Information and

Communication

Technology

Learner’s Material

9

GOVERNMENT PROPERTY

NOT FOR SALE

ALLOTTED TO

District/ School: _________________________________________

Division _________________________________________________

First Year of Use: _________________________________________

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Department of Education

Republic of the Philippines

Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 9 Learner’s Material First Edition, 2013 ISBN: ___________

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Br. Armin A. Luistro FSC Undersecretary: Dinah Ocampo, Ph.D. Assistant Secretary: Lorna D. Dino, Ph.D.

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Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd-IMCS) Office Address: 2nd Floor Dorm G, Philsports Complex, Meralco

Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (02) 634-1054, 634-1072 E-mail Address: imcsetd@yahoo.com

Development Team of the Learner’s Material

Authors: Owen M. Milambiling , Cesar T. Arriola , Dante B. Bermas, Ronaldo V. Ramilo, , Rosalie P. Lujero, Virgilio O. Guevarra Jr., Diana Marie B. Dagli and Maria Angelica G. Mates

Editors: Paraluman R. Giron, Ofelia C. Flojo, and Perla H. Cuanzon.

Reviewers:

Illustrator and Layout Artists:

Subject Specialist: Owen M. Milambiling Management Team: Lolita M. Andrada, Jocelyn DR Andaya, Bella O. Mariñas, Jose D. Tuguinayo, Jr.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Module 1: PERSONAL ENTREPRENUERIAL COMPETENCIES

Explore your Understanding ……………………………………. 1

Guide Questions …………………………………………………. 2

Pre-Assessment ………………………………………………….. 2

Self- Assessment ………………………………………………… 5

Lesson 1: Important Entrepreneurial Traits ……..……………………… 6

Firm Up ……………………………………………………………. 8

Deepen ……………………………………………………………. 10

Transfer …………………………………………………………… 12

Post-Assessment ………………………………………………… 14

Feedback …………………………………………………………. 17

Module 2: ENVIRONMENT AND MARKET

Explore your Understanding …………………………………… 18

Lesson 1: Needs and Wants of the People …………………………….. 19

Lesson 2: Generating Ideas for Business ………………………………. 20

Lesson 3: Selecting the Right Ideas ……………………………………… 21

Lesson 4: Environmental Scanning ……………………………………… 23

Firm Up …………………………………………………………… 24

Deepen …………………………………………………………… 24

Transfer …………………………………………………………… 25

Post – Assessment ……………………………………………… 27

Feedback …………………………………………………………. 28

Module 3: DRAFTING ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT AND DETAILS

Introduction………………………………………………………………………. 30

Objectives………………………………………………………………………... 30

Pre- Assessment …………………………………………………. 31

Pretest ……………………………………………………… 32

Learning Goals and Targets…………………………………….. 33

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Lesson 1: Prepare Architectural Job Requirements..………………..... 34

Skills Test............................................................................. 34

Technical Terms………………………………………………… 35

1.1 Drafting Tools, Materials and Equipment.......................... 36

1.2 Architectural Working Drawings........................................ 39

1.3 Elements of Architectural Working Drawing..................... 39

1.4 Architectural Abbreviations............................................... 54

1.5 Architectural Symbols ………..…………………………….. 55

1.6 Structural Plans……………………………………………… 58

1.7 Columns, Footings and Beams……………………………. 60

1.8 Plumbing Layout/Plans……………………………………… 62

1.9 Septic Tanks…………………………………………………. 63

1.10 Storms Drainage…………………………………………… 63

1.11 Electrical Plans…………………………………………….. 64

Summative Assessment…………………………………………………….. 67

Lesson 2: Prepare and Set-up Tools and Materials for Drawing.......... 69

Skills Test.............................................................................. 69

Technical Terms.................................................................... 69

2.1 The Importance of Drawing Tools, Materials and

Equipment........................................................................

70

2.2 Procedure in Setting up Drawing Tools, Materials and

Equipment and Standard Operating Procedure...............

72

Summative Assessment……………………………………………………. 75

Lesson 3: Draft Site Development Plan................................................ 77

Skills Test............................................................................. 77

Technical Terms.................................................................... 77

3.1 Site Development Plan................................................... 78

3.2 Planning and Designing ………………………................. 79

3.3 Zoning ……..................................................................... 82

3.4 Building Code ………………........................................... 83

3.5 Lot Mensuration and Plotting.......................................... 86

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3.4 Drafting Practices in Lot Plotting…………………………. 88

Summative Assessment……………………………………………………. 92

Lesson 4. Draft Floor Plan.................................................................... 93

Definition of Terms................................................................ 94

4.1 Floor Plan........................................................................ 94

4.2 Area Planning................................................................... 98

4.3 The Work Triangle………………………………………….. 100

4.3 Garage and Carports....................................................... 106

4.4 Use of Appropriate Scale in Drawing a Floor Plan.......... 108

4.5 Architectural Use of Metric System................................... 109

4.6 Architectural Drafting Design Standards......................... 111

4.7 Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB) for Walling and Partitions 112

Summative Assessment……………………………………………………. 116

Lesson 5. Draft Roof Plans.................................................................... 117

Skills Test............................................................................... 118

Technical Terms..................................................................... 118

5.1 Roofs ……………….......................................................... 120

5.2 Roof Plan.......................................................................... 123

5.3 Roof Framing Plan........................................................... 126

Summative Assessment……………………………………………………. 130

Lesson 6. Draft Ceiling Plan.................................................................. 130

Skills Test............................................................................... 131

Definition of Terms................................................................. 131

6.1 The Importance and Purpose of Ceiling in the Building … 132

6.2 Procedure in Drafting Reflected Ceiling Plan.................. 133

Summative Assessment……………………………………………………. 137

Lesson 7. Draft Elevations and Sections........................................... 137

Skills Test................................................................................ 137

Definition of Terms................................................................. 138

7.1 Elevation........................................................................... 138

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7.2 Elevation Projection.......................................................... 140

7.3 Elevation Dimension.......................................................... 142

7.4 Procedure in Drafting Elevation……………………………. 144

7.5 Sectioning……………………………………………………. 145

7.6 Full Sections…………………………………………………. 148

7.7 Cross or Traverse Section………………………………… 150

Summative Assessment……………………………………………………. 153

Lesson 8: Perform Presentation Drawings......................................... 156

Skills Test................................................................................ 156

Definition of Terms.................................................................. 156

8.1 Presentation Drawings....................................................... 157

8.2 Common Drafting Errors…………………………………….. 159

Summative Assessment……………………………………………………. 159

Post Assessment………………………………………………………………. 161

References……………………………………………………………………… 163

Module 4: DRAFTING STRUCTURAL LAYOUT AND DETAILS

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………. 165

Objectives………………………………………………………………………... 166

Pre- Assessment …………………………………………………. 167

Learning Goals and Targets…………………………………….. 169

Skills Assessment……………………………………………….. 170

Lesson 1: Draft Foundation Plans ……………..………………………….. 171

Skills Test................................................................................. 171

Technical Terms....................................................................... 171

1.1 Design of Foundation........................................................ 172

1.2 Layout and Staking………………………………………….. 172

1.3 Excavation and Backfilling………………………………….. 174

1.4 Foundation……………………………………………………. 181

Summative Assessment…………………………………………………….. 192

Lesson 2: Draft Structural Floor and Roof Framing Plans………… 194

Skills Assessment………………………………………………… 194

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Technical Terms....................................................................... 194

2.1 Concrete………………………………………………………. 196

2.3 Reinforced Concrete…………………………………………. 197

2.4 The Reinforced Concrete Floor…..………………………… 198

2.5 The Reinforced Concrete Slab……………………………… 199

2.6 Reinforced Concrete Stairways…………………………….. 201

2.7 Reinforced Steel Bars……………………………………….. 204

2.8 Concrete Floor Slabs………………………………………… 207

2.9 Lumber ……………………………………………………….. 217

2.10 Physical Properties of Wood……………………………... 217

2.11 The Wood Floor System…………………………………… 218

2.12 The Roof System ………………………………………….. 232

2.13 The Wooden Stair…………………………………………. 239

Summative Assessment ...…………………………………………………. 247

Post Assessment………………………………………………………………. 249

References………………………………………………………………………. 251

Module 5: DRAFTING ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC LAYOUT

AND DETAILS

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………. 253

Objectives………………………………………………………………………... 253

Pre- Assessment …………………………………………………. 254

Skills Assessment……………………………………………….… 255

Learning Goals and Targets…………………………………….. 256

Lesson 1: Draft Electrical Plans and Layouts ………………………….. 257

1.1 The Flow of Electricity ………………………………………. 258

1.2 Factors that Affect Resistance …………………………….. 259

1.3 Electrical Diagrams & Symbols ……………………………. 262

1.4 Electrical Legend ……………..…………………………….. 263

1.5 Lighting ………………………………………………………. 265

1.6 General Rules to Observe in Illumination Planning …….. 266

1.7 Components of an Electrical System ……………………. 268

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1.8 Wiring ……………………………………………………….. 269

1.9 Boxes and Cabinets ………………………………………. 269

1.10 Types of Boxes …………………………………………….. 270

1.11 Rules in Planning the Electrical System ………………… 270

1.12 Circuit Protective Devices …………………………………. 272

1.13 Switches …………………………………………………….. 272

1.14 Working with Electrical Drawings ……………………….… 274

Summative Test ………………………………………………………………. 277

Lesson 2: Draft Auxiliary Systems and Layout …………………………. 277

Skills Evaluation ………………………………………………….. 277

Learning Goals and Targets ……………………………………. 278

Technical Terms………………………………………………….. 278

2.1 Graphic Symbols for Auxiliary Systems…………………… 279

2.1 Fire Alarm Systems…………………………………………. 281

2.2 Key Elements of the Local Building Code ……………….. 281

Summative Test ……………………………………………………………… 283

Post Assessment……………………………………………………………….. 286

MODULE 6: DRAFTING SANITARY AND PLUMBING LAY-OUT AND DETAILS

Objectives ……………………………………………………………………… 288

Pre- Assessment …………………………………………………. 289

Skills Evaluation …………………………………………………. 290

Learning Goals and Target …………………………………….. 291

Lesson 1: Draft Water Distribution Systems …………………………….. 292

1.1 Operational Definition of Terms …………………………….. 292

1.2 Overview ………………………….…………………………… 292

1.3 Connection of Pipes ……………………….…………………. 293

1.4 Kinds of Fittings …..………………………………………….. 294

1.5 Systems of Drawing Pipe Layout …………………………… 294

1.9 Plumbing Symbols ……………………………………………. 297

1.10 The Water Line Layout ……………………………………... 305

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1.11 Typical Plumbing System ………………………………….. 306

1.12 Sample Plumbing Layout ………………………………….. 307

1.13 Usual Way of Drawing Plumbing in Construction Plan … 308

1.14 Typical Pipes and Fittings …………………………………. 308

1.15 Water Pipes and Fittings Required ……………………….. 309

1.16 uPVC Adafter Fitting For uPVC-To-Galvanized Iron Water Piping Connectors …………………….........................

310

Summative Test ……………………………………………………………… 316

Lesson 2: Draft Sanitary and Storm Drainage …………………………. 317

Skills Evaluation………………………………………………….. 317

Learning Goals and Targets ……………………………………. 317

2.1 Overview …………………………………………………….. 318

2.3 The Sewage Disposal System …………………………….. 319

2.4 Schematic Diagram Plumbing Elevation …………………. 320

2.5 The Septic Tank ……………………………………………... 322

2.6 Sanitary Fitting ……………………………………………….. 323

2.7 Horizontal Section Plan ……………………………………... 324

2.8 The Typical Detail of a Septic Tank ………………………… 324

2.9 Sizes of Septic Vault …………………………………………. 324

2.10 The Drainage System …………………………………….... 328

2.11 The House Drain ………………………………………….... 329

2.12 The House Sewer ………………………………………...... 330

2.13 The Catch Basin …………………………………………..... 332

Summative Test ……………………………………………………………… 334

Post Assessment………………………………………………………………. 339

MODULE 7: DRAFTING MECHANICAL LAYOUT AND DETAILS

Objectives ……………………………………………………………………… 341

Pre- Assessment …………………………………………………. 342

Skills Evaluation ………………………………………………….. 343

Learning Goals and Target ……………………………………… 344

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Lesson 1: Draft Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Systems Layout ………………………………………………………………………….

344

Operational Definition of Terms ………………………………… 345

1.1 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) ………. 346

1.2 Circulation of Air Conditioning Standards …………………. 347

1.3 HVAC Symbols and Abbreviations …………………………. 349

1.4 Types of Air conditioning Systems …………………………. 356

1.5 Controlling humidity with an AC system …………………… 358

1.6 Air Conditioning Equipment and Controls …………………. 361

1.7 HVAC Conventions …………………………………………… 372

1.8 Sample Residential HVAC System Layout ………………… 375

Summative Test ……………………………………………………………… 378

Lesson 2: Draft Mechanical Details of Conveyor Systems…………… 379

Skills Evaluation………………………………………………….. 379

Learning Goals and Targets ……………………………………. 380

2.1 Escalators, Conveyors, and Elevators …………………….. 382

2.2 Moving Walks and Ramps …………………………………. 384

2.3 Elevators …………………………………………………….. 384

Summative Test …………………………………………………………….. 391

Lesson 3. Draft Fire Protection Systems ……………………………… 391

Skills Evaluation………………………………………………….. 391

Learning Goals and Targets ……………………………………. 392

3.1 Requirements for fire safety………………………………… 393

3.2 Building Classifications …………………………………..…. 393

3.5 Fire Extinguishing System …………………………………. 394

Summative Test …………………………………………………………….. 396

Post Assessment…………………………………………………………….. 399

Glossary

References