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The Ins(tute of Transforma(onal Nutri(on

Copyright 2016, Ins(tute of Transforma(onal Nutri(on Inc. 1

©COPYRIGHT INSTITUTE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL NUTRITION, INC. | WWW.INSTITUTEOFTRANSFORMATIONALNUTRITION.COM

SCIENCE MODULE 7


HEALTH CONDITIONS


WHAT WE WILL COVER IN THIS SECTION

•  Chronic Fatigue Syndrome•  Autoimmune Diseases•  Nutritional Assessment•  Clinical Signs of Malnutrition•  Adrenal Fatigue•  Hormones•  Cancer

•  Diabetes•  Mental Health•  Heart Disease•  Stroke•  Respiratory Diseases•  Thyroid Problems & Diseases




CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME


CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS)

•  A disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that does not improve with sleep

•  May become worse with physical and mental activity•  Can’t be explained with any underlying condition



In order to be classified as CFS, three criteria must be met:

•  Fatigue must persist for more than 6 months in adults •  Fatigue severely interferes with work and daily life•  Must have 4 out of 8 symptoms





•  Feeling unwell for more than 24 hours after physical activity•  Un-refreshing sleep•  Significant impairment of short-term memory or concentration•  Muscle pain•  Pain in the joints without swelling or redness•  Headaches of a new type, pattern, or severity•  Tender lymph nodes in the neck or armpit•  A sore throat that is frequent or recurring


CFS CAUSES

•  There is no clear cause•  There is a belief that its caused by a combination of several triggers•  These include viral infections, nutrient deficiency, stress, hormone

imbalance, extremely low blood pressure, immune system problems, allergies and immune reactions to food and environment, and exposure to toxins

•  Common nutrient deficiencies seen in people with CFS are B12, folic acid, Vitamin C, magnesium, zinc, L-tryptophan, L-carnitine, coenzyme Q10, and essential fatty acids


HOW COMMON IS IT?

•  While fatigue is common, CFS is rare in comparison•  It affects only 3,000 in every 100,000 adults•  Usually occurs in those between 25-50 years old•  More common in women•  More common in those who are overweight•  Rare in children•  May occur in teens after certain illnesses like mononucleosis and

the flu




SYMPTOMS

•  It is also common to experience feelings of helplessness, guilt, confusion, anger, dependence, sadness, and worthlessness

•  Family members and those around may also begin to have feelings of resentment, frustration, and disbelief


TREATMENT

•  Initial focus of treatment is making patient physically feel better•  This is done by addressing any symptoms that are present•  In this stage of treatment it is common to use pain relievers,

antidepressants, sleeping pills, physical therapy, and psychological counseling

•  The next phase of treatment focuses on coping and making lifestyle changes


TREATMENT•  This is done by reducing stress, improving sleep habits, regularly

exercising, keeping activity at a steady pace, improving the diet, and taking supplements to treat deficiencies

•  Incorporating alternative methods such as acupuncture, sleep therapy, hydrotherapy, massage, yoga, and tai chi may also help treat CFS

•  Since this condition also affects those around the patient, understanding and possible counseling of loved ones may be necessary




PREVENTION

•  There is no way to anticipate or prevent CFS•  Certain lifestyle and nutrition changes may help prevent general

fatigue


PREVENTION - LIFESTYLE

•  Making lifestyle choices to avoid general fatigue is recommended•  Other important factors are stress management, healthy sleep

patterns, avoiding toxins and prescription drugs that increase fatigue, exercising, and meditating


PREVENTION - NUTRITION

•  Eating a balanced diet•  Increasing foods that boost energy such as complex carbohydrates,

good quality protein, water, fruits, and vegetables•  Avoiding nutrient deficiencies•  Avoiding foods that “zap” energy such as sugar, processed foods,

and fats•  Taking an age appropriate multivitamin




AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES


WHAT ARE THEY?

•  Classified as an inappropriate immune response that causes the immune system to attack healthy cells in the body

•  The most common type of disease affecting today’s world•  The name of the disease depends on what part of the body is being

affected•  There are many different autoimmune diseases including alopecia,

celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, lupus, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, Type 1 diabetes, and ulcerative colitis


WHAT CAUSES THEM?•  Caused when the body creates autoantibodies that attack normal

cells•  Genetic predisposition combined with other risk factors contributes

to the development of an autoimmune disease•  These risk factors include

–  Gender (more common in women)–  Environmental factors (toxins, chemicals, drugs, smoking)–  Certain deficiencies (selenium)–  Infectious diseases (strep, intestinal infections)–  Inflammation




WHO IS SUSCEPTIBLE?

•  There are close to 100 different autoimmune diseases•  More common in women than men•  Affects women of childbearing age•  Certain diseases affect certain races or ethnic backgrounds (lupus-

African Americans & Hispanics)•  Those with a genetic predisposition may or may not develop an

autoimmune disease•  This often depends on other risk factors


SYMPTOMS

•  Diagnosis depends on very specific scientific factors•  In general, symptoms usually begin with fatigue, muscle aches, and

a low fever•  Inflammation is another classic symptom, causing redness, swelling,

pain, and heat•  Individual autoimmune diseases have different symptoms•  It is common for symptoms to “flare up” and then go into remission


TREATMENT

•  Depends on the type of autoimmune disease •  There are many different medications available•  The first general step in treatment is to relieve any symptoms

present•  Other parts of treatment may include replacing the body with

substances that it may no longer be able to make on its own (diabetes-insulin)

•  Taking immune suppressing drugs may also help in some cases to control inflammation




TREATMENT

•  Complimentary and alternative treatments (CAM) vary depending on the type of disease

•  Some of those may include herbal therapy, acupuncture, hypnosis, chiropractic care, and nutrition and diet changes



•  The first step in preventing an autoimmune disease is identifying if there is a risk of developing one

•  Some ways to do this are by testing for a genetic predisposition or for a deficit of T cells in the body

•  If it is established that you are high risk, then it is wise to avoid environmental factors that may contribute to autoimmune diseases

•  Making lifestyle changes such as avoiding stress, toxins, and nutrient deficiencies is important



•  Each individual autoimmune disorder may benefit from nutrition in different ways

•  For example, Celiac flare-ups can be prevented by avoiding gluten in the diet, and diabetes from sugar

•  In general it is important to eat a balanced diet of nutrient dense foods

•  It is also important to avoid toxins, nutrient deficiencies, processed foods, and foods that may cause an allergic or inflammatory response in the body




NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT


CLINICAL NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT

•  Utilizes a number of physical signs that are known to be associated with malnutrition and a deficiency of vitamins and minerals

•  Special attention to hair, angles of the mouth, gums, nails, eyes, skin, tongue, muscles, bones, and thyroid gland can detect deficiencies


CLINICAL SIGNS OF MALNUTRITION




CLINICAL SIGNS OF MALNUTRITION

•  Hair•  Mouth•  Eyes•  Hands and Nails•  Skin•  Bones and Joints•  Thyroid Gland•  Body Mass Index (BMI)


HAIR

Symptom Deficiency

Easy to pull out Protein deficiency

Corkscrew coiled hair Vitamin C & Vitamin A deficiency

Sparse and thin Protein, zinc, and bio(n deficiency


Symptom Deficiency

Bleeding & spongy gums Vitamin A, C, K, folic acid, niacin

Inflamma(on in corners of the mouth, fissured tongue

B2, B6, niacin

Leukoplakia (white lesions that will not scrape off)

Vitamin A, B12, B complex, folic acid, and niacin

Sore mouth and tongue Vitamin C, B12, B6, niacin, folic acid

Glossi(s (soreness of the tongue) Riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, B12

MOUTH




EYES

Symptom Deficiency

Night blindness Vitamin A deficiency

Cataracts Chromium

Bags or dark rings under Food intolerances

Blurring, conjunc(val inflamma(on

Vitamin A, B12 deficiencies


HANDS AND NAILS

Symptom Deficiency

Transverse lines on nails Protein deficiency

White spots on nails Zinc

Ridges on nails Poor blood supply, zinc

So_ or bri`le nails General mineral deficiency, especially magnesium


Symptom Deficiency Follicular hyperkeratosis (thickening of stratum corneum; Keratosis Pilaris is very common)

Vitamin A, B, C, E

Flaking derma((s (seborrheic derma((s) Inadequate Protein, Vitamin A, B2, zinc, and niacin

Pigmenta(on (discolora(on), desquama(on (peeling of the outer most layer)

Niacin and inadequate protein

Bruising Vitamins C & K and niacin

Pallor Folic Acid, Iron, B12

SKIN




BONES AND JOINTS

Symptom Deficiency

Rickets Vitamin D deficiency

Scurvy Vitamin C deficiency


THYROID GLAND

Symptom Deficiency

Enlarged throat Indica(ve of iodine deficiency


BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)

•  BMI calculators and apps•  High BMI associated with Type 2 Diabetes and cardiovascular

disease

BMI Grade

< 18.5 Underweight

18.5-‐ 24.5 Healthy weight range

30-‐40 Obese (grade 2)

> 40 Very obese (grade 3)




ADRENAL FATIGUE


WHAT IS IT?

•  A combination of symptoms that result when the adrenal glands function below normal

•  When this happens, the adrenal gland fails to make necessary hormones such as cortisol

•  Affects every organ and system in the body, as well as the metabolism, fluid balance, and sex drive

•  Also called hypoadrenia•  Not considered an actual diagnosis in the medical community•  Recognized more in alternative medicine since the release of the book,

Adrenal Fatigue: The 21st Century Stress Syndrome by Dr. James L. Wilson


CAUSES

•  Caused when the adrenal glands have been “overworked” by too much stress

•  Can result from one single intense stress (trauma, death of loved one) or by repeated chronic stress

•  May also result after a long-term infection (usually respiratory) such as the flu or pneumonia

•  Long-term exposure to toxic chemicals•  Events that have a long-term burden on the body such as

mal-nutrition, surgery, smoking, and addiction•  Lack of sleep or rest




WHO IS SUSCEPTIBLE?

•  Everybody is susceptible to adrenal fatigue •  It can affect even the healthiest people •  Common in people that have a hard time reacting to and avoiding

stress•  Risk factors are very common in life•  Very common in general


SYMPTOMS

•  Extreme fatigue in the morning and trouble waking up•  Feeling tired early in the morning and mid afternoon•  Feeling tired for no reason•  Hard time recovering from illness or stress•  Symptoms of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)•  Salty and sweet cravings


SYMPTOMS CONT.

•  Feel better with more energy in the evenings•  Low blood pressure•  Loss of body hair and body aches•  Weight loss, weight gain, or the inability to lose weight




TREATMENT

•  Since it’s not recognized in the medical community, there are little medical treatments available

•  Getting hormone levels checked can be a great way to see when and how you are affected most

•  Making lifestyle modifications such as changing sleep patterns, increasing exercise, avoiding stimulants, managing stress, avoiding toxins and sugars, and increasing nutrients


TREATMENT

•  Supplements recommended for treatment are melatonin, DHEA, Vitamins C & E, B Vitamins, calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, selenium, molybdenum, chromium, copper, iodine, adrenal cell extracts, and essential fatty acids

•  Other supplements include skullcap, rhodiola, ashwagandha, and green tea



•  Avoiding stress is key•  Learning how to process and manage uncontrollable stress

(tragedy)•  Supporting healthy sleep patterns•  Exercising•  Avoiding toxins, smoking, and drugs •  Practice regular cleansing methods of the mind and spirit





•  Avoiding nutrient deficiencies•  Avoiding stimulants such as caffeine and sugar•  Avoiding processed foods full of toxic additives and preservatives•  Eating a balanced diet of nutrient dense foods•  Practice regular cleansing and detox methods of the body


HORMONES


WHAT ARE THEY?

•  Chemical messengers of the body•  Made in and secreted by the endocrine glands of the endocrine

system•  The main endocrine glands include the pituitary, pineal, thymus,

thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, and ovaries•  Very potent - a little goes a long way•  Affect many processes in the body including metabolism, growth &

development, mood, sexual function, and reproduction•  Classified as either steroids or protein




HORMONES: KINDS & FUNCTIONS

•  There are many different hormones in the body•  Most of them have multiple functions



The Anterior Pituitary Gland produces:•  Growth Hormone:

–  Stimulates protein synthesis and the growth of bones, muscles, and other organs

–  Helps maintain metabolism, normal body structure, and blood glucose•  Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (Thyrotropin): Stimulates thyroid to

secrete thyroid hormone•  Adrenocorticotropic Hormone: Reacts with adrenal cortex to

stimulate the secretion of cortical hormones



•  Gonadotropic Hormones: Reacts with gonads/ovaries to stimulate their growth, development, and function (Follicle stimulating hormone)

•  Prolactin Hormone: Stimulates development of glandular tissue in the breast during pregnancy as well as milk production





The Pineal Gland produces:•  Melatonin: Regulates sleep wake cycles and is important for

reproductive development•  Serotonin: A neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, blood

vessel dilation, and the activity of many cells and organs



The Thyroid Gland produces:•  Thyroxine:

–  Iodine-containing hormone that increases metabolic rate –  Important for heart and muscle function, digestion, brain development,

and bone maintenance•  Calcitonin: Helps construct bone and regulate high calcium levels

in the blood



The Parathyroid Gland produces:•  Parathyroid Hormone (Parathormone): Helps regulate low

calcium levels in the blood





•  The adrenal glands are divided into the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla


Hormones: Kinds & Functions

The Adrenal Cortex produces (Cortical hormones = all steroids):•  Aldosterone: Helps the body conserve sodium ions and water•  Cortisol: Increases blood glucose and regulates changes in the

body in response to stress•  Gonadocorticoids (Sex Hormones): Androgens (male hormones)

and estrogens (female hormones) are secreted in small amounts in both sexes

•  Epinephrine & Norepinephrine: Secreted in response to stimulus (stress) and prepares body with “fight or flight” response



The Pancreas produces:•  Glucagons: Secreted in response to low blood glucose•  Insulin: Secreted in response to high blood glucose





•  The Gonads are the reproductive organs•  Testes in men and Ovaries in women



The Gonads produce:•  Male sex hormones (androgens)

–  Testosterone: Important for growth and development of male sex organs, bone and muscle growth, puberty changes (voice/body hair), and increased sex drive

–  DHEA: Aids in production of estrogen and testosterone•  Female sex hormones

–  Estrogen: Important for breast development, fat distribution in hips, legs and breasts, development of female sex organs

–  Progesterone: Made in the adrenal glands an is responsible for thickening of uterus to prepare for pregnancy



Other organs that have hormone activity include the hypothalmus, thymus, small intestines, stomach, heart, and placenta

•  Dopamine: Released by the hypothalamus and important for muscle movement, emotion, motivation, thinking, and sensation of pleasure

•  Thymosin: Made in the thymus gland and important for immune system development





•  Cholecystokinin: –  Made in the small intestine–  Stimulates the pancreas to create bicarbonate and release digestive

enzymes–  Stimulates gallbladder contraction and the release of bile

•  Gastrin: –  Made by the stomach lining–  Stimulates production of stomach acid and the enzyme pepsin to aid in

digestion



•  Ghrelin: Made in the stomach and stimulates appetite•  Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (Atriopeptin):

–  Made in the heart–  Released in response to an abnormal increase in blood volume –  Causes elimination of electrolytes by the kidneys

•  Human Chorionic Gonadotropin: Made in the placenta and maintains uterine lining of the uterus during pregnancy

•  Vitamin D is also technically a hormone


NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT

Important nutrients for general hormone support include:

•  Healthy Fats: Omega-3’s, Coconut Oil•  Magnesium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Selenium•  Vitamin D & B Vitamins•  Amino Acids




NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT

•  There are other supplements that may aid in supporting and rebalancing hormones

•  These include:–  Maca–  Sterol/Sterolin Supplement –  Wild Spanish Pollen–  Mistletoe Leaf–  Noni Juice


NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT

•  Adrenal Support: Vitamin A, C, E & B Vitamins (B1, B5, & B6), essential fatty acids, L-tyrosine, licorice root

•  Thyroid Support: Iodine and B Vitamins (B1 & B5)•  Low Estrogen: Vitamin E, whole/unprocessed soy, flaxseeds,

pomegranate seed oil, maca, rhubarb, St. John’s wort, black cohosh, red ginseng, hops, and valerian

•  High Estrogen: Vitamin B12, magnesium, zinc, copper, folate, methionine, melatonin, resveratrol, turmeric, seaweed, and hops


NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT

•  Low Progesterone: Vitamin C, chasteberry, bladderwrack, and saffron

•  Low Cortisol: Vitamin C & B Vitamins (B1 & B6), licorice root, and grapefruit juice

•  High Cortisol: Vitamin C, Phosphatidylserine (PS), fish oil, L-theanine, L-lysine/L-arginine combo, L-tyrosine, Asian & Korean red ginseng, Ashwagandha, and rhodiola




NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT

•  Androgen (Male Sex Hormones) Support: Vitamins A, C, E, B Vitamins, zinc, calcium, chromium, magnesium, sulfur, inositol, and essential fatty acids

•  Low Thyroid: Vitamin A, selenium, iodine, zinc, iron, copper, bladderwrack, and guggulu


HORMONAL IMBALANCE


WHAT IS IT?

•  When the chemical messengers that regulate the body aren’t functioning properly

•  When left untreated they may lead to other health conditions such as diabetes, cancer, fibroids, and growth problems

•  There are roughly 6,000 endocrine disorders that may be caused by hormone imbalance

•  There are many different imbalances that may take place




WHAT IS IT?

•  High Androgens•  Low Thyroid•  Low Pregnenolone•  Low Cortisol•  High Cortisol

•  Low Estrogen•  High Estrogen•  Low Progesterone•  Combinations of more than one

imbalance

Some of the most common include:


CAUSES

•  Pregnancy•  Birth control•  Perimenopause/Menopause•  Aging•  Genetics•  Being overweight/obesity•  Poor nutrition/deficiencies•  Inadequate precursors to make hormones


CAUSES CONT.

•  Sedentary lifestyle/lack of exercise•  Toxin exposure•  Excess stress•  Endocrine gland burnout•  Unhealthy lifestyle choices •  Other hormone imbalance•  Endocrine disruptors




CAUSES CONT.

•  Endocrine disruptors are toxic chemicals absorbed by the body that mimic or block hormones and disrupt body functions

•  Examples of these include pesticides, air and water pollutants, industrial chemicals, BPA and byproducts from burning plastics and other materials


WHO IS SUSCEPTIBLE?

•  Extremely common and frequently overlooked•  Over 75% of women suffer from some kind of hormone imbalance •  Most common in those with chronic stress, nutrient deficiencies,

regular toxin exposure, pregnancy, perimenopause and menopause, poor sleep patterns, and increasing age


SYMPTOMS•  Fatigue•  Anxiety/Nervousness•  Irritability/Mood Swings•  Muscle Loss/Weight Gain•  Inability to Lose Weight•  Brain Fog/Memory Problems•  PMS/Cramping•  Dry Skin and Hair

•  Decreased Sex Drive•  Insomnia•  Hot Flashes/Night Sweats•  Excess Hair/Acne•  Aching Joints•  Decreased Immunity•  Depression




MEDICAL TREATMENTS

•  Birth control pills•  Creams, gels, pills, and patches are given for estrogen,

progesterone, cortisol, and testosterone •  Thyroid pills•  Self injections for testosterone•  Pellet therapy: Pellets injected into the body as a time-released,

long-term therapy


MEDICAL TREATMENTS

•  Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): –  Synthetic hormones given by methods mentioned above–  Risks involved are stroke, heart disease, blood clots, and breast cancer–  Higher risk for postmenopausal women–  Once was believed to prevent certain diseases such as osteoporosis


MEDICAL TREATMENTS

•  Bioidentical Hormone Replacement Therapy (BHRT): –  Believed to be a better option than regular HRT–  Hormones are identical to human hormones–  Dosage is customized per patient–  Not enough evidence to support them as being safer choices–  Constant monitoring/evaluation supplied




ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS

•  Diet•  Nutritional supplementation•  Exercise•  Sleep•  Herbal Therapy•  Yoga/Meditation

•  Acupuncture•  Massage•  Deep breathing•  Mindfulness-based stress

reduction (MBSR)•  Detoxing



•  Lifestyle modifications are some of the best ways to prevent hormone imbalance

•  These include increasing exercise, healthy sleep patterns, stress management, avoiding toxin exposure, regular practice of detox, and cleansing methods



•  In general it is important to eat a balanced diet of nutrient dense foods

•  Avoid caffeine, alcohol, refined sugars, foods with added hormones, dairy, gluten, processed foods, nutrient deficiencies




CANCER


WHAT IS IT?

•  A group of diseases characterized by uncontrollable cell division and growth

•  Also referred to as malignancy•  Cell overgrowths are referred to as tumors•  Cancerous tumors are called malignant tumors and noncancerous

are called benign tumors•  Over 100 types•  Each type is classified by the type of cells that are affected first


TYPES

•  Some of the most common include breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, brain cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia




BREAST CANCER

•  Classified by an uncontrolled growth of breast cells•  Already discussed in Women’s Health


PROSTATE CANCER

•  Classified by an uncontrolled growth of prostate cells•  Already discussed in Men’s Health


LUNG CANCER

•  Classified by an uncontrolled growth of lung cells•  One of the most common types of cancer leading to death•  One of the most preventable •  There are two major types: Small cell lung cancer and non-small cell

lung cancer•  The more common non-small type has many varieties•  More than 80% is caused by smoking and genetics




COLON & RECTAL CANCER

•  Together referred to as colorectal cancer•  Classified by an uncontrolled growth of colon or rectal cells•  If it begins in the colon it’s called colon cancer, if it begins in the

rectum it’s called rectal cancer•  Usually begins as a small polyp which most often are benign•  Cancer often doesn’t have symptoms•  Exact cause is unknown but risks include family history and poor

diet


OVARIAN CANCER

•  Classified by a cancerous tumor in one or both ovaries due to abnormal cell growth

•  Easily spreads to other parts of the body•  The most common kind occurs in postmenopausal women•  Often has no early symptoms but warning signs include sudden

bloating, belly and pelvic pain, difficulty eating, and urinary problems•  Exact cause is unknown but risks include genetics and DNA

changes


CERVICAL CANCER

•  Classified by an uncontrolled growth of cervical cells•  Usually caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) which can be

sexually transmitted•  Believed that HPV vaccine may reduce the risk•  May go unnoticed for years•  Symptoms include abnormal bleeding, pain during intercourse and

blood tinged discharge•  Can be diagnosed with a Pap smear




BRAIN CANCER

•  Classified by a cancerous tumor in the brain•  Symptoms include seizures, confusion, behavior changes, and

sleepiness•  Benign tumors may also present symptoms•  There are many types of brain tumors•  Causes include genetics, toxin exposure, radiation, HIV infection,

and smoking


PANCREATIC CANCER

•  An aggressive cancer classified by an uncontrolled growth of pancreatic cells

•  Roughly 1 out of 76 people will get it•  Usually affects both men and women equally over the age 45•  Classified as exocrine pancreatic cancer or endocrine pancreatic

cancer depending on which part is affected•  Exact cause is unknown but risks include smoking, family history,

age, and race


SKIN CANCER

•  Classified by an uncontrolled growth of skin cells on the outer layer of skin

•  Types include melanoma, basal cell, and squamous cell•  The most common type of cancer worldwide•  Three times more common in men•  Sun exposure is the most common cause•  Other risk factors include family history, geography, and skin color




LYMPHOMA

•  Can be classified as Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma•  They are both cancers of the lymphatic system•  The difference is the type of cells affected•  Important to diagnose properly because treatments are different•  May be either aggressive or nonaggressive•  Can start anywhere in the body and spread easily•  Exact cause is unknown but may be triggered by infection or toxin

exposure


LEUKEMIA

•  Cancer of the blood cells•  Begins in the bone marrow•  Cells often crowd out healthy blood cells causing anemia, infections,

and bleeding•  Easily spreads to the lymph nodes and other organs•  Many types classified by what cells they affect and how fast they

spread•  Exact cause is unknown but risks include radiation and toxin

exposure, chemo, genetic problems like Down syndrome, and smoking


RISK FACTORS

•  Exposure to carcinogens•  Genetics•  Diet and obesity•  Age•  Viruses (HIV, HPV)•  Radiation•  Hormones




TREATMENT OPTIONS

•  There is no clear cure for cancer•  There are many treatment options available depending on the type•  Patients often receive a combination of different treatments•  The goal of treatment is to kill or remove all of the cancer cells


MEDICAL TREATMENTS

•  Some of the most common treatments are surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, gene therapy, targeted therapy, and transplants (bone marrow)

•  Surgery may be a successful option as long as the cancer is in one place

•  Chemotherapy is a drug used to kill the cancer that has many side effects

•  Radiology uses radiation to kill the cancer cells and also has many side effects


MEDICAL TREATMENTS

•  Some common treatment side effects include fatigue, endocrine changes, diabetes, incontinence, infertility, hair loss, weight loss/gain, cognitive problems, osteoporosis, pain, sexual dysfunction, and neuropathy




ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES

•  Many therapies available to help treat or relieve cancer symptoms•  Some of the most common therapies include acupuncture,

aromatherapy, biofeedback, exercise, herbal therapy, hypnosis, massage therapy, meditation, music therapy, nutrition and diet changes, relaxation techniques, Tai chi, and yoga



•  Cancers that are associated with certain behaviors are most easily prevented by avoiding those behaviors

•  Examples of these are smoking and lung cancer, alcohol and liver cancer, and sun exposure and skin cancer

•  Certain types of screening can help prevent cancer development such as breast self-exams and Pap smears

•  Other preventative measures include staying active, avoiding environmental toxins, smoking and alcohol, regular detoxification and cleansing, staying at a healthy weight, managing blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels



•  Eating a balanced diet made up of nutrient dense foods•  Increase antioxidants and immune boosting foods such as garlic,

ginger, turmeric, and curry•  Increase cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and cauliflower •  Eat a rainbow of fruits and veggies•  Follow a plant-based diet•  Increase water intake•  Avoid or choose higher quality animal products




Prevention - Nutrition

•  Buy organic•  Increase whole grains and fiber•  Avoid carcinogens in food such as preservatives, artificial colors and

flavors, nitrates/nitrites, and pesticides•  Avoid nutrient deficiencies•  Choose healthier cooking methods•  Important nutrients include Vitamins A, C, and E, B Vitamins, beta-

carotene, zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, and L-cysteine


DIABETES


WHAT IS IT?

•  Also referred to as diabetes mellitus•  A group of metabolic diseases that affects the body’s blood glucose

(blood sugar)•  Complications associated with diabetes include extremely high or

low blood sugar, diseases of the small and large vessels in the body (eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart), atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and pain in the arms and legs due to low blood supply




TYPES

•  The three main types are Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, and Gestational Diabetes

•  Other kinds include prediabetes, congenital diabetes, cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, steroid diabetes, and other types of monogenic diabetes


TYPE 1 DIABETES

•  Classified as an autoimmune disease•  The body can’t make insulin therefore can’t breakdown sugar•  Occurs when the immune system kills the pancreatic cells that

produce insulin•  Also referred to as “juvenile diabetes” or “insulin-dependent

diabetes”•  Makes up only about 10% of diabetic cases•  May occur at any age but most common in those 20 and under


TYPE 1 DIABETES

•  Causes patients to have to test blood sugar and take insulin shots for the rest of their life

•  Usually caused by a combination of genetics and environmental triggers

•  Important to follow a diet that maintains low levels of blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure




TYPE 2 DIABETES

•  The most common type making up almost 90% of cases•  Also referred to as “non-insulin-dependent diabetes” and “adult-

onset diabetes”•  The body does not make enough insulin, or it can’t use insulin

properly (insulin resistance)•  Insulin resistance leads to a build-up of glucose in the blood and a

lack of glucose in the cells that need it•  If not properly managed insulin may need to be prescribed


TYPE 2 DIABETES

•  Excess belly fat, obesity, and poor diet are main risk factors•  Others include age, previous stroke and cardiovascular problems,

and previous gestational diabetes•  Important to follow a diet that maintains low levels of blood sugar,

cholesterol, and blood pressure, and increase exercise


GESTATIONAL DIABETES

•  Similar to Type 2 Diabetes•  The body does not make enough insulin, or it can’t use insulin

properly•  Occurs in 2 - 5% of pregnant women•  Usually goes away after delivery•  Raises the risk of mother and child developing Type 2 Diabetes later

in life by 20 - 50%•  Can be harmful to mother and baby




GESTATIONAL DIABETES

•  Close monitoring during pregnancy is necessary•  Caused by hormones made in the placenta that make it hard for

insulin to do its job


PRE-DIABETES

•  Pre-Diabetes is classified as blood sugar levels that are high but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes

•  Also referred to as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG)


CAUSES

•  Depending on the type, it may be caused by:–  The cells not making insulin–  Not making enough insulin –  Cells not responding to the insulin that is made




RISK FACTORS

•  Obesity•  Family history•  Race•  History of gestational diabetes or baby with high birth weight•  High blood pressure•  Unhealthy cholesterol levels•  Lack of exercise•  Genetics in combination with environmental triggers


TREATMENT

•  Goal of treatment is to prevent high blood sugar without causing it to get too low

•  Home test kits are used to check blood sugar •  Type 1 Diabetes may be treated with diet, exercise, and insulin•  Type 2 Diabetes may be treated with weight loss, diet, and exercise •  If Type 2 is not treated properly then oral medication is given


TREATMENT

•  If further treatment is needed, insulin may be prescribed•  Gestational Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes may both be treated with

diet and exercise•  In severe cases, diabetes may lead to dialysis (due to kidney

failure), kidney transplant, and amputation of extremities





•  There is no preventative measure for Type 1 Diabetes•  Type 2 Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes may be prevented by weight loss

and regular exercise•  Regular detoxification and cleansing



•  Portion control - Be aware of proper serving sizes •  Avoid foods high in fat and refined sugars•  Choose healthier cooking methods•  Increase fiber•  Eat a rainbow of fruits and vegetables


MENTAL HEALTH




WHAT IS IT?

•  Refers to overall emotional, psychological, and social well-being•  Ability to adapt and cope with the normal stresses of life•  Void of mental illness (disorder)•  Mental illness refers to the many issues of emotional, biochemical,

and perceptual nature•  These may include anxiety, ADHD, depression, suicide, addiction,

and personality disorders


TYPES

•  Anxiety•  ADD/ADHD•  Depression•  Suicide


ANXIETY

•  A normal emotion which causes nervousness, worrying, apprehension, and fear

•  When symptoms are extreme and interfere with daily life it may be an anxiety disorder

•  These include panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), social anxiety disorder, and other phobias

•  May be caused by a physical or mental condition, drug reaction, stress, or a combination of these

•  There are many treatment options available including prescription drugs, therapy, and relaxation techniques




ADD/ADHD

•  Attention deficit disorder (ADD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

•  Affects children and adolescence and may linger into adult years•  Symptoms include inability to concentrate and pay attention,

hyperactivity, and impulsiveness •  The exact cause is unknown but factors include genetics, brain

changes, chemical imbalance, poor nutrition, poor prenatal care, substance abuse, toxin exposure, and brain injury

•  Treatment options include prescription drugs, removal of toxin exposure, and diet


DEPRESSION

•  Feelings of sadness, emptiness, and despair that linger for longer than normal

•  Characterized by change in mood, lack of motivation, sense of hopelessness, changes in appetite, recklessness, sleep problems, and low energy levels

•  Symptoms vary from person to person •  There are different types of depression including major depression,

dysthymia, bipolar disorder, seasonal affective disorder, and postpartum depression


DEPRESSION

•  Some of the causes may include loneliness, family history, stress, financial problems, nutritional deficiencies, bullying, drug/alcohol abuse, trauma, and abuse

•  If left untreated it may lead to suicide or other dangerous behavior•  Treatments include understanding the underlying cause of

depression, prescription drugs, therapy, lifestyle and diet changes, and alternative methods




SUICIDE

•  Refers to the act of taking ones own life•  People who are suicidal often need/want help but won’t ask for it•  It is important to recognize warning signs


CAUSES

•  Stress of everyday life •  Hormone changes•  Genetics•  Certain infections•  Brain injury•  Poor prenatal care/prenatal

damage•  Substance abuse

•  Poor nutrition•  Food intolerance•  Toxin exposure•  Psychological trauma/abuse•  Neglect•  Extreme stress/trauma


MEDICAL CARE & SUPPORT

•  Antidepressants•  Mood-stabilizers•  Anti-anxiety medications•  Antipsychotic medications•  Psychotherapy

•  Brain-stimulation treatments•  Residential treatment programs•  Counseling•  Rehab




ALTERNATIVE CARE & SUPPORT

•  Food allergy testing •  Music Therapy•  Relaxation Techniques •  Dance/Movement therapy•  Hypnotherapy

•  Laughter Therapy•  Light Therapy•  Art Therapy•  Primal Therapy•  Wilderness Therapy


NUTRITIONAL CARE & SUPPORT

•  Identify and correct any nutrient deficiencies•  Mineral deficiencies can be the cause of some mental conditions •  Low levels of zinc can affect blood carbon dioxide levels and

emotions •  Low levels of magnesium or potassium can cause decreased energy

and depression•  Food allergies or intolerances may cause psychological issues•  Most common foods include milk, corn, wheat, food chemicals,

sugar, and alcohol


PREVENTION

•  Pay attention to warning signs •  Get help when needed





•  Get plenty of rest and exercise •  Practice regular methods of stress management and relaxation

techniques•  Avoid reckless and abusive behavior•  Avoid drug and alcohol abuse



•  Eat a well balanced diet of nutrient dense food •  Avoid nutrient deficiencies•  Take and age appropriate multivitamin•  Avoid foods that may trigger fatigue and mood swings such as

refined sugars and unhealthy fats•  Drink plenty of fluids


HEART DISEASE




WHAT IS IT?

•  Also called Cardiovascular Disease •  The leading cause of death in the United States•  Includes a number of different conditions that affect heart’s function

and structure•  Other conditions directly linked to heart disease are inflammation,

stress, and high blood pressure


TYPES

•  Coronary Artery Disease (Atherosclerosis): –  A narrowing and hardening of the arteries due to buildup of plaque–  Results in a lack of oxygen to heart and organs

•  Heart Valve Disease:–  Refers to the heart valves not working like they should–  Common types are Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) and Valvular Stenosis


TYPES

•  Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction - MI): –  Death of heart tissue caused by a lack of blood supply

•  Heart Failure:

–  Refers to the heart not pumping like it should–  Leads to swelling and shortness of breath




TYPES

•  Inflammation:–  Sugar is at the top of the list for causing inflammation that can

contribute to heart disease–  Sugar damages arteries and may increase blood pressure–  Stress contributes to inflammation


TYPES

•  High Blood Pressure (Hypertension):–  High blood pressure is a main risk factor for heart disease–  Refers to excessive pressure caused by the pumping of blood against

the artery walls–  The arteries stretch in response to the pressure causing them to

weaken–  Ideal blood pressure is no more than 120/80–  When the pressure is higher, it causes the heart to work harder–  There are many risk factors including smoking, obesity, lack of exercise,

alcoholism, stress, genetics, age, and high intake of sodium


RISK FACTORS

•  There are several uncontrollable risk factors including:–  Age–  Family History –  Race - African Americans and Mexican Americans are more prone–  Post-Menopause




RISK FACTORS

•  Smoking •  High Blood Cholesterol•  Obesity•  Drug Abuse•  Physical Inactivity

•  Uncontrolled Diabetes•  Poor Stress Management•  High levels of C-reactive protein

(indicates inflammation)•  Poor Hygiene


THE CHOLESTEROL MYTH

•  Only half of all patients hospitalized for heart disease have high cholesterol

•  Recent evidence doesn’t support the idea that high levels of cholesterol contribute to heart disease

•  The Framingham Heart Study, which is the most extensive study on risk factors for cardiovascular disease ever done, found that there is zero correlation between large amounts of cholesterol in the diet and the risk of heart disease


CARE & SUPPORT METHODS

•  There are many types of treatments depending on the type of heart disease

•  The goals of treatment are to stabilize the condition, control long term symptoms, and provide a cure if one is available

•  Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is often used to revive and prolong life for those having an acute and life threatening heart complications




MEDICAL CARE & SUPPORT METHODS

•  Surgery: Common types include angioplasties, stents, heart bypass surgeries, cardioversion, pacemakers, and heart transplants

•  Medicinal: Common types include ACE inhibitors, antiarrhythmics, aspirin, beta-blockers, diuretics, nitrates, and blood thinners


ALTERNATIVE CARE & SUPPORT METHODS

•  Lifestyle changes include stop smoking, regular exercise, control blood pressure/cholesterol/blood sugar, stress management, practice good hygiene, meditation, and relaxation techniques

•  Other alternative treatments include coping and support, acupuncture, and herbs such as gingko biloba, ginger, and Hawthorne berry


NUTRITIONAL CARE & SUPPORT METHODS

•  Eat a plant-based diet•  Avoid unhealthy fats, high sodium, cholesterol, and refined sugars•  Choose complex carbs and lean proteins•  Don’t skip meals (helps to balance blood sugar levels)•  Increase heart supporting supplements and foods such as

flaxseeds, Omega-3’s, Vitamin D, garlic, resveratrol, oats, coenzyme Q10, and plant sterols





•  Stop smoking•  Regular exercise•  Maintain healthy weight•  Reduce and manage stress•  Avoid alcohol and drug use•  Manage health conditions•  Follow good hygiene methods



•  Eat a plant-based diet•  Avoid unhealthy fats, high sodium, cholesterol, and refined sugars•  Choose fiber-rich complex carbs and lean proteins•  Choose healthy cooking methods•  Avoid processed meats


STROKE




WHAT IS IT?

•  Also referred to as “Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)”•  Damage to the brain due to a blockage or bleeding in the brain•  This leads to a lack of oxygen to the brain, which kills brain cells

quickly•  The abilities that are controlled by the part of the brain that dies are

lost


TYPES

There are different types of strokes:•  Ischemic strokes:

–  Caused by a blockage of blood to the brain–  Most common type of stroke–  Usually survived–  Triggered in two ways:

•  Thrombus: A clot that forms on a blood vessel and stays in one place

•  Embolus: A clot traveling in the blood that gets stuck in a vessel


TYPES

•  Cerebral Hemorrhage:–  Caused by a ruptured aneurysm or a weak and leaky blood vessel–  Often fatal–  Two types:

•  Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Bleeding of the blood vessels in the brain

•  Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Bleeding in the space between the brain membranes




RISK FACTORS

There are several uncontrollable risk factors including:•  Age•  Race - African Americans, Native Americans, and Alaskan Natives

are more prone•  Family History•  Gender - Men are more prone till age 75, then it is equal for women•  History of TIA or Stroke


Risk Factors

•  Atrial Fibrillation•  Diabetes•  High Blood Pressure•  High Cholesterol•  Smoking•  Obesity•  Lack of Exercise•  Alcohol Abuse


CAUSES

•  Causes of ischemic strokes include blood clots, atherosclerosis, arrhythmias, heart valve problems, congenital heart defects, blood vessel inflammation, heart failure, heart attack, and low blood pressure

•  Causes of hemorrhagic strokes include bleeding in the brain, high blood pressure, aneurysm, blood-clotting problems, blood vessel inflammation, trauma, radiation, and blood vessel disorders





•  Treatment depends on the type of stroke•  Focus of treatment is restoring blood flow (ischemic), or controlling

bleeding (hemorrhagic) and treating symptoms



Ischemic:•  Blood-thinners•  Tissue Plasminogen Activator

injection (TPA)•  Clot removal•  Medicine delivered by catheter

to the brain

•  Plaque removal from carotid arteries

•  Stents and angioplasty •  Thrombolysis



Hemorrhagic:•  Counteract blood-thinners•  Surgery to repair blood vessels•  Recovery and Rehabilitation





•  Alternative methods include mind body medicine (meditation, guided imagery), bodywork (massage, yoga), acupuncture, exercise, homeopathy, herbal therapy, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and aromatherapy



•  Avoid foods high in cholesterol, refined sugar, and salt •  Avoid alcohol and tobacco•  Increase whole grains, healthy fats, plant foods, and mild spices

such as garlic, ginger, and turmeric



•  Knowing and controlling your risk factors•  Managing high blood pressure/cholesterol/diabetes•  Quitting smoking•  Regular exercise•  Avoiding drugs and alcohol•  Treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) if needed•  If at high risk, take preventative medicine (anti-platelet/

anticoagulants)





•  Eat a plant-based diet•  Avoid diets high in red meats and saturated fats, salt, and sugar•  Increase antioxidants, B Vitamins, potassium, and healthy fats


RESPIRATORY DISEASES


WHAT IS IT?

•  Includes conditions that affect the organs and tissues of the lungs and respiratory system

•  May lead to difficulty breathing, lack of oxygen, and buildup of carbon dioxide

•  Can be either mild (common cold) or severe (pneumonia)•  May be classified by the area that is affected, the signs and

symptoms presented, or the cause




TYPES

•  There are many types of respiratory diseases


TYPES

Respiratory diseases that affect the airways include:•  Asthma - Characterized by inflamed airways causing shortness of breath •  Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD ) - Difficulty taking

normal breaths•  Cystic Fibrosis - Inability to clear mucous from pathways•  Bronchitis - Viral infection of the airway leading to chronic cough•  Emphysema - Characterized by air getting trapped in the lungs•  Common Cold - Viral infection caused by the coronavirus or rhinovirus•  Flu - Very contagious infection caused be the influenza virus


TYPES

Respiratory diseases that affect the air sacs (alveoli) include:•  Pneumonia - A bacterial infection of the alveoli•  Tuberculosis - A form of pneumonia, caused by the bacteria

Mycobacterium tuberculosis•  Lung cancer - May develop anywhere in the lungs•  Pulmonary Edema - Characterized by fluid leaking out of the blood vessels

into the alveoli•  Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) - Extreme and sudden

injury to the lungs due to an infection




TYPES

Respiratory diseases that affect the blood vessels include:•  Pulmonary Hypertension - Increased blood pressure in the pulmonary

arteries•  Pulmonary Embolism - Caused by a blood clot from the body that makes

its way to the heart, then to the lungs


TYPES

Respiratory diseases that affect the lining of the lungs (pleura) include:•  Pneumothorax - When air enters the area between the lung and chest wall

causing the lung to collapse•  Pleural Effusion - When fluid builds up between the lung and chest wall

due to pneumonia or heat failure•  Mesothelioma - Cancer of the pleura usually caused by asbestos exposure


TYPES

Respiratory diseases that affect the chest wall include:•  Neuromuscular Disorders - Conditions that involve decreased function of

the nerves that control the respiratory muscles •  Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome - Difficulty breathing due to excess

body weight




RISK FACTORS

There are several uncontrollable risk factors including:•  Age•  Family history•  Toxin exposure•  Second hand smoke exposure•  Allergies


RISK FACTORS

There are several controllable risk factors including:•  Smoking•  Lack of exercise•  Toxin/chemical exposure•  Uncontrolled chronic disease•  Obesity•  Poor diet•  Allergies


CAUSES

•  Respiratory diseases have many different causes including obstruction, restriction, inflammation, fluid buildup, infection, congenital defects, and injury or trauma





•  Treatment depends on the type of respiratory disease•  Focus of treatment is to restore normal breathing and treat

symptoms



•  Quick relief medications•  Long-term prescriptions•  Inhalers•  Surgery•  Breathing machines•  Humidifiers•  Oxygen administration•  Transplants



•  Acupuncture•  Breathing exercises•  Exercise•  Herbal therapy•  Homeopathy•  Inspiratory muscle training•  Massage and chiropractic treatment•  Adequate rest





•  Vitamins/Supplements•  Honey has antibacterial properties•  Onion helps to thin mucous•  Lemons have antibacterial and decongestant properties•  Proper hydration•  Avoid inflammatory foods



•  Avoid smoking and second hand smoke•  Wear protective mask in industrial situations•  Regular exercise•  Deep breathing techniques•  Avoid toxin exposure•  Good personal hygiene habits•  Use a good air purifier



•  Be aware of food allergies•  Avoid nutrient deficiencies•  Stay hydrated•  Increase antioxidants•  Eat anti-inflammatory foods•  Avoid toxins in foods




THYROID PROBLEMS AND DIEASES


WHAT IS IT?

•  The thyroid gland is located in the neck and produces thyroid hormones

•  These hormones are responsible for many body processes including regulating the metabolism and body temperature

•  Abnormal production of thyroid hormones may result in problems and diseases of the thyroid

•  Problems may range from mild to severe


TYPES

Hyperthyroidism: •  Characterized by too much thyroid hormone in the body•  Also referred to as overactive thyroid•  May or may not cause symptoms•  These include weight loss, nervousness, moodiness, increased

heart rate, and sweating




TYPES

Hypothyroidism: •  Characterized by not enough thyroid hormone in the body•  Also referred to as underactive thyroid•  More common in women than men•  Cause the body to “slow down, ” leading to decreased heart rate,

sensitivity to cold, and constipation


TYPES

Goiter:•  An abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland•  May or may not be symptomatic depending on size•  May or may not be visible•  May be caused by hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism•  Iodine deficiency is another common cause


TYPES

Thyroid Cancer:•  Malignant nodule formation in the thyroid gland•  Occurs only 10% of the time nodules are present




RISK FACTORS

•  Gender (Women more than men)

•  Age (Over 50)•  Personal history of thyroid

problems •  Family History•  Thyroid surgery or removal

(hypothyroidism)•  Smoking

•  Radioactive Iodine Treatment (RAI)

•  Pregnancy and Post-partum•  Excess or Deficient Iodine•  Certain medications/treatments•  Stress•  Radiation Exposure


CAUSES

•  Overproduction of thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism)•  Underproduction or inadequate amount of thyroid hormone

(hypothyroidism)



•  Treatment depends on the type of thyroid problem•  Focus of treatment is rebalancing thyroid hormones and treating

symptoms





•  Synthetic Thyroid Medications•  Animal Derived Glandular Medication (pig thyroid)•  Surgery•  Radioactive Iodine Treatment•  High-Intensity Ultrasound Beam Technology - For nodules



•  Nutritional Supplements•  Herbal Therapy•  Natural Hormones•  Dietary Changes•  Yoga•  Iodine Supplementation •  Traditional Chinese Medicine



•  High intake of goitrogenic foods (broccoli, cabbage, soy, and millet) should be avoided for those with hypothyroid conditions

•  Avoid artificial sugars, foods with added hormones, and nutrient deficiencies

•  Increase sea vegetables and essential fatty acids•  Important nutrients include B vitamins, Vitamins A, C, D, & E,

selenium, zinc, copper, and iron





•  Avoid soy, excess or deficient iodine, excess gluten, and fluoride •  Nutrients that support thyroid function include B vitamins, Vitamins

A, C, D, & E, selenium, zinc, copper, and iron



•  Be aware of food allergies•  Avoid nutrient deficiencies•  Stay hydrated•  Increase antioxidants•  Eat anti-inflammatory foods•  Avoid toxins in foods


END OF SCIENCE MODULE 7

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