Copyright Progressive Business Publications First Aid.

Copyright Progressive Business Publications

First Aid


Why Learn First Aid?

Each year there are:– 10,000 fatalities on the job – 5.5 million non-fatal worker-related injuries

Prompt care can mean the difference between:– Life and death– Minor and debilitating injuries– Temporary and permanent injuries– Quick and prolonged recoveries


Be Prepared

Know locations of first aid kits

Know local emergency numbers– Ambulance, fire, police,

poison control Know designated

first responders Know associates certified in CPR Be ready to help


First Aid Kits

Contents:– 1 absorbent compress– 16 adhesive bandages– 1 adhesive tape– 10 antiseptic application– 6 burn application– 2 medical exam gloves– 4 sterile pads– 1 triangular bandage


Responding to an Emergency: General Rules

Rule #1: Keep calm Assess the situation

– Who requires help?– Have hazards been

controlled? Alert medical assistance

– Know local emergency phone numbers

Keep the victim calm Notify supervisor


Assess the Status of the Victim

Is victim conscious? Are airways blocked? Is victim breathing? Does victim have

a pulse? Is victim bleeding? Are there secondary injuries?

– Broken bones, dislocations or sprains, back or spinal injuries


Rescue Breathing

Place person on back Open airway by tilting head back Clear mouth and throat of obstructions Pinch nose and seal your lips tight around

victim’s mouth Give 2 full breaths for 1 to 1 1/2 seconds each Give 1 breath every 5 seconds Check pulse


Bleeding

Do not touch blood with bare hands– Use gloves or other personal protective equipment

Control the bleeding by– Putting direct pressure on the wound– Elevating the wound above the heart– Using pressure points if needed

Use a tourniquet only as a last resort:– Can risk permanent tissue damage leading

to amputation


Saving Limbs or Fingers

Recover the severed part Rinse severed part in clean water Wrap in moist towel Place in clean plastic bag and seal Cool by resting on ice

– Never allow direct contact with ice– Never place in freezer

Be sure package transported to medical facility where victim was taken


Shock

Can be life threateningand result in death

Symptoms: cold sweat,weakness, irregular breathing, chills, pale orbluish lips, confusion, nausea and vomiting

Treatment:– Have victim lie down with legs elevated– Cover with blanket or clothes to keep warm– No food or drink– Get medical help


Poisoning

Signs: stains on skin or clothes, unusual odors, open containers, convulsions, sweating, confusion, pin-point pupils, difficulty breathing

Get victim away from poison as necessary Attempt to identify source

– Check label or MSDS for instructions For eyes: Flush with water for 15 minutes Gas: Remove victim from area Skin: Remove clothing and flush area with water Notify poison control center and 911


Burns

Remove clothing– If stuck to burn, leave it

Hold burned area under running water for 15 minutes

Do not apply ointmnets or creams

Bandage with a clean, dry cloth Do not pop blisters For severe burns call for medical help


Electric Shock

Stay clear until electrical contact is broken– Switch off source of

electricity if possibe Check to see if

– Victim is breathing– Victim has pulse

Keep vicitm lying down Keep victim warm Call for emergency help


Eye Injuries

Know where nearest eyewash station or source of running water is located

For contact with chemicals: Flush with running water for 15 minutes

For cuts or punctures of the eye– Bandage the eye lightly– Do not remove embedded object– See physician immediately

Particles in eyes: Lift upper eyelid out toward lower lid

Blow to the eye: Cold compress


Head Injuries

Can result in a concussion or brain injuries Symptoms: difficulty speaking, headache,

unequal size pupils, pale skin.– If brain injury: clear or redish fluid draining from

ears, nose or mouth, or paraylsis. Keep victim lying down Apply ice Be sure vicitm is breathing Do not give liquids to drink


Heat Exhuastion and Heat Stroke

Heat Exhaustion– Symptoms: excessive fatigue, dizziness, confusion– Move to cool area and give plenty of liquids

Heat Stroke– Symptoms: flushed skin, lack of perspiration,

confusion, rapid pulse, high body temperature– Move to cool area– Put in cool water, sponge skin or wrap in cool wet

clothes, and fan the victim– Give plenty of liquids


Hypothermia

Can result in death if not treated

Symptoms: uncontrollableshivering, dizziness, slurredspeech, slowed pulse

Treatment– Take victim to sheltered area– Raise body temperature slowly– Remove clothes and replace with warm dry clothes– Wrap victim in blanket– Give warm liquids to drink


Fractures

Simple fracture: does notpierce through skin– Immobilize area– Apply splint

Compound fracture: pierces through the skin– Control bleeding– Cover injured area – Immobilize area– Apply splint


Moving an Injured Victim

Never attempt to move an injured victim– Exceptions: situations where victim faces more

danger if left in position Move by dragging:

– Underneath shoulders or by feet– By clothes near neck or shoulders– After placing on blanket

If spinal or back injury is suspected:– Drag in direction of spine or– Place firm board underneath victim and carry


Choking

If victim is conscious– Stand behind victim, grasp hands across abdomen

above navel and make fist – Make quick upward thrusts until item is dislodged

If victim becomes unconscious– Lay victim on back– Check airway for obstructions and remove

– Begin rescue breathing– If necessary, straddle victim and perform

abdominal thrusts


Fainting

Prior to losing consciousness: victim complains of lightheadness, weakness, nausea, and has pale and clammy skin

If a person begins to feel faint, have them sit down, lean forward and lower head toward knees

Treatment:– Keep vicitm lying on back with legs elevated– Loosen any tight clothing and apply cool damp cloths

to face or neck Do not allow victim to rise until you question him

Copyright Progressive Business Publications First Aid.

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