COPYRIGHT: LEGAL AND CULTURAL...

COPYRIGHT LEGAL AND CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES

INF 390N2

Unique Number 27575

Dr Philip DotySchool of Information

University of Texas at Austin

Spring 2009

Class time Thursday 100 ndash 400 PM

Place SZB 464

Office SZB 570

Office hrsWednesday 100 ndash 200 PM

By appointment other times

Telephone 5124713746 ndash direct line5124712742 ndash iSchool receptionist5124713821 ndash main iSchool office

Internet pdotyischoolutexaseduhttpwwwischoolutexasedu~pdotyindexhtm

Class URL httpcoursesischoolutexaseduDoty_Philip2009springINF390N2

TA Sarah Kimsrhkimgmailcom

Office hours Tuesday 1000 AM ndash 1200 NFAC (Flawn Academic Center) 325

By appointment other times

Copyright ndash Philip Doty University of Texas at Austin December 2008 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 3

Expectations of studentsrsquo performance 4

Analysis and holism 5

Standards for written work 6

Some editing conventions for studentsrsquo papers 10

Grading 11

Texts and other tools 12

List of assignments 13

Schedule 14

Assignments 17

Suggestions for writing policy analysis 20

References 23

References in the schedule and assignments 23Selected other court cases 26Selected additional readings [papers chapters monographs] 27

Selected law reviews and journals of special interest to copyright 38Governmental and commercial serial sources of government

information 39Journals and other serial sources on information policy and

government information 39Newspapers 41Other online sources 41


INTRODUCTION

Copyright Legal and Cultural Perspectives (INF 390N2) examines copyright from a number of disciplinary points of view These include legal studies cultural history information studies political and social history literary studies anthropology cultural studies public policy science and technology studies and other disciplines We will use these multiple disciplines and their literatures to investigate how copyright in the United States has evolved The cultural commons ideologies of property and protection shared cultural production considering natural rights ldquovsrdquo social bargainstatutory arguments for copyright and identifying and protecting the public interest in information will be major themes of the semesterrsquos work

The course has no prerequisites and is available to graduate students from all departments and schools

The course will closely examine long-standing as well as current controversies in the ownership of so-called ldquointellectual propertyrdquo aiming to prepare students to be competent practitioners in their professions to be informed citizens and to be well read in the field Students will also develop strategies for professional and personal political action

The course as its title indicates weaves together the study of the law of copyright with the study of cultural categories such as the ldquoauthorrdquo ldquothe workrdquo ldquopropertyrdquo and ldquocreationrdquo More specifically the course will

Consider Enlightenment assumptions about creation knowledge and social life Review important court cases in copyright Investigate the history of the concepts of the personal author and the ldquounitary

workrdquo Examine appropriate statutes and major international copyright conventions Explore the replacement of public law (copyright) by private law (contract and

licensing) Examine the replacement of first sale and ownership by licensing and leasing Consider how copyright privacy and free speech are related Investigate how the international context for copyright figures into its evolution

organizations such as the World Intellectual Property Organization and the World Trade Organization are especially important here

Explore the implications of the European Unionrsquos moves to copyright databases of ldquofactsrdquo

Help students engage papers in law reviews legal journals and other sources Theorize the public domain as a major source of creativity and (shared) cultural

expression Explore ideologies of property especially ldquointellectual propertyrdquo Consider how identity cultural creation and property are intermingled in both

the creation and use of copyrighted works Give students practice in the application of the law to particular circumstances Consider the strengths and weaknesses of various disciplinary perspectives on

copyright cultural production and property Demonstrate how law evolves and is different across jurisdictions Explore the concept of vicarious liability

Among our goals this semester will be to make it clear that well-informed people often disagree about copyright in a number of ways eg what the public interest in copyrighted works may be what reasonable behaviors related to copyright might


be how best to encourage the creation and distribution of creative works what the breadth and character of the public domain are and what reasonable interpretations of the law may be


EXPECTATIONS OF STUDENTSrsquo PERFORMANCE

Students are expected to be involved creative and vigorous participants in class discussions and in the overall conduct of the class In addition students are expected to

bull Attend all class sessions if a student misses a class it is her responsibility to arrange with another student to obtain all notes handouts and assignment sheets

bull Read all material prior to class students are expected to use the course readings to inform their classroom participation and their writing Students must learn to integrate what they read with what they say and write This last imperative is essential to the development of professional expertise and to the development of a collegial professional persona

bull Educate themselves and their peers Successful completion of graduate academic programs and participation in professional life depend upon a willingness to demonstrate initiative and creativity Participation in the professional and personal growth of colleagues is essential to onersquos own success as well as theirs Such collegiality is at the heart of scholarship so some assignments are designed to encourage collaboration

Spend at least 3-4 hours in preparation for each hour in the classroom therefore a 3-credit graduate hour course requires a minimum of 10-12 hours per week of work outside the classroom

bull Participate in all class discussions

bull Complete all assignments on time late assignments will not be accepted except in the particular circumstances noted below Failure to complete any assignment on time will result in a failing grade for the course

bull Be responsible with collective property especially books and other material on reserve

bull Ask for help from the instructor or the teaching assistant either in class during office hours on the telephone through email or in any other appropriate way Email is especially appropriate for information questions but the instructor limits access to email outside the office Unless there are compelling privacy concerns it is always wise to send a copy of any email intended for the instructor to the TA as well she has access to email more regularly

Academic dishonesty such as plagiarism cheating or academic fraud will not be tolerated and will incur severe penalties including failure for the course If there is concern about behavior that may be academically dishonest consult the instructor Students should refer to the UT General Information Bulletin Appendix C Sections 11-304 and 11-802 and Texas is the Best HONESTLY (1988) by the Cabinet of College Councils and the Office of the Dean of Students

The instructor is happy to provide all appropriate accommodations for students with documented disabilities The Universityrsquos Office of the Dean of Students at


4716259 4714641 TTY can provide further information and referrals as necessary


ANALYSIS AND HOLISM IN READING WRITING AND PRESENTING

Students in this class must be analytic in their reading of others work in their own writing and in their presentations What follows are suggestions for developing analytic and critical methods of thinking and communication These suggestions are also indications of what you should expect from the writing and speaking of others

Please remember that a holistic integrative understanding of context must always complement depth of analysis

First and foremost maximize clarity ndash be clear but not simplistic or patronizing

Remember that writing is a form of thinking not just a medium to display the results of thinking make your thinking engaging reflective and clear

Provide enough context for your remarks that your audience can understand them but not so much that your audiences attention or comprehension is lost

Be specific

Avoid jargon undefined terms undefined acronyms colloquialisms clicheacutes and vague language

Give examples

Be critical not dismissive of others work be skeptical not cynical

Answer the difficult but important how why and ldquoso whatrdquo questions

Support assertions with evidence

Make explicit why evidence used to support an assertion does so

Identify and explore the specific practical social and intellectual implications of courses of action

Be evaluative Synthesize and internalize existing knowledge without losing your own critical point of view

Identify the specific criteria against which others work and options for action will be assessed

See the Standards for Written Work and the assignment descriptions in this syllabus for further explanations and examples


STANDARDS FOR WRITTEN WORK

You will be expected to meet professional standards of maturity clarity grammar spelling and organization in your written work for this class and to that end I offer the following remarks Review these standards both before and after writing I use them to evaluate your work

Every writer is faced with the problem of not knowing what her audience knows about the topic at hand therefore effective communication depends upon maximizing clarity As Wolcott reminds us in Writing Up Qualitative Research (1990 p 47) Address the many who do not know not the few who do It is also important to remember that clarity of ideas clarity of language and clarity of syntax are mutually reinforcing

Good writing makes for good thinking and vice versa Recall that writing is a form of inquiry a way to think not a reflection of some supposed static thought ldquoinrdquo the mind Theodore Dreiserrsquos Sister Carrie shows how this process of composition and thought works (1994 p 144)

Hurstwood surprised himself with his fluency By the natural law which governs all effort what he wrote reacted upon him He began to feel those subtleties which he could find words to express With every word came increased conception Those inmost breathings which thus found words took hold upon him

We need not adopt Dreiserrsquos breathless metaphysics or naturalism to understand the point

All written work for the class must be done on a word-processor and double-spaced with 1 margins all the way around and in either 10 or 12 pt font

Some writing assignments will demand the use of notes (either footnotes or endnotes) and references It is particularly important in professional schools such as the School of Information that notes and references are impeccably done Please use APA (American Psychological Association) standards There are other standard bibliographic and note formats for example in engineering and law but social scientists and a growing number of humanists use APA Familiarity with standard formats is essential for understanding others work and for preparing submissions to journals funding agencies professional conferences and the like You may also want to consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001 5th ed)

Do not use a general dictionary or encyclopedia for defining terms in graduate school or in professional writing If you want to use a reference source to define a term use a specialized dictionary such as The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Philosophy or subject-specific encyclopedia eg the International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences The best alternative however is having an understanding of the literature related to the term sufficient to provide a definition in the context of that literature

Use a standard spell checker but be aware that spell checking dictionaries have systematic weaknesses they exclude most proper nouns eg personal and place names they omit most technical terms they omit most foreign words and phrases and they cannot identify the error in using homophones eg writing there instead of theirrdquo or in writing the instead of them


It is imperative that you proofread your work thoroughly and be precise in editing it It is often helpful to have someone else read your writing to eliminate errors and to increase clarity Finally each assignment should be handed in with a title page containing your full name the date the title of the assignment and the class number (INF 390N2) If you have any questions about these standards I will be pleased to discuss them with you at any time

Remember every assignment must include a title page with

bull The title of the assignmentbull Your namebull The datebull The class number ndash INF 390N2

Since the production of professional-level written work is one of the aims of the class I will read and edit your work as the editor of a professional journal or the moderator of a technical session at a professional conference would The reminders below will help you prepare professional written work appropriate to any situation Note the asterisked errors in s 3 4 9 11 12 15 16 19 21 and 25 (some have more than one error)

1 Staple all papers for this class in the upper left-hand corner Do not use covers binders or other means of keeping the pages together

2 Number all pages after the title page Notes and references do not count against page limits

3 Use formal academic prose Avoid colloquial language you know It is essential in graduate work and in professional communication to avoid failures in diction ndash be serious and academic when called for be informal and relaxed when called for and be everything in between as necessary For this course avoid words and phrases such as agenda problem with deal with handle window of goes into broken down into viable and option

4 Avoid clicheacutes They are vague fail to push the envelope and do not provide relevant input

5 Avoid computer technospeak like input feedback or processing information except when using such terms in specific technical ways

6 Avoid using ldquocontentrdquo as a noun

7 Do not use the term relevant except in its information retrieval sense Ordinarily it is a colloquial clicheacute but it also has a strict technical meaning in information studies

8 Do not use quality as an adjective it is vague clicheacute and colloquial Instead use high-quality excellent superior or whatever more formal phrase you deem appropriate

9 Study the APA style convention for the proper use of ellipsis

10 Avoid using the terms objective and subjective in their evidentiary senses these terms entail major philosophical epistemological controversy Avoid terms such as facts factual proven and related constructions for similar reasons


11 Avoid contractions Dont use them in formal writing

12 Be circumspect in using the term this especially in the beginning of a sentence THIS is often a problem because the referent is unclear Pay strict attention to providing clear referents for all pronouns Especially ensure that pronouns and their referents agree in number eg each person went to their home is a poor construction because each issingular as is the noun person while their is a plural form Therefore either the referent or the pronoun must change in number

13 If ordinarily takes the subjunctive mood eg If he were [not was] only taller

CONTINUED

14 Put only in its appropriate place near the word it modifies For example it is appropriate in spoken English to say that he only goes to Antones when you mean that the only place he frequents is Antones In written English however the sentence should read he goes only to Antones

15 Do not confuse possessive plural or contracted forms especially of pronouns Its bad

16 Do not confuse affecteffect complimentcomplement or principleprincipal Readers will not complement your work or its principle affect on them

17 Avoid misplaced modifiers eg it is inappropriate to write the following sentence As someone interested in the history of Mesoamerica it was important for me to attend the lecture The sentence is inappropriate because the phrase As someone interested in the history of Mesoamerica is meant to modify the next immediate word which should then obviously be both a person and the subject of the sentence It should modify the word I by preceding it immediately One good alternative for the sentence is As someone interested in the history of Mesoamerica I was especially eager to attend the lecture

18 Avoid use of valid parameter bias reliability and paradigm except in limited technical ways These are important research terms and should be used with precision

19 Remember that the words data media criteria strata and phenomena are all PLURAL forms They TAKES plural verbs If you use any of these plural forms in a singular construction eg the data is you will make the instructor very unhappy -(

20 Number many and fewer are used with plural nouns (a number of horses many horses and fewer horses) ldquoAmount much and less are used with singular nouns (an amount of hydrogen much hydrogen and less hydrogen) Another useful way to make this distinction is to recall that many is used for countable nouns while much is used for uncountable nouns

21 The passive voice should generally not be used


22 Between is used with two alternatives while among is used with three or more

23 Generally avoid the use of honorifics such as Mister Doctor Ms and so on when referring to persons in your writing especially when citing their written work Use last names and dates as appropriate in APA

24 There is no generally accepted standard for citing electronic resources If you cite them give an indication as specifically as possible of

- responsibility (who)- title (what)- date of creation (when)- date viewed (when)- place to find the source (where how)

See the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001 5th ed pp 213-214 231 and 268-281) for a discussion of citing electronic material and useful examples Also see Web Extension to American Psychological Association Style (WEAPAS) at httpwwwbeadslandcomweapasSCRIBE for more guidance

25 PROFREAD PROOFREED PROOOFREAD

26 Citation quotation and reference are nouns cite quote and refer to are verbs

CONTINUED

27 Use double quotation marks (ldquoabcrdquo) not single quotation marks (lsquoxyzrsquo) as a matter of course Single quotation marks are to be used to indicate quotations within quotations

28 Provide a specific page number for all direct quotations If the quotation is from a Web page or other digital source provide at least the paragraph number andor other directional cues eg ldquo(Davis 1993 section II para 4)rdquo

29 In ordinary American English as ne because

30 Use about instead of the tortured locution as to

31 In much of social science and humanistic study the term issue is used in a technical way to identify sources of public controversy or dissensus Please use the term to refer to topics about which there is substantial public disagreement NOT synonymously with general terms such as area topic or the like

32 On a related note avoid the locution of ldquopublic debaterdquo Such a locution makes a series of faulty assumptions

- It presumes that a public policy issue has only two ldquosidesrdquo There are usually three or four or more perspectives on any topic of public dissensus that merit consideration ldquoDebaterdquo hides this complexity

- ldquoDebaterdquo implies that one ldquosiderdquo and only one ldquosiderdquo can be correct that presumption ignores the fact that the many perspectives on a public policy issue have contributions to make to its resolution


- ldquoDebaterdquo implies that there can be and will be one and only one ldquowinnerrdquo This presumption naively ignores the fact that some public policy issues are intractable that these issues are often emergent as are their resolutions and that compromise is success rather than failure or ldquosurrenderrdquo

33 Please do not start a sentence or any independent clause with ldquohoweverrdquo

34 Avoid the use of ldquoetcrdquo ndash it is awkward colloquial and vague

35 Do not use the term ldquosubjectsrdquo to describe research participants ldquoRespondentsrdquo ldquoparticipantsrdquo and ldquoinformantsrdquo are preferred and have been for decades

36 Do not use notes unless absolutely necessary but if you must use them use endnotes not footnotes

37 Please adhere to these orthographic (spelling) conventions

- Web with a capital ldquoWrdquo- Web site two words with a capital ldquoWrdquo- Internet with a capital ldquoIrdquo to indicate the TCPIP-compliant computer network

with a shared address convention Otherwise internet with a lower-case ldquoirdquo simply means any of the many millions of networks of networks

SOME EDITING CONVENTIONS FOR STUDENTSrsquo PAPERS

Symbol Meaning

number OR insert a space context will help you decipher its meaning

AWK awkward and usually compromises clarity as well

BLOCK make into a block quotation without external quotation marks do so with quotations ge 4 lines

caps capitalize

COLLOQ colloquial and to be avoided

dB database

FRAG sentence fragment often that means that the verb andor subject of the sentence is missing

ITAL italicize

j journal

lc make into lower case

libship librarianship

org orgrsquol organization organizational


PL plural

Q question

Qrsquonaire questionnaire

REF what is the referent of this pronoun to what or whom does it refer

RQ research question

sp spelling

SING singular

w with

wc word choice

I also use check marks to indicate that the writer has made an especially good point Wavy lines indicate that usage or reasoning is suspect

GRADING

Grades for this class include

A+ Extraordinarily high achievement not recognized by the UniversityA Superior 400A- Excellent 367B+ Good 333B Satisfactory 300B- Barely satisfactory 267C+ Unsatisfactory 233C Unsatisfactory 200C- Unsatisfactory 167F Unacceptable and failing 000

See the memorandum from former Dean Brooke Sheldon dated August 13 1991 and the notice in the School of Information student orientation packet for explanations of this system Consult the iSchool Web site (httpwwwischoolutexaseduprogramsgeneral_infophp) and the Graduate School Catalogue (eg httpregistrarutexaseducatalogsgrad07-09ch01ch01agradhtmlThe-Nature-and-Purpose-of-Graduate-Work and httpregistrarutexaseducatalogsgrad07-09ch01ch01bgradhtmlStudent-Responsibility) for more on standards of work While the University does not accept the grade of A+ the instructor may assign the grade to students whose work is extraordinary

The grade of B signals acceptable satisfactory performance in graduate school The instructor reserves the grade of A for students who demonstrate not only a command of the concepts and techniques discussed but also an ability to synthesize


and integrate them in a professional manner and communicate them effectively successfully informing the work of other students

The grade of incomplete (X) is reserved for students in extraordinary circumstances and must be negotiated with the instructor before the end of the semester See the former Deans memorandum of August 13 1991 available from the main iSchool office

I use points to evaluate assignments not letter grades Points on any assignment are determined using an arithmetic ndash not a proportional ndash algorithm For example 1420 points on an assignment does NOT translate to 70 of the credit or a D Instead 1420 points is roughly equivalent to a B If any students semester point total ge 90 (is equal to or greater than 90) then she will have earned an A of some kind If the semester point total ge 80 then she will have earned at least a B of some kind Whether these are A+ A A- B+ B or B- depends upon the comparison of point totals for all students For example if a student earns a total of 90 points and the highest point total in the class is 98 the student would earn an A- If on the other hand a student earns 90 points and the highest point total in the class is 91 then the student would earn an A This system will be further explained throughout the semester

TEXTS AND OTHER TOOLS

There are five required texts for this class and they are available at the Co-op on Guadalupe

Boyle James (1996) Shamans software amp spleens Law and the construction of the information society Cambridge MA Harvard University Press

Boyle James (2008) The public domain Enclosing the commons of the mind New Haven CT Yale University

Goldstein Paul (2003) Copyrightrsquos highway From Gutenberg to the celestial jukebox (rev ed) Stanford CA Stanford University

Gillespie Tarleton (2007) Wired shut Copyright and the shape of digital culture Cambridge MA MIT

Litman Jessica (2001) Digital copyright Amherst NY Prometheus Books

There are seven recommended texts

Boyle James (Ed) (2003a) Collected papers Duke conference on the public domain Durham NC Center for the Public Domain [A special issue of Law and Contemporary Problems 66(1-2) 1-483] Also available at httpwwwlawdukeedujournalslcp

Hess Charlotte amp Ostrom Elinor (Eds) (2007b) Understanding knowledge as a commons From theory to practice Cambridge MA MIT Press

Lessig Lawrence (2001) The future of ideas The fate of the commons in a connected world New York Random House


Lessig Lawrence (2004b) Free culture How big media uses [sic] technology and the law to lock down culture and control creativity New York Penguin

Russell Carrie (2004) Complete copyright An everyday guide for librarians Washington DC American Library Association Office for Information Technology Policy

Vaidhyanathan Siva (2001) Copyrights and copywrongs The rise of intellectual property and how it threatens creativity New York New York University Press

Vaidhyanathan Siva (2004) The anarchist in the library How the clash between freedom and control is hacking the real world and crashing the system New York Basic Books

The course Web site Blackboard and direct email messages will inform students of changes in the schedule and assignments By the second class please subscribe to three lists

Coalition for Networked Information copyright list now owned by Peter Jaszi httprosterwclamericaneducgi-binwaexeA0=PIJIP-COPYRIGHTampX=5D71B90996102E1081ampY=mpalmedo40wclamericaneduThe archives through February 2007 live at httpwww3wclamericaneducni

Politech httppolitechbotcommailmanlistinfopolitech

Digital Copyright Digest httpwwwumucedudistanceodellciplistservhtml[send subscription message to digital-copyright-digest-subscribelistsumucedu]

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS

The instructor will provide additional information about each assignment Written assignments are to be word-processed and double-spaced in 10- or 12-point font with 1 margins Assignments are due in class unless otherwise specified

Assignment Date Due Percent of Grade

In-class preparation and participation ----- 15

Paper on Boyle (1996 and 2008) (3-4 pp) FEB 1210

Case ldquobriefrdquo and discussion questions (4-5 pp) MAR 5 10

Paper on Feist and fair use (3-5 pp) MAR 12 15

Leading in-class discussion GROUP MAR 26 15APR 2

Identification and approval of topic for final paper MAR 26 ---


Choice of classmatersquos paper to review APR 16---

Draft of final paper (ge10 pp) APR 23---

Peer review of classmatersquos draft (3-4 pp) APR 3010

In-class presentation APR 23 30 ---

Final paper (15-20 pp) THU MAY 14 251200 N in SZB 564

All assignments must be handed in on time and the instructor reserves the right to issue a course grade of F if any assignment is not completed Late assignments will be accepted only if

1 At least 24 hours before the date due the instructor gives explicit permission to the student to hand the assignment in late

2 At the same time a specific date and time are agreed upon for the late submission

3 The assignment is then submitted on or before the agreed-upon date and time

The first criterion can be met only in the most serious of health family or personal situations

All of your assignments should adhere to the standards for written work should be clear succinct and specific and should be explicitly grounded in the readings class discussions and other sources as appropriate You will find it particularly useful to write multiple drafts of your papers

SCHEDULE

This schedule is tentative and may be adjusted as the class progresses GRP indicates a group assignment and AS indicates additional sources CD indicates that a document can be found in the Course Documents section of the class Blackboard site The various court cases and portions of the US Code can be found online

DATE TOPICS ASSIGNMENTS AND READINGS

JAN 22 Introduction to the course and review of the syllabusIntroduction to the concept of ldquointellectual propertyrdquo

ALISE The exclusive rights of rights holdersExceptions to these exclusive rights

READ Boyle (2008) Chapters 1-5Litman (2001) Introduction Chapters 1 and 2Copyright Act (see US Copyright Office 2004) onlineCopyright Act sectsect 106 106A 107 108 109 110 121 (skim)


AS Miller amp Davis (1990 pp 323-339)

SUBSCRIBE CNI-COPYRIGHT-digestcniorgPolitechDigital Copyright Digest

JAN 29 READ Boyle (2008) 6-10Litman (2001) 3 4 and 5Rose (2002a) CDCopyright Act sectsect 104 104A (see US Copyright Office 2004)

online

AS Association of Research Libraries (ARL) (2002) [Timeline ] online

(US Congress) OTA (1986) Summary online

FEB 5 READ Boyle (1996) Preface 1 6 10 11

FEB 12 READ Boyle (1996) 3 4 5 13 Conclusion Appendix ALitman (2001) 3 4 5

bull Due Paper comparing Boyle (1996) and Boyle (2008) (10 3-5 pp)

FEB 19 READ Litman (2001) 6 7 8Goldstein (2003) 1 4 5

FEB 26 Margaret Radin on property and personhood

READ Radin (1982) onlineRadin (1987) onlineRadin (1993) CDFord (1995) online Pyle (1989) onlineEldred v Ashcroft 537 (2003) [read majority opinion + both

dissents]

bull In-class exercise informal case ldquobriefrdquo

MAR 5 Selected cases ndash fair use

READ American Geophysical Union v Texaco (1994) Feist v Rural Telephone (1991)Kelly v Arriba Corp (2003)Sony v Universal City Studios (1984)

bull DUE Case ldquobriefrdquo and discussion questions (10 4-5 pp)

MAR 12 Selected cases ndash vicarious liability


Considering the commons

READ AampM Records v Napster (2001)MGM v Grokster (2005)Bollier (2007) CDHardin (1968) onlineLessig (2004c) onlineLougee (2007) CD

AS Creative Commons (2004) onlineCarroll (2006) onlineHess amp Ostrom (2007a)

bull Due Paper on Feist and fair use (15 3-5 pp)

Mar 19 Spring Break No class

MAR 26 Student-led discussion ndash the construction of authorship (15) GRP

READ Barthes (1977) onlineFoucault (1984) CDJaszi (1994) CDJaszi amp Woodmansee (1994) CDRose (1988) onlineWoodmansee (1994) CD

bull Due Identification and approval of topic for final paper

APR 2 Student-led discussion ndash the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (15) GRP

READ review Boyle (2008) 5Goldstein (2003) 6Litman (2001) 9 10 11Copyright Act sectsect 1201 and 120217 USC 1201(2) ndash chart summarizing prohibitions of 1201 and

1202 CDLegislative history of the anti-circumvention provisions (nd)

onlineElectronic Frontier Foundation (2003) online

APR 9 READ Gillespie (2007) 1 2 3Litman (2007) online

APR 16 READ Gillespie (2007) 4 5 6

bull Due Choice of classmatersquos paper to review

APR 23 Paper presentations


bull Due Draft of final paper (ge10 pp)


bull Due Peer review of classmatersquos draft (10 3-4 pp)

MAY 7 Course evaluationSummary

READ Gillespie (2007) 8 9Goldstein (2003) 7Litman (2001) 12 13

AS Gillespie (2007) 7

THURSDAY MAY 14 1200 N in Dotyrsquos mailbox in SZB 564

bull Due Final paper (25 15-20 pp)


ASSIGNMENTS

Paper comparing Boyle (1996) and Boyle (2008) (10) ndash due FEB 12

This paper will allow you to compare Jamie Boylersquos books Shamans Software amp Spleens Law and the Construction of the Information Society (1996) and The Public Domain Enclosing the Commons of the Mind (2008) Please answer these questions in 3-4 double-spaced pages

The two books are decidedly different in tone and ldquoscholarlinessrdquo Which do you think is more successful in explaining the complexities of the environments in which we allow ldquointellectual propertyrdquo claims Why Be as specific as possible (1frac12 - 2 pp)

Other than tone and date in your opinion what is the major difference between the two books (1frac12 - 2 pp)

Address the two questions as specifically as possible and use any sources that help you make your argument

Case ldquobriefrdquo and discussion questions (10) ndash due MAR 5

We will be reading a number of legal opinions this semester Three of them are particularly important to the concept of fair use American Geophysical Union v Texaco (1994) Kelly v Arriba Corp (2003) and Sony v Universal City Studios (1984)

In preparation for class on Thursday March 5 each student will prepare a very informal brief related to one of the three cases and at least one discussion question for the class based on any of the three cases The instructor will assign the cases by lot and inform the students about the choices no later than February 19 two weeks before the assignment is due

Each brief will be 4-5 double-spaced pp and will have the following components often found in studentsrsquo legal briefs

Title Citation Facts of the case Issue Holding Reasoning Analysis

The Title Citation Facts of the Case the Issue and Holding should take 2 double-spaced pp or less the Reasoning 1 double-spaced p and your analysis 1-2 double-spaced pp You may want to see the assignment on Feist and fair use below for more ideas for this brief

We will use the briefs and your discussion questions along with the texts of the cases and additional material from our readings to structure our discussion in class

Paper on Feist (1991) and fair use (15) ndash due MAR 12


Each student will analyze what Feist v Rural Telephone 499 US 340 (1991) says and implies for the concept of fair use particularly in the context of what we might broadly call the conflict between conceptualizing copyright as a statutory right (a utilitarian argument) and conceptualizing copyright as a natural right (a property or sweat-of-the-brow argument)

What does the case say How and why is the case important for fair use What does the case imply if anything for the conflict between statutory and natural rights arguments for copyright including questions related to originality ldquosweat of the browrdquo analysis and the distinction between ideas and expression Use any and all of the course readings class discussion and other materials you find appropriate to engage these and other questions you regard as important

The analysis should be 3-5 double-spaced pp long Hand in two paper copies in class and post a copy of the analysis to the appropriate Blackboard forum by 800 AM Thursday March 12

Leading in-class discussion GROUP (15) ndash due MAR 26 (24) APR 2 (MAR 31)

Each student will self-select into one group to lead class discussions on these dates

March 26 The construction of authorship April 2 The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)

There are four elements of this assignment

Each team will prepare three or four questions to help facilitate the classroom discussion and these questions should be posted to the Blackboard site in the appropriate forum no later than 1200 N the Tuesday before class ie March 24 and March 31 Each team should work as a group to develop these questions and the other members of the class should check the forum before class to prepare for the discussion The discussion leaders should prepare a handout with the questions to distribute in class

The instructor will make a few comments (perhaps 10-15 minutesrsquo worth) before turning the class over to each team to lead the discussion for 90 minutes Each member of the team should assume roughly the same amount of leadership in the class no one should dominate the conversation Be prepared to run class for an hour and a half ndash for about an hour up to the break and then for another 30 minutes after the break The instructor will use the last 30 minutes to expand on the dayrsquos topic andor introduce new material

Each team should also distribute in class an annotated bibliography of ten (10) items that we have NOT read as a class and that are germane to the dayrsquos discussion The annotations should be about 3-4 sentences long and should be very specific about the sourcesrsquo value to the dayrsquos topic The team should distribute a paper copy of the annotated bibliography to each member of the class and give two paper copies to the instructor in class

The team should post the annotated bibliography in the appropriate Blackboard forum no later than 900 AM the day of class

The discussion questions and facilitating the discussion will be worth 5 of your grade while the annotated bibliography will be worth 10 of your grade All


members of the group will receive the same grade for both elements of the assignment The most important word of advice I can offer is to remind you to facilitate the discussion not monopolize it ndash get your classmates involved

Final paper and peer review of classmatersquos draft (35) ndash due APR 23 APR 30 MAY 14

Each student will choose one aspect of the copyright regime in the US to write about at length especially keeping in mind our legal and cultural emphases this semester The final paper should be 15-20 double-spaced pp

There are six deadlines for this assignment one of which is variable

Identification and approval of topic ndash due MAR 26

Each student must submit a topic for the final paper for approval of the instructor no later than March 26 Post a note to the appropriate forum in Blackboard so that the class can review them as well The topic can be related to the texts we have read cases we have reviewed or material we have not explicitly covered in our semesterrsquos work Useful sources for ideas include class readings and additional sources in the syllabus your own knowledge of copyright discussion with the instructor and your colleagues (both inside and outside of the class) reading ahead in the syllabus to identify upcoming topics the mass media Web and other Internet sources and the bibliographies of what you read

Do not limit your consideration of topics to those in the early part of the semester ndash the more initiative you take in identifying a topic of interest to you the better the final product will be

Choice of classmatersquos paper to review ndash due APR 16

No later than April 16 each student will choose to be a peer reviewer for another studentrsquos final paper While the choices will generally be on a first-come-first-served basis the instructor reserves the right to assign partners for appropriate reasons Students will notify the instructor by private email about their choices and will receive replies about them

Draft of final paper ndash due APR 23 ndash ge 10 pp

Each student will turn in two copies of a draft of the final paper on April 23 One copy will be for the peer reviewer one for the instructor This draft should be a minimum of 10 double-spaced pp with all the elements of the final paper including a one-page abstract

Peer review of classmatersquos draft (10) ndash due APR 30 ndash 3-4 pp

Each individual student will review another studentrsquos draft and submit two copies of a three- to four-page double-spaced critique of the paper one to the student who wrote the draft and one to the instructor Be specific in your critique -- what works in the draft What does not Why or why not What specific suggestions can you offer for improvement to the paper whether about the topic the argument definitions organization sources composition citations lay-out and so on Help your classmates improve their work ndash this


kind of review is a primary responsibility of professional life You might find useful the evaluative criteria specified in Dunn (1994) on p 22 of this syllabus

In-class presentation ndash (APR 2) APR 23 or APR 30

Each student will make a 20-minute oral presentation about the final paper While the presentation will be informal and ungraded you should plan to use visuals and handouts as appropriate both Windows and Mac computers will be available as will an Internet connection and a LitePro Each peer editor will act as first respondent to the presentation The dates for the presentations are April 23 or April 30 Please notify me of your preference for presentation dates no later than Thursday April 2

Final paper (25) ndash due MAY 14 1200 N in Dotyrsquos mailbox SZB 564 ndash 15-20 pp

This final paper of 15-20 double-spaced pp should consider any approved topic in copyright The paper should be both analytic and holistic and include a one-page abstract Remember to look at three sections in the syllabus (1) Analysis in Reading Writing and Presenting (2) Standards for Written Work and (3) Suggestions for Writing Policy Analysis

Although the paper need not follow the policy analytic models it should be informed by the systematic consideration of public conflicts that policy analysis provides Pertinent policy instruments stakeholders and recommendations to resolve conflicts are of particular import

Post your final paper to the appropriate forum in Blackboard no later than 1200 N May 14

AND

Put two paper copies of your final paper in Dotyrsquos mailbox in SZB 564 by 1200 N May 14


SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING POLICY ANALYSIS

This section of the syllabus offers three general interrelated models for doing policy analysis and then writing policy reports beyond that offered in Majchrzak (1984) You can use these to guide your own writing as your study of copyright and policy analysis progresses beyond this semester but they are also useful for evaluating the work of others Such evaluations are common in policy studies whether for critique literature review or formal peer review Policy analysts constantly review each otherrsquos work in a collegial but rigorous way

The first model is based on one developed by Charles R McClure with my own modifications added Particular analysts and topics may demand different approaches

bull Abstract

bull Introduction

Importance of specific topicDefinition of key termsKey stakeholdersKey policy areas needing analysis and resolution

bull Overview of current knowledge

Evaluative review of the literature about the topic including print and electronic sources

bull Existing policy related to the topic

The most important legislative judicial and regulatory policy instrumentsAmbiguities conflicts problems and contradictions related to the instruments

bull Key issues

Underlying assumptionsEffects on and roles of key stakeholdersConflicts among key valuesImplications of issues

bull Conclusions and recommendations

RecommendationsRationale for recommendationsImplications and possible outcomes of specific courses of action

bull References

APA styleAll sources cited in the paper


Bardach (2000) is the source for the second approach to doing policy analysis His book is entitled A Practical Guide for Policy Analysis The Eightfold Path to More Effective Problem Solving As such the first two thirds of his book focuses on this ldquoeightfold pathrdquo in a way reminiscent of Majchrzak (1984) Bardach identifies eight steps in policy analysis (using his words)

ldquoDefine the problem

Assemble some evidence

Construct the alternatives (for action)

Select the criteria

Project the outcomes

Confront the trade-offs

Decide

Tell your storyrdquo

Despite his somewhat misplaced emphasis on problem solving (see eg Schoumln 1993) and an implicit linearity he uses to characterize policy analysis his book is very useful for understanding the overwhelming importance of (1) narrative in the process of policy analysis (2) iteration in analysis and (3) clarity in argumentation Bardach also gives some important insights into the contributions of econometric analysis to policy studies

The third model is based primarily on the work of William Dunn with contributions from the work of Ray Rist on qualitative policy research methods Emery Roe on narrative policy analysis and Donald Schoumln on generative metaphor I avoid the rhetoric of problems and problem solving deliberately see eg Doty (2001)


Elements of the policy issue paper (adapted from Dunn 1994 with material from Rist 1994 Roe 1994 and Schoumln 1993)

Element Examples of Evaluative Criteria

Executive summary

Background of the issue or dilemma

Description of the social dilemma Outcomes of earlier efforts to address

the dilemma

Scope and severity of the conflict

Assessment of past policy efforts Significance of the conflict Need for analysis

Issue statement

Definition of the issue Major stakeholders Goals and objectives Measures of effectiveness Potential ldquosolutionsrdquo or new understandings

Policy alternatives

Description of alternatives Comparison of future outcomes Externalities Constraints and political feasibility

Policy recommendations

Criteria for recommending alternatives Descriptions of preferred alternative(s) Outline of implementation strategy Limitations and possible unanticipated

outcomes

References

Appendices

Are recommendations highlighted

Are all the important terms clearly defined

Are all appropriate dimensions describedAre prior efforts clearly assessed

Why is the social conflict importantWhat are the major assumptions and

questions to be considered

Is the issue clearly statedAre all major stakeholders identified and

prioritizedIs the approach to analysis clearly specifiedAre goals and objectives clearly specifiedAre major value conflicts identified and

described

Are alternatives compared in terms of costs and effectiveness

Are alternatives systematically compared in terms of political feasibility

Are all relevant criteria clearly specifiedIs a strategy for implementation clearly

specifiedAre there adequate provisions for

monitoring and evaluating policies particularly unintended consequences


REFERENCES

Many required readings are available online as indicated below and in the class schedule Some of the course readings are in the Course Documents section of Blackboard (CD)

Some of the readings on the other hand require you to be logged in with your UT EID through the UT libraries Those journals are usually available online for only part of their publication run further UT often has more than one arrangement through which to get these journals online so there may be more than one URL for each journal Feel free to explore the various online journal packages ndash the more familiar you are with such arrangements the better researcher you will be

I References in the schedule and assignments

AampM Records Inc v Napster Inc 239 F 3rd 1004 (9th Cir 2001) httpwwwlawcornelleducopyrightcases239_F3d_1004htm

American Geophysical Union v Texaco 60 F3d 913 (2d Cir 1994)httpwwwlawcornelleducopyrightcases60_F3d_913htm

Bardach Eugene (2000) A practical guide for policy analysis The eightfold path to more effective problem solving New York Chatham House

Barthes Roland (1977) Death of the author (Trans Stephen Heath) In Stephen Heath (Ed) Image music text (pp 142-148) New York Hill and Wang httpfacultysmuedudfostertheoryBartheshtm

Bollier David (2007) The growth of the commons paradigm In Charlotte Hess amp Elinor Ostrom (Eds) Understanding knowledge as a commons From theory to practice (pp 27-40) Cambridge MA MIT Press CD

Boyle James (1996) Shamans software amp spleens Law and the construction of the information society Cambridge MA Harvard University

Boyle James (Ed) (2003a) Collected papers Duke conference on the public domain Durham NC Center for the Public Domain [Also a special issue of Law and Contemporary Problems 66(1-2) 1-483] Also available at httpwwwlawdukeedujournalslcp


Doty Philip (2001) Policy analysis and networked information ldquoThere are eight million stories rdquo In Charles R McClure amp John Carlo Bertot (Eds) Evaluating networked information services Techniques policy and issues (pp 213-253) Medford NJ Information Today

Dunn William N (1994) Public policy analysis An introduction (2nd ed) Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice-Hall

Eldred v Ashcroft 537 US 186 (2003) [read majority + both dissents] httpsupctlawcornelledusupcthtml01-618ZShtml


Electronic Frontier Foundation (2003 September 24) Unintended consequences Five years under the DMCA (version 3) httpwwwefforgIPDMCAunintended_consequencesphp

Feist v Rural Telephone 499 US 340 (1991) httpwwwlawcornelleducopyrightcases499_US_340htm

Ford Richard Thompson (1995) Facts and values in pragmatism and personhood [Review of the book Reinterpreting property (by Margaret Radin)] Stanford Law Review 18(1) 217-246 Also available at httpwwwjstororgezproxylibutexasedujournals00389765htmlcookieSet=1

Foucault Michel (1984) What is an author In Paul Rabinow (Ed) The Foucault reader (pp 101-120) New York Pantheon Books CD



Hardin Garrett (1968) The tragedy of the commons Science 162(3859) 1243-1248 Also available at httpwwwjstororgezproxylibutexasedustablei299458


Jaszi Peter (1994) On the author effect Contemporary copyright and collective creativity In Martha Woodmansee amp Peter Jaszi (Eds) The construction of authorship Textual appropriation in law and literature (pp 29-56) Durham NC Duke University CD

Jaszi Peter amp Woodmansee Martha (1994) Introduction In Martha Woodmansee amp Peter Jaszi (Eds) The construction of authorship Textual appropriation in law and literature (pp 1-13) Durham NC Duke University CD

Kelly v Arriba Soft Corp (2003) 336 F 3d 811 9th circuit httpimageschillingeffectsorgcasesKelly_v_Arribahtml

Legislative history of anti-circumvention provisions (nd) httpwww2arinethrrchtml_black_box__legislative_historhtml

Lessig Lawrence (2001a) The future of ideas The fate of the commons in a connected world New York Random House


Lessig Lawrence (2004c) The creative commons Montana Law Review 65(1) 1-4 Also available at httpwwwlexisnexiscomezproxylibutexaseduuslnacademicresultsdocviewdocviewdodocLinkInd=trueamprisb=21_T5460971488ampformat=GNBFIampsort=RELEVANCEampstartDocNo=1ampresultsUrlKey=29_T5460971491ampcisb=22_T5460971490amptreeMax=trueamptreeWidth=0ampcsi=222557ampdocNo=3



Litman Jessica (2007) Creative reading Law amp Contemporary Problems 70(2) 175-183 Also available at httpwwwlawdukeedushellcitepl70+Law+amp+Contemp+Probs+175+(spring+2007)

Lougee Wendy Pradt (2007) Scholarly communication and libraries unbound The opportunity of the commons In Charlotte Hess amp Elinor Ostrom (Eds) Understanding knowledge as a commons From theory to practice (pp 311-332) Cambridge MA MIT Press CD

Majchrzak Ann (1984) Methods for policy research Newbury Park CA Sage

MGM Studios Inc v Grokster Ltd 545 US 1913 (2005) httpwwwefforgIPP2PMGM_v_Grokster

Pyle Christopher (1989) How to brief a case httpwwwlibjjaycunyeduresearchbriefhtml (Original published 1982)

Radin Margaret (1982) Property and personhood Stanford Law Review 34(5) 957-1015 Also available at httpwwwjstororgezproxylibutexasedubrowse00389765ap040173frame=noframeampuserID=80533f15utexasedu01c0a8487400504f6f1ampdpi=3ampconfig=jstor

Radin Margaret (1987) Market-inalienability Harvard Law Review 100(8) 1849-1937 Also available at httpwwwjstororgezproxylibutexasedustablei257571

Radin Margaret (1993) Introduction Property and pragmatism In Reinterpreting property (pp 1-34 and 203-205) Chicago University of Chicago CD

Rist Ray C (2000) Influencing the policy process with qualitative research In Norman K Denzin amp Yvonna S Lincoln (Eds) Handbook of qualitative research (2nd

ed pp 1001-1017) Thousand Oaks CA Sage

Roe Emery (1994) Narrative policy analysis Theory and practice Durham NC Duke University

Rose Mark (1988) The author as proprietor Donaldson v Becket and the geneology of modern authorship Representations 23 51-85 Also available at httpwwwjstororgezproxylibutexasedubrowse07346018dm990292frame=noframeampuserID=80533f15utexasedu01c0a8487400504f6f1ampdpi=3ampconfig=jstor

Rose Mark (2002a) Copyright and its metaphors UCLA Law Review 50(1) 1-15 httpheinonlineorgHOLPagehandle=heinjournalsuclalr50ampid=15ampcollection=journals



Schoumln Donald A (1993) Generative metaphor A perspective on problem-setting in social policy In Andrew Ortony (Ed) Metaphor and thought (2nd ed pp 137-163) Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press

Sony v Universal City Studios 464 US 417 (1984) httpwwwefforgLegalCasessony_v_universal_decisionhtml

US Congress Office of Technology Assessment (1986) Summary In Intellectual property rights in an age of electronics and information (pp 3-15) Washington DC Government Printing Office httpwwwwwsPrincetonEDU~otans20alpha_fhtml



Woodmansee Martha (1994) On the author effect Recovering collectivity In Martha Woodmansee amp Peter Jaszi (Eds) The construction of authorship Textual appropriation in law and literature (pp 15-28) Durham NC Duke University CD

II Selected Other Court Cases

Baystate v Bowers Discussion (2003) httpwwwutsystemeduogcintellectualpropertybaystatevbowersdiscussionhtm

Blizzard Entertainment Inc v Jung (2005) 8th Cir No 04-3654 September 1

Folsom v Marsh 9 9 F Cas 342 (CCD Mass 1841)

Greenwich Workshop Inc v Tinker Creations Inc 932 F Supp 1210 C D Cal 1996 httpwwwutsystemeduogcintellectualpropertygreenwichvtimberhtm

Harper amp Row Publishers Inc v Nation Enterprises Inc 471 US 539 (1985) httpwwwbcedubc_orgavpcascommfree_speechharperandrowhtml

Intellectual Reserve Inc v Utah Lighthouse Ministry Inc 75 F Supp 2d 1290 (D Ut Central Division 1999) httpwwwlawuhedufacultycjoycecopyrightrelease10IntReshtml

Lee v ART Co 125 F 3d 580 CA 7 (Ill) 1997 httpwwwlawcornelleducopyrightcases125_F3d_580htm

Lochner v New York 98 US 45 (1905)httpwww2lawcornelleducgi-binfoliocgiexehistoricquery=5BGroup+198+US+455D(5BLevel+Case+Citation5D7C5BGroup+citemenu5D)doc7B17Dhit_headingswords=4hits_only

New York Times et al v Tasini et al No 00-201 (2001a) [majority opinion]httpsupctlawcornelledusupcthtml00-201ZShtml

New York Times et al v Tasini et al No 00-201 (2001b) [dissent] httpsupctlawcornelledusupctpdf00-201PZD


Princeton University Press v Michigan Document Services 99 F3d 1381 (6th Cir 1996)httpwwwlawemoryedu6circuitnov9696a0357p06html

ProCD Inc v Zeidenberg 86 F 3d 1447 (7th Cir 1996)

Recording Industry Association of America v Verizon Internet Services (2003) wwwefforglegalcases RIAA_v_Verizonopinion-20031219pdf

Satava v Lowry 323 F3d 805 (9th Cir 2003) cert deniedhttpwwwlawcornelleducopyrightcases323_F3d_805htm

Twentieth Century Music Corp v Aiken 422 US 151 156 (1975)

United States v Paramount Pictures Inc 334 US 131 158 (1948)

United States v Elcom Ltd 203 FSupp 2d 1111 (ND Cal 2002) httpwwwdigital-law-onlinecomcases62PQ2D1736htm

Universal City Studios Inc v Eric Corley et al 273 F2d 429 (2d Cir 2001) httpwwwndedu~pbelliacorleypdf

III Selected Additional Readings

Ad hoc committee on copyright law revision (1976) Agreement on guidelines for classroom copying in not-for-profit educational institutions with respect to books and periodicals [classroom guidelines] Published in House Report 94-1476httpwwwuncedu~unclngclassroom-guidelineshtm

American Association of Law Libraries (2002) First sale The basics httpwwwaallnetorgcommitteecopyrightpagesissuesfirstsalehtml

American Library Association (2001a) UCITA (the Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act) Concerns for libraries and the public httpwwwalaorgwashoffucitaindexhtml

American Library Association (2001b) UCITA 101 What you should know about the Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act httpwwwalaorgwashoffucitaucita101html

American Library Association (2001c) Problems with a non-negotiated contract httpwwwalaorgwashoffucitacontracthtml

ARLALA et al (2003) Fair use and the development of e-reserve systemshttpwwwutsystemeduogcintellectualpropertyfairusereserveshtm

Ashcroft John (2004 October 12) Prepared remarks Release of the report of the Department of Justicersquos Task Force on Intellectual Property httpwwwusdojgovagspeeches2004agremarkspriphtm

Association of Research Libraries (2002) Copyright timeline A history of copyright in the United States httpwwwarlorgppppcopyrightcopyresourcescopytimelineshtml


Aufderheide Patricia (1999) Communications policy and the public interest The Telecommunications Act of 1996 New York Guilford

Australian Attorney-General (1994) Stopping the rip-offs Intellectual property protection for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples httpwwwaggovauagdWWWrwpattachnsfviewasattachmentPersonal(CFD7369FCAE9B8F32F341DBE097801FF)~stopping+the+rip-offs-no+framepdf$filestopping+the+rip-offs-no+framepdf

Band Jonathan (2004) A new day for the DMCA The Chamberlain and Lexmark decisions Patent Trademark and Copyright Journal [Bureau of National Affairs] 69(1697) 78-82 CD

Benkler Yochai (1999) Free as the air to common use First Amendment constraint on enclosure of the public domain New York Law Review 74(354-446) [log in through the Social Science Research Network -- httpwwwssrncomindex_sfhtml] httppapersssrncomsol3paperscfmabstract_id=168609

Bennett Tony (2003) The political rationality of the museum In Justin Lewis amp Toby Miller (Eds) Critical cultural policy studies A reader (pp 180-187) Oxford UK Blackwell

Bettig Ronald V (1997) The enclosure of cyberspace Critical Studies in Mass Communication 14(2) 138-157

Blacks law dictionary (7th ed) (1999) St Paul MN Westhttpwwwpalkaufcomtoolsblacks_law_dictionaryhtm

Boisseau DL (1993) Anatomy of a small step forward The electronic reserve book room at San Diego State University Journal of Academic Librarianship 18(6) 366-368

Bollier David Bradford Gigi Racine Laurie amp Sohn Gigi B (2006) So what about copyright What artists need to know about copyright and trademark Available at httpwwwpublicknowledgeorgresourcesartistsso-what-about-copyright

Bowrey Kathy amp Rimmer Matthew (2002) Rip mix burn The politics of peer to peer and copyright law First Monday 7(8) httpwwwfirstmondayorgissuesissue7_8bowreyindexhtml

Boyle James (1997) A politics of intellectual property Environmentalism for the net httpwwwlawdukeeduboylesiteintprophtm

Boyle James (2002) Fencing off ideas Enclosure amp the disappearance of the public domain Daedalus 131(2) 13-25

Boyle James (2003b) Foreword The opposite of property In James Boyle (Ed) Collected papers Duke conference on the public domain (pp 1-32) Durham NC Center for the Public Domain [This monograph also appeared as a special issue of Law and Contemporary Problems 66(1-2) 1-483]

Boyle James (2007a) Cultural environmentalism and beyond Law amp Contemporary Problems 70(2) 5-21 Also available at


httpwwwlawdukeedushellcitepl70+Law+amp+Contemp+Probs+5+(spring+2007)

Boyle James (2007b) Mertonianism unbound Imagining free decentralized access to most cultural and scientific material In Charlotte Hess amp Elinor Ostrom (Eds) Understanding knowledge as a commons From theory to practice (pp 123-144) Cambridge MA MIT Press

Braman Sandra (2003) Trade and information policy In Justin Lewis amp Toby Miller (Eds) Critical cultural policy studies A reader (pp 282-301) Oxford UK Blackwell

Branscomb Anne Wells (1994) Who owns information From privacy to public access New York BasicBooks

Braunstein Yale M (1981) The functioning of information markets In Jane H Yurow and Helen A Shaw (Eds) Issues in information policy (pp 57-74) Washington DC National Telecommunications and Information Administration Department of Commerce

Brush Stephen B (1993) Indigenous knowledge of biological resources and intellectual property rights The role of anthropology American Anthropologist 95(3) pp 653-686

Carroll Michael W (2006) Creative commons and the new intermediaries Michigan State Law Review 45(1) 45-65 Also available at httppapersssrncomsol3paperscfmabstract_id=782405

Carroll Terry (2004) Copyright law FAQ (46) International aspects httpwwwfaqsorgfaqslawcopyrightfaqpart4

Caslon Analytics (2004) Intellectual property guide httpwwwcasloncomauipguidehtm Chartier Roger (2002) Property amp privilege in the republic of letters (trans Arthur Goldhammer) Daedalus 131(2) 60-66

Clifford Ralph D (2003) Amicus brief supporting Satava httpwwwsnesleducliffordsatavabriefpdf

Ciffolilli Andrea (2004) The economics of open source hijacking and the declining quality of digital information resources A case for copyright First Monday 9(9) httpwwwfirstmondayorgissuesissue9_9ciffolilliindexhtml

Cohen Julie E (1996) A right to read anonymously A closer look at ldquocopyright managementrdquo in cyberspace Connecticut Law Review 28(4) 981-1040 Also available at httpwwwheinonlineorgezproxylibutexaseduHOLPagehandle=heinjournalsconlr28ampid=1ampsize=2ampcollection=journalsampindex=journalsconlr

Cohen Julie E (2005) The place of the user in copyright law Fordham Law Review 74 347-374 Also available at httpweblexis-nexiscomuniversedocument_m=afadc327936917bd72fff08bd6d5d45aamp_docnum=1ampwchp=dGLbVtb-zSkVbamp_md5=a1799c13cbf60e112489faabe8e06f11 and httppapersssrncomsol3paperscfmabstract_id=814664


Colwin Jane (2002) Getting started Legal and ethical resources In Tomas Lipinski (Ed) Libraries museums and archives Legal Issues and ethical challenges in the new information era (pp 295-302) Lanham MD Scarecrow Press

Copyright Clearance Center (2005) httpwwwcopyrightcom

Cox James C amp Swarthout J Todd (2007) EconPort Creating and maintaining a knowledge commons In Charlotte Hess amp Elinor Ostrom (Eds) Understanding knowledge as a commons From theory to practice (pp 333-347) Cambridge MA MIT Press

Creative Commons (2004) httpcreativecommonsorg

Crews Kenneth D (1993) Copyright fair use and the challenge for universities Promoting the progress of higher education Chicago University of Chicago Press

Crews Kenneth D (1995) Copyright law and information policy planning Public rights of use in the 1990s and beyond Journal of Government Information 22(2) 87-99

Crews Kenneth D (2000) Copyright essentials for librarians and educators Chicago American Library Association

Crews Kenneth D (2001) The law of fair use and the illusion of fair-use guidelines Ohio State Law Journal 62(2) 599-702

Cummins Eric (2005 August 2) Who owns pictures of the past Historic photo dispute pits copyright act against contract law San Francisco Daily Journal Available online

Damich Edward J (1988) The right of personality A common law basis for the protection of the moral rights of authors Georgia Law Review 23 1-96 Also available at httpwwwlexisnexiscomezproxylibutexaseduuslnacademicsearchhomesubmitFormdo

Dervin Brenda (1994) Information lt---gt democracy An examination of underlying assumptions In Leah A Lievrouw (Ed) Information resources and democracy [Special issue] (pp 369-385) Journal of the American Society for Information Science 45(6)

Digital Media Consumer Rights Act (2005) Available at httpthomaslocgovcgi-binqueryzc109HR1201

Douzinas Costas amp Nead Lynda (Eds) (1999) Law and the image The authority of art and the aesthetics of law Chicago University of Chicago

Duke Law Center for the Public Domain (2004) Arts Project Moving Image Contest httpwwwlawdukeeducspdcontestfinalists

Elkin-Koren Niva (2000) The privatization of information policy Ethics and Information Technology 2(4) 201-209 Also available at httpwwwspringerlinkcomcontent3lugryckutjlp=9ed7fd02ace24e7c958a892c69b44039amppi=27


Ferullo Donna L (2002 summer) The challenge of e-reserves Net connect 33-35

Fisher William W II (2004) Promises to keep Technology law and the future of entertainment Stanford CA Stanford University

Free Software Foundation (2004) GNUs not Unix httpwwwgnuorghomehtml

GartnerG2 amp the Center for Internet amp Society at Harvard Law School (2003) Copyright and digital media in a post-Napster world Publication No 2003-05 httpcyberlawharvardeduhome2003-05

Gasaway Laura N (1995) White Paper ndash A mixed bag Tech Trends 40(6) 6-8

Gasaway Laura N (1999) Copyright considerations for fee-based document delivery services httpwwwuncedu~unclngfee-basedhtm

Gasaway Laura N (2000) Values conflict in the digital environment Librarians versus copyright holders httpwwwuncedu~unclngColumbia-article3htm

Gasaway Laura N amp Wiant Sarah K (1994) Copyright A guide to copyright law in the 1990s Washington DC Special Libraries Association

Ghosh Shubha (2007) How to build a commons Is intellectual property constrictive facilitating or irrelevant In Charlotte Hess amp Elinor Ostrom (Eds) Understanding knowledge as a commons From theory to practice (pp 209-246) Cambridge MA MIT Press

Ginsburg Faye (2003) Embedded aesthetics Creating a discursive space for indigenous media In Justin Lewis amp Toby Miller (Eds) Critical cultural policy studies A reader (pp 88-99) Oxford UK Blackwell

Ginsburg Jane C (1990) Creation and commercial value Copyright protection of works of information Columbia Law Review 90(7) 1865-1938 Also available at httpwwwjstororgezproxylibutexasedubrowse00101958ap030711frame=noframeampuserID=80533f15utexasedu01c0a8487400504f6f1ampdpi=3ampconfig=jstor

Ginsburg Jane C (1993) Copyright without walls Speculations on literary property in the library of the future In R Howard Bloch amp Carla Hesse (Eds) Future libraries (pp 53-73) Berkeley CA University of California Press

Glendon Mary Ann (1991) Rights talk The impoverishment of political discourse New York The Free Press

Goldstein Paul (1992) Copyright Law amp Contemporary Problems 55(2) 79-92 httpwwwheinonlineorgHOLPagecollection=lcpcfamphandle=heinjournalslcp55ampid=417ampsize=2amprot=0amptype=image

Gordon Wendy J (1982) Fair use as market failure A structural economic analysis of the Betamax case and its predecessors Columbia Law Review 82(8) 1600-1657 Also available at httpwwwjstororgezproxylibutexasedubrowse00101958ap030648frame=noframeampuserID=80533f15utexasedu01c0a8487400504f6f1ampdpi=3ampconfig=jstor


Gordon Wendy J (1992) Reality as artifact From Feist to fair use Law amp Contemporary Problems 55(2) 93-106

Graham Neil E amp Mumford Christine (2005) Copyright office holds first roundtable on uncertainties surrounding orphan works Patent Trademark and Copyright Journal [Bureau of National Affairs] 70(1731) 407-412 CD

Harper Georgia (2001) Copyright in the library Licensing httpwwwutsystemeduogcintellectualpropertylicrsrcshtm

Harper Georgia (2005a) Fair use of copyrighted materials httpwwwutsystemeduogcintellectualpropertycopypol2htm

Harper Georgia (2005b) Google this httpwwwutsystemeduogcintellectualpropertygooglethishtm

Hawke Constance S (2001) Computer and Internet use on campus A legal guide to issues of intellectual property free speech and privacy San Francisco Jossey-Bass

Hedstrom Margaret (nd) Digital preservation A time bomb for digital libraries httpwwwukyedu~kiernanDLhedstromhtml

Henderson Carol C (1998) Libraries as creatures of copyright Why librarians care about intellectual property law and policy Available at httpwwwalaorgContentNavigationMenuOur_AssociationOfficesALA_WashingtonIssues2Copyright1Copyrighthtm

Hess Charlotte amp Ostrom Elinor (2007a) Introduction An overview of the knowledge commons In Charlotte Hess amp Elinor Ostrom (Eds) Understanding knowledge as a commons From theory to practice (pp 1-26) Cambridge MA MIT Press

Hesse Carla (2002) The rise of intellectual property 700 BC ndash AD 2000 An idea in the balance Daedalus 131(2) 26-45

Hoffman Gretchen McCord (2002a) What every librarian should know about copyright Part I The basics Texas Library Journal 78(2) 56-63

Hoffman Gretchen McCord (2002b) What every librarian should know about copyright Part II Copyright in cyberspace Texas Library Journal 78(3) 15-18

Hoffman Gretchen McCord (2002c) What every librarian should know about copyright Part III Frequently asked questions Texas Library Journal 78(4) 148-151

Hoffman Gretchen McCord (2003) What every librarian should know about copyright Part IV Writing a copyright policy Texas Library Journal 79(1) 12-15

Hollingsworth Dana (2001) General procedures contract checklist httpwwwutsystemeduogcsmallcontractssccklisthtml

Hyde Bob (2001)The first sale doctrine and digital phonorecords Duke Law amp Technology Review 18 httpwwwlawdukeedujournalsdltrarticles2001dltr0018html


Illegal art (2003) httpwwwillegal-artorg

Information Infrastructure Task Force Information Policy Working Committee Working Group on Intellectual Property Rights (1995 September) Intellectual property and the National Information Infrastructure The report of the Working Group on Intellectual Property Rights httpwwwusptogovwebipnii [Lehman Report also known as the White Paper]

Interlibrary Loan Guidelines [CONTU Guidelines] (1976) Published in US Congress Conference Report HR 94-1733 httpwwwuncedu~unclngILL-guidelineshtm

Jaszi Peter (1991) Toward a theory of copyright The metamorphoses of ldquoauthorshiprdquo Duke Law Journal 1991 455-502 httpheinonlineorgHOLPagehandle=heinjournalsduklr1991ampsize=2amprot=0ampcollection=journalsampid=463

Karlaja Dennis S (1997) Preemption of shrinkwrap and on-line licenses University of Dayton Law Review 22 511-543 Also available at httphomepageslawasuedu7EdkarjalaArticlesDaytonLRev1997html

Kimber Karen (2003) Introduction to legal research httpwwwlibrarieswrighteduservicesresearchguideslaw

Klages Mary (2001) Michel Foucault ldquoWhat is an authorrdquo httpwwwcoloradoeduEnglishENGL2012Klagesfoucaulthtml

Kranich Nancy (2007) Countering enclosure Reclaiming the knowledge commons In Charlotte Hess amp Elinor Ostrom (Eds) Understanding knowledge as a commons From theory to practice (pp 85-122) Cambridge MA MIT Press

Landow George P (1992) Access to the text and the authors right (copyright) In Hypertext The convergence of contemporary critical theory and technology (pp 196-201) Baltimore MD Johns Hopkins University Press

Lange David (1981) Recognizing the public domain Law amp Contemporary Problems 44(4) 147-181 httpwwwheinonlineorgHOLPagehandle=heinjournalslcp44ampsize=2amprot=0ampcollection=lcpcfampid=813

Lange David (2003) Reimagining the public domain In James Boyle (Ed) Collected papers Duke conference on the public domain (pp 463-483) Durham NC Center for the Public Domain [This monograph also appeared as a special issue of Law and Contemporary Problems 66(1-2) 1-483]

Lange David amp Anderson Jennifer (2004) Reading the public domain Stanford CA Stanford University

Lemley Mark A (2004) Property intellectual property and free riding John M Olin Program in Law and Economics Working Paper No 291 Stanford Law School [log in through the Social Science Research Network -- httpwwwssrncomindex_sfhtml] httpssrncomabstract=582602

Lemley Mark A (2005) Property intellectual property and free riding

Lemley Mark amp Reese R Anthony (2004) Reducing copyright infringement without restricting innovation Stanford Law Review 56(6) 1345-1434 [log in


through the Social Science Research Network -- httpwwwssrncomindex_sfhtml] httppapersssrncomsol3paperscfmabstract_id=525662

Lemley Mark A amp Volokh Eugene (1998) Freedom of speech and injunctions in intellectual property cases Duke Law Journal 48(2) 147-242 [log in through the Social Science Research Network -- httpwwwssrncomindex_sfhtml] httppapersssrncomsol3paperscfmabstract_id=85608

Lessig Lawrence (1999a) Privacy Chapter 11 in Code and other laws of cyberspace (pp 142-163 271-275) New York Basic Books

Lessig Lawrence (1999b) Free speech Chapter 12 in Code and other laws of cyberspace (pp 164-185 275-281) New York Basic Books

Lessig Lawrence (2001b) Jail time in the digital age First published as an editorial in the New York Times (2001 July 30) httpwwwefforgIPDMCAUS_v_Elcomsoft20010730_lessig_opedhtml

Lessig Lawrence (2007) Foreword Law amp Contemporary Problems 70(2) 1-3 Also available at httpwwwlawdukeedushellcitepl70+Law+amp+Contemp+Probs+1+(spring+2007)

Levine Peter (2007) Collective action civic engagement and the knowledge commons In Charlotte Hess amp Elinor Ostrom (Eds) Understanding knowledge as a commons From theory to practice (pp 247-276) Cambridge MA MIT Press

Lewis Justin amp Miller Toby (Ed) (2003) Introduction In Justin Lewis amp Toby Miller (Eds) Critical cultural policy studies A reader (pp 1-9) Oxford UK Blackwell

Lievrouw Leah A (Ed) (1994a) Information resources and democracy [Special issue] Journal of the American Society for Information Science 45(6)

Lievrouw Leah A (1994b) Information resources and democracy Understanding the paradox In Leah A Lievrouw (Ed) Information resources and democracy [Special issue] (pp 350-357) Journal of the American Society for Information Science 45(6)

Lipinski Tomas A (1998) Information ownership and control In Martha E Williams (Ed) Annual review of information science and technology (Vol 33 pp 3-38) Medford NJ Information Today

Lipinski Tomas A (2002a) Librarians guide to copyright for shared and networked resources [Special issue] Library Technology Reports 38(1) 7-111

Lipinski Tomas A (Ed) (2002b) Libraries museums and archives Legal Issues and ethical challenges in the new information era Lanham MD Scarecrow Press

Litman Jessica (1989) Copyright legislation and technological change Oregon Law Review 68 275ff

Litman Jessica (1990) The public domain Emory Law Journal 39(4) 965-1023 httpheinonlineorgHOLPagehandle=heinjournalsemlj39ampsize=2amprot=0ampcollection=journalsampid=979


Litman Jessica (1992) Copyright and information policy Law and Contemporary Problems 55(2) 185-209 httpwwwjstororgview00239186ap04022104a001100frame=noframeampuserID=8053f82butexasedu01cce44037005015df025ampdpi=3ampconfig=jstor

Litman Jessica (2000a) The demonization of piracy Presented at the Tenth Conference on Computers Freedom amp Privacy Toronto httpwwwlawwayneedulitmanpapersdemonpdf

Litman Jessica (2000b) Information privacyinformation property Stanford Law Review 52 1283-1313 httpwwwlawwayneedulitmanpapersinfoprivacypdf

Loring Christopher B (2000) Reserve technology and copyright In Allen Kent (Ed) Encyclopedia of library and information science (Vol 66 Supp 29 pp 281-299) New York Marcel Dekker

Madison James (1961) Federalist paper 43 In Clinton Rossiter (Ed) The federalist papers Alexander Hamilton James Madison John Jay (pp 271-280) New York Penguin

Mannheimer Katherine (2007) Personhood poethood and Pope Johnsonrsquos life of Pope and the search for the man behind the author Eighteenth-Century Studies 40(4) 631-649

Marlotta-Wurgler Florencia (2007) Whatrsquos in a standard form contract An empirical analysis of software license agreements Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 4(4) 677-713

Maxwell Richard (2003) The marketplace citizen and the political economy of data trade in the European Union In Justin Lewis amp Toby Miller (Eds) Critical cultural policy studies A reader (pp 149-160) Oxford UK Blackwell

Martin Peter W (2003) Introduction to basic legal citation httpwwwlawcornelleducitationindexhtm

Mayfield Kendra (2004) Digitizing archives not so easyhttpwwwwiredcomnewsprint012944284200html

McGowan (2004) Copyright nonconsequentialism Missouri Law Review 69(1) 1-71

McGuigan Jim (2003) Cultural policy studies In Justin Lewis amp Toby Miller (Eds) Critical cultural policy studies A reader (pp 23-42) Oxford UK Blackwell

McLeod Kembrew (2001) Owning culture Authorship ownership and intellectual property law New York Peter Lang

McLeod Kembrew (2003) Musical production copyright and the private ownership of culture In Justin Lewis amp Toby Miller (Eds) Critical cultural policy studies A reader (pp 240-252) Oxford UK Blackwell

Miller Arthur amp Davis Michael H (1990) Intellectual property Patents trademarks and copyright in a nutshell (2nd ed) St Paul MN West


Miller Steven (1995) Civilizing cyberspace Policy power and the information superhighway New York ACM Press

Minow Mary (1996-2003) Library digitization projects and copyright httpwwwllrxcomfeaturesdigitization3htm

Minow Mary amp Lipinski Tomas A (2003) The libraryrsquos legal answer book (pp 13-84) Chicago American Library Association

Mohr Kevin E (2002) How to brief a case httpwwwlibjjaycunyeduresearchbriefhtmlhttpwwwwsulawedupdfK1_F2003_How-To-Brief-A-Case_MOHRpdf

Molina J Carlos Fernaacutendez-Molina (2003) Laws against the circumvention of copyright technological protection Journal of Documentation 59(1) 41-68

Morrow Thomas M amp Sullivan Jeffrey D (2004) Lexmark v Static Control Another circuit court reads limitations into DMCArsquos sweeping statutory anti-circumvention strictures Patent Trademark and Copyright Journal [Bureau of National Affairs] 69(1696) 49-53 CD

Mosco Vincent (1996) The political economy of communication Thousand Oaks CA Sage

Mosco Vincent amp Wasko Janet (Eds) (1988) The political economy of information Madison WI University of Wisconsin Press

Murray Laura J (2004) Protecting ourselves to death Canada copyright and the Internet First Monday 9(10) httpwwwfirstmondayorgissuesissue9_10murray

National Research Council Committee for a Study on Promoting Access to Scientific and Technical Data for the Public Interest (1999) A question of balance Private rights and the public interest in scientific and technical databases Washington DC National Academy Press

National Research Council Committee on Intellectual Property Rights in the Emerging Information Infrastructure (2000) The digital dilemma Intellectual property in the information age Washington DC National Academy Press Also available at httpwwwnapeduhtmldigital_dilemma

Negativland [Colin Berry] (1995) Fair use The story of the letter u and the numeral 2 httpwwwwiredcomwiredarchive301negativland_prhtml

Negativland (2004a) httpwwwnegativlandcom

Negativland (2004b) Intellectual property issues httpwwwnegativlandcomintprophtml

Netanel Neil W (1996) Copyright and democratic civil society Yale Law Journal 106(2) 283-387

Netanel Neil Weinstock (2001) Locating copyright within the First Amendment skein Stanford Law Review 54(1) 1-86 [log in through the Social Science Research Network -- httpwwwssrncomindex_sfhtml] httppapersssrncomsol3paperscfmabstract_id=267848


Netanel Neil [Weinstock] (2008) Why has copyright expanded Analysis and critique In Fiona Macmillan (Ed) New directions in copyright laws (vol 6) Also available at SSRN httppapersssrncomsol3paperscfmabstract_id=1066241

Nimmer Raymond T amp Krauthaus Patricia Ann (1992) Information as a commodity New imperatives of commercial law Law and Contemporary Problems 55(3) 103-130 httpwwwheinonlineorgHOLPagehandle=heinjournalslcp55ampid=821ampcollection=lcpcf

Oberholzer Felix amp Strumpf Koleman (2004) The effect of file sharing on record sales An empirical analysis httpwwwnberorg~confer2004URCs04felixpdf

Okediji Ruth (1999) Perspectives on globalization from developing states Copyright and public welfare in global perspective CD

Ostrom Elinor (1990) Governing the commons The evolution of institutions for collective action Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press

Ostrom Elinor amp Hess Charlotte (2007) A framework for analyzing the knowledge commons In Charlotte Hess amp Elinor Ostrom (Eds) Understanding knowledge as a commons From theory to practice (pp 41-81) Cambridge MA MIT Press

Overman E Sam amp Cahill Anthony G (1990) Information policy A study of values in the policy process Policy Studies Review 9(4) 803-818

Palmedo Michael (2001) Letter to Maneesha Mithal Bureau of Consumer Protection Federal Trade Commission httpwwwcptechorgecomjurisdictionftc-hague12072001html

Patterson Lyman Ray (1968) Copyright in historical perspective Nashville TN Vanderbilt University

Patterson Lyman Ray (1992) Understanding fair use Law amp Contemporary Problems 55(2) 249-266 Also available at httpwwwheinonlineorgHOLPagehandle=heinjournalslcp55ampid=1ampsize=2ampcollection=lcpcfampindex=lcpcf

Patterson Lyman Ray (1993) Copyright and the ldquoexclusive rightrdquo of authors Journal of Intellectual Property 1(1) 37ff

Patterson L Ray (2003) Whatrsquos wrong with Eldred An essay on copyright jurisprudence Journal of Intellectual Property Law 10 345ff Also available at httpwwwlexisnexiscomezproxylibutexaseduuslnacademicresultsdocviewdocviewdorisb=21_T2818532101ampformat=GNBFIampsort=RELEVANCEampstartDocNo=1ampresultsUrlKey=29_T2818532106ampcisb=22_T2818532105amptreeMax=trueamptreeWidth=0ampcsi=146214ampdocNo=10

Patterson Lyman Ray amp Lindberg Stanley W (1991) The nature of copyright A law of users rights Athens GA University of Georgia Press

Radin Margaret (1993) Reinterpreting property Chicago University of Chicago Press


Raymond Eric S (1999) The cathedral amp the bazaar Musings on Linux and open source by an accidental revolutionary Sebastopol CA OrsquoReilly

Reichman JH amp Franklin Jonathan A (1999) Privately legislated intellectual property rights Reconciling freedom of contract with public good uses of information University of Pennsylvania Law Review 147(4) 875-970 httpweblinks2epnetcomcitationasptb=1amp_ua=bt+ID++UPL+shn+1+db+aphjnh+bo+B5F+5D2Camp_ug=sid+C02AA8662D6FD72D43902D869D2DDE452EEAE00F40sessionmgr2+dbs+aph+8263amp_us=dstb+ES+ri+KAAACB1D00194252+fcl+Aut+sm+ES+sl+2D1+or+Date+B485amp_uh=btn+N+6C9Camp_uso=st5B0+2DJN++22University++of++Pennsylvania++Law++Review22++and++DT++19990401+tg5B0+2D+db5B0+2Daph+op5B0+2D+hd+False+63A9ampcf=1ampfn=1amprn=2amp

Reichman JH amp Uhlir Paul F (1999) Database protection at the crossroads Recent developments and their impact on science and technology Berkeley Technology Law Journal 14(2) 799-821

Rice David A (2002) Copyright as talisman Expanding ldquopropertyrdquo in digital works International Review of Law Computers amp Technology 16(2) 113-132 Also available at httpwebebscohostcomezproxylibutexaseduehostresultsvid=2amphid=109ampsid=a202e99d-491d-4feb-a517-fc5b7ce080af40sessionmgr107

Richards Donald G (2002) The ideology of intellectual property rights in the international economy Review of Social Economy LX(4) 521-541

Rose Mark (1993) Authors and owners The invention of copyright Cambridge MA Harvard University

Rose Mark (2002b) Nine-tenths of the law The English copyright debates and the rhetoric of the public domain Law amp Contemporary Problems 66(75) 75-87 httpwwwlawdukeedushellcitepl66+Law+amp+Contemp+Probs+75+(WinterSpring+200)

Rubenfeld Jed (2002) The freedom of imagination Copyrightrsquos constitutionality Yale Law Journal 112 (1) 1-60 Also available at httpwwwyaleeduyalelj112112-1ab1html

Samuelson Pamela (1996 January) The copyright grab Wired 4(1) 135-138

Samuelson Pamela (2003) Mapping the public domain Threats and opportunities In James Boyle (Ed) Collected papers Duke conference on the public domain (pp 147-171) Durham NC Center for the Public Domain [This monograph also appeared as a special issue of Law and Contemporary Problems 66(1-2) 1-483]

Samuelson Pamela (2004) Intellectual property arbitrage How foreign rules can affect domestic protections Chicago Law Review 71 223

Saporita Christopher (2003) Reconciling human rights and sovereignty A framework for global property law Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 10(2) 255-281 Also available at httpmusejhueduezproxylibutexasedujournalsindiana_journal_of_global_legal_studiestocgls102html


Schmidt C James (1989) Rights for users of information Conflicts and balances among privacy professional ethics law national security In Filomena Simora (Ed) The Bowker annual Library and book trade almanac (pp 83-90) New Providence NJ RR Bowker

Schweik Charles M (2007) Freeopen-source software as a framework for establishing commons in science In Charlotte Hess amp Elinor Ostrom (Eds) Understanding knowledge as a commons From theory to practice (pp 277-310) Cambridge MA MIT Press

Slack Jennifer Daryl amp Fejes Fred (Eds) (1987) Ideology of the information age Norwood NJ Ablex

Slater Derek (2003) Take another little piece of my art [review of Illegal Art] httpcreativecommonsorggetcontentfeaturesillegalart

Stallman Richard (1997) The right to read Communications of the ACM 40(2) 85-87 httpportalacmorgcitationcfmid=253726ampjmp=citampdl=ACMampdl=ACMampCFID=wwwlibutexasedu9003sfx_localampCFTOKEN=wwwlibutexasedu9003sfx_localCIT

Stefik Mark (1999a) The bit and the pendulum Balancing the interests of stakeholders in digital publishing Chapter 4 in The Internet edge Social legal and technological challenges for a networked world (pp 79-106 and 302-303) Cambridge MA MIT Press

Stefik Mark (1999b) The digital keyhole Privacy rights and trusted systems Chapter 8 in The Internet edge Social legal and technological challenges for a networked world (pp 197-231 and 305-307) Cambridge MA MIT Press

Suber Peter (2007) Creating an intellectual commons through open access In Charlotte Hess amp Elinor Ostrom (Eds) Understanding knowledge as a commons From theory to practice (pp 171-208) Cambridge MA MIT Press

Tannen Deborah (1998) The argument culture Moving from debate to dialogue New York Random House

Taylor George H amp Madison Michael J (2006) Metaphor objects and commodities Cleveland Sate Law Review 54(1amp2) 141-174

US Congress (1976) Agreement on guidelines for classroom copying in not-for-profit educational institutions Agreed to by the Ad Hoc Committee on Copyright Law Revision the Author-Publisher Group and Authors League of America and the Association of American Publishers Inc httpwwwmusiclibraryassocorgCopyrightguidebkshtm

US Congress Congressional Research Service (2001) Federal statutes What they are and where to find them httpwwwcnieorgnlecrsreportsinformationinfo-16pdf

U S Congress Library of Congress Copyright Office (2004) Copyright of the United Stateshttpwwwcopyrightgovtitle17

US Congress Library of Congress Copyright Office (2005b) Orphan works Available at httpwwwcopyrightgovorphan


US Congress Library of Congress Copyright Office (2005a) Roundtable discussion on orphan works Transcript Available online

US Congress Office of Technology Assessment (1986b) Intellectual property rights in an age of electronics and information Washington DC Government Printing Office httpwwwwwsPrincetonEDU~otans20alpha_fhtml

US Congress Office of Technology Assessment (1989) Copyright amp home copying Technology challenges the law Washington DC Government Printing Office

US Congress Office of Technology Assessment (1990a) Critical connections Communication for the future Washington DC Government Printing Office

US Congress Office of Technology Assessment (1990b) Helping America compete The role of federal scientific and technical information Washington DC Government Printing Office

US Congress Office of Technology Assessment (1993) Making government work Electronic delivery of federal services Washington DC Government Printing Office

US Congress Office of Technology Assessment (1994) Electronic enterprises Looking to the future Washington DC Government Printing Office

US Congress Office of Technology Assessment (1994) Information security and privacy in network environments Washington DC Government Printing Office

US Department of Commerce National Telecommunications and Information Administration (1993) The National Information Infrastructure Agenda for action Washington DC GPO

US Department of Justice (2004) Report of the Department of Justicersquos task force on intellectual property httpwwwusdojgovcriminalcybercrimeIPTaskForceReportpdf [see Ashcroft (2004)]

US General Accounting Office [Government Accountability Office as of 2004] (1994) Information superhighway Issues affecting development Washington DC Government Printing Office

Walterscheid Edward C (1994) To promote the progress of science and useful arts The background and origin of the intellectual property clause of the United States Constitution Journal of Intellectual Property Law 2(1) httpwwwlawschugaedu~jiplvol2walterschtml

Wardrop Martin (2002) Copyright and intellectual property protection for indigenous heritage In Aboriginal Art Online httpwwwaboriginalartonlinecomforumdebatephp

Warwick Shelly (2002) Copyright for libraries museums and archives The basics and beyond In Tomas Lipinski (Ed) Libraries museums and archives Legal Issues and ethical challenges in the new information era (pp 235-255) Lanham MD Scarecrow Press


Waters Donald J (2007) Preserving the knowledge commons In Charlotte Hess amp Elinor Ostrom (Eds) Understanding knowledge as a commons From theory to practice (pp 145-167) Cambridge MA MIT Press

Weber Claire (2002) Designing drafting and implementing new policies In Tomas Lipinski (Ed) Libraries museums and archives Legal Issues and ethical challenges in the new information era (pp 303-319) Lanham MD Scarecrow Press

Winner Langdon (1980) Do artifacts have politics Daedalus 109(1) 121-136

Woodmansee Martha (1984) The genius and the copyright Economic and legal conditions of the emergence of the ldquoauthorrdquo Eighteenth-Century Studies 17(4) 425-448

World Intellectual Property Organization (c 2004) Intellectual property and traditional knowledge httpwwwwipointtkenpublicationsindexhtml

Young Edward (1759) Conjectures on original composition Dublin

Selected law reviews and journals of special interest to copyright

Berkeley Technology Law Journal httpwwwlawberkeleyedujournalsbtlj

Cardozo Arts amp Entertainment Law Journal httpwwwcardozoyueduaelj

Duke Law amp Technology Review httpwwwlawdukeedujournalsdltr

Harvard Journal of Law amp Technology httpjoltlawharvardedu

Intellectual Property Law Review httpweblexis-nexiscomuniverseformacademics_lawrevhtml_m=0cd7a31f47f9114a4483775c1cafe6e4ampwchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVbamp_md5=592d0d3acbc667e6898e441696cad113[a more general source]

Journal of Intellectual Property Law httpwwwlawugaedujipl

Journal of the Copyright Society httpwwwcsusaorghtmlpublicationsjournaljournalhtm

Law and Contemporary Problems httpwwwlawdukeedujournalslcp

Richmond Journal of Law amp Technology httplawrichmondedujoltindexasp

Stanford Technology Law Review httpstlrstanfordeduSTLRCore_Pageindexhtm

Governmental and Commercial Serial Sources of Government Information

Code of Federal Regulations

Congressional Digest

Congressional Information Service


Congressional Quarterly

Congressional Record

C[ongressional] Q[uarterly] Weekly Reports

Federal Register

Supreme Court Reporter

US Code

US Code and Congressional and Administrative News

US Code Annotated

United States Supreme Court Reports

Journals and Other Serial Sources on Information Policy and Government Information

Annual Review of Information Science and Technology

Atlantic Monthly

The Bowker Annual Library and Book Trade Almanac

Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science

Communications Yearbook

Electronic Public Information Newsletter

EPIC [Electronic Privacy Information Center] Alert

ERIC

EDUCAUSE Review

Federal Computer Week

Government Computer News

Government Information Quarterly

Government Technology

Harpers

Information Communication and Society

Information Management Review

Information Processing and Management


The Information Society

Internet Research Electronic Networks Applications and Policy (formerly Electronic Networking Research Applications and Policy)

Internet World

Journal of Academic Librarianship (especially its Information Policy column)

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (formerly the Journal of the American Society for Information Science)

Journal of Communication

Journal of Government Information An International Review of Policy Issues and Resources (formerly Government Publications Review) now combined with Government Information Quarterly

Journal of Information Science

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management

Journal of Policy Research

The Journal of Politics

Knowledge

Knowledge in Society

Minerva A Review of Science Learning and Policy

Philosophy and Public Affairs

Policy Sciences

Policy Studies Journal

Policy Studies Review

Privacy Journal

Proceedings of the ASIS Annual Meeting

Public Administration Review

Public Affairs Information Service

Research Policy

Sage Yearbook of Politics and Public Policy

Science

Scientific American


Science and Public Policy

Serials Review

Technology Review

Telecommunications Policy

Utne Reader

Wired

Newspapers

Los Angeles Times httpwwwlatimescom

New York Times httpwwwnytimescom

Wall Street Journal httpwwwwsjcom

Washington Post httpwwwwashingtonpostcom

Other online sources

(Barry Kitersquos) Aberrant Art httpwwwaberrantartcom

American Society of Composers Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) httpwwwascapcomindexhtml

Legislation httpwwwascapcomlegislation

Association of American Publishers (AAP) httpwwwpublishersorgGovernment Affairs httpwwwpublishersorggovtindexcfm

(University of California) Berkeley Center for Law amp Technology httpwwwlawberkeleyedu80institutesbclt

Chilling Effects httpwwwchillingeffectsorg

Coalition for Networked Information (CNI) httpwwwcniorg

(United States) Code httpwwwlawcornelleduuscode

(Compiler Pressrsquo) Compleat World copyright Website [sic] httpwwwcompilerpressatfreewebcomjournalhtm

Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (CPSR) httpwwwcpsrorgdoxhomehtml

(US) Congressional Research Service (CRS) httpwwwcnieorgnlecrs_mainhtml

Copyright and Fair Use (Stanford U) httpfairusestanfordedu


Copyright Clearance Center httpwwwcopyrightcom

Copyright Crash Course (Georgia Harpers home page on copyright and other ldquoIPrdquo topics) httpwwwutsystemeduogcintellectualpropertygkhbio2htm

Copyright Management Center httpwwwiupuiedu~copyinfo

(US Library of Congress) Copyright Office httplcweblocgovcopyright

Copyright Society of the USA httpwwwcsusaorg

Cornell University Computer Policy amp Law Program httpwwwcornelleduCPL

Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI) httpwwwcnrirestonvaus

(US) Department of Commerce (DoC) httpwwwdocgov

(US) Department of Justice (DoJ) httpwwwusdojgov

Digital Future Coalition httpwwwdfcorg

EDUCAUSE (formerly EDUCOM and CAUSE) httpwwweducauseedu

Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) httpwwwefforg

Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) httpwwwepicorg

(Terry Carrollrsquos 2002) FAQs about Copyright httpwwwtjccomcopyrightFAQ

(US) Federal Communication Commission (FCC) httpwwwfccgov

(US) Federal Register httpwwwaccessgpogovsu_docsacesaces140html

Findlaw httplawcrawlerfindlawcom

First Monday httpwwwfirstmondayorg

(US) General Accounting Office (GAO) httpwwwgaogov

(Harvard University) Information Infrastructure Project httpksgwwwharvardeduiip

Illinois Institute of Technology Institute for Science Law and Technology httpwwwkentlaweduislt

Information Infrastructure Task Force (IITF) httpiitfdocgov

ldquoIntellectual propertyrdquo httpinfengpiracoukIEtop007htmhttpwwwipmagcomarchivehtml

Institute for Technology Assessment (ITA) httpwwwmtppiorgitaindexhtm

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) httpietfcnrirestonvaus

Internet Society httpinfoisocorg


(Cornell University Law School) Legal Information Institute httpwwwlawcornelledu

Copyright law httpfattylawcornelledutopicscopyrighthtml

LexisNexis Academic Search Form (Guided [advanced] Search) httpweblexis-nexiscomuniverseformacademics_lawrev_morehtml_m=6e07cc386066f3f56cade6326e14af9campwchp=dGLbVlz-zSkVAamp_md5=bc11b79f6023e54a9faa1849a8b3a3e7

Library of Congress Marvel (Machine-Assisted Realization of the Virtual Electronic Library) httplcweblocgovhomepagelchphtml

US Congress Thomas system for full text of selected bills httpthomaslocgov

Library of Congress LOCIS (Library of Congress Information System) httpmoondogusaskcahytelnetus3us373html

National Academy of Sciences (NAS) httpwwwnasedu

National Academy Press (NAP) httpwwwnapedu

National Information Infrastructure Servers with comprehensive sources httpwwwcunyedulinksniihtml

(US) National Information Infrastructure Virtual Library httpniinistgov

National Science Foundation (NSF) httpwwwnsfgov

National Security Agency (NSA) httpwwwnsagov8080

National Technical Information Service (NTIS) FedWorld httpwwwfedworldgov

National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) httpwwwntiadocgov

(US) Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) httpwwwotanapedu -- see Institute for Technology Assessment -- and Princeton University archive of OTA reports httpwwwwwsprincetonedu~ota

Public Knowledge httpwwwpublicknowledgeorg

Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) httpwwwriaacomdefaultaspAnti-piracy httpwwwriaacomissuespiracydefaultasp

Software amp Information Industry Association httpwwwsiianetSIIA Anti-Piracy Division httpwwwsiianetpiracy

Telecommunications and Information Policy Institute httpwwwutexaseduresearchtipi

(University of California) UCCopyright httpwwwuniversityofcaliforniaeducopyright

especially see Additional Resources httpwwwuniversityofcaliforniaeducopyrightresourceshtml


University of Texas Libraries httpwwwlibutexasedu

Government information httpwwwlibutexasedugovernmentMore Govrsquot Information httpwwwlibutexasedugovernmentushtmlInternational Govrsquot Information

httpwwwlibutexasedugovernmentworldhtmlTexas Government Information

httpwwwlibutexasedugovernmenttexashtml

(Laura ldquoLollyrdquo Gasaway) When US Works Pass into the Public Domain httpwwwuncedu7Eunclngpublic-dhtm

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) httpwwwwipoint

Copyright and Related Rights httpwwwwipointabout-ipencopyrighthtml

[full Web site] httpwwwwipointcopyrightenFAQs About Copyright

httpwwwwipointcopyrightenfaqindexhtmBerne Convention httpwwwwipointtreatiesenipberneindexhtmlWIPO Copyright Treaty

httpwwwwipointdocumentsendiplconfdistribtreaty01htmIntellectual Property Digital Library httpwwwwipointipdlen


INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

GRADING

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS




Assignments




Element

Examples of Evaluative Criteria

REFERENCES






Federal Register


US Code Annotated



Newspapers

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 3

Expectations of studentsrsquo performance 4

Analysis and holism 5

Standards for written work 6

Some editing conventions for studentsrsquo papers 10

Grading 11

Texts and other tools 12

List of assignments 13

Schedule 14

Assignments 17

Suggestions for writing policy analysis 20

References 23

References in the schedule and assignments 23Selected other court cases 26Selected additional readings [papers chapters monographs] 27

Selected law reviews and journals of special interest to copyright 38Governmental and commercial serial sources of government

information 39Journals and other serial sources on information policy and

government information 39Newspapers 41Other online sources 41


INTRODUCTION







































Be specific


Give examples







































CONTINUED

















CONTINUED



















Symbol Meaning




caps capitalize


dB database


ITAL italicize

j journal





PL plural

Q question




sp spelling

SING singular

w with

wc word choice


GRADING





























LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS





















SCHEDULE










online









dissents]

































ASSIGNMENTS

















































AND






bull Abstract

bull Introduction






bull Key issues




bull References







Select the criteria



Decide







Executive summary



the dilemma



Issue statement


Policy alternatives




outcomes

References

Appendices








described







REFERENCES






















































































































































































































































































































Federal Register


US Code


US Code Annotated




Atlantic Monthly






ERIC

EDUCAUSE Review





Harpers







Internet World









Knowledge




Policy Sciences



Privacy Journal




Research Policy


Science

Scientific American



Serials Review

Technology Review


Utne Reader

Wired

Newspapers















































































INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

GRADING

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS




Assignments




Element


REFERENCES






Federal Register


US Code Annotated



Newspapers

INTRODUCTION







































Be specific


Give examples







































CONTINUED

















CONTINUED



















Symbol Meaning




caps capitalize


dB database


ITAL italicize

j journal





PL plural

Q question




sp spelling

SING singular

w with

wc word choice


GRADING





























LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS





















SCHEDULE










online









dissents]

































ASSIGNMENTS

















































AND






bull Abstract

bull Introduction






bull Key issues




bull References







Select the criteria



Decide







Executive summary



the dilemma



Issue statement


Policy alternatives




outcomes

References

Appendices








described







REFERENCES






















































































































































































































































































































Federal Register


US Code


US Code Annotated




Atlantic Monthly






ERIC

EDUCAUSE Review





Harpers







Internet World









Knowledge




Policy Sciences



Privacy Journal




Research Policy


Science

Scientific American



Serials Review

Technology Review


Utne Reader

Wired

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ERIC

EDUCAUSE Review





Harpers







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Privacy Journal




Research Policy


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Serials Review

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INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

GRADING

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REFERENCES






Federal Register


US Code Annotated



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ERIC

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Knowledge




Policy Sciences



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Science

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INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

GRADING

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS




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REFERENCES






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EDUCAUSE Review





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INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

GRADING

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS




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REFERENCES






Federal Register


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ERIC

EDUCAUSE Review





Harpers







Internet World









Knowledge




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INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

GRADING

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS




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US Code


US Code Annotated




Atlantic Monthly






ERIC

EDUCAUSE Review





Harpers







Internet World









Knowledge




Policy Sciences



Privacy Journal




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INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

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Atlantic Monthly






ERIC

EDUCAUSE Review





Harpers







Internet World









Knowledge




Policy Sciences



Privacy Journal




Research Policy


Science

Scientific American



Serials Review

Technology Review


Utne Reader

Wired

Newspapers















































































INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

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Atlantic Monthly






ERIC

EDUCAUSE Review





Harpers







Internet World









Knowledge




Policy Sciences



Privacy Journal




Research Policy


Science

Scientific American



Serials Review

Technology Review


Utne Reader

Wired

Newspapers















































































INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

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LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS




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REFERENCES






Federal Register


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US Code


US Code Annotated




Atlantic Monthly






ERIC

EDUCAUSE Review





Harpers







Internet World









Knowledge




Policy Sciences



Privacy Journal




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Science

Scientific American



Serials Review

Technology Review


Utne Reader

Wired

Newspapers















































































INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

GRADING

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS




Assignments




Element


REFERENCES






Federal Register


US Code Annotated



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US Code


US Code Annotated




Atlantic Monthly






ERIC

EDUCAUSE Review





Harpers







Internet World









Knowledge




Policy Sciences



Privacy Journal




Research Policy


Science

Scientific American



Serials Review

Technology Review


Utne Reader

Wired

Newspapers















































































INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

GRADING

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS




Assignments




Element


REFERENCES






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US Code Annotated



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US Code


US Code Annotated




Atlantic Monthly






ERIC

EDUCAUSE Review





Harpers







Internet World









Knowledge




Policy Sciences



Privacy Journal




Research Policy


Science

Scientific American



Serials Review

Technology Review


Utne Reader

Wired

Newspapers















































































INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

GRADING

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS




Assignments




Element


REFERENCES






Federal Register


US Code Annotated



Newspapers




bull Abstract

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US Code


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Atlantic Monthly






ERIC

EDUCAUSE Review





Harpers







Internet World









Knowledge




Policy Sciences



Privacy Journal




Research Policy


Science

Scientific American



Serials Review

Technology Review


Utne Reader

Wired

Newspapers















































































INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

GRADING

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS




Assignments




Element


REFERENCES






Federal Register


US Code Annotated



Newspapers





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Decide







Executive summary



the dilemma



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Appendices








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REFERENCES






















































































































































































































































































































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US Code


US Code Annotated




Atlantic Monthly






ERIC

EDUCAUSE Review





Harpers







Internet World









Knowledge




Policy Sciences



Privacy Journal




Research Policy


Science

Scientific American



Serials Review

Technology Review


Utne Reader

Wired

Newspapers















































































INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

GRADING

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS




Assignments




Element


REFERENCES






Federal Register


US Code Annotated



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Executive summary



the dilemma



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US Code


US Code Annotated




Atlantic Monthly






ERIC

EDUCAUSE Review





Harpers







Internet World









Knowledge




Policy Sciences



Privacy Journal




Research Policy


Science

Scientific American



Serials Review

Technology Review


Utne Reader

Wired

Newspapers















































































INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

GRADING

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS




Assignments




Element


REFERENCES






Federal Register


US Code Annotated



Newspapers

REFERENCES






















































































































































































































































































































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US Code


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ERIC

EDUCAUSE Review





Harpers







Internet World









Knowledge




Policy Sciences



Privacy Journal




Research Policy


Science

Scientific American



Serials Review

Technology Review


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Wired

Newspapers















































































INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

GRADING

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS




Assignments




Element


REFERENCES






Federal Register


US Code Annotated



Newspapers







































































































































































































































































































Federal Register


US Code


US Code Annotated




Atlantic Monthly






ERIC

EDUCAUSE Review





Harpers







Internet World









Knowledge




Policy Sciences



Privacy Journal




Research Policy


Science

Scientific American



Serials Review

Technology Review


Utne Reader

Wired

Newspapers















































































INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

GRADING

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS




Assignments




Element


REFERENCES






Federal Register


US Code Annotated



Newspapers



Internet World









Knowledge




Policy Sciences



Privacy Journal




Research Policy


Science

Scientific American



Serials Review

Technology Review


Utne Reader

Wired

Newspapers















































































INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

GRADING

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS




Assignments




Element


REFERENCES






Federal Register


US Code Annotated



Newspapers


Serials Review

Technology Review


Utne Reader

Wired

Newspapers















































































INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

GRADING

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS




Assignments




Element


REFERENCES






Federal Register


US Code Annotated



Newspapers





























































INF 390N2



Symbol Meaning

GRADING

LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS




Assignments




Element


REFERENCES






Federal Register


US Code Annotated



Newspapers

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