Copyright © 2020 byAnthony John Udchitz Tess Elizabeth Adam.All rights reserved.

This book is for theSuperGoddess Tess Elizabeth Adam Lady Caeleste.I like Snakes because I was born a Water Snake in Chinese Zodiac Astrology.I should have told Tess that but I was just so very too afraid that she would compare us, compare our compatibility, and that I would lose her. I really tried to tell her but I just couldn’t do it. I’m a Libra too. I am very serious about the meaning of Astrology.

This book is the first attempt to produce a bibliography of these specificSnake parasites.

References:

Anderson, D.R. [et al.] 1968.Three new coccidia (Protozoa: Teleosporea) from Kingsnakes, Lampropelitis spp., in Illinois, with a redescription of Eimeria zamenis Phisalix, 1921.Journal of Parasitology 54:577-581.

Ball, G.H. [et al.] 1967.The life history of Hepatozoon rarefaciens (Sambon and Selingmann, 1907) from Drymarchon corais (Colubridae), and its Experimental Transfer to Constrictor constrictor (Boidae).Journal of Parasitology 53(5):897-909.

Barrow, J.H. & J.J. Stockton. 1960.The influences of temperature on the host-parasite relationships of several species of snakes infected with Entamoeba invadens.Journal of Protozoology 7:377-383.

Bledsoe, B. 1980.Sarcocystis idahoensis sp.n. in deer mice Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner) and gopher snakes Pituophis melanoleucus (Daudin).Journal of Protozoology 27:93-102.

Bledsoe, B. 1980.Transmission Studies With Sarcocystis idahoensis Of Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) And Gopher Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus).Journal of Wildlife Diseases 16(2):195-201.

Brogan, J.E. 2019.Gastric Cryptosporidiosis in Snakes: a review.Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 29(3/4):71-86.

Chao, J. & G.H. Ball. 1969.Transfer of Hepatozoon rarifaciens (Sambon and Seligmann, 1907) from the indigo snake to a gopher snake by a mosquito vector.Journal of Parasitology 55:681-682.

Clark, G.W. & J. Bradford. 1969.Blood parasites of some reptiles of the Pacific northwest.Journal of Protozoology 16:578-581.

Conn, D.B. & C.T. McAllister. 1990.An Aberrant Acephalic Metacestode and Other Parasites of Masticophis flagellum (Reptilia:Serpentes) from Texas.Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 57(2):140-145.

Daszak, P. & A. Cunningham. 1995.A Report of Intestinal Sarcocystosis in the Bullsnake (Pituophis melanoleucus sayi) and a Re-evaluation of Sarcocystis sp. from Snakes of the Genus Pituophis.Journal of Wildlife Diseases 31(3):400-403.

Daszak, P. [et al.] 2011.A New Species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the western hognose snake, Heterodon nasicus (Serpentes: Xenodontidae) from Texas.Journal of Parasitology 97(3):463-465.

Davis, J.R. [et al.] 2012.Snake parasitism in an urban old-growth forest.Urban Ecosystems 15:739-752.

Duszynski, D.W. [et al.] 1977.Eimeria crotalviridis n.sp. from Prairie rattlesnakes, crotalus viridis viridis, in New Mexico, with data on the excystation of sporozoites and ultrastructure of the oocyst wall.Journal of Protozoology 24:359-361.

Enzeroth, R. [et al.] 1985.Sarcocystis crotali sp.n. with the Mojave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus)-mouse (Mus musculas) cycle.Archiv fur Protistenkunde 129:19-23.

Fantham, H.B. & A. Porter. 1954.The endoparasites of some North American Snakes and their effects in the Ophidia.Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 123:867-898.

Ferguson, L.V. & T.G. Smith. 2014.Fecundity Reduction in the Second Gonotrophic Cycle of Culex pipiens Infected with the Apicomplexan Blood Parasite, Hepatozoon sipeon.Journal of Parasitology 100(4):442-446.

C.P. Godshalk. [et al.] 1986.Gastric hypertrophy associated with cryptosporidiosis in a snake.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

Haklova, B. [et al.] 2004.Phylogenetic relationship of Hepatozoon blood parasites found in snakes from Africa, America and Asia.Parasitology 141:389-398.

Hall, R.W. & J.H. Camin. 1960.Haemogregarines in snakes: The incidence and identity of the erythrocytic stages.Journal of Parasitology 46:515-523.

Harris, D.J. 2015.Survey of Hepatozoon (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) Blood Parasites in Small Mammals and Snakes from the Huyck Preserve, New York.Northeastern Naturalist 22(1):209-212.

Hilman, J.L. & R.W. Strandtmann. 1960.The incidence of Hepatozoon serpentium in some Texas snakes.Southwest Naturalist 5:226-228.

Hull, R.W. & J.H. Camin. 1960.Haemogregarines in Snakes: The Incidence and Identity of the Erythrocytic Stages.Journal of Parasitology 46(4):515-523.

Lindsay, D.S. [et al.] 1991.Sporocysts isolated from the southern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix) produce Sarcocystis montanaensis-like sarcocysts in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster).Journal of Wildlife Diseases 27:148-152.

Lindsay, D.S. [et al.] 1992.Demonstration that Sarcocystis montanaensis has a speckled kingsnake-prairie vole life cycle.Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 59:9-15.

Lowichuk, A. & R.G. Yaeger. 1987.Ecological Aspects of Snake Haemogregarine Infections from two Habitats in Southern Louisiana.Journal of Parasitology 73(6):1109-1115.

Lowichuk, A. [et al.] 1993.Gametogenesis and Sporogony of Hepatozoon Moccassini (Apicomplexa: Adeleina: Hepatozoidae) in an Experimental Mosquito Host, Aedes Aegypti.Eukaryotic Microbiology 40(3):287-297.

Marquart, W.C. 1966.Haemogregarines and Haemoproteus in some reptiles in southern Illinois.Journal of Parasitology 52:823-824.

Marquardt, W.C. & R.G. Yaeger. 1967.Blood parasites of cottonmouth snakes from Louisiana.Journal of Protozoology 14(Suppl.):15-16.

McAllister, C.T. & S.J. Upton. 1989.Coccidian Parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) of Nerodia spp. (Serpentes: Colubridae) with a description of a New Species of Eimeria.Eukaryotic Microbiology 36(3):271-274.

McAllister, C.T. [et al.] 1990.A new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the green water snake, Nerodia cyclopion (Reptilia: Serpentes), in Arkansas, U.S.A.Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 109:69-73.

McAllister, C.T. [et al.] 1995.Coccidian Parasites (Apicomplexa) from Snakes in the Southcentral and Southwestern United States: New Host and Geographic Records.Journal of Parasitology 81(1):63-68.

McAllister, C.T. [et al.] 1996.Sarcocystis sp. (Apicomplexa) from the New Mexico Ridgenose Rattlesnake, Crotalus willardi obscurus (Serpentes: Viperidae) from Sonora, Mexico.Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 63(1):128-130.

McAllister, C.T. [et al.] 2011.Caryospora duszynskii (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From the Speckled Kingsnake, Lampropeltis holbrooki (Reptilia: Ophidia) in Arkansas, With a Summary of Previous Reports.Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science 65:176-179.

McAllister, C.T. [et al.] 2012.A New Species Of Caryospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From The Flathead Snake, Tantilla Gracilis (Ophidia: Colubridae) In Southeastern Oklahoma.Journal of Parasitology 98(3):640-642.

McAllister, C.T. [et al.] 2013.

First Report of Sarcocystis sp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) from Oklahoma Snakes (Ophidia: Colubridae).Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Sciences 93:33-36.

McAllister, C.T. [et al.] 2015.Hematozoa (Apicomplexa: Haemogregarinidae, Hepatozoidae) from Two Turtles (Testudines: Chelydridae, Emydidae) and Two Snakes (Ophidia: Colubridae, Viperidae) from Southeastern Oklahoma.Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 95:119-124.

McAllister, C.T. [et al.] 2015.A New Host for Caryospora lampropeltis (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Eastern Hognose Snake, Heterodon platirhinos (Ophidia: Colubridae: Dipsadinae), from Arkansas, U.S.A., with a Summary of Hosts of this Coccidian.Comparative Parasitology 82(1):151-154.

McAllister, C.T. [et al.] 2015.A new species of Isospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from eastern coachwhip, Coluber flagellum flagellum (Reptilia: Ophidia) from Oklahoma.Acta Parasitologia 60(3):466-470.

McAllister, C.T. [et al.] 2016.A new coccidian (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Midland Brown Snake, Storeria dekayi wrightorum Trapido (Ophidia: Colubridae) from Arkansas, USA.Systematic Parasitology 93(1):77-82.

McAllister, C.T. [et al.] 2017.Coccidian Parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Of Arkansas Herpetofauna: A Summary With Two New State Records.Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science 71:143-152.

McAllister, C.T. [et al.] 2017.First Report of a Hepatozoon sp. (Apicomplexa: Adeleina: Hepatozoidae) from Midland Water Snake, Nerodia sipedon pleuralis (Ophidia: Colubridae), from Missouri.Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 97:79-82.

McAllister, C.T. [et al.] 2017.New Host and Distributional Records for parasites (Apicomplexa, Trematoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Acarina) of Texas Herpetofauna.Comparative Parasitology 84(1):42-50.

McAllister, C.T. [et al.] 2018.A new coccidian parasite (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae: Eimeria) from the southern black racer, Coluber constrictor priapus (Reptilia: Ophidia: Colubridae) from Arkansas, U.S.A.Acta Parasitologia: doi.org/10.1515/ap-2018-0064.

McAllister, C.T. [et al.] 2018.A new species of Isospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from eastern coachwhip, Coluber flagellum flagellum (Reptilia: Ophidia) from Oklahoma.Acta Parasitologia 63(3):558-562.

McAllister, C.T. [et al.] 2019.Endoparasites (Apicomplexa, Monogenoidea, Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala) from Eleven Reptiles (Testudines: Lacertilia: Ophidia) of McCurtain County, Oklahoma, Including the First Report of the Endogenous Stages of Eimeria robisoni (Eimeriidae).Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 98:101-111.

MCBride, D.L. 2009.Distribution and Status of the Brazos Water Snake, Nerodia Harteri Harteri.M.Sc. from Tarleton State University: Stephanville, Texas.

McKinstry, D.M. 1973.Blood parasites in snakes of northwestern Pennsylvania.Journal of Parasitology 59:343.

Muzzall, P.M. 2005.Parasites of Amphibians and Reptiles from Michigan: A Review of the Literature 1916-2003.Michigan Department of Natural Resources.Research Report 2077.

Nadler, S.A. & J.H. Miller. 1984.A Redescription of Hepatozoon moccassini (Lavern, 1902) n.comb. From Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma Troost, 1836.Eukaryotic Microbiology 31(2):321-324.

Reeves, L.E. [et al.] 2018.Interactions between the invasive Burmese Python, Python bivittatus Kuhl, and the local mosquito community in Florida, USA.PloS ONE 13(1):e0190633.

Roudabush, R.L. & G.R. Coatney. 1937.On some blood protozoa of reptiles and amphibians.Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 56:291-297.

Roudabush, R.L. 1937.Some coccidia of reptiles found in North America.Journal of Parasitology 23:354-359.

Sambon, L.W. & C.G. Saligmann. 1907.Descriptions of five New Species of Haemogregnrines from snakes.

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 77(2):283-284.

Smith, T.G. [et al.] 1994.The development of Hepatozoon sipedon sp.nov. (Apicomplexa: Adeleina: Hepatozoidae)in its natural host, the Northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon sipedon), in the culicine vectors Culex pipiens and C. territans, and in an intermediate host, the Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens).Parasitology 80:559-568.

Smith, T.G. [et al.] 1996.Life cycles, morphological characteristics, and host specificity of Hepatozoon species infecting eastern garter snakes from Ontario.Canadian Journal of Zoology 74:1850-1856.

Smith, T.G. & S.S. Desser. 1998.Ultrastructural Features of Cystic and Merogonic Stages of Hepatozoon sipedon (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) in Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens) and Northern Water Snakes (Nerodia sipedon) from Ontario, Canada.Eukaryotic Microbiology 45(4):419-425.

Smith, T.G. [et al.] 1999.Phylogenetic relationships among Hepatozoon species from snakes, frogs and mosquitoesof Ontario, Canada, determined by IT-1 nucleotide sequences and life-cycle, morphology and developmental characteristics fn1.International Journal for Parasitology 29(2):293-304.

Soria-Diaz, L. [et al.] 2019.Parasites in feces of the endemic rattlesnake, Crotalus triseriatus (Serpentes: Viperidae), from Mexican highlands.ZOOLOGIA 36:e29587.

Telford, S.R. 1997.Coccidian parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) of the endemic Florida snake Tantilla relictaTelford (Serpentes: Colubridae).Systematic Parasitology 36:17-25.

Telford, S.R. [et al.] 2001.Haemogregarine Specificity in Two Communities of Florida Snakes, With Descriptions of Six New Species of Hepatozoon (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) and a Possible Species of Haemogregarina (Apicomplexa: Haemogregarinidae).Journal of Parasitology 87(4):890-905.

Telford, S.R. [et al.] 2002.The Status of Haemogregarina Mansoni Sambon and Seligmann from Zamenis Flagelliformis Laurenti.

Journal of Parasitology 88(4):783-785.

Telford, S.R. [et al.] 2002.Hepatozoon Species (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) of the Corn Snake, Elaphe Guttata (Serpentes: Colubridae) and the Pigmy Rattlesnake, Sistrurus Milliarius Barbouri (Serpentes: Viperidae) in South Florida.Journal of Parasitology 88(4):778-782.

Telford, S.R. & C.R. Bursey. 2003.Comparative Parasitology of Squamate Reptiles Endemic to Scrub and Sandhills Communities of North-central Florida, U.S.A.Comparative Parasitology 70(2):172-181.

Telford, S.R. [et al.] 2004.Hepatozoon Sauritus: A Polytopic Hemogregarine Of Three Genera And Four Species Of Snakes In North Florida. With Specific Identity Verified From Genome Analysis.Journal of Parasitology 90(2):352-358.

Telford, S.R. [et al.] 2005.Two Additional Hepatozoon Species (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) From The Southern Black Racer, Coluber Constrictor Priapus (Serpentes: Colubridae), In Northern Florida.Journal of Parasitology 91(1):139-143.

Telford, S.R. [et al.] 2005.Hepatozoon Polytopis N.SP. Parasitic In Two Genera And Species Of Colubrid Snakes In Southern Florida.Journal of Parasitology 9(1):144-147.

Telford, S.R. [et al.] 2008.Hepatozoon Species of the Timber Rattlesnake in Northern Florida: Description of a New Species, Evidence of Salivary Gland Oocysts, and a Natural Cross-Familial Transmission ofan Hepatozoon Species.Journal of Parasitology 94(2):520-523.

Telford, S.R. 2010.Three New Hepatozoon Species (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) Infecting The Florida Kingsnake, Lampropeltis Getula Florididana.Journal of Parasitology 96(1):162-169.

Telford, S.R. [et al.] 2012.Four additional Hepatozoon species (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) from north Florida ratsnakes, genus Pantherophis.Folia Parasitologica 59(3):167-172.

Turner, H.M. 2011.

A History of Field Parasitology Studies Originating From the Reelfoot Lake Region of Tennessee and Kentucky.Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 86(2):73-93.

Upton, S.J. [et al.] 1984.A new species of Caryospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriorina) from Elaphe spp. (Serpentes: Colubridae) of the southeastern and central United States.Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 103:240-244.

Upton, S.J. & C.T. McAllister. 1988.Three New Species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Nerodia rhombifem (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Texas.Eukaryotic Microbiology 35(4):511-513.

Upton, S.J. [et al.] 1989.Cryptosporidium Spp. In Wild And Captive Reptiles.Journal of Wildlife Diseases 25(1):20-30.

Upton, S.J. & C.T. McAllister. 1990.The Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) of Serpentes, with descriptions of three new species from colubrid snakes.Canadian Journal of Zoology 68:855-864.

Upton, S.J. & C.J. Oppert. 1991.Description of the oocysts of Eimeria arnyi n.sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the eastern ringneck snake Diadophis punctatus arnyi (Serpentes: Colubridae).Systematic Parasitology 20:195-197.

Upton, S.J. [et al.] 1991.Description of the oocysts of Eimeria septemvittata n.sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from queen snakes, Regina septemvittata (Serpentes: Colubridae) in Arkansas.Systematic Parasitology 20:199-201.

Upton, S.J. [et al.] 1992.Description of the oocysts of two new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the rough earth green snake Virginia striatula (Serpentes: Colubridae) in Texas and Arkansas.Systematic Parasitology 23:51-54.

Upton, S.J. [et al.] 1992.Description of Two New Species of Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriorina) from Flat-Headed Snakes, Tantilla gracilis (Serpentes: Colubridae) and Reclassification of Misnomer Species within the Genera Isospora and Sarcocystis from Snakes.Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 111(1):50-60.

Upton, S.J. [et al.] 1994.Caryospora masticophis n.sp. (Apicomplexa) from Masticophis flagellum and Coluber constrictor (Serpentes) in Arkansas, U.S.A.Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 113(3):395-399.

Van Peenen, P.F.D. & T.L. Birdwell. 1968.Coccidian parasites of the California Banded King Snake, Lampropeltis getulus californiae.Parasitology 58(2):349-354.

Wacha, R.S. 1972.Coccidia from the red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sertalis parietalis, in Iowa.Journal of Protozoology 19(Suppl.):13-14.

Wacha, R.S. & J.L. Christiansen. 1974.Systematics of the eimerian parasites from North American snakes of the family Colubridae, and their prevalence in the colubrids of Iowa.Journal of Protozoology 21(4):483-489.

Wacha, R.S. 1975.Two new species of Eimeria from colubrid snakes in Iowa.Journal of Protozoology 22:453-454.

Wacha, R.S. & J.L. Christiansen. 1982.Development of Caryospora bigenetica n.sp. (Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae) in Rattlesnakes and Laboratory Mice.Eukaryotic Microbiology 29(2):272-278.

Walley, H.D. [et al.] 2012.Nerodia sipedon: Northern Water Snake.Repositories.lib.utexas.edu

Wozniak, E.J. & S.R. Telford. 1991.The fate of Hepatozoon species naturally infecting florida black racers and watersnakes in potential mosquito and soft tick vectors, and histological evidence of pathogenicity in unnatural host species.International Journal for Parasitology 21(5):511-516.

Wozniak, E.J. [et al.] 1994.Description of the Vertebrate stages of a Hemogregarine Species Naturally Infecting Mojave Desert Sidewinders (Crotalus cerastes cerastes).Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 25(1):103-110.