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Transcript of Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Government LO 1.1: Describe the key...
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
GovernmentLO 1.1: Describe the key functions of government and explain why they matter.
• Government makes public policies made for society.
• Governments must perform five basic functions.• Maintain a national defense.• Provide public services.• Preserve order.• Socialize the young.• Collect taxes.
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.1
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.1
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.1
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
PoliticsLO 1.2: Define the various aspects of politics.
• Politics is the process by which we select our governmental leaders and what policies they pursue.
• Harold Lasswell defines politics as the struggle over who gets what, when, and how.
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.2
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Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
The Policymaking SystemLO 1.3: Assess how citizens can have an impact on public policy and how policies can impact people.
• People Shape Policy• Policies Impact People
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.3
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
The Policymaking System
• People Shape Policy• People have interests, problems, and
concerns.• The four linkage institutions are political
parties, elections, mass media, and interest groups.
LO 1.3
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
The Policymaking System
• People Shape Policy (cont.)• Policy agenda is the issues that attract the
serious attention of public officials.• The four policymaking institutions are the
legislative branch, executive branch, judicial branch, and the bureaucracy.
LO 1.3
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
The Policymaking System
• Policies Impact People• Public policy is a choice that government
makes in response to a political issue.• Policy impacts are the effects a policy has
on people and problems.
LO 1.3
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.3
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.3
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
DemocracyLO 1.4: List the key principles of democracy, theories regarding how it works in practice, and challenges it faces today.
• Traditional Democratic Theory• Three Contemporary Theories of
American Democracy• Challenges to Democracy• American Political Culture and
Democracy• A Culture War?• Preview Questions about Democracy
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Democracy
• Traditional Democratic Theory• Democracy is a system in which policy
represents and responds to the public’s preferences.
• Five components of Traditional Democratic Theory are equality in voting, effective participation, enlightened understanding, citizen control of the agenda, and inclusion.
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Democracy
• Three Contemporary Theories of American Democracy• Pluralist Theory is a theory of government
and policies emphasizing that politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies.
• Groups must bargain and compromise to get policies.
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Democracy
• Three Contemporary Theories of American Democracy (cont.)• Elite and Class Theory contends that
societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule.
• Policies benefit those with money and power.
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Democracy
• Three Contemporary Theories of American Democracy (cont.)• Hyperpluralism is a theory of government
and politics contending that groups are so strong that government is weakened.
• Confusing and contradictory policies result from politicians trying to placate every group.
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Democracy
• Challenges to Democracy• Increased complexity of issues make it
harder for citizens to make decisions.• Limited participation in government,
especially voting.• Escalating campaign costs stop people
from running for office.• Diverse political interests result into policy
gridlock.
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Democracy
• American Political Culture and Democracy• Political culture is an overall set of values
widely shared within a society.• Five elements of American political culture
are liberty, egalitarianism, individualism, laissez-faire, and populism.
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Democracy
• A Culture War?• James Q. Wilson believes that America is
a more polarized nation today than at any time in living memory.
• Other scholars believe that there is relatively little evidence of a so-called culture war going on among ordinary American citizens.
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Democracy
• Preview Questions about Democracy• Are people knowledgeable about matters
of public policy?• If there are choices, do the media help
citizens understand them?• Is Congress representative of American
society, and is it capable of reacting to changing times?
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
The Scope of Government in AmericaLO 1.5: Explain the debate in America over the proper scope of government.
• How Active Is American Government?
• Preview Questions about the Scope of Government
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
The Scope of Government in America
• How Active Is American Government?• Spends $3.8 trillion yearly.• Employs 2.8 million civilians and 1.4 million
in the military.• It owns one-third of the land in the United
States.• It occupies 2.6 billion square feet of office
space.
LO 1.5
To Learning Objectives
LO 1.5
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
The Scope of Government in America
• Preview Questions about the Scope of Government• What role did the Constitution’s authors
foresee for the federal government?• Does the public favor a large, active
government?• Is Congress too responsive to the
demands of the public and organized interests?
LO 1.5
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
LO 1.1Summary
• Describe the key functions of government and explain why they matter.• All governments perform include maintaining a
national defense, providing public services, preserving order, socializing the young, and collecting taxes.
• These functions matter because they impact our lives.
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Which of the following is an example of a public good?
A. College education
B. Automobile insurance
C. Home ownership
D. National defense
LO 1.1
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Which of the following is an example of a public good?
A. College education
B. Automobile insurance
C. Home ownership
D. National defense
LO 1.1
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
LO 1.2Summary
• Define the various aspects of politics.• Politics determines who our leaders are and
what policies they pursue.• The who of politics is the voters, candidates,
parties, and groups; the what is the benefits and burdens of government; the how is the various ways in which people participate in politics.
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Politics determines who we select as our governmental leaders and policies these leaders pursue.
A. who
B. what
C. when
D. how
LO 1.2
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Politics determines who we select as our governmental leaders and policies these leaders pursue.
A. who
B. what
C. when
D. how
LO 1.2
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
LO 1.3Summary
• Assess how citizens can have an impact on public policy and how policies can impact people.• Citizens’ interests and concerns are
transmitted through linkage institutions to the policy agenda of the policymaking institutions.
• The policies that are made then influence peoples’ lives.
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
All of the following are considered linkage institutions EXCEPT
A. the media.
B. interest groups.
C. political parties.
D. courts.
E. elections.
LO 1.3
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
All of the following are considered linkage institutions EXCEPT
A. the media.
B. interest groups.
C. political parties.
D. courts.
E. elections.
LO 1.3
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
LO 1.4Summary
• List the key principles of democracy, theories regarding how it works in practice, and challenges it faces today.• Key principles of democracy are equality in
voting, effective participation, enlightened understanding, citizen control of the agenda, and inclusion.
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
LO 1.4Summary
• List the key principles of democracy, theories regarding how it works in practice, and challenges it faces today.• The theories regarding how democracy works
in practice are the pluralist theory, elitist and class theory, and hyperpluralist theory.
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
LO 1.4Summary
• List the key principles of democracy, theories regarding how it works in practice, and challenges it faces today.• Challenges democracy faces today are
complexity of issues today, citizens’ limited participation, escalating campaign costs, and the policy gridlock resulting from diverse political interests.
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
According to Robert Dahl’s traditional democratic theory, an ideal democratic process should satisfy all of the following criteria EXCEPT
A. equality in voting.
B. effective participation.
C. enlightened understanding.
D. majority rule.
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
According to Robert Dahl’s traditional democratic theory, an ideal democratic process should satisfy all of the following criteria EXCEPT
A. equality in voting.
B. effective participation.
C. enlightened understanding.
D. majority rule.
LO 1.4
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
LO 1.5Summary
• Explain the debate in America over the proper scope of government.• Politicians debate if the scope of government
responsibilities is too vast, just about right, or not comprehensive enough.
• This debate concerns whether the goals that are agreed to be important are best achieved through government action or rather through means other than government.
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
The annual budget of the federal government is nearly .
A. $4 trillion
B. $5 trillion
C. $6 trillion
D. $7 trillion
LO 1.5
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
The annual budget of the federal government is nearly .
A. $4 trillion
B. $5 trillion
C. $6 trillion
D. $7 trillion
LO 1.5
To Learning Objectives