Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Antecedent Control: Motivation...

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Antecedent Control: Motivation

Chapter 19


A Behavioral View of Motivation

• Motivating Operations (MO’s)– Events or operations that:

• Temporarily alter the effectiveness of consequences as reinforcers or punishers (value-altering effect)

• Influence behaviors that normally lead to those reinforcers or punishers (behavior-altering effect)

• Motivating Establishing Operations (MEOs)– Increase the effectiveness of a consequence as a reinforcer

• Motivating Abolishing Operations (MAOs)– Decrease the effectiveness of a consequence as a reinforcer


Unconditioned versus Conditioned Motivating

Operations• Unconditioned Motivating Operations (UMOs)– Value-altering effect is innate– Behavior-altering effect is learned

• Conditioned Motivating Operations (CMOs)– Value-altering effect is learned– Behavior-altering effect is learned


Figure 19.1 – Types of Motivating OperationsSource text: “In addition to distinguishing between MEOs and MAOs, we also distinguish between unconditioned and conditioned motivating operations (Michael, 1993); see Figure 19-1.” (page 231)


CMEOs and SDs

• SD

– A stimulus that has been correlated with the availability of a reinforcer for a particular behavior

– A cue that tells you what to do to get what you already want

• CMEO– Motivator that momentarily increases the value of a conditioned reinforcer and increases the likelihood of behavior that has led to that reinforcer in the past

– A cue that changes what you want and tells you what to do to get whatever it is that you now want


CMAOs and S∆s• S∆

– A stimulus in the presence of which a response has not been reinforced

– A cue that tells you that emitting a particular behavior will not lead to a reinforcer that you want

• CMAO– A motivator that momentarily decreases the value of a conditioned reinforcer and decreases the likelihood of behavior that has led to that reinforcer in the past

– Influences someone to no longer want a particular consequence, and decreases behavior that led to that consequence


SDs, S∆s, CMEOs and CMAOs

• Discriminative variables (SDs, S∆s) are related to differential availability of an effective form of reinforcement given a particular type of behavior

• Motivative variables (CMEOs, CMAOs) are related to the differential reinforcing effectiveness of environmental events


Application of Motivating Operations

• Teaching mands to children with autism– Mands – a request for something that a person wants •First type of verbal behavior acquired by a child

• Motivating seat belt use among senior drivers

• Decreasing self-injurious behavior maintained by attention

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Antecedent Control: Motivation...

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