Copyright © 2011, [email protected] Uniform and Non-Uniform Zoning for Load Balancing in Virtual...

Copyright © 2011, [email protected]

Uniform and Non-Uniform Zoning for Load Balancing in Virtual Environments

Ahmed, D.T.; Shirmohammadi, S.

Embedded and Multimedia Computing (EMC), 2010 5th International Conference on


Outline

• Introduction• Load Balancing for Non-Uniform Zones• Load Balancing for Uniform Zones

– Load Balancing– Load Handling

• Evaluations• Conclusions• Reference


Introduction

• In large-scale applications, resources are usually concentrated on a small number of nodes, which must apply sophisticated load-balancing algorithm to provide continuous and reliable resource access.

• For easy state administration, the virtual space is divided into multiple adjacent areas, technically called zones. At its simplest, a zone can be represented by a square or a triangle.


Introduction (Cont.)

• The workload on a server changes regularly due to the dynamic nature of players and their frequent movements across zones.

• Hence, a partitioning policy that works well for a static environment or for a slowly-changing environment may not be efficient for a highly dynamic application such as MMOGs.


Introduction (Cont.)

• Because of flocking behavior, this could lead to a serious problem called crowding in the virtual worlds - where a large number of players stay in a small area, for example during a battle.

• A load-balancing algorithm attempts to assign equal numbers of players to partitions while minimizing communication costs between partitions.


Load Balancing for Non-Uniform Zones

• In this adaptive zone-shaping approach, the game field is partitioned dynamically based on players’ logical position and interaction pattern.

• The bisection procedure is used to partition a zone into two sub-zones of nearly equal load while attempting to minimize the communication cost.


Load Balancing for Non-Uniform Zones (Cont.)

A B

A: XrYbXlYb Xl

B: XrYbXlYb Xr



• Zone Merging– One of the corresponding zone masters is capable of

handling the total load– The lengths of the zone names are equal– say l be the

length of the zone names– prefix( ZA) = prefix( ZB), and both prefix have length l − 1



• Dynamic Cut Movement

𝐼𝑎 = σ 𝐶𝑎,𝑣𝑣∈𝐴 𝐸𝑎 = σ 𝐶𝑎,𝑣𝑣∈𝐵

𝐷𝑎 = 𝐸𝑎 - 𝐼𝑎


Load Balancing for Uniform Zones

• Message generation rate, Rm(t), a better way to define the load of a zone.

𝑅𝑚 (𝑆𝑖 )=∑𝑗=1

𝑘

𝑟 𝑖𝑗

𝑇𝑚=𝐴𝑚+𝑝% ×𝐴𝑚

𝐴𝑚=∑𝑖=1

𝑛

𝑅𝑚 (𝑆𝑖 ) /𝑛


Load Balancing for Uniform Zones (Cont.)

• The proposed Multilevel Multiphase Load Balancing(MMLB) method is designed for fixed-size zones.

• It works in two phases.– The first phase works for the top level microcells and takes care of the

inter-server communication while regulating the load among the servers.

– The second phase decomposes the top-level microcells into the deep-level microcells and sheds load with the help of enclosing zone masters.


Load Balancing for Uniform Zones (Cont.)


Evaluations


Evaluations (Cont.)


Conclusions

• MMLB is designed for fixed-size zones which works in phases that can reduce load in a step-by-step manner and avoid problems associated with the current load balancing schemes.

• We also have presented another load balancing scheme for non-uniform zones using a bisection procedure that does not adhere to any predefined zone size.

• According to the simulation results, MMLB performs better than adaptive scheme especially for a series of hotspots.


Reference

Ahmed, D.T.; Shirmohammadi, S.; , "Uniform and Non-Uniform Zoning for Load Balancing in Virtual Environments," Embedded and Multimedia Computing (EMC), 2010 5th International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1-6, 11-13 Aug. 2010

Copyright © 2011, [email protected] Uniform and Non-Uniform Zoning for Load Balancing in Virtual...

Documents

Transcript of Copyright © 2011, [email protected] Uniform and Non-Uniform Zoning for Load Balancing in Virtual...