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Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Chapter 36 Mobility.
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Transcript of Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Chapter 36 Mobility.
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Chapter 36
Mobility
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Overview of Mobility
• Body alignment– Position of body parts in relation to each other
• Body mechanics– Purposeful and coordinated positions
– ROM reflects extent to which joint can move
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Physiology of Mobility
• Musculoskeletal system
• Neurological system– Proprioception
– Postural reflexes
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Exercise
• Types of exercises:– ROM exercise
– Aerobic
– Strengthening
– Isometric
– Isotonic
– Isokinetic
(continued)
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Exercise
• Physical fitness– Endurance and strength
– Joint flexibility
– Cardiorespiratory fitness
– Body composition
– Fitness in older adults
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Factors Affecting Mobility
• Health status• Developmental
stage– Children
– Adolescents
– Adults
• Environment• Attitudes and
beliefs• Lifestyle
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Physiological Effects of Mobility and Immobility
• Neurological effects and mental status
• Cardiovascular effects
• Respiratory effects
• Musculoskeletal effects
• Digestive effects
• Elimination effects
• Integumentary effects
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Mobility and the Nursing Process
• Assessment– Health history
– Physical examination• Musculoskeletal assessment
• Movement and gait
• Body alignment
• Endurance
(continued)
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Mobility and the Nursing Process
• Assessment– Physical examination
• Pathological alterations– Muscle impairments
– Contractures
(continued)
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Mobility and the Nursing Process
• Assessment– Physical examination
• Musculoskeletal trauma– Fracture
– Amputation
• Central nervous system damage– Spinal cord injury
(continued)
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Mobility and the Nursing Process
• Assessment– Neurological assessment
• Cranial nerves
• Motor system
• Sensory system
• Reflexes
– Functional assessment
(continued)
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Mobility and the Nursing Process
• Diagnosis– NANDA statements
• Activity intolerance
• Impaired physical mobility
• Risk of disuse syndrome
• Self-care deficits
• Ineffective health maintenance
• Risk for falls
(continued)
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Mobility and the Nursing Process
• Planning and outcome identification– Collaboration
– Bed rest
– Restorative care
– Health promotion and fitness
(continued)
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Mobility and the Nursing Process
• Implementation– Meeting psychosocial needs
– Applying principles of body mechanics
– Maintaining body alignment• Positioning
– Performing ROM exercises
(continued)
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Mobility and the Nursing Process
• Implementation– Employing transfer techniques
• Moving clients– Logrolling
• Transferring from bed to chair
• Transferring from bed to stretcher
• Using assistive devices
(continued)
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Mobility and the Nursing Process
• Implementation– Assisting with ambulation
• Preparing client to walk– Client education
– Preambulatory exercise
(continued)
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Mobility and the Nursing Process
• Implementation– Assisting with ambulation
• Using assistive devices– Canes
– Walkers
– Crutches
(continued)
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Mobility and the Nursing Process
• Implementation– Promoting wellness
• Health status
• Physical condition
• Age
• Client preferences
– Employing complementary and alternative treatment modalities
(continued)
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Mobility and the Nursing Process
• Evaluation– Balance dependence and independence
– Perform ongoing assessment• Physical assessment
• Functional assessment
• Performance of ADLs
(continued)
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Mobility and the Nursing Process
• Evaluation– Observe in client’s environment
• Home exercise programs
• Compliance