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Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications, Fifth Edition Allan R. Hambley




Figure 13.1 The npn BJT.




Figure 13.2 Bias conditions for pn junctions.




Figure 13.3 Only a small fraction of the emitter current flows into the base (provided that the collector–base junction is reverse biased and the base–emitter junction is forward biased).




Figure 13.4 Common-emitter circuit configuration for the npn BJT.




Figure 13.5 Common-emitter characteristics of a typical npn BJT.




Figure 13.6 See Exercise 13.4.




Figure 13.7 A simple common emitter amplifier that can be analyzed by load-line techniques.




Figure 13.8 Load-line analysis of the amplifier of Figure 13.7.




Figure 13.9 Load-line analysis for Example 13.2.




Figure 13.10 Voltage waveforms for the amplifier of Figure 13.7. See Example 13.2.




Figure 13.11 Output of the amplifier of Example 13.2 for vin(t) = 1.2 sin(2000πt) showing gross nonlinear distortion.




Figure 13.12 Amplification occurs in the active region. Clipping occurs when the instantaneous operating point enters saturation or cutoff. In saturation, vCE ≅ 0.2 V.




Figure 13.13 The pnp BJT.




Figure 13.14 Common-emitter characteristics for a pnp BJT.




Figure 13.15 Common-emitter amplifier for Exercise 13.8.




Figure 13.16 BJT large-signal models. (Note: Values shown are appropriate for typical small-signal silicon devices at a temperature of 300 K.)




Figure 13.17 Regions of operation on the characteristics of an npn BJT.




Figure 13.18 Bias circuit of Examples 13.4 and 13.5.




Figure 13.19 Load lines for Examples 13.4 and 13.5.




Figure 13.20 Circuit for Exercise 13.12.




Figure 13.21 Circuit for Example 13.6.




Figure 13.22 Four-resistor bias circuit.




Figure 13.23 Circuit for Example 13.7.




Figure 13.24 Illustration of the Q-point base current IBQ, signal current ib(t), and total current iB(t).




Figure 13.25 Comparison of ex and its approximation 1 + x.




Figure 13.26 Small-signal equivalentcircuit for the BJT.




Figure 13.27 Common-emitter amplifier.




Figure 13.28 Common-emitter amplifier of Example 13.8.




Figure 13.29 Source and output voltages for Example 13.8.




Figure 13.30 Emitter follower.




Figure 13.31 Emitter follower of Example 13.9.




Figure P13.12




Figure P13.14




Figure P13.16




Figure P13.17




Figure P13.19




Figure P13.29




Figure P13.32




Figure P13.39




Figure P13.44




Figure P13.45




Figure P13.45 (continued)




Figure P13.47




Figure P13.50




Figure P13.51




Figure P13.52




Figure P13.62




Figure P13.64




Figure P13.67




Figure T13.4




Figure T13.5




Table T13.1 (continued)

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