Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Unit 7 Hand Tools, Fasteners, and...

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Unit 7

Hand Tools, Fasteners, and Hardware


Hand Tools

• Essential for work in design, construction, maintenance, and repair


Classification of Tools

- Chisels and punches- Screwdrivers- Clamps- Wrecking tools- Digging tools

- Layout tools- Saws- Boring tools- Hammers - Pliers

- Wrenches


Layout Tools• Used to measure or mark materials• Examples

– rules– square– level– chalk line– tapes– plumb bob


Saws

• Used to cut wood or metal• Examples

– crosscut saw– ripsaw– dovetail saw– hacksaw– coping saw– bow saw


Boring Tools

• Used to make or change the size or shape of holes

• Examples– drill bits– power/hand drills– countersink


Hammers

• Rely on their weight and/or speed to move another tool or object

• Examples– claw hammers– sledges – peen hammers– mallets


Pliers

• Used to grip wood, metal, plastic, and other materials

• Examples– slip joint pliers – linesman’s pliers– locking pliers


Wrenches

• Used to turn nuts, bolts, or screws• Examples

– wrenches– sockets– ratchets


Chisels and Punches

• Used to cut or align materials as a result of being struck by a hammer

• Examples– cold chisel– wood chisel– center punch


Screwdrivers

• Used to turn screws or other fasteners• Examples

– flat head screwdriver– Phillips head screwdriver– torx screwdrivers– nut drivers


Clamps

• Used to draw and hold objects together• Examples

– C clamp– bar clamp– vise


Wrecking Tools

• Used to take apart existing structures and materials

• Examples– pry bar– wrecking bar


Digging Tools

• Used to turn, loosen, or remove earth• Examples

– shovel– mattock– hoe/trowel– rakes– posthole digger


Fasteners

• Any device used to hold two or more pieces of material together or in place

• Examples– nails– screws – nuts and bolts– washers


Nails

• Driven into the material to be held• Classified by use or form• Length measured by the “penny”• Generally made of steel or aluminum


Types of Nails

• Common—construction• Cut—tongue-and-groove flooring• Box—light household construction• Finishing—interior finishing• Shingle—nailing wood and shingles• Roofing—rolled roofing and composition shingles• Plasterboard—attach plasterboard to studs• Hinge—fasten hinges on doors and cabinets• Duplex—construction of concrete forms or electric fencing

insulators on wooden posts• Wire staple—wire fence construction• Lead head—galvanized steel roofing and siding


Screws

• Fastener with threads that bite into the material it fastens

• Classified according to the material to be held, the metal they are made from, the shape of the head, or the type of tool needed to turn them

• Size specified by the diameter and length of shank


Bolts

• Fastener used with a threaded nut• Usually straight with a round, square, or

hex head• Examples

– machine bolt– cap screw– stove bolt– plow bolt– carriage bolt


Important Terms

• Tool: instrument used in doing work• Hand tool: powered by hand• Power tool: operated by a power source other

than human power• Laminate: two or more flat pieces fastened

together with an adhesive• Adhesive: sticky substance• Diameter: distance across the center of a round

object• Shank: long stem part of a nail or screw


Important Terms (continued)• Head: enlarged top of a fastener• Galvanized: coated with zinc• Washer: flat disk with a hole in the center• Hardware: special fasteners• Hinge: pivots and permits a door or other object

to swing back and forth/up and down• Gussets: used to reinforce joints in wood and

metal• Flush plates: used to strengthen corners of frames

and doors

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Unit 7 Hand Tools, Fasteners, and...

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Transcript of Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Unit 7 Hand Tools, Fasteners, and...