Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.1 Chapter Four The Fragile Union: The Resurgence of...

Copyright Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.© 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd. 11

Chapter FourChapter Four

The Fragile The Fragile Union:Union:The Resurgence The Resurgence of Regionalismof Regionalism


For years, the Canadian, Ontario, and Manitoba

governments fought over

the boundary line between Ontario and

Manitoba. This map of Canada in 1882

shows the contested area.

Source: Based on information taken from National Topographic System map sheet number MCR 2306. © 1969, Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada with permission of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada.


Gabriel Dumont, military leader of the

Métis in 1885, and previously, in the

“buffalo days,” their leader in the hunt in the

South Saskatchewan River Valley.

Glenbow Archives, Calgary, Canada/NA-1177-1.


The University of Toronto’s “K”

Company, Queen’s Own Rifles, shown

immediately after their return from the

Northwest, by the doorway of University

College. A grateful University honoured its undergraduate soldiers

by exempting them from their annual examination, and

automatically giving them their academic

year.

University of Toronto Archives/A73-0093-002(39).


Military operations in the North-West

Rebellion, 1885. This map shows the routes of the three

military columns: to Batoche,

under Major General Middleton; to

Battleford, under Lieutenant

Colonel Otter; and to the

Ft. Pitt area, under Major General Strange.


Big Bear (front row, second from the left)

and Poundmaker (front row,

far right), shown at their trials, 1885. Father

André (back row, second from the right) spent the night before

Riel’s execution in prayer

with him. He walked with

him to the scaffold.



Louis Riel’s address to the jury during his

trial at Regina, late July 1885.



Honoré Jaxon, sitting by his

Library, which is about to be

transported to the New York

City dump, December 12,

1951

New York Daily News.


Immediately after Riel’s execution on November

16, 1885, French Canadians rose in protest

against the federal government. In Montreal, demonstrators burned Sir John Macdonald in effigy at the base of the statue

of Queen Victoria in Victoria Square.

From Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, November 28, 1885. Saskatchewan Archives Board/R-D1776.


A photo of the first inter-provincial

conference, called by Honoré

Mercier in 1887, to challenge

the authority of the federal government. The Quebec premier

appears seated second from the left.

Ontario’s Oliver Mowat,

the “Father of Provincial Rights,” is

seated in the centre. W.S. Fielding,

who tried during his premiership to take

NovaScotia out of Confederation, is

beside Mowat on the right.National Archives of Canada/C-11583.


Main Street and City Hall Square in

Winnipeg, about 1897. View looking southward toward Portage and Main.

The Winnipeg monument to the

Canadians who fought in 1885 appears on the

extreme left.

Provincial Archives of Manitoba/Simons Marguerite 5 (N10911).


Interior of a school near Vulcan, Alberta,

at the turn of the century. Teachers

insisted that children from non–English-

speaking countries speak English in the classroom. Legally,

even French-Canadian students were obliged

to do so in Alberta after their first two

years of elementary school as a result of

ordinances passed by the territorial

government in the early1890s.


Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.1 Chapter Four The Fragile Union: The Resurgence of...

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