Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural...
-
Upload
alaina-jefferson -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
2
Transcript of Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural...
![Page 1: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D.
Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D.
The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar
NIGHT ARRIVES BETWEEN EUROPE & AFRICA
Copyright, 1998-2014, Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D., IDI, LLC, used with permission
![Page 2: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
When my father and mother applied for a job . . . They competed with people in the city they lived
When I applied for a job . . .
I competed with people living in the countryI lived
When my children apply for a job . . .
They compete against the world
Copyright, 1998-2014, Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D., IDI, LLC, used with permission
Andres Tapias, Keynote presentation given at the IDI, LLC annual conference, 2010, St. Paul, MN
![Page 3: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
This Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI®)
Cross-culturally validated assessment of intercultural competence 50 item questionnaire, “back translated” into 14 languages, available online
and in paper versions Includes open-ended questions & ability to add six unique questions Customized to Educational and Organizational applications Able to produce customized individual, group, sub-group and organization-
wide IDI profile reports All Individual IDI profile reports accompanied by customized, Intercultural
Development Plans IDI is cross-culturally validated with over 10,000 individuals across a wide
range of cultures—both domestic & international diversity No cultural bias and not “transparent” (i.e., no social desirability) Demonstrated content, construct and predictive validity in organizations and in
educational institutions Over 60 published articles & book chapters & 66 Ph.D. dissertations Used by 1,800 qualified IDI administrators in 30 countries
Copyright, 2007-2014 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D.
![Page 4: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How to Use the IDI to Build Intercultural Competence
Applications:
Individual:• Development• Leadership coaching
Classroom/team:• Training, classroom learning• Team/group development
Organizational:• Program evaluation• Research• Policy/Strategy revision
Restricted use:• Selection • Baseline/benchmarking/needs
analysis
Copyright, 1998-2014, Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D., IDI, LLC, used with permission
![Page 5: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Diversity, Inclusion & Intercultural Competence
• Presence of differences
Diversity: The Who
• Leveraging differences to increase contributions & opportunities for all
Inclusion: The What • “How” to achieve
Diversity representation & Inclusion goals
Intercultural Competence:
The How
Assessed by representation(e.g., how many . . . )
Assessed by outcomes(e.g., climate, tenureturnover, conflict)
Assessed by the IDI
Copyright, 1998-2014, Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D., IDI, LLC, used with permission
![Page 6: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Diversity: The Who
Local GlobalDomestic International
Regional/Pan-national (e.g., Arab)
National
Ethnic/Race
Other “Group” Diversities:Gender, physical abilities, sexual orientation, profession,
age/generational
Copyright, 1998-2013, Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D., IDI, LLC, used with permission
![Page 7: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Inclusion: The What
A key leadership goal in getting diverse resources in the organization
A key leadership goal on maximizing contributions from diverse resources
Involves leadership creating organizational processes that enhance performance, motivation, creativity and satisfaction across the diversity mosaic
Copyright, 1998-2014, Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D., IDI, LLC, used with permission
![Page 8: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Intercultural Competence: The How
The capability to shift cultural perspective and adapt—or bridge--behavior to cultural commonality & differenceDeep cultural self-awarenessDeep understanding of the experiences of people
from different cultural communities—in perceptions, values, beliefs, behavior and practices
Behavioral shifting across these various cultural differences
Copyright, 1998-2014, Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D., IDI, LLC, used with permission
![Page 9: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Intercultural Competence Development Focuses on . . .
Eliminating interpretations & behavior based on stereotypes
Evaluative overgeneralizations,
personal traits assigned to group
Stereotypes support less complex perceptions & experience of cultural
differences & commonalities
Increasing interpretations & behavior based on cultural
generalizations/frameworks
Neutral, relative descriptions of a
group’s preferences
Cultural generalizations support more complex
perceptions & experience of cultural differences &
commonalities
Copyright, 1998-2014, Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D., IDI, LLC, used with permission
![Page 10: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Two Ways of Thinking about Culture:Objective vs. Subjective Culture
Food
Customs Dance
Art & Music
Games & SportObjective
ValuesBeliefs
Myths
Language
SocialExpectationsSubjective
Roles
Copyright, 1998-2014, Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D., IDI, LLC, used with permission
![Page 11: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Intercultural Competence is focused on Subjective Culture
Subjective Culture:
Shared perceptions & behavior of a group of people
Behave
Feel
Think
Varies by individual
Shared
Learned
Central preferences (norms) in a community define “what culture is”
Out-of-Awareness & Deeply Ingrained
Copyright, 1998-2014, Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D., IDI, LLC, used with permission
![Page 12: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Intercultural Competence is IMPORTANT & Central to Team Performance
Distefano’s research compared the performance of homogenous and diverse teams
Reference: Distefano, J.J., Creating Value with Diverse Teams in Global Management, Organisational Dynamics, Vol 29, No. 1, pp 45-63, 2000
Monocultural Teams
Leaders acknowledge and support cultural differences
Cultural differences become an asset to performance
MulticulturalTeams
Num
ber
of T
eam
s
Leaders ignore and suppress cultural differences
Cultural differences become an obstacle to performance
MulticulturalTeams
Performance
Copyright, 1998-2014, Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D., IDI, LLC, used with permission
![Page 13: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Unlike Other Approaches . . . The IDI assesses intercultural competence along
the Intercultural Development Continuum (Adapted from the DMIS model (Bennett, 1986; 1993)
This assessment tool & model is: Holistic—assesses mind/action sets; not individual
personality, knowledge, attitude or skill dimensionsDevelopmental—not typological Interculturally grounded—explains how individuals
and/or group experience cultural differences & commonalities
Copyright, 1998-2014, Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D., IDI, LLC, used with permission
![Page 14: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Why the IDI is Different from Other Assessments Tools:
Interculturally Competent Practices . . .
Occur at a level supported by the individual’s underlying developmental orientation
Training, education & leadership development efforts at building intercultural competence are more successful when focused on the individual’s underlying developmental orientation
As assessed by the IDICopyright, 2007-2014 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D.
![Page 15: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Intercultural Development Continuum
Denial
Polarization
Minimization
AcceptanceAdaptation
Modified from the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS), M. Bennett, 1986
Monocultural Mindset
Intercultural Mindset
Misses Difference
Judges Difference
De-emphasizes Difference
Deeply Comprehends Difference
Bridges across Difference
CulturalDisengagement
Scale
Sense of disconnection from a primary cultural community
Copyright, 1998-2014, Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D., IDI, LLC, used with permission
![Page 16: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Four Most Common Questions about the IDI
Step 1: Conduct cross-cultural
interviewsStep 2: Generate
intercultural items
Step 3: Pilot test with intercultural
sample Step 4: Cross-
cultural “expert panel” review
Step 5: Select “best” items from
Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Step 6: Finalize scales, reliability & validity testing
Is it biased? NO: Multi-cultural
item generation
Who does it apply to?Breadth—across wide variety
of cultural groups
Is it predictive of results?YES: Criterion validity shown on bottom-lineorganization results
Is it accurate?YES: Construct, contentvalidity & high reliability
Copyright, 1998-2014, Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D., IDI, LLC, used with permission
![Page 17: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Higher the Staffing Team’s IDI Score—the More Successful in Hiring Diverse Talent
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Team 6
Team 4
Team 2
Team 1
Team 3
Team 5
Minimization AcceptancePolarization
(Defense /Reversal)
GreaterDiversityHiring
LessDiversityHiring
Copyright, 1998-2013, Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D., IDI, LLC, used with permission
![Page 18: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
IDI Predictive Validity in Study Abroad
Hammer, M.R. (2011). Additional cross-cultural validity testing of the Intercultural Development Inventory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35, 474-487.
Greater intercultural competence predicts:
Increased knowledge, interest in
other cultures
Less intercultural
anxiety
More intercultural friendships
Higher study abroad
satisfaction
Copyright, 1998-2013, Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D., IDI, LLC, used with permission
![Page 19: Copyright, 2007, 2009 Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. Mitchell R. Hammer, Ph.D. The Intercultural Development Inventory® (IDI® Qualifying Seminar NIGHT ARRIVES.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d835503460f94a69436/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Instrument Development Criteria
IDI Fully Meets
Criteria
1. Testing confirmed the underlying theoretical framework of the IDI—the Intercultural Development Continuum or
IDC (e.g., high inter-rater reliabilities based on in-depth interview analysis & correlational analysis)
✔
1. IDI items reflect perspectives of people from a wide range of international and domestic cultural groups (e.g.,
through in-depth interviews)
✔
1. IDI does not contain cultural bias (e.g., initial pool of items generated from statements made by culturally diverse
interviewees—not by the researchers)
✔
1. IDI validity and reliability results confirmed in large, multicultural samples—over 10,000 individuals (e.g., using
rigorous Confirmatory Factor Analysis in item/scale analysis)
✔
1. IDI has strong “content” validity (e.g., initial item pool generated from actual statements made by interviewee’s
from a wide-range of cultural groups & Expert Panel Review used to narrow item pool—with high inter-rater
reliabilities)
✔
1. IDI has strong “construct” validity (IDI Orientations correlated as predicted to Worldmindedness (cognitive
measure) and Intercultural Anxiety (affective measure)
✔
1. IDI has strong “predictive” validity in organizations (e.g., IDI predictive of success in diversity recruitment and
hiring)
✔
1. IDI has strong “predictive” validity in education (e.g., IDI predictive of achievement of study abroad outcomes)
✔
1. IDI Developmental Orientation and Perceived Orientation scores are highly reliable (.82, .83, coefficient alpha & all
sub-scales achieved satisfactory reliabilities)
✔
1. Readability analysis of the IDI indicates the IDI is appropriate for individuals 15 years of age or higher)
✔