Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Police Technology Police...

Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Police Technology Police Technology Chapter SevenChapter Seven

Communications Communications Dispatch CentersDispatch Centers


Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

How hardwired and wireless How hardwired and wireless universal universal emergency numberemergency number calls reach a calls reach a public safety answering pointpublic safety answering point..

What kinds of information are What kinds of information are automatically included in a 9-1-1 callautomatically included in a 9-1-1 call

Basic functions of Basic functions of computer aided computer aided dispatchdispatch systems systems

Basic functions of an Basic functions of an intelligent intelligent transport systemtransport system


IntroductionIntroduction

The dispatch center’s The dispatch center’s primary purpose: primary purpose:

Manage calls for Manage calls for service from the service from the public public

Provide Provide communication and communication and information support to information support to field field police officerspolice officers

Some center’s are the Some center’s are the first point of collection first point of collection of police statisticsof police statistics

Photograph provided by Gary Allen, Dispatch Monthly Magazine


Public Safety Answering PointPublic Safety Answering Point

The first task of the dispatch center is to be the The first task of the dispatch center is to be the

public safety answering point (PSAP)public safety answering point (PSAP)

Today, 9-1-1 calls go to the PSAP


Universal Emergency NumberUniversal Emergency Number

Before 9-1-1, people Before 9-1-1, people

could: could: dial the operator or dial the operator or dial the police (fire, dial the police (fire,

ambulance) directlyambulance) directly

The telephone operator was The telephone operator was the de facto public safety the de facto public safety answering point. answering point.



When 9-1-1 service began, you When 9-1-1 service began, you were connected with your PSAP, were connected with your PSAP, but only your telephone number but only your telephone number was available to the PSAP. No was available to the PSAP. No address, name, etc. address, name, etc.



Your telephone sends out an Your telephone sends out an automatic automatic identification number (AIN)identification number (AIN) signal (the signal (the telephone number and a digit telephone number and a digit representing the area code). representing the area code).

Think about your own caller ID system. The number you see on the display is the AIN signal, IF you pick up, you hear the voice signal!


When a 9-1-1 call is made, the voice When a 9-1-1 call is made, the voice signal and the AIN pass through the signal and the AIN pass through the local exchange carrier switch and local exchange carrier switch and are routed through the 911 tandem. are routed through the 911 tandem.

The tandem reads the AIN and The tandem reads the AIN and forwards the call to the appropriate forwards the call to the appropriate PSAP.PSAP.




Enhanced 9-1-1Enhanced 9-1-1 automatically automatically queries a telephone company queries a telephone company database that converts AIN database that converts AIN information into the physical location information into the physical location of the telephone. of the telephone.

The information on the location is the The information on the location is the automatic location information (ALI)automatic location information (ALI)



Your telephone number and location are automatically displayed to the PSAP operator

Screen capture provided by Crimestar, Inc

Telephone Number

Location


What about cellular 9-1-1 calls?What about cellular 9-1-1 calls?

ANI information is obtained in a similar ANI information is obtained in a similar manner….manner….

But, cellular telephone do not have a fixed But, cellular telephone do not have a fixed location…….in the past, cellular telephones location…….in the past, cellular telephones determined the default PSAP by transferring determined the default PSAP by transferring your call to a regional agency, like the state your call to a regional agency, like the state police.police.


Angle on Arrival (AOA).Angle on Arrival (AOA).

A cellular telephone A cellular telephone location can be location can be determined using Time determined using Time Distance on Arrival and Distance on Arrival and Angle on Arrival Angle on Arrival


Angle on Arrival (AOA).Angle on Arrival (AOA).The signal from at least The signal from at least

two cell sites is used to two cell sites is used to

calculate the position of calculate the position of

the vehicle the vehicle


Angle on Arrival (AOA).Angle on Arrival (AOA).Based on the position Based on the position

as as calculated, the cellular calculated, the cellular system routes the call system routes the call to the appropriate to the appropriate PSAP, PSAP,


Computer-Aided DispatchComputer-Aided Dispatch

CAD describes CAD describes software software applications and applications and hardware that assist hardware that assist in the management in the management of dispatching calls of dispatching calls for service. for service.

It is a management It is a management tool that automates tool that automates the many functions the many functions of a dispatch center. of a dispatch center.

Photograph provided by Randall Larson, Editor, 9-1-1 Magazine



Also provides access to other Also provides access to other databases and acts as interface databases and acts as interface software in the two-way voice software in the two-way voice communications between dispatch communications between dispatch and the field units. and the field units.



CAD systems are CAD systems are used by many used by many companies that companies that dispatch vehicles – dispatch vehicles – delivery, taxis, delivery, taxis, buses, etc.buses, etc.




The most important part of The most important part of CAD is theCAD is the

software and various other software and various other systemssystems

with which CAD can interface. with which CAD can interface.

The workstation is The workstation is connected to the connected to the commercial telephone commercial telephone networknetwork

It captures information It captures information about 9-1-1 calls and field-about 9-1-1 calls and field-generated incidents – generated incidents – constructs a huge constructs a huge relational databaserelational database




On the strategic side, a fully On the strategic side, a fully integrated CAD system can be integrated CAD system can be sued to sued to

Assess deployment needsAssess deployment needs Provide information on problem Provide information on problem

locationslocations Provide the initial incident Provide the initial incident

number that will be sued to number that will be sued to reference all subsequent reference all subsequent evidence, reports, and police evidence, reports, and police activitiesactivities



Some PSAPs Some PSAPs

Handle emergency calls for police, Handle emergency calls for police, fire, and emergency medical servicesfire, and emergency medical services

Handle the police, but transfer Handle the police, but transfer fire/medical calls fire/medical calls

Have dispatchers handling business Have dispatchers handling business calls throughout the police stationcalls throughout the police station


Obtain Info

Location?

Offense?

Weapons?

Descriptions?

Caller Info?

Update Info

Keep Caller on Line

CALL RECEIVED

Emergency?

Yes?

E 9-1-1 provides ANI and converts the info into the call for service. Verify ANI info


Obtain Info

Location?

Offense?

Weapons?

Descriptions?

Caller Info?

Update Info

Keep Caller on Line

CALL RECEIVED

Emergency?

Yes?

No? Transfer?

Provide info Yes?

No?

Information?

Yes?

No?

Cold Crime?No?

Other Action


Obtain Info

Location?

Offense?

Weapons?

Descriptions?

Caller Info?

Update Info

Keep Caller on Line

CALL RECEIVED

Emergency?

Yes?

No? Transfer?

Provide info Yes?

No?

Information?

Yes?

No?

Cold Crime?No?

Other Action

Yes?

Obtain Info

Offense?

Location?

When?

Caller Info?

Contact at?


Nonemergency Points of ContactNonemergency Points of Contact

3-1-1: Non-emergency 3-1-1: Non-emergency telephone calls (some telephone calls (some jurisdictions)jurisdictions)

4-1-1: Directory 4-1-1: Directory informationinformation

6-1-1: Telephone repair6-1-1: Telephone repair


Intelligent Transportation SystemsIntelligent Transportation Systems

ITS allows dispatcher ITS allows dispatcher access to real-timeaccess to real-time

Traffic information from: Traffic information from: Closed-circuit television Closed-circuit television

(CCTV)(CCTV) cameras cameras Sensors under the Sensors under the

street.street.


Intelligent Transportation SystemsIntelligent Transportation Systems

Can give emergency Can give emergency responders information responders information on:on: Nature of emergencyNature of emergency Best Route to locationBest Route to location


Police TechnologyPolice Technology

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Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Police Technology Police...

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Transcript of Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Police Technology Police...