Copyright 2005 1 12.77 seconds for 100m (28 kph).

Copyright2005

1

12.77 secondsfor 100m (28

kph)

Copyright2005

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Above-The-KneeAmputee

Earle Connor CA


kph)

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

From: http://www.paralympic.ca/english/athens2004/Athletes/CONNOR_EARLE.asp

Copyright2005

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Above-The-KneeAmputee

Earle Connor CA


kph)

A Physical Exo-Prosthesis



From: http://www.paralympic.ca/english/athens2004/Athletes/CONNOR_EARLE.asp

Copyright2005

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21.97 secondsfor 200m (32.5kph)

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Improvements needed 2005-08:5% for the QF

6.5% for the SF10% for the Gold

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Double Below-The-Knee

Amputee Oscar Pistorius ZA


A Physical Exo-Orthosis

From: IEEE Spectrum, June 2005, p. 13http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/WEBONLY/resource/jun05/0605nspo.html

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PHYSICAL PROSTHESESTo recover lost functionality

• External Prostheses• Spectacles, ...• Renal dialysis machines, iron

lungs, ...• Exo-Prostheses

• Contact lenses, Hearing-aids, …• Artificial Limbs, ...

• Endo-Prostheses• Shoulders, hips, knees, stents, ...

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PHYSICAL ORTHOSESTo extend functionality

• External Orthoses• Binoculars, telescopes, ...• Decompression chambers, space-suits, ...• Teleoperation incl. Remotely-Controlled

Arms, Haptics (tele-feedback to touch), ...

• Exo-Orthoses• Walking-sticks, Cricket bats, ...• Night-glasses, …• Artificial limbs, ...

• Endo-Orthoses• Pig-hearts for humans ?

Copyright2005

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Above-the-Elbow Amputee

Peter Eberle AU

“The nerves at the top of the arm

tell the muscles to contract. …The muscle emits myo-electrical

impulses that are detectedby the arm’s [battery-operated]

CPU, which tells the motorin the hand to move”

From: ‘Keen gardener gets dynamic lifter’The Sydney Morning Herald, 5 July 2005

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Above-the-Elbow Amputee

Peter Eberle AU

“The nerves at the top of the arm

tell the muscles to contract. …The muscle emits myo-electrical

impulses that are detected by the arm’s [battery-operated]

CPU, which tells the motor in the hand to move”

An Intelligent Physical Exo-Prosthesis

(Otto Bock Ltd & GmbH)

From: ‘Keen gardener gets dynamic lifter’The Sydney Morning Herald, 5 July 2005

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Stelarc’s Performance Art





From: http://www.stelarc.va.com.au/cards/copernicus.jpg

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Steve Mann’s Wearcam, Sousveillance, etc.



From: http://wearcam.org/

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Steve Mann’s Wearcam, Sousveillance, etc.



From: http://wearcam.org/

A Neurological Exo-Prosthesis

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The Boston Retinal Implant Project

Surviving retinal cells are [to be] electrically stimulated

to pass signals to the brain that it interprets as sight



From: http://www.bostonretinalimplant.org/project/prosthesis.xml

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Electrical pulses are generated in the patient's ear

which generate the impression of sound.22 electrodes replace tens of thousands of

hair cells



From: http://www.BionicEar.org/

An Intelligent Physical Prosthesis

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Electrical pulses are generated in the patient's ear

which generate the impression of sound.22 electrodes replace tens of thousands of

hair cells



From: http://www.BionicEar.org/

An Intelligent Physical Prosthesis

A Neurological Endo-Prosthesis

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Kevin chip-in-arm Warwick





From: http://www.kevinwarwick.com/

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NEUROLOGICALPROSTHESES and ORTHOSES

• External• Virtual Reality, Haptics, ...

• Exo-• Steve Mann’s visual/sousveillance, ...

• Endo-• Neurologically-controlled arificial

limbs, Cochlear implants, Chip implants, ...

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Cyborgism and Robotics• Robot – from art to engineering

Coined by Karel Çapek 1918, 1921 for mass-produced men /serfs (‘R.U.R.’ – Rossum's Universal Robots)‘Robotics’ coined by Asimov in 1942, forthe engineering of computation-effector artefactsRobotic Engineering from the 1950s

• Cyborg – from engineering to artClynes & Kline 1960 – extra-terrestrial environments demand an enhanced human being

• Advanced Artificial Limbs (AALs) are RobotsSo People with AALs are robot-hybrids, now

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‘DIGITAL’ or ‘VIRTUAL’ PROSTHESES and ORTHOSES

• Agent-Principal Communications• Stock-Price Movement alerts• Arbitrage-Opportunity alerts• Asset-Security alerts (house, car, ...)

• Virtual Reality• Visualisation in 3D• Haptics (touch-feedback)

• Avatars• Gaming• Conferencing

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The Enhanced Persona – Opportunities

• The Digital Persona (1994 Vintage)a model of an individual's public personality based on data and maintained by transactionsand intended for use as a proxy for the individual

• Avatars – project Appearancedistant in Space and/or Time

• Agents – enable Actiondistant in Space and/or Time

• These are elements of Projected Persona• They create new opportunities for individuals

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The Enhanced Persona – Threats

• Avatars and Agents create opportunities for exploitation by Organisations as well, e.g.

• Surveillance Bots, watching People• Control Bots, acting on People

• Scope also exists for a Persona to be imposed or manipulated, e.g.

• Evidence Falsification• Evidence Planting

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Biological Prostheses and Orthoses

• Surgical Procedures• Joint Repairs (Knee, Hip)• Laser Eye Surgery• Elbow Enhancements, for baseball pitchers

• Gene Therapy / Intervention, e.g. for• Cystic Fibrosis• ...

• Genetic Selectivity / Eugenics, e.g.• Foetus-Screening (for termination)• Embryo-Screening (for IVF)• Germinal Choice Technology (for feature selection)

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Mental / ComputationalProstheses and Othoses?

• Computationally-Derived Intelligence / ‘AI’(complex algorithms), largely failed ...

• ... on to Biologically-Inspired Computing(simpler, ‘genetic’ rules), leading to ...

• Artificial Life(‘lifelike’ behaviour of digital artefacts)

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Human-Artefact HybridisationCategories of Artefacts

Physical Neurological Digital Biological

Prostheses• External• Exo• Endo

Orthoses• External• Exo• Endo

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Speculative Extensions

• New Sensors • Stelarc’s muscles stimulated by

external forces such as local internet traffic

• Magnetic and Electrical fields• Gravity• Telepathy, …• ...

• New Effectors• Induction• Telepathy, Telekinesis, …• ...

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Speculative Extensions

• Jacking in / Constructs / Partials / Dittos / ... (Vinge, Gibson, Bear, Egan, Brin, ...)

• Uploading (Moravec)

• ...

• Transhumanism (Esfandiary)

• The Singularity (Vinge)

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Likely Development Paths

• Research Sponsorship by:• Sports Industries• ‘The Aging Rich’• The Aerospace-Military Complex, now

the ‘Homeland Security’ Gravy-Train• Early Applications to:

• Sport• Individual Wellbeing and Survival• ‘Security’ (whose?)

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Some Impacts

• Social Control by Nation-States, Corporations:

• Surveillance and Control Robots, Cyborgs• Persona-Imposition• Orthosis-Imposition (e.g. chip-insertion)

• Power-Balance among Near-Human Entities

• Entity Rights• Existential Notions:

• Human-ness and Humanity• Individuality

Copyright 2005 1 12.77 seconds for 100m (28 kph).

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Transcript of Copyright 2005 1 12.77 seconds for 100m (28 kph).