Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin...
-
Upload
madeline-turner -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin...
![Page 1: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Chapter 6
The Skin in Health The Skin in Health and Diseaseand Disease
Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSDMartin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD
![Page 2: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Objectives:
• Name and describe the layers of the skin
• Describe the subcutaneous tissue
• Give the location and function of the accessory structures of the skin
• List the principal functions of the skin
• Summarize the information gained by observation of the skin
![Page 3: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
The Integumentary SystemThe Integumentary System
Skin and associated structures form integumentary system
![Page 4: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Structure of the SkinStructure of the Skin
Skin consists of two layers• Epidermis
• Strata• Dermis
• Blood vessels, nerve endings, and glands
![Page 5: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Cross section of the skin.
![Page 6: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Epidermis
Surface portion of the skin• Stratum basale or stratum germinativum• Stratum corneum
![Page 7: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Dermis
Contains most of the accessory structures of the skin• Blood vessels• Nerves• Sweat glands• Oil glands• Hair• Dermal papillae
![Page 8: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Checkpoint 6-1: The skin and all its associated structures comprise a body system. What is the name of this system?Checkpoint 6-2: The skin itself is composed of two layers. Moving from the superficial to the deeper layer, what are the names of these two layers?
![Page 9: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Subcutaneous Layer
Connects the skin to the surface muscles• Loose connective tissue• Adipose (fat) tissue• Blood vessels• Nerves and nerve endings
![Page 10: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Checkpoint 6-3: What is the composition of the subcutaneous layer?
![Page 11: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Accessory Structures Accessory Structures of the Skinof the Skin
Some structures of the integumentary system protect the skin and have some more generalized functions as well
![Page 12: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Sebaceous (Oil) Glands
Produce a variety of secretions• Sebum• Vernix caseosa• Eye lubrication
![Page 13: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands
Located in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue• Eccrine type sweat glands• Apocrine sweat glands• Ceruminous glands• Ciliary glands• Mammary glands
![Page 14: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Checkpoint 6-4: Some skin glands produce an oily secretion called sebum. What is the name of these glands?
Checkpoint 6-5: What is the scientific name for the sweat glands?
![Page 15: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Hair
Composed mainly of keratin and is not living• Hair follicles• Melanocytes• Arrector pili
![Page 16: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Portion of skin showing associated glands and hair.ZOOMING IN • How do the sebaceous glands and apocrine sweat glands secrete to the outside? What kind of epithelium makes up the sweat glands?
![Page 17: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Checkpoint 6-6: Each hair develops within a sheath. What is this sheath called?
![Page 18: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Nails
Made of keratin produced by cells that originate in the outer layer of the epidermis• Nail root• Nail plate• Nail bed• Lunula• Cuticle
![Page 19: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Nail structure.
![Page 20: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Functions of the SkinFunctions of the Skin
Four major functions• Protection against infection• Protection against dehydration (drying)• Regulation of body temperature• Collection of sensory information
![Page 21: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Protection Against Infection
Intact skin forms a primary barrier against invasion• Interlocking pattern resists penetration• Shedding removes pathogens• Protects against bacterial toxins• Protects against some harmful environmental
chemicals
![Page 22: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Protection Against Dehydration
Skin prevents water loss by evaporation• Keratin in the epidermis• Sebum release from the sebaceous glands
![Page 23: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Regulation of Body Temperature
Loss of excess heat and protection from cold are important functions of the skin• Constriction of blood vessels• Dilation of blood vessels• Evaporation of perspiration
![Page 24: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Collection of Sensory Information
Skin has many nerve endings and other special receptors• Free nerve endings• Touch receptors• Deep pressure receptors
![Page 25: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Other Activities of the Skin
• Absorption of substances such as medications• Excretion
• Water• Electrolytes• Wastes
• Manufacture of Vitamin D
![Page 26: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Checkpoint 6-7: What two mechanisms are used to regulate temperature through the skin?
![Page 27: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Observation of the SkinObservation of the Skin
Skin attributes can indicate a serious systemic disorder
![Page 28: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Color
Factors that influence skin color• Amount of pigment in the epidermis
• Melanin• Carotene
• Discoloration• Blood in surface blood vessels• Oxygen in blood• Hemoglobin in blood• Other chemicals in blood
![Page 29: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Checkpoint 6-8: What are some pigments that impart color to the skin?
![Page 30: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Lesions
Any wound or local damage to tissue• Surface lesions
• Macule• Papule• Vesicle• Pustule
• Deeper lesions• Excoriation• Laceration• Ulcer• Fissure
![Page 31: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Checkpoint 6-9: What is a lesion?
![Page 32: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Burns
Categorized by • Depth of damage
• Superficial partial-thickness• Deep partial-thickness• Full-thickness
• Amount of body surface area (BSA) involved• Rule of nines• Lund and Browder method
![Page 33: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Tissue RepairTissue Repair
Wound healing • Occurs only in areas with actively dividing cells
• Epithelial tissues• Connective tissues• Minimally in muscle and nervous tissue
• Is affected by• Nutrition• Blood supply• Infection• Age
![Page 34: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Checkpoint 6-10: What two categories of tissues repair themselves most easily?
![Page 35: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Effects of Aging on the Effects of Aging on the Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System
Changes in• Skin• Tissues• Pigment • Hair • Sweat glands • Circulation • Fingernails and toenails
![Page 36: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Care of the SkinCare of the Skin
• Proper nutrition• Adequate circulation• Regular cleansing
• Removes dirt and dead skin• Sustains slightly acid environment to inhibit
bacteria• Protection from sunlight
![Page 37: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Skin DisordersSkin Disorders
Range from superficial to deep-seated
![Page 38: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Dermatitis
• Inflammation of the skin• Dermatosis is any skin disease
![Page 39: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Psoriasis
• Chronic, recurrent overgrowth of epidermis• Sharply outlined red (erythematous) areas• Flat areas (plaques) covered with silvery scales• A hereditary pattern sometimes present• Immune disorder may be involved
![Page 40: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Checkpoint 6-11: What is the difference between dermatosis and dermatitis?
![Page 41: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Cancer
Skin cancer is most common form of cancer in the United States• Basal cell carcinoma• Squamous cell carcinoma• Melanoma
![Page 42: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Checkpoint 6-12: What is the name for a cancer of the skin’s pigment-producing cells?
![Page 43: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Acne and Other Skin Infections
• Acne• Sebaceous glands disease
• Impetigo• Staphylococcal or streptococcal origin
• Viral infections• Herpes simplex virus• Herpes zoster virus (shingles)• Human papillomavirus (HPV) (wart or verruca)
• Fungal infections• Tinea or ringworm
![Page 44: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Checkpoint 6-13: What are some viruses that affect the skin?Checkpoint 6-14: What causes tinea or ringworm infections?
![Page 45: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Alopecia (Baldness)
Factors that affect baldness• Heredity, aging, and male sex hormones (male pattern
baldness)• Systemic disease• Drugs
![Page 46: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Allergy and Other Immune Disorders
Often involve the skin• Allergy—reaction to a substance• Autoimmune disorders—reaction to one’s own tissues
• Pemphigus• Lupus erythematosus• Scleroderma
![Page 47: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Pressure Ulcers
Pressure ulcers are skin lesions that appear where the body rests on skin that covers bony projections.
![Page 48: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
Checkpoint 6-15: What are several autoimmune disorders that involve the skin?
![Page 49: Copyright © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 The Skin in Health and Disease Martin Ponciano, LVN, MS, DSD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e1b5503460f94b09934/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Cop
yri
ght
© 2
00
4 L
ipp
inco
tt W
illia
ms
& W
ilkin
s
The skin, like our personalities, have various layers, which perform distinct functions—it makes each person unique, obscure, yet familiar. It identifies each individual, yet under the microscope, our skin remains HUMAN in nature.
--Martin Ponciano =)