Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Chapter 27 Vital Signs Copyright 2003,...

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Chapter 27

Vital SignsChapter 27

Vital Signs

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA).

All rights reserved. No part of this product may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including input into or storage in any information system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

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Produced in the United States of America

ISBN 0-7216-9770-4


IntroductionIntroduction

Vital signs can provide you with a minimum level of determining a patient’s health status.

Vital signs can provide you with a minimum level of determining a patient’s health status.


Emotional influences• Stress• Fear

Physical influences• Illness• Drinking or eating• Rushed

Emotional influences• Stress• Fear

Physical influences• Illness• Drinking or eating• Rushed

Factors Influencing Vital SignsFactors Influencing Vital Signs


Degree of the hotness or coldness of body temperature.

Temperature readings• Average range for adult: 97.6° F - 99° F

Thermometer types• Glass (Figure 27-2) • Electronic (Figure 27-7)• Tympanic (Figure 27-8)

Procedure

Degree of the hotness or coldness of body temperature.

Temperature readings• Average range for adult: 97.6° F - 99° F

Thermometer types• Glass (Figure 27-2) • Electronic (Figure 27-7)• Tympanic (Figure 27-8)

Procedure

TemperatureTemperature


Fig. 27-2 Glass thermometer.Fig. 27-2 Glass thermometer.


Fig. 27-7 Electronic thermometer.Fig. 27-7 Electronic thermometer.


Fig. 27-8 Tympanic thermometer.Fig. 27-8 Tympanic thermometer.


A rhythmic expansion of the artery each time the heart beats.

Pulse sites• Radial artery• Brachial artery• Carotid artery

Pulse Characteristics• Rate• Rhythm• Volume

A rhythmic expansion of the artery each time the heart beats.

Pulse sites• Radial artery• Brachial artery• Carotid artery

Pulse Characteristics• Rate• Rhythm• Volume

PulsePulse


Pulse readings• Adult resting: 60-100 beats per minute• Child: 70-120 beats per minute

Irregularity• Arrhythmia: An irregularity in the force

or rhythm of the heartbeat Procedure

Pulse readings• Adult resting: 60-100 beats per minute• Child: 70-120 beats per minute

Irregularity• Arrhythmia: An irregularity in the force

or rhythm of the heartbeat Procedure

Pulse cont’dPulse cont’d


The process of inhaling and exhaling, or “breathing.”

Respiration characteristics• Rate: Total number of breaths per minute• Rhythm: Breathing pattern • Depth: Amount of air inhaled and exhaled

Respiration readings• Adult: 10-20 breaths per minute• Child to teenage: 18-30 breaths per minute

Procedure

The process of inhaling and exhaling, or “breathing.”

Respiration characteristics• Rate: Total number of breaths per minute• Rhythm: Breathing pattern • Depth: Amount of air inhaled and exhaled

Respiration readings• Adult: 10-20 breaths per minute• Child to teenage: 18-30 breaths per minute

Procedure

RespirationRespiration


The amount of work the heart has to exert to pump blood throughout the body.

Two pressures of the heart• Systolic: Reflects the amount of

pressure it takes for the left ventricle of the heart to compress or push oxygenated blood out into the blood vessels.

• Diastolic: The heart muscle at rest when it is allowing the heart to take in blood to be oxygenated before the next contraction.

The amount of work the heart has to exert to pump blood throughout the body.

Two pressures of the heart• Systolic: Reflects the amount of

pressure it takes for the left ventricle of the heart to compress or push oxygenated blood out into the blood vessels.

• Diastolic: The heart muscle at rest when it is allowing the heart to take in blood to be oxygenated before the next contraction.

Blood PressureBlood Pressure


Blood pressure readings• Adult ‹130 systolic/‹ 85 diastolic

Blood pressure equipment• Sphygmomanometer

• Cuff• Rubber bulb

• Stethoscope • Automated blood pressure

Korotkoff sounds• Five phases of sounds

Blood pressure readings• Adult ‹130 systolic/‹ 85 diastolic

Blood pressure equipment• Sphygmomanometer

• Cuff• Rubber bulb

• Stethoscope • Automated blood pressure

Korotkoff sounds• Five phases of sounds

Blood Pressure cont’dBlood Pressure cont’d


Electrocardiogram: A graph or tracing of the heart’s activity • Cardiac cycle

Electrocardiogram: A graph or tracing of the heart’s activity • Cardiac cycle

Additional TechniquesAdditional Techniques

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Chapter 27 Vital Signs Copyright 2003,...

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