Copyright 2002 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Lecture 5 Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects...

Copyright 2002 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Copyright 2002 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Lecture 5Lecture 5

Identifying and Selecting Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Systems Development

ProjectsProjects5.15.1

COSC4406: Software Engineering

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Describe the project identification and Describe the project identification and selection processselection process

Describe the corporate strategic Describe the corporate strategic planning and information systems planning and information systems planning processplanning process

Explain the relationship between Explain the relationship between corporate strategic planning and corporate strategic planning and information systems planninginformation systems planning

5.25.2

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Describe how information systems planning can be Describe how information systems planning can be used to assist in identifying and selecting systems used to assist in identifying and selecting systems development projectsdevelopment projects

Analyze information systems planning matrices to Analyze information systems planning matrices to determine affinity between information systems and determine affinity between information systems and IS projects and to forecast the impact of IS projects IS projects and to forecast the impact of IS projects on business objectiveson business objectives

Describe the three classes of Internet electronic Describe the three classes of Internet electronic commerce applications: commerce applications:

Internet, Intranets and ExtranetsInternet, Intranets and Extranets

5.35.3

Identifying and Selecting IS Identifying and Selecting IS Development ProjectsDevelopment Projects

Sources of projectsSources of projects– Management and business unitsManagement and business units– Managers who want to make a system more Managers who want to make a system more

efficient or less costlyefficient or less costly– Formal planning groupsFormal planning groups

5.45.4

Identifying and Selecting IS Development Identifying and Selecting IS Development ProjectsProjects

Projects are identified byProjects are identified by– Top managementTop management– Steering committeeSteering committee– User departmentsUser departments– Development group or senior IS staffDevelopment group or senior IS staff

Top-Down IdentificationTop-Down Identification– Senior management or steering committeeSenior management or steering committee– Focus is on global needs of organizationFocus is on global needs of organization

5.65.6

The Process of Identifying and Selecting IS The Process of Identifying and Selecting IS Development ProjectsDevelopment Projects

Bottom-up IdentificationBottom-up Identification– Business unit or IS groupBusiness unit or IS group– Don’t reflect overall goals of the organizationDon’t reflect overall goals of the organization

5.75.7


Classifying and Ranking IS Development Classifying and Ranking IS Development ProjectsProjects– Performed by top management, steering Performed by top management, steering

committee, business units of IS development committee, business units of IS development groupgroup

– Value chain analysis is often usedValue chain analysis is often usedMethod to analyze an organization’s activities to Method to analyze an organization’s activities to determine where value is added and costs are determine where value is added and costs are incurredincurred

5.85.8


Selecting IS Development ProjectsSelecting IS Development Projects– Process of considering short and long-term projectsProcess of considering short and long-term projects– Projects most likely to achieve business objectives Projects most likely to achieve business objectives

are selectedare selected– Decision requires consideration of:Decision requires consideration of:

Perceived and real needsPerceived and real needsPotential and ongoing projectsPotential and ongoing projectsCurrent organizational environmentCurrent organizational environmentExisting and available resourcesExisting and available resourcesEvaluation criteriaEvaluation criteria

5.95.9


Selecting IS Development ProjectsSelecting IS Development Projects– OutcomesOutcomes

Project AcceptanceProject Acceptance

Project RejectionProject Rejection

DelayDelay

RefocusRefocus

End-User DevelopmentEnd-User Development

Proof of ConceptProof of Concept

5.105.10


Deliverables and OutcomesDeliverables and Outcomes– Primary DeliverablePrimary Deliverable

Schedule of specific IS development projectsSchedule of specific IS development projects

– OutcomesOutcomesAssurance that careful consideration was given to Assurance that careful consideration was given to project selectionproject selection

Clear understanding of project’s relation to Clear understanding of project’s relation to organizational objectivesorganizational objectives

5.125.12


Knowledge of overall organizational Knowledge of overall organizational business strategybusiness strategy– Improves project selection and identification Improves project selection and identification

processprocess– Provides sound guidance throughout the Provides sound guidance throughout the

systems development life cyclesystems development life cycle

5.135.13

Corporate and Information Corporate and Information Systems PlanningSystems Planning

Traditional Project Traditional Project Identification and Identification and SelectionSelection

– Solves isolated problemsSolves isolated problems– Focuses on business Focuses on business

processesprocesses– Does not easily allow for Does not easily allow for

organizational change organizational change

Planning-Based Planning-Based Approach to Project Approach to Project Identification and Identification and SelectionSelection– Focuses on present and Focuses on present and

future information needsfuture information needs– Information needs change Information needs change

slower than business slower than business processesprocesses

5.155.15


Need for planningNeed for planning– Improperly planned projects result in systems Improperly planned projects result in systems

that cannot be shared across an organizationthat cannot be shared across an organization– As business processes change, lack of As business processes change, lack of

integration will hamper strategy and business integration will hamper strategy and business process changesprocess changes

5.175.17


Corporate Strategic PlanningCorporate Strategic Planning– Process of developing and refining models of Process of developing and refining models of

the current and future enterprise as well as a the current and future enterprise as well as a transition strategytransition strategy

– Planning results in several outcomesPlanning results in several outcomesMission StatementMission Statement

Objective StatementObjective Statement

Competitive StrategyCompetitive Strategy

5.185.18


Corporate Strategic PlanningCorporate Strategic Planning– Mission StatementMission Statement

A statement that makes it clear what business a A statement that makes it clear what business a company is incompany is in

– Objective StatementObjective StatementA series of statements that express an A series of statements that express an organization’s qualitative and quantitative goals for organization’s qualitative and quantitative goals for reaching a desired future positionreaching a desired future position

Objectives are critical success factorsObjectives are critical success factors

5.195.19


Corporate Strategic PlanningCorporate Strategic Planning– Competitive StrategyCompetitive Strategy

The method by which an organization attempts to The method by which an organization attempts to achieve its mission and objectivesachieve its mission and objectives

5.225.22


Information Systems Planning (ISP)Information Systems Planning (ISP)– An orderly means of assessing the information needs An orderly means of assessing the information needs

of an organization and defining the systems, of an organization and defining the systems, databases and technologies that will best satisfy databases and technologies that will best satisfy those needsthose needs

– Three key activities:Three key activities:Describe the Current SituationDescribe the Current Situation

Describe the Target (or Future) SituationDescribe the Target (or Future) Situation

Develop a Transition Plan and StrategyDevelop a Transition Plan and Strategy

5.245.24


Information Systems PlanningInformation Systems Planning1. Describing the Current Situation1. Describing the Current Situation

– Top-down PlanningTop-down PlanningGeneric methodology that attempts to gain a broad Generic methodology that attempts to gain a broad understanding of the information system needs of the entire understanding of the information system needs of the entire organizationorganization

– Bottom-up PlanningBottom-up PlanningGeneric methodology that identifies and defines IS Generic methodology that identifies and defines IS development projects based upon solving operational development projects based upon solving operational business problems or taking advantage of some business business problems or taking advantage of some business opportunitiesopportunities

5.265.26


Information Systems PlanningInformation Systems Planning1. Describing the Current Situation (Continued)1. Describing the Current Situation (Continued)– Planning team is chartered to model existing situationPlanning team is chartered to model existing situation– Identification of Organizational:Identification of Organizational:

LocationsLocationsUnitsUnitsFunctionsFunctionsProcessesProcessesDataDataInformation SystemsInformation Systems

5.285.28


Information Systems PlanningInformation Systems Planning

1. Describing the Current Situation 1. Describing the Current Situation (Continued)(Continued)– Matrices are developed to cross-reference unitsMatrices are developed to cross-reference units

Location-to-FunctionLocation-to-FunctionLocation-to-UnitLocation-to-UnitUnit-to-FunctionUnit-to-FunctionFunction-to-ObjectiveFunction-to-ObjectiveFunction-to-ProcessFunction-to-ProcessFunction-to-Data EntityFunction-to-Data EntityProcess-to-Data EntityProcess-to-Data EntityProcess-to-Information SystemProcess-to-Information SystemData Entity-to-Information SystemData Entity-to-Information SystemInformation System-to-ObjectiveInformation System-to-Objective

5.315.31

Data Entity –to-Function matrix


Information Systems PlanningInformation Systems Planning2. Describing the Target Situation2. Describing the Target Situation– Update list of organizational locations, Update list of organizational locations,

functions, etc. to reflect desired locations, functions, etc. to reflect desired locations, functions, etc.functions, etc.

– Matrices are updated to reflect future Matrices are updated to reflect future statesstates

– Planners focus on differences between Planners focus on differences between current lists and matrices and future lists current lists and matrices and future lists and matricesand matrices

5.335.33


Information Systems PlanningInformation Systems Planning

3. Developing a Transition Strategy and 3. Developing a Transition Strategy and PlansPlans– Broad, comprehensive document that Broad, comprehensive document that

looks at both short and long-term looks at both short and long-term organizational development needsorganizational development needs

– Consists of a series of projectsConsists of a series of projects

5.345.34

Electronic Commerce Electronic Commerce ApplicationsApplications

Development process for Internet projects Development process for Internet projects is no different than other projectsis no different than other projectsSpecial issues need to be taken into Special issues need to be taken into accountaccountElectronic Commerce (EC)Electronic Commerce (EC)– Internet based communication designed to Internet based communication designed to

support business activitiessupport business activities

5.365.36

Internet DevelopmentInternet Development

InternetInternet– Worldwide network of networks used for electronic Worldwide network of networks used for electronic

commercecommerce

IntranetIntranet– Internet-based communication to support business Internet-based communication to support business

activities within a single organizationactivities within a single organization

ExtranetExtranet– Internet-based communication to support business-to-Internet-based communication to support business-to-

business activitiesbusiness activities

5.375.37

Internet DevelopmentInternet Development

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)– The use of telecommunications technologies The use of telecommunications technologies

to transfer business documents directly to transfer business documents directly between organizationsbetween organizations

Internet vs. Intranet/Extranet AppsInternet vs. Intranet/Extranet Apps– Intranet/Extranet – Developer knows how Intranet/Extranet – Developer knows how

application will be run and usedapplication will be run and used– Internet – Developer faces various unknownsInternet – Developer faces various unknowns

5.385.38

http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/menu-internet.htmhttp://www.ftc.gov/bcp/menu-internet.htmhttp://www.ecommercetimes.com/http://www.ecommercetimes.com/http://www.internetnews.com/ec-news/http://www.internetnews.com/ec-news/http://hotwired.lycos.com/webmonkey/e-busineshttp://hotwired.lycos.com/webmonkey/e-business/tutorials/tutorial3.htmls/tutorials/tutorial3.html

SummarySummary

Project Identification and SelectionProject Identification and Selection– Identifying Potential Development ProjectsIdentifying Potential Development Projects– Classifying and Ranking ProjectsClassifying and Ranking Projects– Selecting Projects for DevelopmentSelecting Projects for Development

Top-down and Bottom-up identification Top-down and Bottom-up identification processprocess

Corporate strategic planningCorporate strategic planning– Process of identifying the mission, objectives and Process of identifying the mission, objectives and

strategies of an organizationstrategies of an organization

5.405.40

SummarySummary

Information Systems PlanningInformation Systems Planning– Orderly means for assessing the information needs of Orderly means for assessing the information needs of

an organization and defining the systems and an organization and defining the systems and databases that will best satisfy those needsdatabases that will best satisfy those needs

– Top-down processTop-down process

Electronic CommerceElectronic Commerce– InternetInternet– IntranetsIntranets– ExtranetsExtranets– Electronic Data InterchangeElectronic Data Interchange

5.415.41

Copyright 2002 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Lecture 5 Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects...

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