ACCIDENTS

Topics Covered

• Causes of accidents

• Types of Accidents

• Drunken Driving

• Case Study on Accidents

• Drivers’ fault 77.91%• Pedestrian fault 1.36%• Mechanical fault in Vehicle 2.01%• Bad Roads 1.32%• Others 17.4%

o Bad Weather

o Cattle coming in the way

o Absence/ non functional road signals

o Absence of Road Signs

Causes of Road Accidents in India

Based on type of injury

• Major injuries - like head injuries, fractures, crushing under wheels.

• Minor injuries

Types of Accidents

Based on type of injury

• Major injuries - like head injuries, fractures, crushing under wheels.

• Minor injuries

Types of Accidents

• Accidents involving a single vehicle

• Vehicle to vehicle

• Vehicle with pedestrian

• Vehicle with stationary object

Nature of Accidents

Click for film

“Head on Collision”

Learning from the Film

1. Why is Head-on-collision the most dangerous?

2. What the various causes of Head- on- collision?

Drunken Driving

Drunken Driving

Alcohol reduces the ability to drive safely and

one becomes accident prone.

Alcohol is a depressant that slows down the

mental process.

It gives a false sense of increased confidence

and brings down performance.

Cont….

It impairs your ability to judge speed and distances, restricts your view and makes accidents more likely.

Once you are drunk , there is nothing you can do to reduce the level of alcohol in your blood. The only thing that works is time.

The simple rule is

DON’T MIX DRINKING AND DRIVING.

Drunken Driving

A True Story

This is Jaqueline Saburido on September 19, 1999.

Cont….

Birthday party as a child.

Cont….

This is she and her Father, 1998.

Cont….

At a party with friends.

Cont….

The car in which Jacqueline was travelling was hit by another car that was driven by a 17-year old male student on his way home after a couple of hard packs with his friends. This was in December 1999.

Cont….

After the accident Jacqueline needed over 40 operations.

Cont….

Jacqueline was caught in the burning car and her body was heavily burnt during around 45 seconds

Cont….

Three months after accident.

Cont….

With her Father, 2000.

Cont….

Getting treatment

Cont….

Without a left eyelid Jacqueline needs eye drops to keep her vision.

Cont….

Now 20 year old, he cannot forgive himself for driving drunk on that night three years ago. He's aware of devastating Jaqcueline Saburido's life.

Cont….

Not everyone who gets hit with a car dies. This picture was taken 4 years after the accident and the doctors are still working on Jacqueline, who's body was covered with 60% severe burnings.

Case Studies on Accidents

Story Time...........

Young Jaspal was very upset that evening. He

had an altercation with his father. Angrily he

decided to go out for a drink. He tried calling

up his friends. Unfortunately, none were

ready to go with him to the bar that evening.

Cont….

Jaspal quickly gulped down two large drinks

and irritatingly drove out in his car.It was

beginning to get dark and had started to

drizzle.

Cont….

He drove at a speed he possibly could.

Suddenly, he saw an elderly gentleman in

dark clothes trying to cross the road near the

bend ahead and noticed a truck coming from

the opposite direction. Jaspal was nearly

blinded by the glare of the on coming

vehicle’s headlight.

Cont….

At the last minute Jaspal did his best to avoid

hitting the elderly man, but his unroadworthy

tyres lost traction. Jaspal hit the man causing

him serious injury. An ambulance was called,

but sadly by the time it arrived 25 minutes

later, the man had died.

Cont….

There are many factors that contributed to

the death of the elderly gentleman.

List all the factors you can find and detail

why they were significant.

Cont….

• Because Jaspal was young, he probably

had less experience and therefore was less

likely to identify and perceive potential

hazards.• Jaspal had consumed a few drinks, and as

we know, alcohol impairs our judgement

and reaction time.

Human Factors

Cont….

• Jaspal was angry which often

correspondingly motivates both risk-taking

and speeding. As was identified, he was

driving at high speed .• Elderly people display poor judgement in

predicting the approaching speed of cars,

they are also much slower crossing the

road.

Human Factors

Cont….

• The elderly man was wearing a dark suit

that would have made him very hard to see.

• Crossing the road immediately after a bend

is not altogether clever, particularly for

somebody who’s a little slow.

Human Factors

• Jaspal’s tyres were long overdue for replacement.

• Given, there had been constant drizzle there would have been a reasonable amount of water on the road.

• If Jaspal’s tyres had insufficient tread, they may not have been able to disperse the water thus reducing adhesion and increasing stopping distance.

Vehicle Factors

Cont….

• The headlights of the truck approaching

from the opposite direction were either on

high beam or poorly aligned causing Jaspal

to become dazzled and therefore

contributing to the collision.

Vehicle Factors

Emergency Response

The elderly man was alive immediately following the impact. It took the ambulance 25 minutes to arrive, had it arrived sooner they may have been able to save him.

What did Jaspal do? Had Jaspal been able to administer first aid he may have been able to preserve life until the ambulance finally arrived.