-

‘ ’ ( ) ‘ ’

,

“ ”

“ --”

CuSO4:5H2O

“ ”

-

(၁၉၉၆ ၂ ၁၁ ) ၂ ၆

( ) “ ” ( ) , “

” ,

***

( ) : ၁ ၂၈ ၉၉.၉၉%

(sulphite ores) (oxide ores) ( )

(Pophyry Copper Deposits)

(plates)

: ( / )

၊ S ၊ K၊ L ။ ။

၆၆ ၂ ၁ Sabeldaung South Deposit

။

-၁။ ။

၁ ၁၈ ၂၂ ၈ :

( )

( ) ％ ၆၆ ၂ . ၂ ၂၂ ၆ ၂၂၂ ၁ . ၇၉ ၆ ၂

-၂၇ ?

၁ ၁၈ . ၈ ၆၉၉၂ ၆၉၂၂ ၂၂ ၈ . ၇၂ ၂၂၆

၁၁ ၈

၁ . ၂၁ ၁ ၈၉ ၁၉၇ ၁. ၁% .၇၇% ၂

***

၁၉၉၉ (Open-Pit) ၁ ၇

၁၆

၁၉၉၈ ၁ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ( ‘ ’) ‘ ’ ၇ ၁၉၉၉ ၉

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Production (X 1000 tons)

၂ ၈ ၂ ၁၁ ၆၇ ( ) ၁ ၁ ၂၇ ၁ + ၂၇ = ၂ ၂ - = ၈ -

၂ ၆ ၂ ၇

***

(pit)

- : ၁ ‘ ’

- ၁

၁၂ :

။

။

။ ။

( High Technology ) ၁၉ ၁၉ (Mining Engineering) ( ) ‘ ’

။ ၀.၅% ။

. ၁

-

(Chalco ite)

Cu2S

(Cu) (S)

. % : (Cu)

Froth Floatation . % ၉၉.၆% % pH ( ) Cu KAX 51 CuS (Tailings) Middling Thickener

- ( %)

၉၉

CuFeS2 Fe ၁၁

Cu2S ၉၈%

-

2 CuFeS2 + 3 O2 2 CuS + 2 FeO + 2 SO2 ( )

CuS + O2 Cu2S ( ) Cu +SO2

၉၈%

(SiO2) (CaCO3) CaSiO3

FeSiO3

(Scrubber)

CO2 SO2

SX-EW (Heap Leaching) : ၈ ၂ ၈ %

Cu2S

CuFeS2 ၁

leashing pad

၊ ၊ Heap Leaching Pads

‘ ’

( CuSO4

) SX/EW

CuSO4

Solvent eXtraction (SX) (Kitoxime)

CuSO4 CuSO4

CuSO4

(Pragnant Copper Solvent) ElectroWinning (EW) ၉၉.၉% ၂၇ EW SX/EW ( ) Leaching Pad ၉ ၁

:

၁ ၂ ၈ tailings ‘ ’ tailings

Leaching Pad pH ၇ pH :

-

:

(pH) p (Power) H (Hydrogen) ၁ ၁ pH ၇ pH ( ) pH ( )

pH pH ၂ pH .

%

:

Leach Pad tailing lake (Heap Leaching)

pH ၂. (conductivity) pH conductivity

ါ

( )

၊ Leaching Pads ၊ ။ ။ : ။

,

၁ ၆၆ ၁ ၈ ‘ ’ (Cut-Off) Cut-Off Grade Cut-off

၂ ၈ .၆% Grade .၈% ၁. ၇%

. % ၂ ၁ Cut-off . %

(Cash Flow)

‘ ’

၂ ၁

References:

1. Numerous Japan Government Interbnal Reports up to 2012, publicly available in Japanese. 2. Metal and Mining Agency of Japan, Asia, Southeast Asia Report No. 22495 in Japanese,

1990. 3. US Geological Survey, Preliminary Model of Porphyry Copper Deposits, 2008. 4. Ariel View Photos taken from Google Earth Photo Service, 2012-2013. 5. K. Takahashi, E. Kimura, and I. Iwasaki, “A Hydrometallurgical Alternative to Conventional

Copper Smelting – Recent Trends in SX-EW Process-.”, Publication in Japanese: Shigenshori Gijutu, Vol.41, No.2, 1994.

6. G.A. Kordosky, “Copper recovery using leach/solvent extraction/electrowetting technology: Forty years of innovation, 2.2 million tonnes of copper anually”, The Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Dec, 2002.

7. M. Radetzki, “Seven thoisand years in the service of humanity-the history of copper, the red metal”, Resources Policy, 34, 2009.

8. R. Schodde, “The Key drivers behind resource growth: an analysis of copper industry over the last 100 years,” 2010 MEMS Conference Meneral and Metal Markets over the long term.

9. W.G. Davenport, M. King, M. Schlesinger, A.K. Biswas, “Extractive Metallurgy of Copper”, Fourth Edition, Elsevier Science Ltd., Oxford, UK, 2002

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