“When I think about all the patients and their loved ones that I have worked with over the years, I know most of

them don't remember me nor I them.  But I do know that I gave a little piece of myself to each of them and they to me

and those threads make up the beautiful tapestry in my mind. That is my career in nursing.”

  ~Donna Wilk Cardillo, A Daybook for Beginning Nurses

St. James College of Quezon City736 Tandang Sora Ave. cor. Mindanao Ave., Quezon City

College of Nursing

A COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT A PROFILE OF BARANGAY 164, ZONE 14,

DISTRICT 1, GSIS VILLAGE, TALIPAPA, CALOOCAN CITY

Prepared by:Leader: Lea A. Mari

Assisstant Leader: Allain Daniel M. Tayag

Members:

Royvi L. AbadJillveth M. ArceMarc M. Chua

Sarah S. HamzaRene S. Mari

Glenbert A. MoradosArlene M. QuebralZevier V. Santos

Submitted to:Mrs. Arlene M. Pacheco, R.N., M.A.N.

STUDENT’S PRAYER

Thank you Lord, for helping me throughThe hours of study and training I'll do.

Give me a keen mind and healthy body, too, So a nurse's career I can pursue.

Thank you for placing in my heartCompassion for other to impart.

May my hand be instruments of love

As I seek your wisdom from above.

Guard my thoughts and my tongue,So words of encouragement are sung.Give me strength wherever you leadAs I lean on you for my every need.

May nursing never be just a job that I do,So lives I touch will be a ministry from you.

Help me submit to the Great Physician's commands,As I remember life and death are in your hands.

And through it all, may I learn and grow,For these lessons of life I need to know.

Lord help me be persevering too,And give me courage as only you can do.

Lord, please keep me from all harmFor I know I'm safe in your sheltering arm.

And Lord how I pray you and others will see,The kind of nurse you'd have me to be.

January 13, 2011Mrs. Elizabeth Maliwat,Barangay ChairmanTalipapa, Caloocan CityDear Ma’am,The Bachelor of Science in Nursing Fourth year students of St. James College of Quezon City. Who conducted survey last November 8-10, 2010 would like to present to you the outcome of their activities.The following were the community problems identified in Barangay 164 Talipapa, Caloocan City

1) Fire hazard2) Inadequate environmental sanitation3) Presence of health hazard

Specific Health Problems identified:1) Dengue 2) Cough and colds3) Tuberculosis

With these identified problems, we came up with fire hazard as our top priority. This problem is not an easy problem to answer by this time, because of the inadequate knowledge of the community on how to prevent this problem. We believe as nurses or health providers that we need to educate and raise Barangay 164 Talipapa’s awareness on matters affecting health and life, emergency measures on health hazards, and waste management.

Our focus of action will be on the first 4 community problems and on the first 3 health illness problems. However, the time frame of the community practice is too limited that we cannot facilitate the progress of our program. To this, we will perform everyday blood pressure taking up to December 6, 2010 and education about all of the existing problems as we can. With this action, knowing we cannot assure continuity and stability of the progress, we humbly suggest and recommend to your good office that the program started by the group will be adopted by the Barangay and the next Nursing students of St. James College of Quezon City.We will be glad for the action of your office with this regard.

Thank you and God bless!

Truly yours,

ARLENE M. PACHECOCLINICAL INSTRUCTORST. JAMES COLLEGE OF NURSING

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is in this light that the authors of this book, the BSN-IV of St. James College Quezon City, would like to express their sincere appreciation to the following people who helped and supported us throughout our project.

To our Almighty Father, who gave the light in our minds and thoughts, provided the wisdom and the entire medium for the success of this research.

To Mrs. Elizabeth Maliwat, Barangay Chairwoman, who welcomed and allowed us to distribute survey forms and conduct community survey in

Barangay 164, GSIS Village, Caloocan City.

To Genelle Pablico, Barangay Secretary, for accepting and accommodating us in the area, for directing and guiding us and also for providing us vital information pertaining to the subject area.

To the 100 family respondents for being so cooperative and honest in giving data the group needed.

To Mrs. Nelia D. Ayson, Dean College of Nursing.

We wish to thank our parents for their undivided support and interest who inspired us and encouraged us to go our own way, without whom, we would be unable to complete our project.

To our Community instructor, MRS. ARLENE M. PACHECO, for teaching and guiding us in the application of our learned knowledge on Community Health Development and COPAR process. For her continuous support of the project, from initial advice and contacts in the early stages of conceptual inception and through ongoing advice and encouragement to this day.

Once again, thank you very much and God bless you!

ABSTRACT

Assessment of the community was conducted to acquire general information and also to see how far the student nurses would be able to perform in the development and implementation of Community Health nursing interventions and strategies. We had chosen Barangay Talipapa 164, Zone 14, District 1, Caloocan City as the subject place of the Community Field Practice due to its easy accessibility, status of the area, and as well as it was the appropriate area for Community Development study.

The questions used for the research were taken from the Community Health Nursing book. The questionnaires were then distributed and explained to the family members.

This Community Field Practice was aimed to enhance the skills of the students and to give knowledge to them in terms of the COPAR process. At the same time, through this field practice, the community constituents and its leaders would be able to address community problems. In addition, the community would be able to empower themselves so they may uplift their statuses in life.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK------------------------------------------------------- 3-4 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK------------------------------------------------------ 5-12 VOCABULARY----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13-15

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY-------------------------------------------------- 16

CHAPTER I – IDENTIFYING KEY COMMUNITY OFFICIALS1 - Barangay Health Officials--------------------------------------------- 18

Mission and Vision---------------------------------------------------------

2 - Municipal Officials--------------------------------------------------------

Mission and Vision---------------------------------------------------------

3 -G.S.I.S Hills Homeowners’ Subdivision Officials---------- 19

Mission and Vision---------------------------------------------------------

4 -Talipapa Health Center Staff---------------------------------------- 20

Mission and Vision--------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER II – COMMUNITY ASSESSTMENT1 - Community Spot Map----------------------------------------------------

2 - Community Profile-------------------------------------------------------- 22-23

CHAPTER III – SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

RESEARCH DESIGN-------------------------------------------------------------------

POPULATION PROFILE-------------------------------------------------------------- 24

Facts and Figures of Barangay Talipapa 164, Zone 14, District 1, Caloocan City

TABLE 1. Family Structures----------------------------------- 26 2. Age Distribution of Family---------------------- 27

3. Head of the Family---------------------------------- 28

4. Types of Family Structure---------------------- 29

5. Origin of the Family------------------------------- 30 6. Occupational Status of the Head of the Family------------------------------ 31 7. Types of Occupations----------------------------- 32 8. Monthly Income of Families------------------- 33

9. Daily Expenditures of the Family----------- 34

10. Type of Housing------------------------------------ 35 11. Ventilation-------------------------------------------- 36

12. Lighting------------------------------------------------ 37 13. Surroundings---------------------------------------- 38 14. Water Supply---------------------------------------- 39 15. Storage of Drinking Water------------------- 40 16. Toilet Facilities------------------------------------ 41 17. Garbage Disposal--------------------------------- 42 18. Type of Drainage System--------------------- 43 19. Food Storage---------------------------------------- 44 20. Presence of Animals --------------------------- 45 21. Community Resources------------------------- 46 22. Indigenous Health Worker------------------- 47 23. Food Preference----------------------------------- 48 24. Utilization of Health Centers---------------- 49 25. Reason for Utilization--------------------------- 50

26. 1st Person Consulted in Times of Illness-------------------------------- 51

27. Interventions done in times of Illness--------------------------------- 52 28. Family Planning------------------------------------- 53 29. Method of Infant Feeding---------------------- 54 30. Subjects that they want to learn in Health Education----------------------------------- 55 31. Awareness of Existing Organizations----------------------------------------- 56 32. Membership in Organization------------------ 57 33. Awareness of Projects & Activities------ 58 34. Involvement in Projects

& Activities-------------------------------------------- 59 35. Adequacy of Living Space--------------------- 60 36. Have You Had Adequate…? ------------------ 61 37. Blood Pressure--------------------------------------- 62

CHAPTER IV – COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE PLANNING----------- 1. Identify Community Problems

2. List of Community Problems according to priority

3. Preparing of Community Health Action Plan

4. Working – out details of the plan together with the Community Action Group

CHAPTER V – EVALUATION--------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER VI – HEALTH TEACHINGS AND LEARNINGS

1. Daily Diaries-------------------------------------------- 64-

65

2. Learning Insights------------------------------------- 66

3. Health teachings--------------------------------------- 67-90

CHAPTER VII – APPENDICES------------------------------------------------------ 1. Pictures------------------------------------------------- 2. Letters---------------------------------------------------

3. Questionnaires-------------------------------------- 4. Bibliography------------------------------------------ 5. Curriculum Vitae of BSN CLASS 2010-----------------------------------

INTRODUCTION

The concept of society would have not been into terms if not for the

realization that individuals formed the family and from groups of family formed

the community. Community, therefore, is defined as a group of people having

common characteristics, goals, and shared interest living together within a

geographical boundary, has a population and environmental resources.

Community is somehow divided into different sectors, like political sector in

which they are considered as the leaders of the community. Another sector is the

cultural sector, they are the ones responsible for the cultural profile of their

community, environmental sector are for the restoration of our forest, and most

importantly the health sector which are composed of doctors and mostly nurses,

they are the ones who can give so much contribution to reduce the mortality and

morbidity rates. The health sector in the community that intervenes for the

improvement of the health of the community is known as the Community Health

Nursing.

Community Health Nursing is defined by different personalities in the field

of Medicine. According to the WHO, CHN is “a special field of Nursing that

combines skills of Public Health and some phases of social assistance and function

as a part of the total health program.” This includes the promotion of health,

improvement in the conditions of social and physical environment, rehabilitation of

illness and disabilities. Therefore it is the public nurse that assesses the

community health needs and problems and must intervene something for the

improvement of the health condition of the community people.

It is a big task for a nurse because it takes for a long period of time for the

preparations and planning of their intervention, the equipments to be used, the

budget available, the resources available and the most important of all, the

participation of the community people in such activities that the nurses are

planning to perform. At first, we determine our objectives. Then we look for our

study population, we determine the needed data and from there, we start now to

develop our strategy. By this time, we can now have the actual data gathering and

after collating all our data, we try to present it and analyze them. At this point

onwards, based on the data analyzed, we were now able to identify the community

health problems and from there we can now identify which problem in the

community we will prioritize most.

One has to gather so many data and profiles of the community for one to be

able to understand it as a whole, and this is very challenging for every Public

Health Nurse. Community nursing is a field of nursing that blends primary health

care and nursing practice with public health nursing. The community health nurse

conducts a continuing and comprehensive practice that is preventive, curative, and

rehabilitative.

The philosophy of care is based on the belief that care directed to the

individual, the family, and the group contributes to the health care of the

population as a whole. The community health nurse is not restricted to the care of a

particular age or diagnostic group. Participation of all consumers of health care is

encouraged in the development of community activities that contribute to the

promotion of, education about, and maintenance of good health.

The goal of Community Health Nursing is to assist the individual, family and

community in attaining their highest level of holistic health, and to provide and

promote healthy lifestyle choices through education, public awareness and

community activities.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

COPAR (Community Organizing Participatory Action Research) is a social development approach that aims to transform the apathetic, individualistic and voiceless poor into dynamic, participatory and politically responsive community.

PRINCIPLES: 1. People especially the most oppressed, exploited and deprived sectors are open to change, have the capacity to change and are able to bring about change. 2. COPAR should be based on the interest of the poorest sector of the community. 3. COPAR should lead to a self-reliant community and society.

IMPORTANCE OF COPAR COPAR is an important tool for community development and people empowerment as this helps the community workers to generate community participation in development activities. COPAR prepares people to eventually take over the management of a development program in the future. COPAR maximizes community participation and involvement: community resources are mobilized for health development services.

COPAR Process:· A progressive cycle of action-reflection action which begins with small, local and concrete issues identified by the people and the evaluation and the reflection of and on the action taken by them.

· Consciousness through experimental learning central to the COPAR process because it places emphasis on learning that emerges from concrete action and which enriches succeeding action.

· COPAR is participatory and mass-based because it is primarily directed towards and biased in favor of the poor, the powerless and oppressed.

· COPAR is group-centered and not leader-oriented. Leaders are identified, emerge and are tested through action rather than appointed or selected by some external force or entity.

PHASES OF THE COPAR PROCESS

I. Pre-entry phaseThe initial phase of the organizing process where the community organizer

looks for communities to serve.

B. Is the phase considered the simplest phase in terms of actual outputs, activities and strategies and time spent for it?C. Designing a plan for community development, including all its activities and strategies for care/development.D. Designing criteria for the selection of site actually selecting the site for community care.

II. Entry phaseSometimes called the social preparation phase as the activities done here

includes the sensitization of the people on the critical events in their life, motivating them to share their dreams and ideas on how to manage their concerns and eventually mobilizing them to take collective action on these.

This phase signals the actual entry of the community. It must guided by the following guidelines however:A. Recognize the role of local authorities by paying them visits to inform them ofSpeech, behavior and lifestyle should be in keeping with those of the communityB. Resident is without disregard of their being role models.C. Avoid raising the consciousness of the community residents adopt a low-key profile.

III. Organizations building phaseEntails the formation of more formal structures and the inclusion of more

formal procedures of planning, implementing and evaluating community-wide activities. It is at this phase where the organized leaders or groups are being given trainings (formal, informal, OJT) to develop their skills and in managing their own concerns programs.

IV. Sustenance and Strengthening Phase

Occur when the community organization has already been established and the community members are already actively participating in the community members are already actively participating in community-wide undertakings. At this point, the different community set-ups in the organization building phase are already expected to be functioning by way of planning, implementing, and evaluating their own programs with the overall guidance from the community-wide organization.

Strategies used may include:a. Education and trainingb. Networking and linkagec. Conduct of mobilization on health and development concernsd. Implementing of livelihood projectse. Developing secondary leaders

V. Phase outThe phase when the healthcare workers leave the community to stand-out.

This phase should be stated during the entry phase so that the people will be ready for this phase. The organizations built should be ready to sustain the test of the community itself because the real evaluation will be done by the residents of the community itself.

1. Leaving the immersion site2. Documentation

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Nightingale's Environmental Theory

Florence Nightingale, also known as the Lady with the Lamp, providing care to wounded and ill soldiers during the Crimean War

Florence Nightingale (1820–1910), considered the founder of educated and scientific nursing and widely known as "The Lady with the Lamp", wrote the first nursing notes that became the basis of nursing practice and research. The notes, entitled Notes on Nursing: What it is, What is not (1860), listed some of her theories that have served as foundations of nursing practice in various settings, including the succeeding conceptual frameworks and theories in the field of nursing. Nightingale is considered the first nursing theorist. One of her theories was the Environmental Theory, which incorporated the restoration of the usual health status of the nurse's clients into the delivery of health care—it is still practiced today.

Environmental effects

She stated in her nursing notes that nursing "is an act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery" (Nightingale 1860/1969),[3], that it involves the nurse's initiative to configure environmental settings appropriate for the gradual restoration of the patient's health, and that external factors associated with the patient's surroundings affect life or biologic and physiologic processes, and his development.[4]

Environmental factors affecting health

Provision of care by environment

The factors posed great significance during Nightingale's time, when health institutions had poor sanitation, and health workers had little education and training and were frequently incompetent and unreliable in attending to the needs of the patients. Also emphasized in her environmental theory is the provision of a quiet or noise-free and warm environment, attending to patient's dietary needs by assessment, documentation of time of food intake, and evaluating its effects on the patient.[7]

Nightingale's theory was shown to be applicable during the Crimean War when she, along with other nurses she had trained, took care of injured soldiers by attending to their immediate needs, when communicable diseases and rapid spread of infections were rampant in this early period in the development of disease-capable medicines. The practice of environment configuration according to patient's health or disease condition is still applied today, in such cases as patients infected with Clostridium Tetani (suffering from tetanus), who need minimal noise to calm them and a quiet environment to prevent seizure-causing stimulus.

Major Concepts and Definitions

Environment - concepts of ventilation, warmth, light, diet, cleanliness and noise. She focus o the physical aspect of environment.

She believed that "Healthy surroundings were necessary for proper nursing care."

5 essential components of healthy environment:1. pure air2. pure water3. efficient drainage4. cleanliness5. light

Concerns of Environmental Theory1. Proper ventilation focus on the architectural aspect of the hospital.2. Light has quite as real and tangible effects to the body. Her nursing intervention includes direct exposure to sunlight.3. Cleanliness and sanitation. She assumes that dirty environment was the source of infection and rejected the "germ theory". Her nursing interventions focus on proper handling and disposal of bodily secretions and sewage, frequent bathing for patients and nurses, clean clothing and handwashing.4. Warmth, quiet and diet environment. She introduce the manipulation of the environment for patient's adaptation such as fire, opening the windows and repositioning the room seasonally, etc.5. Unnecessary noise is not healthy for recuperating patients.6. Dietary intake.7. Petty management proposed the avoidance of psychological harm, no upsetting news. Strictly war issues and concerns should not be discussed inside the hospital. She includes the use of small pets of psychological therapy.

Nursing Metaparadigm

NursingNursing is very essential for everybody's well-being. Notes on nursing focus on the implementation and rendering efficient and effective nursing care.

PersonThe patient is the focus of the environmental theory. The nurse should perform the task for the patient and control environment for easy recovery. She practice nurse-patient passive relationship.

HealthHealth is the being well and using every power that the person has to the fullest extent. A healthy body can recuperate and undergo reparative process. Environmental control uplifts maintenance of health.

EnvironmentPeople would benefit form the environment.

Theoretical AssertionsPrevention of interruption is very vital in the reparative process of the patient. Her focus is on nursing education that required even more training.

Nursing Practice is the application of common sense, observation, perseverance and ingenuity.

"If the person wants to recuperate, he needs to cooperate with the nurse."

Disease came from the organic materials from the patient and environment not on the germ theory. She totally disagree and rejected the germ theory.

Sanitation means the manipulation of the environment to prevent diseases.

Nursing is the commitment to the nursing works.

She gives a little focus on the interpersonal relationship and nurse caring behavior.

She believed that the nurse should be moral agents. "Think and act like a nurse."

Professional relationships, principles of confidentiality and care for the poor to

improve health and social condition were the focus of her nursing care.

Logical FormShe used inductive reasoning from her experiences and observation with is address with logical thinking and philosophy.

Importance of Environmental Theory

Practice1. Disease control2. Sanitation and water treatment3. Utilized by modern architecture in the prevention of "sick building syndrome" applying the principles of ventilation and good lighting.4. Waste disposal5. Control of room temperature.6. Noise management.

Education1. Principles of nursing training. Better practice result from better education.2. Skills measurement through licensing by the use of testing methods, the case studies.

Research1. Use of graphical representations like the polar diagrams.2. Notes on nursing.

Evaluation of the Environmental TheoryHardy evaluated the environmental theory as a grand theory because it explains the totality of the behavior. It is classified as lower-level theory but it provided the greates foundation of nursing education, practice and theories.

The AnalysisSimplicity: The theory is simply explained as the nurse, patient and environment interacts with each other. There are dangers in the environment and benefits from the good environment. The roles of environmental management to patient recovery is greatly emphasized. Manipulating the environment to prevent diseases. Nurse-patient relationship focus on cooperation and collaboration. Her care focus on eating patterns and food preferences of the patients, provision of comfort, protection from emotional distress and conservation of energy.Generality: The universality of the concepts provide general guidelines and is still

applicable and relevant today.

Empirical Precision: The theory is stated completely and presented facts. She uses quantitative research method. She focus on observation and experiences rather than systematic empirical research.

Derivable Consequences: Measures of independence and accuracy of care. Nurse-patient relationship towards wellness, environmental manipulation and psychological care.

IMOGENE KING

Introduction

Imogene King was born in 1923.

Completed her Bachelor in science of nursing from St. Louis University in 1948

Completed her Master of science in nursing from St. Louis University in 1957

Completed her Doctorate from Teacher’s college, Columbia University

King’s Conceptual Framework

It includes:

Several basic assumptions

Three interacting systems

Several concepts relevant for each system

Basic assumptions

Nursing focus is the care of human being

Nursing goal is the health care of individuals & groups

Human beings: are open systems interacting constantly with their environment

Interacting systems:

o personal system

o Interpersonal system

o Social system

Concepts are given for each system

Concepts for Interpersonal System

Interaction

Communication

Transaction

Role

Stress

King’s Theory of Goal Attainment

Theory of goal attainment was first introduced by Imogene King in the early 1960’s.

Theory describes a dynamic, interpersonal relationship in which a person grows and develops to attain certain life goals.

Factors which affect the attainment of goal are: roles, stress, space & time.

Major concepts of king’s theory

1. Human being /person: is social being who are rational and sentient. Person has ability to:

perceive

think

feel

choose

set goals

select means to achieve goals and

to make decision

According to King, human being has three fundamental needs:

(a)  The need for the health information that  is unable at the time when it is needed and can be used

(b)  The need for care that seek to prevent illness, and

(c)  The need for care when human beings are unable to help themselves.

2.     Health

According to King, health involves dynamic life experiences of a human being, which implies continuous adjustment to stressors in the internal and external environment through optimum use of one’s resources to achieve maximum potential for daily living.

3.     Environment

Environment is the background for human interactions. It involves:

(a)  Internal environment: transforms energy to enable person to adjust to continuous external environmental changes.

(b)  External environment: involves formal and informal organizations. Nurse is a part of the patient’s environment.

4.     Nursing

Definition: “A process of action, reaction and interaction by which nurse and client share information about their perception in nursing situation.” and “a process of human interactions between nurse and client whereby each perceives the other and the situation, and through communication, they set goals, explore means, and agree on means to achieve goals.”

Action: is defined as a sequence of behaviors involving mental and physical action.

Reaction: not specified, but might be considered as included in the sequence of behaviors described in action.

In addition, king discussed: (a)    goal(b)   domain and(c)    functions of professional nurse

Goal of nurse: “To help individuals to maintain their health so they can function in their roles.”

Domain of nurse: “includes promoting, maintaining, and restoring health, and caring for the sick, injured and dying.

Function of professional nurse: “To interpret information in nursing process to plan, implement and evaluate nursing care. King said in her theory, “A professional nurse, with special knowledge and skills, and a client in need of nursing, with knowledge of self and perception of personal problems, meet as strangers in natural environment. They interact mutually, identify problems, establish and achieve goals.

THEORY OF GOAL ATTAINMENT AND NURSING PROCESS Assessment

- King indicates that assessment occur during interaction. The nurse brings special knowledge and skills whereas client brings knowledge of self and perception of problem of concern.

- During assessment nurse collects data regarding client.

- Perception is the base for collection and interpretation of data.

Nursing diagnosis - The data collected by assessment are used to make nursing diagnosis in

nursing process.

Planning

- If the goal attainment planning is represented by setting goals and making decisions about and being agreed on the means to achieve goal.

Implementation - In nursing process implementation involves the actual activities to achieve

the goals.

Evaluation- In king description evaluation speak about attainment of goal and

effectiveness of nursing care.

VOCABULARY

1. ANALYSIS - is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it.

2. BARANGAY - is known by its former Spanish adopted name, the barrio, is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district or ward.

3. COMMUNITY - is a group of interacting organisms sharing a populated environment. In human communities, intent, belief, resources, preferences , needs, risks, and a number of other conditions may be present and common, affecting the identity of the participants and their degree of cohesiveness.

4. COMMUNITY HEALTH - is a unique blend of nursing and public health practice into a human service that properly developed and applied impact on human well being.

5. COMMUNITY STUDY - is a systematic and scientific process of collecting, collating, synthesizing and analyzing data.

6. COPAR - (Community Organizing Participatory Action Research) is a social development approach that aims to transform the apathetic, individualistic and voiceless poor into dynamic.

7. DATA - refers to qualitative or quantitative attributes of a variable or set of variables.

8. DIAGNOSIS - a statement and conclusion concerning the nature of some phenomenon.

9. ENVIRONMENT - the surroundings of a physical system that may interact with the system by exchanging mass, energy, or other properties.

10.FAMILY - is a group of people affiliated by consanguinity, affinity, or co-residence. In most societies it is the principal institution for the socialization of children.

11.FAMILY PLANNING – regulating the number and spacing of children.

12.HEALTH - is the general condition of a person in all aspects. It is also a level of functional and/or metabolic efficiency of an organism, often implicitly human.

13.HEALTH EDUCATION - used to encourage people to adopt lifestyle that the educators believe will improve health.

14.HOUSEHOLD - an aggregate of person generally but not necessary bound who live together under the same roof or share in common the household food members.

15.ILLNESS - poor health resulting from disease of body or mind; sickness.

16.INTERPRETATION - is an assignment of meaning to the symbols of a language. Many formal languages used in mathematics, logic, and theoretical are defined in solely syntactic terms, and as such do not have any meaning until they are given some interpretation.

17.LEADERSHIP - has been described as the “process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task.

18.MORBIDITY - is an incidence of ill health. It is measured in various ways, often by the probability that a randomly selected individual in a population at some date and location would become seriously ill in some period of time.

19.MORTALITY - is the condition of being mortal, or susceptible to death

20.NURSE - is a healthcare professional who, in collaboration with other members of a health care team, is responsible for: treatment, safety, and recovery of acutely or chronically ill individuals; health promotion and maintenance within families, communities and populations; and, treatment of life-threatening emergencies in a wide range of health care.

21.NURSING PROBLEM - a situation or condition which interferes with the promotion and maintenance of health and recovery.

22.ORGANIZATION - is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, controls its own performance, and has a boundary separating it from its environment.

23.PERSON - is most broadly defined as any individual self-aware or rational being, or any entity having rights and duties; or often more narrowly defined as an individual human being in particular.

24.PERMANENT LENGTH OF RESIDENCY - continues stay in the same address for more than 6 months.

25.PLANNING - in organizations and public policy is both the organizational process of creating and maintaining a plan; and the psychological process of thinking about the activities required to create a desired goal on some scale

26.POPULATION - is all the organisms that both belong to the same species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define the population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals from other areas.

27.PROBLEM - a deviations or an imbalance of what should be and what is actually happening.

28.PUBLIC HEALTH - is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals.

29.RATE - a value describing one quantity in terms of another quantity. A common type of rate is a quantity expressed in terms of time, such as percent change per year.

30.SANITATION - measure for the promotion of health.

31.RECOMMENDATION - to commend of introduce as acceptance appointment or choice to make acceptable.

32.RESIDENCE - the act of living in the place required by regulation of performance of function.

33.TERRITORY - the whole or a portion of the land belonging to a state part of consideration.

34.THEORETICAL - concreting or based on theory rather than practice.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of this study will be of great significance and help to the residents of Barangay 164 Zone 14 GSIS Village, Talipapa, Caloocan City because all the information and data that we gathered in this study will help establish the baseline of the health status of the Barangay. The information derived from the community diagnosis was gathered in survey forms. All the relevant data gathered and information about the interacting elements existing in their community can either directly or indirectly affect their health.

This study will elevate the residents’ awareness to their current health conditions and ultimately further enhance their knowledge about health and for them to adopt necessary adjustment in solving and coping up with their health problem and for their attainment of a generally desirable health and well being as a community.

This study will also serve as a significant source of information for all other communities similarly situated as Barangay 164 Zone 14 GSIS Talipapa Caloocan City. The present and future Barangay official and health workers will greatly benefit from the findings of the study regarding the health status health, related problem and health resources of the community in order that they too can effectively address similar problem in their own respective communities.

As a basis they would be able to determine what problem programs and campaigns that are essential in achieving a healthy community that will also lead to the development not only to the Barangay itself but also to contribute establishment of healthy community all over the nation.

CHAPTER ICOMMUNITY ASSESSMENT

AND OFFICIALS

MAYOR:HON.RECOM ECHIVERRE

-MAYOR

VICE MAYOR: HON.EDGAR ERICE

COUNSELORHON. DANTE PRADO

COUNSELORHON. ALONG MALAPITAN

COUNSELORHON. ANDY MABAGOS

COUNSELORHON NORA NUBLA

COUNSELORHON. SUSANA

PUNZALAN

COUNSELORHON.RAMON TO

CONGRESSMANHON OSCAR MALAPITAN

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINESCity of Caloocan,

Zone 14, District I, Caloocan City

OFFICE OF THE BARANGAY COUNCILBarangay Talipapa 164, Zone 14, District I,

Caloocan City

Premium St., GSIS Village, Quezon CityTel no: 983-2010

BARANGAY TALIPAPA PROFILE(As of_year 2009)

Name: Barangay TalipapaAddress: Barangay Talipapa 164, Zone 14,

District I, Caloocan CityContact No.:Tel. Fax No.: 983-2010

BARANGAY BOUNDARIESNorth: Valenzuela, BulacanEast: Quezon CityWest: Baesa, Sta. QuiteriaSouth: Sta. Quiteria

CREATION

Date Created:Manner of Creation: Local Government CodeLand Area: 64.91 hectaresBarangay Total Population: 25,000(as of 2007)Total Number of Household: 3,590

Number of Registered Voters: 6,700Number of Voting Center:Number of Precincts: 37Number of SK Registered Voters: 600 (as of 2008)Yearly Increase and Population: 4%Immigration: 5%Out Migration: 1%Net Migration: 1%

II. LIST OF SITIO /AREAS WITHIN THE BARANGAY

1. NPC AREA. A

2. NPC AREA. B

3. NPC AREA. C

4. NPC AREA. D

5. ROAD. 5 to ROAD 9

6. JP RAMOY

7. GSIS HILLS

8. INTEVILLE SUBDIVISION 9. ROCKVILLE SUBDIVISION

III. THE BARANGAY

EXISTING FACILITIES IN THE BARANGAY: ( PUBLIC or PRIVATE)

SCHOOLS:

PRE-SCHOOLS: 6 pre –schoolsELEMENTARY: 2 HIGHSCHOOL: 2TECHNICAL/ VOCATIONAL: none

TERTIARY: none

HEALTH CENTERS/MEDICAL FACILITIES:

HEALTH CENTERS: 1 (besides barangay hall) LYING-IN: 3 TERTIARY HOSPITALS: None

SPORTS FACILITIES:

OPEN COURT: 3 GYMNASIUM: private owned COVERED COURT: 1(is located in front of barangay hall) MULTI PURPOSE: 1 READING CENTERS/LIBRARY: 1 INFORMATION CENTERS (GMAC, specifically): 1

WATER FACILITIES:

DEEP WELL: 1 NAWASA: 3

IV. BARANGAY COUNCIL

BARANGAY CHAIRMAN: HON. ELIZABETH M. MALIWAT

Barangay Kagawad:

HON.Alfredo C. Dela Cruz (Peace and Order)HON.Virgilio B. Nicolas (Livelihood and Cooperative)HON.Ramon O. Lunas (Clean and Green and Solid Waste Management)HON.Mila J. Uy ( Health and Education accounts)HON.Rodrigo L. Sarmiento ( anti- drug abuse information)

SK Chairman:RANNIEL M. MONTEMAYOR (Sports committee and youth development)

SK Kagawad:Patrick Justine D. SoniJeffrey B. JimenezDirk Dhanreb R. PerezEdcel Royce C. MedinaJerickson S. BustardeMenileo G. Mercado IIIWilliam M. SeguraGenelle V. Pablico

Barangay Secretary:Dulce L. Bilang-awa

BARANGAY STAFF:

1. COUNSEULO V. ESTRELLA2. CRISALYN V.NICOLAS3. MONALISA BAUTISTA (TREASURER)4. LOUIS BACANI

5. GENELLE V. PABLICO (BARANGAY SECRETARY)

LUPON GROUPINGS

GROUP 1SPO2 Celindo Fortajada

Cora Fortez Jaime Baentiong Gajultos

GROUP 2Salvador D. Domocmat Jr

Clememcia Prieto Cesar L. Rivera

GROUP 3Mercedes L. Bacani

Nora CortezLeodegario Penamante

GROUP 4Gerardo Dante R. ManzanaesJosefina Dela Cruz Pintado

MASTERLIST OF REGULAR BARANGAY TANODBrgy. 164, zone 14, dist .1

Members:Palmiro L. Pitinis Crisostomo B. AtaydeCornelio J. Conception Dennis S. MendozaLeo J. BagamasbadLuisito H. Penamente SR.Robert R. OctaPablo H. UyDanilo G. ArandiaJose B. BrazilRoel D. CanaRolando L. CastillanoJuliet H. CuritanaFerdinand De ChavezRolando G. GirayNelson GranadaCandido D. LunasJose MoranoJesus PinlacReynaldo Zababa

LUPON TAGAPAMAYAPA PRESENT OFFICERS

Josefina Dela Cruz PintadoGerardo Dante R. ManzanaesSalvador D. Domocmat Jr Mercedes L. BacaniClememcia PrietoCelindo P. FortajadaCesar L. RiveraJaime Baentiong GajultosCorazon Q. Fortes

PROJECT IN BARANGAY 164

LIST OF PROJECTS

2008 PROJECT Day Care Center

ALSImprovement of Barangay Hall

Clean and Green

2009 PROJECT

Wall PaintingLandscaping of Barangay Hall

Playground of NPC Area ACementing of Deleña Compound

2010 PROJECT

Cementing of Cuadra StreetCementing of Estrella Compound

Drainage of Bayabas Street

ACCOMPLISHMENT REPORT:

CLEAN AND GREEN- Cleaning of campaign posters brgy.164Oct 28,2010 –Nov 2010

December 2, 2010- Declogging of manhole – road 14 corner rd.5 completed.

Transportation &Communication - wheel balancing / tire replacement – Dec 2,2010 Dec 2 2010- repair rescue (white)completed Dec8,2010

Declogging of CR of Brgy. Health center toilet bowl of CR. Dec 20 2010

Installation of water and air outlet of septic tank Dec20,2010

Cementing of portion of pathwalk on road 9 corner Kagawad Uy

Installation of 2 improvised street lights at Barmat area. Dec 23,2010

Barista class- 14 days Jan6 to 21 Monday to Saturday (9:00am 5:00pm)

Feeding program with STI students at area B

Talipapa Health Center Staff

Physician in Charge: Dr. Eduardo Marasigan – (Tuesday)Dra. Ruth Sabtiago (Thursday)

Dentist: Dra. Imelda Torres

Nurse:Michelle Timpre

Medtech: Zenaida Chinjen

Midwife: Mrs. Anita Padin

Nursing Aide: Ms. Frannie

Laboratory: Aide: E. Salonga

Barangay Nutritionist: Rowena A. Aquino

Sanitary Inspector:Mrs. Pat Sapitan

Barangay Health Workers

MEMBERS:

Betty Hermogones

Eden Clavacio

Violeta Mendoza

Beth Corpuz

Nene Acuin

Talipapa Barangay Health CenterProgram and services

Schedule:

Monday – Friday........................................................... Pre natal Tuesday – Thursday..................................................... ConsultationTuesday..........................................................................BakunaWednesday.....................................................................Out reach Thursday...........................................................................Out reach

Monday – Friday............................................................... Family PlanningMonday – Friday...............................................................Dental

8:00 – 10:00 amThursday – Friday .............................................................Sputum CollectionNTP Patient Medicine ......................................................Daily 1:00 pm

GSIS HILLS SUBDIVISIONHOMEOWNERS’ ASSOCIATION INC.

Talipapa, Caloocan City

BOARD OF MEMBERS:Engr. Angel N. Jaurigue

ChairmanBenita O. BaldicVice chairman

MEMBERS:Alicia R. VargasElsa SJ. Palomo

Adoracion C. RarelaEsperanza G. PerezGorgonia H. Tala

Crescencia G. ZabalaAvelino M. Corot Jr.

Jesusita O. MascarinasNida V. DavidDelia Bernales

EXECUTIVE OFFICERSAlicia R. Vargas

PresidentGorgonia H. TalaVice PresidentElsa SJ. Palamo

SecretaryJulieta A. OrtegaAsst. Secretary

Crescencia G. ZabalaTreasurer

Evangeline T. BaetAsst. Treasurer

Avelino M. Corot Jr.Auditor

Gene C. BaldricTechnical Adviser

PRESENT ACTIVITIES:

Subdivision drainage located at the main entrance

Hired security guards

Hired street cleaners

Membership plate for free

Construction of perimeter

Enclosing the big water tank of the subdivision owned

TALIPAPA (TODA ASSOCIATION LIST OF OFFICER

PRESIDENT: ROQUE LAUNIO JR.VICE PRESIDENT: MARIO MARGALLOSECRETARY: CESAR BUENATREASURER: ROMEL PINEDAAUDITOR: RAFFY KIPTEP.R.O.: ROMEO PANDAC

BOARD MEMBERS:

JULIE ALINIO “CHAIRMAN”NELIO LIMA “VICE CHAIRMAN”FELIX DALAGAN RENE ADSUARAJULIO CLAROVICTOR GARCIAAMANDO DE GUZMAN DEMENTRIO GOZANES

CHAPTER IIIPRESENTATION,

INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers used the “Descriptive Method” on their study.

Many scientific disciplines, especially social science and psychology, use this method to obtain a general overview of the subject.

It is also useful where it is not possible to test and measure the large number of samples needed for more quantitative types of experimentation.

The results from a descriptive research can in no way be used as a definitive answer or to disprove a hypothesis but, if the limitations are understood, they can still be a useful tool in many areas of scientific research.

Advantages The subject is being observed in a completely natural and unchanged natural

environment. A good example of this study would be Barangay Talipapa 164 without affecting their normal behavior in any way. True experiments, whilst giving analyzable data, often adversely influence the normal behavior of the subject.

Descriptive research is often used as a pre-cursor to quantitative research designs, the general overview giving some valuable pointers as to what variables are worth testing quantitatively. Quantitative experiments are often expensive and time-consuming so it is often good sense to get an idea of what hypotheses are worth testing.

Respondents of the studyThe researchers chose Brgy. 164, Zone 14, District 1,Caloocan City as the

subject population of the study. Since the most important factor in distributing the questionnaires is the judgment of the researcher as to who can give the best information to achieve the objectives of the study. This population is composed of 4,100 families but the researchers randomly chose only a hundred families for this study.

In this study the researchers made use of questionnaires , interviews and observations as techniques to gather data needed to meet the problem posted.

The questionnaire-checklist used to gather data was prepared by the researchers (4th year students)

Part I of the questionnaires is about family dataPart II of the questionnaires is about socioeconomic dataPart III of the questionnaires is about housing and environmental conditionPart IV of the questionnaires is about awareness of community resourcesPart V of the questionnaires is about health nutrition

Part VI of the questionnaires is about knowledge, attitude, and practicePart VII of the questionnaires is about the awareness of community

organizationPart VIII of the questionnaires is about environmental adequacyThe researchers went house to house , interview and give survey questions

to the respondents, Vague answers where clarified by the students.Keen observation was also used to obtain data that cannot be secured

adequately with the questionnaire.

POPULATION PROFILE

Barangay 164, Zone 14, District-1 Caloocan City has 25,000 families as of 2007, a rough estimate of 125,000 members. We surveyed 100 families composed of 465 members. This 2007 population is expected to increase in the succeeding years because of birth and migration to the area.

TABLE 1 FAMILY STRUCTURE

SEX DISTRIBUTION

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEMale 228 49%Female 237 51%

Total 465 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of 465 respondents in the survey, 228 or 49% of 465 of the total population surveyed were male and the remaining 237 or 51% were female.

Analysis: Out of 465 respondents, the table shows that there is only little difference in the number of female and male respondents. There was a balance of roles; females inclined to the family needs while the males were out to provide for the financial and economic needs of the family.

TABLE 2 AGE DISTRIBUTION

CATEGORY FEMALE FREQUENCY

% MALE FREQUENCY

%

0 – 11 months 1 1% 8 2%1 – 4 y / o 17 4% 16 3%5 – 6 y / o 10 2% 24 5%7 – 14 y / o 32 7% 35 8%15 – 49 y / o 157 34% 120 26%50 – 64 y / o 11 2% 13 3%65 and above 9 2% 12 2%

Total 237 51% 228 49%

Interpretation:

The table shows that out of 465 respondents, 237 or 51% were female and 228 or 49% were male. Of the female survey, 1 or 1% belonged to 0-11 month old bracket, 17 or 4% belonged to 1-4 year old bracket, 10 or 2% belonged to 5-6 year old bracket, 32 or 7% belonged to 7-14 year old bracket, 157 or 34% belonged to 15-49 year old bracket, 11 or 2% belonged to 50-64 year old bracket, and 9 or 2% belonged to the 65 year old and above bracket. Of the male survey, 8 or 2% belonged to 0-11 month old bracket, 16 or 3% belonged to 1-4 year old bracket, 24 or 5% belonged to 5-6 year old bracket, 35 or 8% belonged to 7-14 year old bracket, 120 or 26% belonged to 15-49 year old bracket, 13 or 3% belonged to 50-64 year old bracket, and 12 or 2% belonged to the 65 year old and above bracket.

Analysis: Of the respondents surveyed, majority belonged to 15-49 age brackets are normally capable of being productive and independent in the society. Under the present living of condition, these people, being impoverished, as we can see they tend to try surviving in this present society.

TABLE 3 HEAD OF THE FAMILY

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGESingle 16 16%

Married 73 73%Widowed 0 0%Single Parent 4 4%Live-in 7 7%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of 100 respondents in the survey, 16 or 16% of 100 of the respondents surveyed were single, 73 or 73% were married, 0 or 0% were widowed, 4 or 4% were single parents, and the remaining 7 or 7% were live-in.

Analysis: This shows the dominance of the Filipino culture being conservative, reflecting that most of them still prefer to be married. Although current trend shows that live-in partners are in the rise maybe because of their economic status.

TABLE 4 FAMILY STRUCTURE

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGENuclear 60 60%

Extended 40 40%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of 100 respondents in the survey, 60 or 60% of 100 of the respondents surveyed were nuclear in category, 40 or 40% belonged to extended type of family.

Analysis: Contrary to the common family type among Filipinos, the survey showed that the nuclear type of family is more dominant than the extended type of the family. It is probably because of the trending clamor for independence and privacy of this generation.

TABLE 5 PLACE OF ORIGIN

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGELuzon 41 41%

Visayas 47 47%Mindanao 12 12%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: Table 5 shows that out of the 100 family respondents, 41 or 41% of the respondents surveyed were originally from Luzon, 47 or 47% were from Visayas, and 12 or 12% were from Mindanao.

Analysis: Migrations usually happen when less fortunate people or whose economy does not provide enough livelihood in order to find greener pastures. With the belief of Metro Manila offering better opportunities than in the province, people will naturally try to come over to Manila.

TABLE 6 OCCUPATIONAL STATUS OF THE HEAD OF THE FAMILY (15-64 YEARS OLD)

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Employed 65 65%Unemployed 22 22%Self-Employed 13 13%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of the 100 respondents, 65 or 65% of the respondents were employed, 22 or 22% were unemployed, and 13 or 13% were self-employed or has their own business.

Analysis: This shows that majority of the head of the family really tries hard to survive by either getting jobs or opening up their own business. It also brings out the positive quality and trait of the Filipinos in terms of their persistence and hardworking attitude.

TABLE 7 OCCUPATION

OCCUPATION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEOffice Worker 1 1%Construction Worker 16 25%

Programmer 2 3%Laborer 4 7%Driver 22 34%Factory Worker 9 14%Businessman 1 1%Security Guard 9 14%Deliveryman 1 1%

Total 65 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that 2 or 3% were office workers, 16 or 20% were construction workers, 2 or 3% were programmers, 4 or 5% were laborers, 22 or 28% were drivers, 9 or 12% were factory workers, 13 or 17% were businessmen, 9 or 11% were security guards and the remaining 1or 1% was a deliveryman.

Analysis: Majority of the respondents work as a driver either drives a jeep or a tricycle. This proves that this type of work is the most convenient for people who did not finish a degree. It does not require cognitive skills and intellect which maybe the root of all reasons why etiquette and road courtesy in the Philippine road is non-existence .

TABLE 8 MONTHLY INCOME OF FAMILIES

INCOME FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEMore than 5000 41 41%

3000 – 4000 29 29%2000 – 3000 22 22%Below 1000 8 8%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of the 100 respondents, 41 or 41% of the respondents earn more than 5,000 pesos per month, 29 or 29% earns 3,000-4,000 pesos per month, 22 or 22% earns 2,000 pesos per month, 8 or 8% earns below 1,000 pesos a month.

Analysis: A big percentage showed that most of the families interviewed were earning more than 5,000 pesos a month. It could be that the income bracketing of data is outdated since the economy and inflation has already multiplied in the past 5 years. It is unclear as to what can be read about this data except that it can be stated plainly that majority earns more than 5,000 pesos a month. The amount can not surpass the daily needs of the family such as food , education , clothing , and shelter , so poverty in most families in the barangay were rampant .

TABLE 9 DAILY EXPENDITURE

A. FOOD FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Below 20 0 0%

30 – 50 0 0%

More than 50 100 100%

Total 100 100%

B. CLOTHING FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEOnce a year 46 46%Twice 40 40%Thrice 14 14%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of the 100 respondents, 100 or 100% of the respondents spends more than 50 pesos for food per day. For clothing expenditures, 46 or 46% buy clothes once a year, 40 or 40% buy clothes twice a year, and 14 or 14% buy clothes three times a year.

Analysis: Under food expenditures, if 100% of the respondents states that they spend more than 50 pesos per day, it only means that the prices of food nowadays have spiraled upwards because of inflation. In comparison with clothing expenditures where majority of the respondents buys clothing only once a year, it demonstrates that people needs have to be prioritized in accordance to the Maslow’s Hierarchy.

TABLE 10 TYPE OF HOUSING

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEConcrete 10 10%Wood 70 70%Makeshift 0 0%

Mixed 20 20%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of 100 houses, 20 or 20% of the houses are mixed, 10 or 10% are concrete, 70 or 70% are wood, and 0 or 0% is makeshift.

Analysis: In the Philippines, one of the natural resources here is wood, when wood is cut or pressed into a lumber or timber such as planks, boards and other material they are used for construction purposes. Wood is the main requirements in building houses especially here in the Philippines. Wood is very flexible especially on under loads, bending and keeping their strength and is incredibly strong when compressed vertically. Type of structure in most climates that is a tested material for constructing houses. .

TABLE 11 VENTILATION

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEPoor 70 70%Good 30 30%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of 100 houses, 70 or 70% has poor ventilation and only 30 or 30% has good ventilation .

Analysis: One type of poor ventilation is “stale air”. The stale air is usually caused by the cooking smells, people smoking, the odors remaining in the bathroom, a general lack of ventilation around the house as well as by a damp atmosphere and the air coming from the dirty creek , dirty environment and crowded houses . All these problems can cause a certain level of discomfort (which can be avoided!) as well as the risk of respiratory illness and general poor health.

TABLE 12 LIGHTING

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEAdequate 30 30%Inadequate 70 70%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of 100 houses, 30 or 30% of it has adequate lighting and 70 or 70% has inadequate.

Analysis: Inadequate lighting can lead to an accident and can cause severe injury to a person or can lead to a mass damage on their neighborhood, especially during night time in that place.

TABLE 13 SURROUNDINGS

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEClean 35 35%

Dirty 65 65%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation:The table shows that out of 100 houses, 65 or 65% has dirty surroundings and 35 or 35% has clean surroundings.

Analysis: Since the place is overpopulated/overcrowded, the families have no proper bins for their wastes/garbages. It is not surprising,that all have a dirty surroundings as a result, Dirty surroundings can result to inadequate eenvironmental sanitation , air pollution, bad smells and other bad things such as illnesses.

TABLE COMMON HOUSEHOLD PESTS

PESTS TOTAL PERCENTAGECockroaches 48 48%Rats/Mice 30 30%

Mosquitoes 11 11%Flies 9 9%Ants 2 2%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of 100 respondents surveyed for common household pests, 48 or 48 were cockroaches, 30 or 30% were infested with mice or rodents, 11 or 11% were mosquitoes, 9 or 9% were of flies, and 2 or 2% were of ants.

Analysis: Cockroaches and mice showed as the most dominant infestation because the nature of the

surroundings presents the most suitable breeding place for these pests. The moist environment presented by the creek is a haven for cockroaches and the small nooks and crevices of the enclosed spaces provides oasis for the rats and mice.

TABLE BREEDING SITES OF INSECTS & RODENTS(PRESENCE OF)

CATEGORY TOTAL PERCENTAGEYes 100 100%None 0 0%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of 100 respondents, 100 or 100% showed the presence of breeding sites for insects and rodents.

Analysis: Houses closely stacked together coupled with the problem of open drainage, and living near a

polluted creek is an obvious indicator for the presence of breeding sites for insects and rodents.

TABLE PRESENCE OF HEALTH HAZARDS

HEALTH HAZARD TOTAL PERCENTAGEFalling electronic wires 46 46%Slippery floorings 0 0%Broken roofings 30 30%

Sharps 24 24%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of 100 respondents surveyed for health hazards, 46 or

46% have falling electronic wires, 0 or 0% had slippery floorings, 30 or 30% have broken roofings, and 24 or 24% have sharp objects present around the house.

Analysis: Depressed areas like the community surveyed have always been plagued with these kinds of

problems. High expenses hinder these people from hiring the services of professional electricians which resulted to improper installations of electrical wirings. Same thing with the high costs of roofing materials and installations, these people tend to make the most of whatever is available at a cheaper cost which naturally resulted to defective roofings.

TABLE 14 WATER SUPPLY OF FAMILIES

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEArtesian Well 50 50%Deep Well 30 30%NAWASA 16 26%

Others 4 4%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of 100 houses, 16 or 16% of it uses NAWASA as their water source, 30 or 30% uses Deep Well, 50 or 50% uses Artesian Well, and 4 or 4% uses other sources of water.

Analysis:For generations, we have been able to find clean, abundant sources of freshwater. With growing populations and increased agricultural and industrial demands, we are beginning to see this formerly bountiful resource becoming scarce. As source waters become polluted and weather patterns shift, communities are placed at the mercy of droughts, water diversion projects and political maneuvering.

TABLE 15 STORAGE OF DRINKING WATER

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGERefrigerated 29 29%Covered 70 70%Uncovered 1 1%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of 100 houses, 70 or 70% of it covers their drinking water when storing, while 29 or 29% refrigerate it, and 1 or 1% do not cover it at all.

Analysis:Health wise, water is an essential part of our survival. In the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, water

is considered one of the basic physiologic needs. Preservation and conservation of this is a natural task for every person. Covering and refrigerating water helps minimize contamination and thus making it safe for human consumption.

TABLE 16 TOILET FACILITIES

SANITARY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEFlush 53 53%Private Pit 0 0%Owned 40 40%

Share 7 7%Others 0 0%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation:The table shows that out of 100 houses, 53 or 53% of it uses flush in their toilet facilities, while 40

or 40% owned toilets, 7 or 7% is sharing it, and there’s neither private pit nor other types of facilities, is 0 or 0%.

Analysis:Although a good number of the families uses the flushing type, a good majority of these goes

straight to the creek behind. This is not a good waste disposal system. Not only it pollutes the environment but it also poses a great threat to the health of the people living near it, as it provides a good breeding place for bacteria and viruses.

TABLE 17 GARBAGE DISPOSAL OF FAMILIES

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGECollection 100 100%Burning 0 0%Burying 0 0%

Open-Dumping 0 0%Garbage Cans 0 0%Others 0 0%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of 100 households, 100 or 100% of it has their garbage collected. There

are no burning, burying, open-dumping, garbage cans and other types of it.

Analysis:Sanitation Services of the City Government is responsible for the collection and disposal of

residential solid waste in that area and other areas in the city. Residents have a designated date for collection, they stock their garbage until it is collected. Although garbage is collected, the system is still considered inadequate in terms of environmental sanitation because the collection site is an open ground and exposed to the air until finally collected. While waiting for it to be collected, the wastes still provide an opportunity as a breeding ground for insects which can become vectors of the most common diseases available to man, not mentioning the foul odor it emits to the near neighborhood.

TABLE 18 TYPE OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEClosed 47 47%Open 53 53%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of 100 houses, 53 or 53% of it has open type of drainage, while 47 or

47% has close type.

Analysis:Open drainage over the time can accumulate stagnant water and make the soil muddy which in

turn causes the soil to erode; this is not good for the environment and it disrupts the balance of nature. The stagnant and contaminated water can also provide as breeding places for bacteria and viruses that will lead to compromise the health of the surrounding neighborhood.

TABLE 19 FOOD STORAGE

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGECovered 71 71%Uncovered 0 0%Refrigerated 29 29%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation:The table shows that out 100 houses, 71 or 71% covers their food when storing, while 29 or 29%

refrigerates it, and 0 or 0% stores it uncovered.

Analysis:Belonging to the criteria of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, food as basic physiologic need needs to

be preserved and maintained fresh as much as possible in order to be fit for human consumption. Covering foods during their storage helps prolong their viability by preventing exposure to bacteria, flies, viruses, dusts, and other materials that may shorten its usable time for consumption.

TABLE 20 PRESENCE OF PETS/ANIMALS

PETS/ANIMALS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEDogs 27 63%Cats 15 35%Chicken 1 2%

Total 43 100%

Interpretation:The table shows that out of 43 pets/animals, 27 or 63% of them are dogs, 15 or 35% are cats, and

1 or 2% is chicken.

Analysis:Although pets can provide a pleasant relationship experience among owners, the disadvantages of

which may not justify their presence especially if they are not kept maintained accordingly. Undeniably, Filipinos did not developed the habit of picking up after their pets wastes and they just usually leave those pet feces littered around the streets open for bacterial breeding. In addition, pets’ hair can also become a source of upper respiratory diseases when inhaled by sensitive people.

TABLE 21 COMMUNITY RESOURCES

RESOURCES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEHealth Center 59 26%Church 48 21%Barangay Hall 51 22%

Park 12 5%School 34 15%Market 25 11%Total 229 100%

Interpretation:The table shows that out of 229, 59 or 26% utilizes the health center, 48 or 21% goes to church, 51

or 22% utilizes the barangay hall, 12 or 5% uses the park, 34 or 15% knows where the school is, and 25 or 11% goes to the local market.

Analysis:The importance of having a health center in a community can never be understated, for it provides

the basic and serves the most immediate needs of the people in terms of health preservation and maintenance. Barangay Halls provides a venue where people can settle their conflicts locally, provides meeting places where local leaders can discuss their business and agendas and address whatever problems that rises up in the community.

TABLE 22 INDIGENOUS HEALTH WORKER

TYPE OF WORKERS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGETrained Hilot 41 41%BHW 39 39%Herbularyo 14 14%

Untrained Hilot 6 6%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of the 100 respondents, 41 or 41% of the respondents

rely on trained hilots, 39 or 39% rely on barangay health workers, 14 or 14% rely on herbularyos, and 6 or 6% rely on untrained hilots.

Analysis: It is not surprising that people in the poor sector relies more on trained hilots because of its

affordability or accessibility. In fairness, people who rely on BHW are not that far in terms of numbers. This is a good indication that the government is doing a good job informing the people with regards to the health services it offers. The availability of trained hilots provides the first hand service in terms of the safe assisting of a woman during pregnancy, labor and/or after delivery. Their accessibility when called upon is a cliché for its advantages especially for a community of less fortunate people. However, the developing dependency for trained hilot may become a disadvantage as people will delay or defer their decision of going to medical doctors when the real need comes.

TABLE 23 NUTRITION FOOD PREFERENCE

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEFish 20 18%Vegetables 28 25%

Meat 4 4%Mixed 59 53%

Total 111 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that 20 or 18% of the respondents prefers fish, 28 or 25% prefers

vegetables, 4 or 4% prefers meat, and 59 or 53% prefers mixed foods.

Analysis: This may show that less fortunate people are geared towards consuming a more

balanced food by preferring mixed foods probably in an attempt to save more money. Being in the frontlines, they are more aware of the price variations of fish, meat, and vegetables. They can readily adjust their budget by buying whatever is offered with a bargain.

TABLE 24 KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE & PRACTICE UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CENTERS

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEYes 90 90%No 10 10%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that of the 100 respondents, 90 or 90% of the respondents utilizes

the local barangay health center, and 10 or 10% do not.

Analysis: This proves the effectiveness of the local government in making its citizens aware

of the services it offers, especially in terms of providing health care. If all the barangays in this country will be able encourage their constituents to trust and use the system, the country is on the right path towards attaining the national health goal intended for its citizens.

TABLE 25 KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE & PRACTICE REASONS FOR UTILIZATION

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEIllness 46 44%

Pre-natal 16 15%Post-natal 9 9%Dental 7 7%Family Planning 15 14%Nutrition 12 11%

Total 105 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that 46 or 44% of the respondents utilize the health center for

their illnesses, 16 or 15% use them for pre-natal check up, 9 or 9% utilize them for post-natal, 7 or 7% use them for dental services, 15 or 14% utilize the center for family planning services, and 12 or 11% use them for their nutrition needs.

Analysis: A good percentage indicates that people uses the health center in times of their general illnesses.

This reflects the trust on the local health care provider in answering the needs of the people when they are ill.

TABLE 26 KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE & PRACTICE FIRST PERSON CONSULTED IN TIMES OF ILLNESS

HEALTH WORKER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEMD 50 50%Hilot 15 15%

Nurse 13 13%Herbularyo 5 5%Midwife 4 4%BHW 13 13%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that 50 or 50% of the respondents consults medical doctors first

in time of illnesses, 15 or 15% consults hilot first, 13 or 13% consults nurses, 5 or 5% consults herbularyos first, 4 or 4% consults midwife first, and 13 or 13% consults barangay health workers first in times of their illnesses.

Analysis: The high number showing the people consulting doctors first in time of their illnesses

demonstrates the increasing trust in the effectiveness of proven science in contrast with the traditional and beliefs sometimes associated superstitions.

TABLE USUAL DISEASES

DISEASE TOTAL PERCENTAGEHypertension 9 8%Cough, Colds, & Fever 45 41%Skin Diseases 29 26%

Diarrhea 10 9%UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)

1 1%

Tonsillitis 3 3%Dengue 8 7%Asthma 6 5%

Total 111 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of 111 respondents, 9 or 8% of has hypertension, 45 or

41% had coughs, colds, & fever; 29 or 26% had skin diseases, 10 or 9% suffered diarrhea, 1 or 1% had UTI, 3 or 3% had tonsillitis, 8 or 7% had dengue, 6 or 5% was suffering from asthma.

Analysis: The survey shows the two most common consequences of inadequate living space, open drainage, and living near a polluted creek. Coughs, cold, fever and skin diseases are due to the abundance of micro-organisms presented by this kind of environment.

TABLE 27 WHAT DO YOU USUALLY DO FOR THIS CONDITION?

INTERVENTION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGESelf-Medication 47 47%Consultation 35 35%Hospital 15 15%Private Clinics 3 3%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that out of the 100 families interviewed, 47 or 47% does self-

medication in times of their illnesses, 35 or 35% consults, 15 or 15% goes to the hospital, and 3 or 3% goes to private clinics.

Analysis: It is not surprising for Filipinos nowadays to practice self-medication because of the current

economic hardship being experienced by majority. Although not an ideal practice, people are pushed into it in order to save money. For mild and common signs and symptoms, people get familiarized on how to handle them but the problem comes along when they tend to abuse the use of antibiotics which further aggravates the problem when not taken in full dose.

TABLE 28 FAMILY PLANNING

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEAcceptor (Yes) 75 75%Non-Acceptor (No) 25 25%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that of the 100 respondents, 75 or 75% of the respondents are

acceptors of family planning method, and 25 or 25% are non-acceptors.

Analysis: A good percentage of people surveyed shows that 75 or 75% of them accepts the

idea of family planning. 25 or 25% are still conservative, ignorant or unaware of the idea of family planning. Family planning involves a great deal of thought and provides the advantage of having the consideration regarding finances, future plans and desired family dynamics. Family planning can be extremely advantageous to a family’s financial situation, both present and future. Having Family dynamics is equips the family with the decision for what is right for their family based on the specific needs of each member.

TABLE 29 METHOD OF INFANT FEEDING

METHOD FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEBreast 70 70%Bottle 8 8%Mixed 22 22%

Total 100 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that among the 100 respondents, 70 or 70% practiced breast

feeding method, 8 or 8% used bottles, and 22 or 22% practiced mixed feeding, that is, the use of breast feeding and use of bottles.

Analysis: One of the benefits of breast feeding is that it is economical and naturally the most appealing to

people belonging to the poor sector of the society. This is the reason why a good 70% of them practice this. Aside from its economical benefits, breastfeeding offers the most effective immunity protection for the baby which tops the list for its advantages.

TABLE 30 SUBJECTS YOU WANT TO LEARN IN HEALTH EDUCATION

SUBJECT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEDrug Abuse 9 6%Nutrition 57 40%Family Planning 32 22%

Herbal Plants 6 4%First-Aid 40 28%Others 0 0%

Total 144 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that 9 or 6% of the respondents were interested in learning about

the subject of drug abuse, 57 or 40% were interested about nutrition, 32 or 22% were interested about family planning, 6 or 4% were interested about the use of herbal plants, and 40 or 28% were interested in learning about first aid and 0 or 0% were interested about learning others.

Analysis: Nutrition, family planning, and first aid dominated the top subjects which people are interested to

learn about. All these maximize their benefits in ratio to their savings in all possible areas of necessities. Learning nutrition provides safeguard and maintenance against diseases as people in this level cannot afford to be sick. The financial benefits of family planning are too obvious to warrant explanation. First aid enables someone who is injured, to be quickly treated with basic first aid before they can be properly treated at a local hospital. This advantage increases the chances of the person surviving in terms of emergency situations.

TABLE 31 ARE YOU AWARE OF ANY EXISTING ORGANIZATION IN THE COMMUNITY?

AWARENESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEAware 49 49%Unaware 51 51%Total 100 100%

Interpretation:It is indicated on the table that 49 or 49% of the families were aware of an existing organization in

the community and 51 or 51% of the families were unaware of an existing organization in the community.

Analysis:The table indicates that majority of the families were unaware that there was an existing

organization in the community. The disadvantage of this is the missed benefits that were solely intended for the people around the community. If they are not aware of any support group around, how can they expect help in times of problems particularly addressed by the organization.

TABLE 32 ARE YOU A MEMBER OF ANY OF THE ORGANIZATION?

MEMBERSHIP FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEMember 38 38%Nonmember 62 62%Total 100 100%

Interpretation:The table indicates that 38 or 38% of the total families were members of the organization and 62

or 62% of the total families were nonmembers.

Analysis:It is indicated from the table that majority of the families were nonmembers of any organization in

their community.

TABLES 33 ARE YOU AWARE OF ITS ACTIVITIES & PROJECTS?

AWARENESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEAware 46 46%Unaware 54 54%Total 100 100%

Interpretation:The table indicates that 4or 46% of the total families were aware of its activities and projects and

54 or 54% were not aware.

Analysis:The result in this survey coincides with the results in Table 31, where a good number of people are

unaware of any existing organization around the community. If they are unaware of the existence of any organization around them, it would follow that they are also not aware of its activities and projects. Same disadvantage would follow that the benefits intended by the organization is not received by most of the people who needs it. If only a minority of the people is receiving the benefits of an organization, it would appear that it defeats the very own purpose of group’s existence.

TABLE 34 HOW ARE YOU INVOLVED IN ITS ACTIVITIES?

MEANS OF INVOLVEMENT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEAttend Meetings 12 26%Participates in Planning 6 13%Participates in Implementation

18 38%

Not Involved at All 11 23%Total 47 100%

Interpretation:The table indicates that 12 or 26% of the respondents, who are aware of the existence of the

organization, attends their meetings, 6 or 13% participates in planning, 18 or 38% do implementation programs, and 11 or 23% for no involvement.

Analysis:The table proves that majority of the respondents were aware of the activities and organizations in

their community, and participates in its programs. The advantage of this is that a member who participates receives more benefits than those who do not participate because they experience the activities first hand rather than those who stay behind the scenes.

TABLE 35 ENVIRONMENT ADEQUACY OF LIVING SPACE

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGEAdequate 30 30%Inadequate 70 70%Total 100 100%

Interpretation:The table shows that out of 100 houses, 70 or 70% said their living space is inadequate, while 30

or 30% said their living space is adequate.

Analysis:Since most of them are extended families, they sleep at the same place where they eat and cook.

The problem or disadvantage of having inadequate living space is that it presents a health hazard in terms of adequate air circulation. If one of the members of the family is sick with a contagious disease, the transmission among the members is so easy and translates into a probable spread to the nearest neighbor.

TABLE 36 HAVE YOU HAD ADEQUATE…

Adequacy Rest % Sleep % Relaxation Activities

% Stress Management %

Adequate 50 62%

45 56%

55 69%

55 69%

Inadequate 30 38%

35 44%

25 31%

25 31%

Total 80 100 80 100 80 100 80 100

Figure:

Interpretation:Table 36 shows that they have had adequate rest, sleep, relaxation and stress management.

Analysis:Even if they do not have enough space for living, they still have adequate rest, sleep relaxation &

stress management because they got used to it. Their body adapted on their environment.

TABLE 37 BLOOD PRESSURE

BP HUSBAND % WIFE %High BP – 140/90 & above 5 21% 9 11%Low BP – 90/60 & below 0 0% 7 8%Normal BP – 120/80 19 79% 68 81%

Total 24 100% 84 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that among the husbands interviewed, 5 or 21% had a blood

pressure of 140/90 and above, 19 or 79% had normal BP of 120/80, and none had a blood pressure of lower than 90/60. Among the wives interviewed, 9 or 11% had a BP of 140/90 and above, 7 or 8% had a low BP of 90/60 and below, and 68 or 81% had a normal BP of 120/80.

Analysis: People in the poor sector of society has a tendency to eat only what is right in their budget and that budget is not really that enough for them to indulge and over eat. Scarcity in budget also means scarcity in food.

CHAPTER IVCOMMUNITY HEALTH CARE

PLANNING

FAMILY NURSING CARE PLAN

ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS NURSING INTERVENTION

EVALUATION

Objective:

1.70% of the community’s

houses are made

Inability to supply

construction

Advise the residents about the hazards of

up of wood

2.overcrowded houses

squatters area

3.Overlapping and tapping of electrical wirings.

Subjective:

“Mabilis po na kumalat ang apoy dito tuwing

nasusunugan” as verbalized by one of the residents.

“Marami pong nag-tatap ng mga wires dito sir. Ayan nga

material that is made up of concrete or metal due to insufficient funding.

Closeness of each other’s houses due to

land inadequacy.

Inability to recognize the presence of fire hazards due to his limited

knowledge on fire prevention and combustion

process.

having a house made of wood and the closeness of the gaps between

each houses.

Advise the residents to

report overlapping and illegal tapping of electrical

wirings.

Give first aid teachings for burn patients

Advise the families to watch

out children who are playing flammable

materials or objects

po nagka-buhul-buhol na” as verbalized by one of the residents.

Report overlapping or tapping of

electrical wires to the meralco

Teach the residents about the disadvantage of electrical

tapping

Health Problem

Family Nursing Problem

Goal of Care

Objectives of Care

Nursing Intervention

Methods of Nurse

– Family Contact

Resources Required

Inadequate Environmental Sanitation as Health Threat

Subjective:

“Di araw-araw kinokolekta ang basura, daming ng tatapon sa creek.” As verbalized by the home owners.

Objective:

Since most of them are extended families, they sleep at the same place where they eat and even cook sometimes

Inability to provide a home environment conducive to health maintenance and personal development due to

1)Lack of knowledge about the importance of proper disposal of garbage

2)Lack of/ inadequate knowledge of the importance of hygiene and sanitation

After the nursing intervention the family will able to know the importance of proper disposal and proper sanitation so that they can improve their surroundings with the use of proper disposing of garbage.

After nursing intervention the family will:

a)Improve their knowledge in proper ways to dispose garbage

b)They can implement ways of maintaining a healthy family and community

c)They can practice and develop the proper disposal of garbage

1) Establish rapport

2) Reinforce the schedule for cleaning activity

3) Emphasize the importance of a clean and healthy environment

4) Discuss techniques and methods used in cleaning and sanitizing

5)Discuss with the family the possible disease that might exist or that will result harm in improper garbage disposal

6)Demonstratin

Home Visit Lectures

1) Material resources a. Broom made of coconut midrib b. Shovel and sacks to be used in compost pit

2) Human Resources a. Time and effort of the nurse and the active participation and empowerment of the family

and they do not have enough budgets for a larger space since most of them do not t have jobs

1) Garbage can be seen disposed at the back and side of their house

2) Some garbage is stocked inside the hidden corners of the house

3) Scattered containers, gallons and pieces of wood

g proper separation of biodegradable to non-biodegradable matters

CHAPTER VEVALUATION AND

RECOMMENDATION

CHAPTER VIDIARIES, HEALTH TEACHINGS

AND LEARNINGS

DAILY DIARY

November 15, 2010 (Monday)

On the first day of our duty in the area (November 15, 2010), we made a courtesy visit to the barangay chairwoman (Elizabeth Maliwat), introduced ourselves and requested to take some pictures with her and the barangay hall’s facilities, schedules, health workers and staffs and observed and recorded some data that were necessary for our research work.

In return, Chairwoman Elizabeth Maliwat approved our request and told us that we are very welcome in conducting our survey in their community.

We then took pictures of the said requests using our Leader’s Digital Camera and began planning for the upcoming surveys.

November 22, 2010 (Monday)

On this day, our clinical instructor (Mrs. Pacheco) divided us into 2 groups. We had a survey of road 5, 6, and 7 where we can select depressed members of Barangay 164. She assigned us 10 residents for each student within the vicinity, introduced, and began our interpersonal relationship with our clients after which we had our interview using a survey sheet. We had some difficulties because some of the household were working, bringing their children to the school and some were busy with their household chores. It was a busy day on our part that even we had no time to have our snack since we had to catch the time of the family members they had passed that we had not finished our target family so we had to be back the next day. We took more pictures of the area with the residents of the community.

November 29, 2010 (Monday)

Our clinical instructor decided to gather all the data of the previous week that we had collected through the survey sheets for collation. She assigned Allain

Tayag and Marc Xavier Chua to tally each paper in order for us to get the total of the surveyed materials using two whole Manila paper and a marker.

It was quite long to tally all of the data we had collected. It took us almost 4hrs to sum it yet we still managed to finish it that very day.

After summing all of the collected data, we were called up in the dean’s office by the dean to check our tallied data and taught us few things regarding the research work together with our clinical instructor. Our dean suggested some ideas in making it and asked us few questions about our survey. She asked us where, how long, and when it was done.

After we had our conversation with our dean, we got dismissed and went home.

December 1, 2010 (Wednesday)

During this day, collation started; we planned how to make our research work and our leader, LEA MARI, assigned each of us to a specific chapter/s.

Our clinical instructor then gave us an idea on how to make this work the way she wanted and helped us to construct some sentences the way it should be.

Making our research work wass indeed stressful and time consuming but we were determined to finish it on time. We realized how hard it was to do such thing without the full cooperation of each member.

On this day we still lacked a lot of information of the place’s spot map, summary, recommendations and insights, etc. except for the surveyed data.

January 3-5, 2011(Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday)

Our class resumed, and we were able to finish collating. We had gotten the total percentage of each category in the survey. We made a graph for each and we

started making analysis and interpretation. The survey shows many problems of the community like in their personal hygiene and the cleanliness of their community. Diseases/illnesses such as hypertension, coughs, colds, dengue, and skin diseases such as ringworm were present in that particular place.

January 11-13, 2011 (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday)

We were still working on our community care plan. We shared each one’s ideas for the good of our project and continued editing while others were busy finishing their assigned tasks.

The initial data were in but it was still incomplete. It wass indeed stressful but we had to do something for us to complete our work. So our leader (Lea Mari) told us to double-the-time, finalize our work A.S.A.P. and submit it to her in order for her to make our work complete.

LEARNING INSIGHTS

After the field practice, we demonstrated the following skills:

1. Applied principles, theories and methods of Community Health Nursing

that had been studied and discussed in the classroom.

2. Learned to interact with various kinds of people.

3. Identified and analyzed health problems through the use of different sorts

of methods (e.g. survey, assessments, review of health records/reports of

the previous years, etc.)

4. Learned to make plans regarding on the improvement of the community’s

health needs.

5. Participated in the implementation of planned project in the community.

After few weeks of exposure in Barangay 164, Caloocan, the group had

appreciated more about life in the community where people live in places without

adequate lighting, food, sanitation, etc. In the process of the said experience, the

mentioned objectives of the group are partially met. And to further satisfy the

effectiveness of the identified projects and programs that were started in the

community, participation and full cooperation of the residences are the key

concepts that made it a success.

HEALTH TEACHINGS

DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER

INTRODUCTION: Philippine hemorrhagic fever was first reported in 1958. In 1958, hemorrhagic fever became a notifiable disease in country and was later reclassified asdengue hemorrhagic fever.

The mobility rate of dengue fever in 2003 is much lower at 13 cases per 100,000 population compared to the highest ever recorded rate of 60.9 per 100,000 in 1998. The cases fatality ratio for DHF in 2003is also lower at 0.8% compared to the highest ratio of 2.6% in 1998. While there were 12 outbreak of DHF in 1998, there was an average of one of three outbreaks year during the period of 1999-2004. The sudden increases in the incidence of dengue in 199, 1998 and 2001 were expected because of the cyclical nature of the disease. The reason dengue remains a threat to public health despite low incidences reported in recent years.dengue cases usually peaks in the month of july to November and lowest during the month of feb. to april.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSAn acute febrile infection of sudden onset with clinical manifestation of 3 stages:

First 4 days- febrile or invasive stage starts abruptly as high fever, abdominal pain, and headache later flushing which may be accompanied by vomiting, conjuctival infection and epistaxis.

4th-7th day- toxic or hemorrhagic stages- lowering of temperature, severe abdominal pain, vomiting and frequent bleeding in GIT in the form of hematemesis or melena. Unstable B.P., narrow pulse pressure and shock. Death may occur. Tourniquet test which may be positive on 3rd day may become negative due to low or vasomotor collapse.

7th- 10th day- convalescent or recovery stage generalized flashing with intervening areas of blanching appetite regained and blood pressure already stable.

Severe, frank type – with flushing, sudden high fever, severe hemorrhage followed by sudden drop of temperature, shock and terminating in recovery or death.

Moderate –with high fever but less hemorrhage, no shock.

Mild- with slight fever, with or w/o petechial hemorrhage but epidemiologically related to typical cases usually discovered in the course of investigation of typical cases.

SOURCE OF INFECTION Immediate source is a vector mosquito, the Aedes Aegypti or the

common household mosquito The infection person.

MODE OF TRANSMISSON: Mosquito bite (Aedes Aegypti)INCUBATION PERIOD: probably 6 days to one week.PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY: unknown, presumed to be on the week of illness when virus still present in the blood.

Susceptibility, resistance and occurrenceAll people are susceptible. Both sexes are equally affected. Age groups predominantly affected are the preschool age and school age. Adult and infant are not exempted. Peak age affected 5-9 yrs.

Occurrence is sporadic throughout the year epidemic usually occur during the rainy season june-nov. Peak months are September and October.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST

Tourniquet test ( rumple lead test)

Inflate the blood pressure cuff on the upper part to a point midway between the systolic and diastolic pressure for 5 mins.

Release cuff and make an imaginary 2.5cm sq or 1inch sq just below the cuff, at the anticubital fossa.

Count the numbers of petechiae inside the box. A test is (+) when 20 or more petechiae per 2.5 sq or 1 inch sq

are observed.

MANAGEMENT

Supportive and symptomatic treatment should be provided.

Foe fever, give paracetamol for muscle pain. For headache give analgesic DON’T give ASPIRIN

Rapidreplacement of body fluid is the most important treatment. Includes intensive monitoring and follow up. Give ORESOL to replace fluid as in moderate dehydration at 75 ml/kg in 4-

6hrs or up to 2-3ml I adults. Continue ORS intake until patient condition improve.

METHOD OF PREVENTION AND CONTROLThe infected individual, contact and environment:

Recognition of the disease. Isolation of patient Epidemiological investigation Cases finding and reporting Health education

CONTROL MEASURES1. Eliminate vector by:a. Changing water and scrubbing sides of lower vases once a weekb. Destroy breading places of mosquito by cleaning surrounding.

c. Proper disposal of rubber tires, empty bottle and cans.d. Keep water container covered.2. Avoid too many hanging clothes inside the house.3. Residual spraying with insecticides.

NURSING REPONSIBILITIESSince there is no known immunization agent against H-fever, nursing effort should be directed toward the immediate control of its cause by knowing the nature of the disease and its causation. The fallowing our important:

Report immediately municipal health office any known case outbreak. Refer immediately to the nearest hospital, cases that exhibit symptoms of

hemorrhage from any part of the body no matter how slight. Conduct a health education program directed toward environment sanitation

particularly destruction of all known breeding places pf mosquitoes.

`PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

What is DOTS?

A DOT (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course) has been identified by the

World Bank as one of the most cost-effective health strategies available.

The DOTS Strategy DOTS strategy combines appropriate diagnosis of TB and registration of each patient detected, followed by standardized multi-drug treatment, with a secure supply of high quality anti-TB drugs for all patients in treatment, individual patient outcome evaluation to ensure cure and cohort evaluation to monitor overall program performance.

DOTS is THE MOST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY available for controlling the worldwide TB epidemic today.

DOTS is an inexpensive and highly effective means of treating patients already infected with TB and preventing new infections and the development of drug resistance. Between 1995 and 2003, more than 17.1 million patients were treated under the DOTS strategy.  Worldwide, 182 countries were implementing the DOTS strategy by the end of 2003, and 77% of the world's population was living in regions where DOTS was in place. DOTS programs reported 1.8 million new TB cases through lab testing in 2003, a case detection rate of 45%, and the average success rate for DOTS treatment was 82%. WHO aims to achieve a 70% case detection rate of TB cases and cure 85% of those detected by 2005. The U.N. Millennium Development Goals include targets to halve the 1990 TB prevalence and death rates by 2015.

TB Dots Program

(The Philippines)

Tuberculosis (TB) is a curable disease yet it remains one of the leading causes of death in the Philippines treatment.

Seventy-five (75) Filipinos die of TB every day, most of them in the prime of their life.  If untreated, a person with tuberculosis can transmit the TB bacteria to as many as 10 to 15 people during the course of one year, who, in turn, may develop the disease.

In response, Stanfilco and Dolefil have developed partnerships and implemented a TB-DOTS program to eradicate the illness and raise awareness.  Already in 2004 Stanfilco became the first company in the Mindanao region to implement a TB-DOTS program, shortly followed by Dolefil. 

The TB-DOTS program, which stands for Tuberculosis Directly Observed Short-course, has five components:

1. Political or Management commitment

2. TB diagnosis through sputum microscopy (x-ray is only a secondary diagnostic tool)

3. Availability of complete and quality anti-TB medications

4. Supervised treatment (a responsible person making sure that the patient takes the anti-TB medication everyday)

5. Recording and reporting of cases and outcomes

The TB-DOTS program complies with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards as a prescribed, cost-effective strategy to detect, treat and cure TB.  Since the program’s inception at Stanfilco, it has resulted in the successful treatment of 100 cases out of 400 referrals.

Prior to the formal TB-DOTS program, Dolefil had long been promoting a TB-free workplace.  Since 2003, Dolefil has been able to identify 70 employees inflicted with the dreaded disease, of which 39 have fully recovered and 31 are still undergoing

Thus far the TB-DOTS program has been implemented together with the following partners:

Philippine Business for Social Progress (PBSP), a foundation of which Dole Philippines is a member company

Philippine Tuberculosis Initiatives for the Private Sector, a project supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)

Philippine Department of Health and the municipal and rural health units

Kasilak Foundation

Mahintana Foundation, Inc.

To further secure the success of the program, all Stanfilco doctors and nurses from nine zones in Mindanao have been fully trained as DOTS providers as of January 2005.  Furthermore, over 1,000 farm clerks and other interested parties have been trained to become TB educators, in turn giving them the tools necessary to raise awareness and correct misconceptions about TB.  Since the program’s launch, over 3,000 people (employees, their families, and the surrounding communities) have been educated about tuberculosis.

Stanfilco’s and Dolefil’s commitment is further illustrated by the fact that they were among the first companies to comply with the newly signed Department of Labor and Employment guidelines on TB in the workplace. Furthermore Dole has refurbished an idle facility into a TB-DOTS facility in the municipality of Lantapan, Bukidnon. The new facility is now serving Dole associates as well as

the barangays- or townships and local agricultural workers in the area. 

What is tuberculosis?

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by a germ called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but they can also damage other parts of the body. TB spreads through the air when a person with TB of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes or talks, if you have been exposed.

TB infection usually occurs initially in the upper part (lobe) of the lungs. The body's immune system, however, can stop the bacteria from continuing to reproduce. Thus, the immune system can make the lung infection inactive (dormant). On the other hand, if the body's immune system cannot contain the TB bacteria, the bacteria will reproduce (become active or reactivate) in the lungs and spread elsewhere in the body.

CAUSES Tuberculosis is caused by an organism called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria spread from person to person through microscopic droplets released into the air. This can happen when someone with the untreated, active form of tuberculosis coughs, speaks, sneezes, spits, laughs or sings. Rarely, a pregnant woman with active TB may pass the bacteria to her unborn child.

Although tuberculosis is contagious, it's not especially easy to catch. You're much more likely to get tuberculosis from a family member or close co-worker than from a stranger. Most people with active TB who've had appropriate drug treatment for at least two weeks are no longer contagious

How common is TB, and who gets it?

Over 8 million new cases of TB occur each year worldwide. In the United States, it is estimated that 10-15 million people are infected with the TB bacteria and 22,000 new cases of TB occur each year.

Anyone can get TB, but certain people are at higher risk, including

people who live with individuals who have an active TB infection,

poor or homeless people,

foreign-born people from countries that have a high prevalence of TB,

nursing-home residents and prison inmates,

alcoholics and intravenous drug users,

people with diabetes, certain cancers, and HIV infection (the AIDS virus),

Health-care workers.

Symptoms of tuberculosis

Although your body may harbor the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, your immune system often can prevent you from becoming sick. For this reason, doctors make a distinction between:

Latent TB. In this condition, you have a TB infection, but the bacteria remain in your body in an inactive state and cause no symptoms. Latent TB, also called inactive TB or TB infection, isn't contagious.

Active TB. This condition makes you sick and can spread to others.

Signs and symptoms of active TB include:

Unexplained weight loss

Fatigue

Fever

Night sweats

Chills

Loss of appetite

Tuberculosis usually attacks your lungs. Signs and symptoms of TB of the lungs include:

Coughing that lasts three or more weeks

Coughing up blood

Chest pain, or pain with breathing or coughing

CAUSETuberculosis is caused by an organism called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria spread from person to person through microscopic droplets released into the air. This can happen when someone with the untreated, active form of tuberculosis coughs, speaks, sneezes, spits, laughs or sings. Rarely, a pregnant woman with active TB may pass the bacteria to her unborn child.

Although tuberculosis is contagious, it's not especially easy to catch. You're much more likely to get tuberculosis from a family member or close co-worker than from a stranger. Most people with active TB who've had appropriate drug treatment for at least two weeks are no longer contagious.

RISK FACTOR

Anyone can get tuberculosis, but certain factors increase your risk of the disease. These factors include:

Lowered immunity. A healthy immune system can often successfully fight TB bacteria, but your body can't mount an effective defense if your resistance is low. A number of factors can weaken your immune system. Having a disease that suppresses immunity, such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes, end-stage kidney disease,

certain cancers or the lung disease silicosis, can reduce your body's ability to protect itself. Your risk is also higher if you take corticosteroids, certain arthritis medications, chemotherapy drugs or other drugs that suppress the immune system.

Close contact with someone with infectious TB. In general, you must spend an extended period of time with someone with untreated, active TB to become infected yourself. You're more likely to catch the disease from a family member, roommate, and friend or close co-worker.

Country of origin. People from regions with high rates of TB — especially sub-Saharan Africa, India, China, the islands of Southeast Asia and Micronesia, and parts of the former Soviet Union — are more likely to develop TB. In the United States, more than half the people with TB were born in a different country. Among these, the most common countries of origin were Mexico, the Philippines, India and Vietnam.

Age. Older adults are at greater risk of TB because normal aging or illness may weaken their immune systems. They're also more likely to live in nursing homes, where outbreaks of TB can occur.

Substance abuse. Long-term drug or alcohol use weakens your immune system and makes you more vulnerable to TB.

Malnutrition. A poor diet or one too low in calories puts you at greater risk of TB.

Lack of medical care. If you are on a low or fixed income, live in a remote area, have recently immigrated to the United States or are homeless, you may lack access to the medical care needed to diagnose and treat TB.

Living or working in a residential care facility. People who live or work in prisons, immigration centers or nursing homes are all at risk of TB. That's because the risk of the disease is higher anywhere there is overcrowding and poor ventilation.

Living in a refugee camp or shelter. Weakened by poor nutrition and ill health and living in crowded, unsanitary conditions, refugees are at especially high risk of TB infection.

Health care work. Regular contact with people who are ill increases your chances of exposure to TB bacteria. Wearing a mask and frequent hand washing greatly reduce your risk.

International travel. As people migrate and travel widely, they may expose others or be exposed to TB bacteria.

COMPLICATIONWithout treatment, tuberculosis can be fatal. Drug-resistant strains of the disease are more difficult to treat.

Untreated active disease typically affects your lungs, but it can spread to other parts of the body through your bloodstream. Complications vary according to the location of TB bacteria:

Lung damage can occur if TB in your lungs (pulmonary TB) isn't diagnosed and treated early.

Severe pain abscesses and joint destruction may result from TB that infects your bones.

Meningitis can occur if TB infects your brain and central nervous system.

Miliary TB is TB that has spread throughout your entire body, a serious complication.

TEST AND DIAGNOSIS

Skin test The most commonly used diagnostic tool for TB is a simple skin test. Although there are two methods, the Mantoux test is preferred because it's more accurate.

For the Mantoux test, a small amount of a substance called PPD tuberculin is injected just below the skin of your inside forearm. You should feel only a slight

needle prick. Within 48 to 72 hours, a health care professional will check your arm for swelling at the injection site, indicating a reaction to the injected material. A hard, raised red bump (induration) means you're likely to have TB infection. The size of the bump determines whether the test results are significant, based on your risk factors for TB.

The Mantoux test isn't perfect. A false-positive test suggests that you have TB when you really don't. This is most likely to occur if you're infected with a different type of mycobacterium other than the one that causes tuberculosis, or if you've recently been vaccinated with the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. This TB vaccine is seldom used in the United States, but widely used in countries with high TB infection rates.

On the other hand, some people who are infected with TB — including children, older people and people with AIDS — may have a delayed or no response to the Mantoux test.

Blood tests Blood tests may be used to confirm or rule out latent or active TB. These tests use sophisticated technology to measure the immune system's reaction to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These tests are quicker and more accurate than is the traditional skin test. They may be useful if you're at high risk of TB infection but have a negative response to the Mantoux test, or if you received the BCG vaccine.

Further testing If the results of a TB test are positive (referred to as "significant"); you may have further tests to help determine whether you have active TB disease and whether it is a drug-resistant strain.

These tests may include:

Chest X-ray or CT scan. If you've had a positive skin test, your doctor is likely to order a chest X-ray. In some cases, this may show white spots in your lungs where your immune system has walled off TB bacteria. In others, it may reveal a nodule or cavities in your lungs caused by active TB. A computerized tomography (CT) scan, which uses cross-sectional X-ray images, may show more subtle signs of disease.

Culture tests. If your chest X-ray shows signs of TB, your doctor may take a sample of your stomach secretions or sputum — the mucus that comes up when you cough. The samples are tested for TB bacteria, and your doctor can have the results of special smears in a matter of hours.

Samples may also be sent to a laboratory where they're examined under a microscope as well as placed on a special medium that encourages the growth of bacteria (culture). The bacteria that appear are then tested to see if they respond to the medications commonly used to treat TB. Your doctor uses the results of the culture tests to prescribe the most effective medications for you. Because TB bacteria grow very slowly, traditional culture tests can take four to eight weeks.

Other tests. Testing called nuclear acid amplification (NAA) can detect genes associated with drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This test is generally available only in developed countries.

A test used primarily in developing countries is called the microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility (MODS) assay. It can detect the presence of TB bacteria in sputum in as little as seven days. Additionally, the test can identify drug-resistant strains of the TB bacteria.

What if my test is negative?Having little or no reaction to the Mantoux test usually means that you're not infected with TB bacteria. But in some cases it's possible to have TB infection in spite of a negative test. Reasons for a false-negative test include:

Recent TB infection. It can take eight to 10 weeks after you've been infected for your body to react to a skin test. If your doctor suspects that you've been tested too soon, you may need to repeat the test in a few months.

Severely weakened immune system. If your immune system is compromised by an illness, such as AIDS, or by corticosteroid or chemotherapy drugs, you may not respond to the Mantoux test, even though you're infected with TB. Diagnosing TB in HIV-positive people is further complicated because many symptoms of AIDS are similar to TB symptoms.

Vaccination with a live virus. Vaccines that contain a live virus, such as the measles or smallpox vaccine, can interfere with a TB skin test.

Overwhelming TB disease. If your body has been overwhelmed with TB bacteria, it may not be able to mount enough of a defense to respond to the skin test.

Improper testing. Sometimes the PPD tuberculin may be injected too deeply below the surface of your skin. In that case, any reaction you have may not be visible. Be sure that you're tested by someone skilled in administering TB tests.

Diagnosing TB in children It's harder to diagnose TB in children than in adults. Children may swallow sputum, rather than coughing it out, making it harder to take culture samples. And infants and young children may not react to the skin test. For these reasons, tests from an adult who is likely to have been the cause of the infection may be used to help diagnose TB in a child.

TREATMENT AND DRUGS

Medications are the cornerstone of tuberculosis treatment. But treating TB takes much longer than treating other types of bacterial infections. Normally, you take antibiotics for at least six to nine months to destroy the TB bacteria. The exact drugs and length of treatment depend on your age, overall health, possible drug resistance, the form of TB (latent or active) and its location in the body.

Treating TB infection (latent TB) if tests show that you have TB infection but not active disease, your doctor may recommend preventive drug therapy to destroy bacteria that might become active in the future. You're likely to receive a daily or twice-a-week dose of the TB medication isoniazid. For treatment to be effective, you usually take isoniazid for nine months. Long-term use of isoniazid can cause side effects, including the life-threatening liver disease hepatitis. For this reason, your doctor will monitor you closely while you're taking isoniazid. During treatment, avoid using acetaminophen

(Tylenol, others) and avoid or limit alcohol use. Both increase your risk of liver damage.

Treating active TB diseaseIf you're diagnosed with active TB, you're likely to begin taking four medications — isoniazid, rifampin (Rifadin), ethambutol (Myambutol) and pyrazinamide. This regimen may change if tests later show some of these drugs to be ineffective. Even so, you'll continue to take several medications. Depending on the severity of your disease and whether the bacteria are drug-resistant, one or two of the four drugs may be stopped after a few months. You may be hospitalized for the first two weeks of therapy or until tests show that you're no longer contagious.

Sometimes the drugs may be combined in a single tablet such as Rifater, which contains isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide. This makes your treatment less complicated while ensuring that you get all the drugs needed to completely destroy TB bacteria. Another drug that may make treatment easier is rifapentine (Priftin), which is taken just once a week during the last four months of therapy, in combination with other drugs.

Medication side effectsSide effects of TB drugs aren't common, but can be serious when they do occur. All TB medications can be highly toxic to your liver. Rifampin can also cause severe flu-like signs and symptoms — fever, chills, muscle pain, nausea and vomiting. When taking these medications, call your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following:

Nausea or vomiting

Loss of appetite

A yellow color to your skin (jaundice)

Dark urine

A fever that lasts three or more days and has no obvious cause

Tenderness or soreness in your abdomen

Blurred vision or colorblindness

Prevention

In general, TB is preventable. From a public health standpoint, the best way to control TB is to diagnose and treat people with TB infection before they develop active disease and to take careful precautions with people hospitalized with TB. But there also are measures you can take on your own to help protect yourself and others:

Keep your immune system healthy. Eat plenty of healthy foods including fruits and vegetables, get enough sleep, and exercise at least 30 minutes a day most days of the week to keep your immune system in top form.

Get tested regularly. Experts advise people who have a high risk of TB to get a skin test once a year. This includes people with HIV or other conditions that weaken the immune system, people who live or work in a prison or nursing home, health care workers, people from countries with high rates of TB, and others in high-risk groups.

Consider preventive therapy. If you test positive for latent TB infection, your doctor will likely advise you to take medications to reduce your risk of developing active TB. Vaccination with BCG isn't recommended for general use in the United States, because it isn't very effective in adults and it causes a false-positive result on a Mantoux skin test. But the vaccine is often given to infants in countries where TB is more common. Vaccination can prevent severe TB in children. Researchers are working on developing a more effective TB vaccine.

Finish your entire course of medication. This is the most important step you can take to protect yourself and others from TB. When you stop treatment early or skip doses, TB bacteria have a chance to develop mutations that allow them to survive the most potent TB drugs. The resulting drug-resistant strains are much more deadly and difficult to treat.

To help keep your family and friends from getting sick if you have active TB:

Stay home. Don't go to work or school or sleep in a room with other people during the first few weeks of treatment for active TB.

Ensure adequate ventilation. Open the windows whenever possible to let in fresh air.

Cover your mouth. It takes two to three weeks of treatment before you're no longer contagious. During that time, be sure to cover your mouth with a tissue anytime you laugh, sneeze or cough. Put the dirty tissue in a bag, seal it and throw it away. Also, wearing a mask when you're around other people during the first three weeks of treatment may help lessen the risk of transmission.

HERBAL MEDICINE

1) BAYABAS/ GUAVA

USES:

Cleaning and disinfecting wound

Kills bacteria, fungi and ameba

Used to treat diarrhea, nose bleeding

For hypertension, diabetes and asthma

Antiseptic, astringent & anthelminthic

Used to aid in the treatment of dysentery and the inflammation of the kidney.

Used as a wash for uterine and vaginal problem

The bark and leaves can be used as astringent

Treatment for uterine hemorrhage, swollenness of the legs and other parts of the body.

Used for toothaches

Note: Bayabas can cause constipation when consumed in excess.

PREPARATION:

• Boil one cup of Bayabas leaves in three cups of water for 8 to 10 minutes. Let cool. • Use decoction as mouthwash, gargle.• Use as wound disinfectant - wash affected areas with the decoction of leaves 2 to 3 times a day. Fresh leaves may be applied to the wound directly for faster healing.• For toothaches, chew the leaves in your mouth.• For diarrhea, boil the chopped leaves for 15 minutes in water, and strain. Let cool, and drink a cup every three to four hours.• To stop nosebleed, densely roll Bayabas leaves, then place in the nostril cavities.

2) SAMBONG

USES:

Good as a diuretic agent

Effective in the dissolving kidney stones

Aids in treating hypertension & rheumatism

Treatment of colds & fever

Anti-diarrheic properties

Anti-gastralgic properties

Helps remove worms, boils

Relief of stomach pains

Treats dysentery, sore throat

PREPERATION:

A decoction (boil in water) of Sambong leaves as like tea and drink a glass 3 or 4 times a day.

The leaves can also be crushed or pounded and mixed with coconut oil.

For headaches, apply crushed and pounded leaves on forehead and temples.

Decoction of leaves is used as sponge bath.

Decoction of the roots, on the other hand, is to be taken in as cure for fever.

3) AMPALAYA

USES:

Good for rheumatism and gout

And diseases of the spleen and liver

Aids in lowering blood sugar levels

Helps in lowering blood pressure

Relives headaches

Disinfects and heals wounds & burns

Can be used as a cough & fever remedy

Treatment of intestinal worms, diarrhea

Helps prevent some types of cancer

Enhances immune system to fight infection•

For treatment of hemorrhoids•

Is an antioxidant and parasiticide

Is antibacterial and antipyretic

Good source of vitamins A, B and C, iron, folic acid, phosphorous and calcium.

PREPERATION:

• For coughs, fever, worms, diarrhea, diabetes, juice Ampalaya leaves and drink a spoonful daily.• For other ailments, the fruit and leaves can both be juiced and taken orally.• For headaches wounds, burns and skin diseases, apply warmed leaves to afflicted area.• Powdered leaves, and the root decoction, may be used as stringent and applied to treat hemorrhoids.• Internal parasites are proven to be expelled when the Ampalaya juice, made from its leaves, is extracted. The Ampalaya juice and grounded seeds is to be taken one spoonful thrice a day, which also treats diarrhea, dysentery, and chronic colitis.

4.) LUYANG DILAW OR GINGER ROOT

USES:

Relieves rheumatic pains & muscle pains

Helps in digestion and absorption of food

Anti-fungal, antiseptic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory

Alleviates sore throat, fever and colds

Ease nausea and vomiting

Intestinal disorders and slow digestion

Relief from tympanism and flatulence

Treat intestinal worms

Hinder diarrhea, gas pains

Relieve indigestion (dyspepsia), toothaches

Lower cholesterol levels

Aids treatment of tuberculosis

5.) PALO CHINA/ACAPULCO

External Uses:

Treatment of skin diseases: Tinea infections, insect bites, ringworms, eczema, scabies and itchiness.

Mouthwash in stomatitis

Internal uses:Expectorant for bronchitis and dyspnoea

Alleviation of asthma symptom.

Used as diuretic and purgative

For cough & fever

As a laxative to expel intestinal parasites and other stomach problems

PREPARATION:

For external use, pound the leaves of the Acapulco plant, squeeze the juice and apply on affected areas

As the expectorant for bronchitis and dyspnoea, drink decoction (soak and boil for 10 to 15 minutes) of Acapulco leaves. The same preparation may be used as a mouthwash, stringent, and wash for eczema.

As laxative, cut the plant parts (roots, flowers, and the leaves) into a manageable size then prepare a decoction Note: The decoction loses its potency if not used for a long time. Dispose leftovers after one day.

The pounded leaves of Acapulco have purgative functions, specifically against ringworms.

Note: A strong decoction of Acapulco leaves is an abortifacient. Pregnant women should not take decoction of the leaves or any part of this plant.

6.) OREGANO/ WILD MARJORAM

USES: 

Good for cough and cold relief

Helps prevent degenerative arthritis

Has Anti-aging properties

Helps relieve rheumatism and osteoarthritis

Bronchitis herbal remedy

Ease asthma attacks

Relieves upset stomach

Treatment of urinary tract problems

Relief for dyspepsia or indigestion

Healing wounds, insect bites & stings

Cure for sore throat

Avoid infections caused by childbirth by taking decoctions of the leaves by the recent mother.

For general good health

Anti-oxidant

PREPARATION: 

Boil one cup of fresh leaves in 3 cups of water for 10 to 15 minutes. Drink half a cup 3 times a day for common colds.

For a concentrate, juice the oregano leaves and take 1 tablespoon every hour to relieve chronic coughs, rheumatism, bronchitis, asthma, and dyspepsia.

For Insect bites, wounds and stings, apply the leaves as a poultice directly on the afflicted area.

For sore throat, boil 2 tablespoonfuls of dried oregano leaves in a pint of water; take 2 hours before or after meals.

To prevent degenerative arthritis & for general good health drink oregano decoction daily.

7.) KAROT/CARROTS

USES: 

Body cleanser, and is a medication for kidney problems

Treatment for cough and chest pains

Anti-inflammatory and antiseptic function helps solve burns, ulcer and infected wounds

Astringent and antiseptic

PREPARATION:

Boil with milk, and drink for cough

Poultice of carrots may be applied to infected wounds and to the chest, in case it is going to be used to aid in an individual’s chest pains

Ground seeds of the plant may be taken as tea, in order to increase urine flow.

8.) BANABA

USES:

Diabetes

Fights obesity

Helps regulate blood pressure

Good for the kidneys

Aids the digestive system

Helps ease urination

PREPARATION:

Note: Fresh leaves, dried leaves, flowers, ripe fruit, root and bark of Banaba can all be used.

Wash the leaves in running water (if fresh). Cut into smaller pieces if desired.

Boil Banaba (one cup Banaba to cup of water) for 30 minutes. Drink like tea.

9.) TSAANG GUBAT/ WILD TEA

USES:

Stomach pain

Gastroenteritis

Intestinal motility

Dysentery

Diarrhea or Loose Bowel Movement (LBM)

Mouth gargle

Body cleanser/wash

PREPARATION:

Thoroughly wash the leaves of tsaang gubat in running water. Chop to a desirable size and boil 1 cup of chopped leaves in 2 cups of water. Boil in low heat for 15 to 20 minutes and drain.

Take a cupful every 4 hours for diarrhea, gastroenteritis and stomach pains.

Gargle for stronger teeth and prevent cavities.

Drink as tea daily for general good health.

10.) PANDAN TREE

USES:

Treats leprosy, smallpox and wounds.

Helps reduce fever

Solves several skin problems

Relives headache and arthritis

Treatment for ear pains

Functions as a laxative for children

Eases chest pains

Helps in speeding up the recuperation of women who have just given birth and are still weak.

Pandan reduces stomach spasms and strengthens the gum.

PREPARATION:

Decoction of the bark may be taken as tea, or mixed with water that is to be used in bathing, in order to remedy skin problems, cough, and urine-related concerns.

Apply pulverized roots of pandan to affected wound areas to facilitate healing.

The anthers of the male flowers are used for earaches, headaches and stomach spasms.

Chew the roots to strengthen the gum.

Extract oils and juices from the roots and flowers are used in preparing the decoction to relieve pains brought about by headache and arthritis.

11.) GARLIC/ BAWANG

Good for the heart

Helps lower bad cholesterol levels (LDL)

Aids in lowering blood pressure

Remedy for arteriosclerosis

May help prevent certain types of cancer

Boosts immune system to fight infection

With antioxidant properties

Cough and cold remedy

Relives sore throat, toothache

Aids in the treatment of tuberculosis

Helps relieve rheumatism pain

With anticoagulant properties

PREPARATION:

For disinfecting wound, crush and juice the garlic bulb and apply. You may cover the afflicted area with a gauze and bandage.

For sore throat and toothache, peal the skin and chew. Swallow the juice.

Cloves of garlic may be crushed and applied to affected areas to reduce the pain caused by arthritis, toothache, headache, and rheumatism.

Decoction of the bawang bulbs and leaves are used as treatment for fever.

For nasal congestion, steam and inhale: vinegar, chopped garlic, and water.

12.) MALUNGGAY

USES:

Anti-oxidant

Anti-diabetic

Anti-fungal

Lower blood sugar

Aid in pains caused by rheumatism

Headache and migraine

Wound cleanser

PREPARATION:

As wound cleanser, the leaves may be crushed and applied to the affected area directly. In all instances, cleanliness should be observed to avoid complications.

Cooked leaves of the malunggay plant during his last meals of the day. This should be accompanied by water, especially when the ailment to be addressed is constipation.

13.) PANSIT PANSITAN

USES:

Arthritis

Gout

Skin boils, abscesses, pimples

Headache

Abdominal pains

kidney problems

PREPARATION:

For the herbal treatment of skin disorders like abscesses, pimples and boils, pound the leaves and/or the stalks and make a poultice (boil in water for a minute or two then pounded) then applied directly to the afflicted area. Likewise a decoction can be used as a rinse to treat skin disorders.

For headaches, heat a couple of leaves in hot water, bruise the surface and apply on the forehead. The decoction of leaves and stalks is also good for abdominal pains and kidney problems. Like any herbal medicine it is not advisable to take any other medication in combination with any herbs. Consult with a medical practitioner knowledgeable in herbal medicine before any treatment.

The leaves and stalk of pansit-pansitan are edible. It can be harvested, washed and eaten as fresh salad. Taken as a salad, pansit-pansitan helps relive rheumatic pains and gout. An infusion or decoction (boil 1 cup of leaves/stem in 2 cups of water) can also be made and taken orally - 1 cup in the morning and another cup in the evening.

14.) OREGANO

USES:

Good for cough and cold relief

Helps prevent degenerative arthritis

Has Anti-aging properties

Helps relieve rheumatism and osteoarthritis

Bronchitis herbal remedy

Ease asthma attacks

Relieves upset stomach

Treatment of urinary tract problems

Relief for dyspepsia or indigestion

Healing wounds, insect bites & stings

Cure for sore throat

Avoid infections caused by childbirth by taking decoctions of the leaves by the recent mother.

For general good health

PREPARATION:

Boil one cup of fresh leaves in 3 cups of water for 10 to 15 minutes. Drink half a cup 3 times a day for common colds.

For a concentrate, juice the oregano leaves and take 1 tablespoon every hour to relieve chronic coughs, rheumatism, bronchitis, asthma, and dyspepsia.

For Insect bites, wounds and stings, apply the leaves as a poultice directly on the afflicted area.

For sore throat, boil 2 tablespoonfuls of dried oregano leaves in a pint of water, take 2 hours before or after meals.

To prevent degenerative arthritis & for general good health drink oregano decoction daily.

15.) BANABA

USES:

Diabetes

Fights obesity

Helps regulate blood pressure

Good for the kidneys

Aids the digestive system

Helps ease urination

PREPARATION:

Wash the leaves in running water (if fresh). Cut into smaller pieces if desired.

Boil Banaba (one cup Banaba to cup of water) for 30 minutes. Drink like tea.

Note: Fresh leaves, dried leaves, flowers, ripe fruit, root and bark of Banaba can all be used.

CHAPTER VIIAPPENDICES

January 04, 2011Mrs. Elizabeth Maliwat,Barangay Chairman,Barangay Talipapa, Caloocan City

Dear Ma’am,Good day!Our Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Fourth year students would like to

request a copy of the following for our computation of Family Data Base;1. Barangay Profile2. History of the Barangay3. List of Barangay, Municipal, SK officials4. List of NGO’s present in the barangay5. Barangay Vicinity Map6. List of Community Projects for 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010

7. Committee on infrastructure reports and ordinance of Barangay Talipapa, Caloocan city.

We are hoping for your kind consideration.

Respectfully Yours,

ARLENE M. PACHECOCLINICAL INSTRUCTORST.JAMES COLLEGE OF QUEZON CITY

January 13, 2011Mrs. Elizabeth Maliwat,Barangay ChairmanTalipapa, Caloocan CityDear Ma’am,The Bachelor of Science in Nursing Fourth year students of St. James College of Quezon City. Who conducted survey last November 8-10, 2010 would like to present to you the outcome of their activities.The following were the community problems identified in Barangay 164 Talipapa, Caloocan City

4) Fire hazard5) Inadequate environmental sanitation6) Presence of health hazard

Specific Health Problems identified:4) Dengue 5) Cough and colds6) Tuberculosis

With these identified problems, we came up with fire hazard as our top priority. This problem is not an easy problem to answer by this time, because of the inadequate knowledge of the community on how to prevent this problem. We believe as nurses or health providers that we need to educate and raise Barangay 164 Talipapa’s awareness on matters affecting health and life, emergency measures on health hazards, and waste management.

Our focus of action will be on the first 4 community problems and on the first 3 health illness problems. However, the time frame of the community practice is too limited that we cannot facilitate the progress of our program. To this, we will perform everyday blood pressure taking up to December 6, 2010 and education about all of the existing problems as we can. With this action, knowing we cannot assure continuity and stability of the progress, we humbly suggest and recommend to your good office that the program started by the group will be adopted by the Barangay and the next Nursing students of St. James College of Quezon City.We will be glad for the action of your office with this regard.

Thank you and God bless!

Truly yours,

ARLENE M. PACHECOCLINICAL INSTRUCTORST. JAMES COLLEGE OF NURSING

Barangay Talipapa, Caloocan City

Dear Ma’am,

We, the fourth year students of St. James College of Quezon City, College of Nursing are pleased to invite you to attend our Socialization Day on December 14, 2010 at Barangay 164 GSIS Village, 8-5 pm and our Final Evaluation on December 15, 2010 at St. James College of Quezon City, 8-5pm.

Your presence will be greatly appreciated

Thank you very much and God Bless!

Respectfully Yours,

Ms. Lea A. MariBSN-IV, GROUP LEADER

Noted by:

Mrs. Arlene M. Pacheco, RN., MANFaculty, College of Nursing

QUESTIONNAIRESCOMMUNITY HEALTH SURVEY

URBAN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

I. FAMILY DATAA. HEAD OF THE FAMILY _______________________ AGE:____ BP:___B. NAME OF SPOUSE __________________________ AGE:_____ BP:__C. ADDRESS________________________________ TEL NO.:________D. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

HUSBAND__________ WIFE_____________

E. LENGTH OF RESIDENCY_____ F. FAMILY NUCLEAR ( ) EXTENDED ( ) G. RELIGION__________ H. NO. OF CHILDREN_______

NAME AGE SEX STATUS EDUCATION OCCUPATION BLOOD PRESSURE

II. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATAA. SOURCE OF INCOME

OCCUPATION

HUSBAND____________EMPLOYED ( ) UNEMPLOYED ( ) SELF-EMPLOYED ( )

MONTHLY INCOME BELOW 1000 ( ) 2,000-3,000 ( )

3,000-4,000 ( ) 2,000-3,000 ( ) MORE THAN 5,000 ( )

WIFE ___________ EMPLOYED ( ) UNEMPLUED ( ) SELF-EMPLOYED ( )

MONTHLY INCOME BELOW 1000 ( )3,000- 4,000 ( ) 2,000-3,000 ( )3,000-4,000 ( ) MORE THAN 5,000 ( )

B. DAILY EXPENDITURE

1. FOOD BELLOW P20 ( ) P30-50 ( ) MORE THAN 50 ( )

2. CLOTHING: NO. OF TIMES BUYINGONCE A YEAR ( ) TWICE ( ) THRICE ( )

3. HOUSING:WATER ( ) ELECTRICITY ( ) TELEPHONE ( )

4. SCHOOLING:PUBLIC ( ) PRIVATE ( )

5. OTHERS:____________

III. HOUSING AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION:

A. TYPE OF HOUSING CONCREATE ( ) WOOD ( ) MIXED ( ) MAKESHIFT ( ) OTHER SPECIFICATION ( )

VENTILATION POOR ( ) GOOD ( )

LIGHTING ADEQUATE ( ) INADEQUATE ( ) SURROUNDINGS CLEAN ( ) DIRTY ( )

B. SOURCE OF WATER DEEP WELL ( ) NAWASA ( ) OTHERS SPECIFY: _______

C. STORAGE DRINGKING WATER

REFRIGERATED ( ) COVERED ( ) UNCOVERED ( )CONTAINERS USED: PLASTIC ( ) JARS ( ) BOTTLES ( ) OTHERS SPECIFY: _______

D. TOILET FACILITIES:SANITARY: FLUSH ( ) PRIVATE PIT ( ) OWNED ( ) SHARED ( ) OTHERS SPECIFY: ______UNSANITARY: “BALOT” SYSTEM ( ) OTHERS: ______

E. GARBAGE DISPOSAL:COLLECTION ( ) BURNING ( ) BURYING ( )OPEN DUMPING ( ) GARBAGE CANS ( ) OTHERS: _________

F. TYPES OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM:CLOSED ( ) OPEN ( )

G. FOOD STORAGE:COVERED ( ) UNCOVERED ( ) REFRIGERATED ( )

H. PRESENCE OF ANIMALS:DOGS ( ) CATS ( ) PIGS ( )

I. BACKYARD GARDENING:VEGETABLES ( ) HERBAL ( ) FRUIT BEARING ( ) OTHERS: _______

IV. COMMUNITY RESOURCES

HEALTH CENTER ( ) BARANGAY HALL ( ) SCHOOL ( ) CHURCH ( ) PARK ( ) MARKET ( )

A. INDIGENOUS HEALTH WORKERS:TRAINED “HILOT“ ( ) BHW ( ) HERBULARYO ( ) UNTRAINED “HILOT ( )

V. NUTRITION:A. FOOD PREFERENCE:

FISH ( ) VEGETABLE ( ) MEAT ( ) MIXED ( )

B. PRESENCE OF NUTRITIONAL DISORDER:1. GOITER

ENLARGEMENT OF THE NECK ( ) DYSPHAGIA ( ) HOARSENESS ( )

2. ANEMIAPALLOR ( ) FATIGABILITY ( ) BODY WEAKNESS ( )

3. VITAMIN DEFFICIENCY:NIGHT BLINDNESS ( ) “PILAK SA MATA “ ( ) OTHERS ( )

VI. KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE , AND PRACTICE

A. DO YOU UTILIZE THE HEALTH CENTER YES ( ) NO ( )IF NOT, WHY? ____________________

B. REASON: ILLNESS ( ) PRENATAL ( ) FAMILY PLANNING ( )POSTNATAL ( ) DENTAL ( ) NUTRITION ( ) OTHERS: ________

C. FIRST PERSON CONSULTED IN TIMES OF ILLNESS:M.D. ( ) NURSE ( ) MIDWIFE ( ) “HILOT“ ( )HERBULARYO ( ) BHW ( )

D. USUAL ILLNESS IN THE FAMILY: ( LAST 6 MONTHS)____________________________________________________________

WHAT DO YOU USUALLY DO FOR THIS CONDITION?

SELF-MEDICATION ( ) CONSULTATION ( ) OTHERS:_____PRIVATE CLINICS ( ) HOSPITAL ( )

E. OTHER DISEASES:TB ( ) LEPROSY ( ) SKIN DISEASE ( ) HEPATITIS ( )

F. DO YOU PRACTICE FAMILY PLANNING? YES ( ) NO ( )METHOD: ___________IF NO, WHY? ______________

G. METHOD OF INFANT FEEDING:BREAST ( ) BOTTLE ( ) MIXED ( )

H. SUBJECTS YOU WANT LO LEARN IN HEALTH EDUCATION:DRUG ABUSE ( ) NUTRITION ( ) FAMILY PLANNING ( )HERBAL PLANTS ( ) FIRST-AID MEASURE ( ) OTHERS: ____________

I. REASON FOR SCHOOL DROPOUTS:

__________________________________________

VII. AWARENESS OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION

A. ARE YOU AWARE OF ANY EXISTING ORGANIZATION IN THE COMMUNITY?AWARE ( ) UNAWARE ( )

B. EXISTING ORGANIZATION IN THE COMMUNITY1.2.3.

C. ARE YOU A MEMBER OF ANY OF THESE ORGANIZATIONS? MEMBER ( ) NONMEMBER ( )

D. ARE YOU AWARE OF ITS ACTIVITIES AND PROJECTS AWARE ( ) UNAWARE ( )

E. HOW ARE YOU INVOLVED IN ITS ACTIVITIES 1. ATTEND MEETINGS2. PARTICIPATION IN PLANNING3. PARTICIPATES IN IMPLEMENTATION4. DONATIONS5. CONDUCTS EVALUATION6. NOT INVOLVED AT ALL

VIII. ENVIRONMENT:

A. IS THE LIVING SPACE ADEQUATE? ADEQUATE ( ) INADEQATE ( )

B. HAVE YOU HAD ADEQUATE

1.1 REST AND SLEEP ADEQUATE ( ) INADEQUATE ( )

1.2 EXERCISE ADEQUATE ( ) INADEQUATE ( )

1.3 RELAXATION AND ACTIVITIES ADEQUATE ( ) INADEQUATE ( )

1.4 STRESS MANAGEMENT ADEQUATE ( ) INADEQUATE ( )

C. PRESENCE OF ACCIDENT HAZARDS?

D. COMMON HOUSEHOLD PESTS FOUND AT THE HOUSE.

E. ARE THERE BREEDING SITES OF INSECTS/RODENTS PRESENT?

F. PETS/ANIMALS KEPT IN THE YARD OR HOME

G. IMMUNIZATION:

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS:

DIZON, ELIZA V. Community Health Nursing in the Philippines, Quezon City Health Dept., Published by MERVIN SCHOOL and Supplement Corp. 1999

NISCE, ZENAIDA P. Community Health Nursing Services in the Philippines, CHN-NLGJ, 9th edition 1999-2000

UNTALAN, AARON C. Y. RN Concepts, and Guideline in COPAR, 1st edition 2

RESEARCHES:

BSN IV BATCH 2008 COPAR RESEARCH BSN IV BATCH 2009 COPAR RESEARCH

INTERNET:

http://www.bing.com/search?q=environment+on+nightingale&x=125&y=12&mkt=en-ph&qs=n&sk=&first=41&FORM=PORE

http://www.philippineherbalmedicine.org/ http://dolecsr.com/InTheCommunity/CaseStudies/EmployeePrograms/

TBDotsProgram/tabid/453/Default.aspx http://www.tbdots.com/site/en/patient_section.html