COP22 Side-Event Sustainable Together: the Water-Energy-Food...

COP22 Side-Event Sustainable Together:

the Water-Energy-Food Nexus

Solar Water Desalination as a Nexus solution

Marrakech, Morocco, 11th of November, 2016

Jürgen Kern, kernenergien GmbH – the solar power company

Global Water Scarcity

kernenergien-GIZ-REdesalMENA-COP22-Marrakech-2016-11.pptx

(c) kernenergien 11/11/2016

4

Global Potential for Solar Power



Global Potential 3,000,000 TWh/y – Global Demand 18,000 TWh/y

5

http://www.dlr.de/

Solar energy desalination matching


7 (c) kernenergien 11/11/2016

MED: Multi-Effect Distillation RO: Reserve Osmosis MSF: Multi-Stage Flash ED: Electrodialysis MD: Membrane Distillation HD: Humidification- Dehumidification

Desalination

Technology

Form of Energy

Primary Energy Solar

Stills

Thermal

Collector

MED MSF MD HD

Electric

PV cell

ED RO

Source: Mertes, DME www.dlr.de/tt/aqua-csp

Membrane stacks High pressure pumps

Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membrane Desalination

8


Multi Stage Flash Desalination (MSF)



Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia

www.dlr.de/tt/aqua-csp

Umm Al Nar, Saudi Arabia

Fujairah II IWPP - UAE Aquasol - Spain Abutaraba – Libya

Multi Effect Desalination (MED)

10

VEOLIA / SIDEM 2003

3 units of 13,333 m³/d

GECOL, Libya

Sidem JV 2009

12 units of 38,640 m³/d

ADWEA , Abu Dhabi

Solar Desalination 1988

High Efficiency 14 stages

Plataforma Solar Almeria



http://www.kernenergien.de/SIDEM MED Desalination?PHPSESSID_netsh70653=28c7dcf654527db6476e47807009051e

SolarDesalMENA Overview of Solar Seawater Desalination

in the MENA Region

kernenergien GmbH | the solar power company for

GIZ GmbH within the project

„Politkdialog und Wissensmanagement zu Niedrigemissionsstrategien, insbesondere zu erneuerbaren

Energien, in der MENA Region“ [DIAPOL CE]



Comparison of Desalination Technologies



Property Unit MSF MED TVC SWRO

Typical size m³/day < 90,000 < 38,000 < 38,000 scalable

Operation temp. °C < 110 < 70 < 70 ambient

Electrical energy cons. kWhel/m³ 4 - 5 1.6 1.5 3.5 - 5

Thermal energy cons. kWhth/m³ > 80 > 80 60 0

Total el. energy cons. kWhel/m³ 14 - 25 4 – 5 11 - 22 3.5 – 4.5

Product water quality ppm 10 10 10 500 (1-pass)

150 (2-passes)

Barriers of implementation of solar desalination

Economic barriers

lack of financial resources and/or missing know-how how to enter properly new markets.

in-depth market analyses are not available.

Institutional barriers

subsidies in the water and power sector are responsible for an unfair competition between conventional and renewable technologies.

bureaucratic structures are not adapted for independent water producers.

Social / other barriers

negative perception of desalination by the population and water authorities (i.e. preference for conventional technologies, centralized solutions)



Analyzed Configurations



CSP/MED: GOR 12 - parabolic trough - steam to the MED 70 °C. The base load el. gen. from the CSP plant is fed into the local grid.

CSP/RO coast: once-through cooling - For better comparability, the CSP plant is designed in order to generate the same net electricity amount as in the previous case.

CSP/RO inland: the CSP plant is equipped with a dry cooling.

PV+Diesel/RO: The continuous operation of the plant is guaranteed by the fossil backup (diesel motor).

PV/RO Solar Only: the operation of the desalination plant is intermittent.

PV+Battery/RO Solar Only: the RO operation time is extended by a Li-Ion batteries with 3 full load hour capacity. The RO operation is intermittent.

PV/RO grid: similar to case 4 (PV+Diesel).The main difference is that the backup electricity is provided by the grid.

Levelized Water Costs (LWC) Comparison



0,00

0,50

1,00

1,50

2,00

2,50

3,00

Wat

er

Pro

du

ctio

n C

ost

[€

/m³]

Annual Capital cost [€/m³] O&M cost [€/m³] Electricity cost [€/m³] Heat cost [€/m³]

Sensitivity Analysis of LWC



The Water Gap in MENA: Morocco Rising demand and limited resources

Rising water demand

¬ urban supply

¬ industry

¬ agriculture

Limited resources

¬ surface water

¬ groundwater

Unmet Demand

¬ efficiency gains

¬ wastewater reuse

> desalination



MENA Water Outlook, April 2011 by FutureWater

Desalination Potential in MENA region: Morocco: Water supply scenarios



World Bank MENA Regional Water Outlook: Part II: Desalination using Renewable Energy, March 2011

Efficiency Gains

Unsustainable Extractions

Solar Desalination

Conventional Desalination

Wastewater Reuse

Surface Water Extractions

Groundwater Extractions

Total Demand BaU

Energy-Water-Food Nexus considerations

Agriculture (food) needs water, water needs energy:

Water Resources and Availability in Morocco:

¬ Surface Water: available in the North, but limited

¬ Groundwater: available, but limited

¬ Desalination: last resort, in southern provinces

Economics:

¬ Pumping: ~0.1 €/m³ (Butane, Diesel, PV)

¬ Conv. Desalination: 0.5 – 1.0 €/m³ (fossil prices may rise!)

¬ Solar Desalination: 1.0 – 1.7 €/m³

Agricultural and Environmental Aspects:

¬ Water quality (salinity) : RO!



remote / standalone grid-connected

no impact on existing and future electricity system

additional base-load capacity needed

with a high share of RE more storage options are needed



Desalination and the Energy System

Desalination plants are operated more or less continuous:

•Pre-Treatment: Filtering, Antiscaling, Antifoaming, Antifoaling

•Post-Treatment: Extract above, Heavy Metals, Concentrate

•Reduce operation cycles to enhance durability (esp. RO)

Need continuous energy for the water process (pumps, …)

EU FP7 MED-CSD Project



Combined solar power and desalination plants:

Technico-economic potential in Mediterranean partner countries (MED-CSD)

• Funded under 7th FWP (Seventh Framework Programme)

• Research area: ENERGY-2007-2.5-02 Using CSP for water desalination

• Duration: June 2008 – May 2010

• Project partner:

25

http://www.dlr.de/

http://www.mekorot.co.il/Eng

Direct Normal Insolation in EU-MENA and GCC



Annual Sum of DNI for the year 2002

MED-CSD Sites

The MENA Water Outlook Project

Project supported by the World Bank

In collaboration with Governments in the MENA Countries

Objectives:

review of desalination potential in combination with CSP

development of a water supply scenario for MENA


(c) kernenergien 11/11/2016 27

Publications


The World Bank www.dlr.de/tt/menawater


kernenergien GmbH the solar power company

Deutsche Gesellschaft für International Zusammenarbeit

(GIZ) GmbH

Contact

Jürgen Kern Managing Director

Leinfeldener Straße 56 A · 70597 Stuttgart · Germany

[email protected] www.kernenergien.de

T +49-711-253582-0

Katharina Hay Project DIAPOL CE*

Dag-Hammarskjöld-Weg 1–5 65760 Eschborn · Germany

[email protected] www.giz.de

* within the project „Politkdialog und Wissensmanagement zu Niedrigemissions-strategien, insbesondere zu erneuerbaren Energien, in der MENA Region“



COP22 Side-Event Sustainable Together: the Water-Energy-Food...

Documents

Transcript of COP22 Side-Event Sustainable Together: the Water-Energy-Food...