Coordination & SubordinationImportant to Sentence Structuring

Definition

Reflect relationships between ideas being expressed.

Coordination shows the EQUALITY of ideas.

Subordination shows the value of one idea over the other.

Example

The sky turned dark gray. The wind died down.

COORDINATION:

The sky turned dark gray, and the wind died down.

SUBORDINATION 1 & 2:

As the sky turned dark gray, the wind died down. (Focus: the wind.)

As the wind died down, the sky turned dark gray. (Focus: the sky.)

What is sentence coordination?

Two or more INDEPENDENT CLAUSES are equivalent or balanced.

Example:

The sky turned brighter, and people emerged happily from buildings.

The sky turned brighter; people emerged happily from buildings.

Coordinate sentence = Compound sentence

Independent Clause/Meaning Conveyed:

, and

, but

, yet

, for

, or

, nor

, so

;

addition

mean contrast

reason or choice

a choice

negative choiceresult or effect

FANBOYS

Choosing a Coordination

The IDEAS must be related or equivalent!

Exercises 9-3/page 222

What is sentence subordination?

Important idea

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

Less Important Idea - Subordinate

DEPENDENT CLAUSE

Page 223 / 9J

The Structure of a Subordinate Sentence

Start with a Dependent Clause with a subordinating conjunction

OR

Relative Pronoun (who, which, that)

Example:

If they are very lucky, the passengers may glimpse dolphins breaking water playfully near the ship.

Pandas are solitary animals, which means they are difficult to protect from extinction.

QUICK REFERENCE – 9.f

Types of Dependent Clauses

Adverb Clause, independent clause.

After the sky grew dark, the wind died suddenly.

Independent Clause, Adverb Clause

Birds stopped singing, as they do during an eclipse.

Adverb/Adjective Clauses - Quick Reference 9.1/page 224

Exercise 9-4/page 225

What is a Sentence?Sentence Fragments

Sentence Fragments

Looks like a sentence, but is only part of a sentence.

A sentence needs an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE!

Examples: Page 378

Quick Reference 19.1

A sentence requires a

Subject/Predicate (Verb)/Independent Clause

Quick Reference 14.9

Fragments w/Subordinating

ConjunctionsSubordinating Conjunctions – Quick Reference 14.7.

Frequently used:

After

Although

Because

Before

If

Unless

When

EXERCISE 19-4/page 388.