Coordination and Response

A. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE 1. Organism experiences changes in its INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT all the time. 2. Living organisms have the ability to detect the changes and respond to them accordingly through SENSIBILITY 3. These changes which cause responses in the body are called STIMULI. Two types of stimuli : INTERNAL STIMULI EXTERNAL STIMULI Eg : -changes in blood osmotic pressure, blood glucose level, carbon dioxide and oxygen levels Eg : changes in light intensity, sound, temperature, pressure, touch 4. Mammals detect stimuli through highly specialised sensory cells called RECEPTORS 5. EFFECTORS in the body carry out responses to stimuli 6. Both EFFECTOR AND RECEPTOR work together to bring about a suitable RESPONSE to the stimuli. 7. COORDINATION ensures the activities of an organism function efficiently. 8. The roles of coordination and response are carried out by two different coordinating system ; nervous system and endocrine system. 9. 3 major components involved in nervous system ; sensory receptors, integrating centre and effectors 10. When a sensory receptor is stimulated ,nerve impulses are generated. 11. Afferent pathway : allow transmission of nerve impulse from sensory receptors through afferent neurons to the integrating centre. 12. Integrating centre ; receive information from the various receptors. Integration takes place and response initiated. 13. Efferent pathway; transmits nerve impulses from the integrating centre through efferent neurones to the effectors.

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Transcript of Coordination and Response

A. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE 1. Organism experiences changes in its INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT all the

time.2. Living organisms have the ability to detect the changes and respond to them accordingly

through SENSIBILITY3. These changes which cause responses in the body are called STIMULI. Two types of

stimuli :

INTERNAL STIMULI EXTERNAL STIMULIEg : -changes in blood osmotic pressure, blood glucose level, carbon dioxide and oxygen levels

Eg : changes in light intensity, sound, temperature, pressure, touch

4. Mammals detect stimuli through highly specialised sensory cells called RECEPTORS5. EFFECTORS in the body carry out responses to stimuli6. Both EFFECTOR AND RECEPTOR work together to bring about a suitable RESPONSE to

the stimuli.7. COORDINATION ensures the activities of an organism function efficiently.8. The roles of coordination and response are carried out by two different coordinating

system ; nervous system and endocrine system.9. 3 major components involved in nervous system ; sensory receptors, integrating centre

and effectors10. When a sensory receptor is stimulated ,nerve impulses are generated.11. Afferent pathway : allow transmission of nerve impulse from sensory receptors through

afferent neurons to the integrating centre.12. Integrating centre ; receive information from the various receptors. Integration takes

place and response initiated.13. Efferent pathway; transmits nerve impulses from the integrating centre through

efferent neurones to the effectors.

Table 3.1 p400

B. ROLE OF THE HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM Organisation of the nervous system

1. Func. nervous sytem ; receives info, processes and sends info/ order to other body system in order to produce a correct reaction.

Fig 3.3,3.4,3.5 pg 402

The BRAIN and its main functions

Fig 3.6 pg 403

The SPINAL CORD and its main functions

PG 404 FIG 3.7 N 3.8

The NEURONES1. NEURONES : Millions of Nerve cells that made up nervous system2. Func ; transmit nerve impulses to other nerve cells, glands or muscles3. Consists of 3 types :

- Afferent neurone- Efferent neurone- Interneurone

Fig 12.7 n table 12.2 Pg 344

Fig 3.9 pg 405