Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

61
Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

description

Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy. It is in our hands. Mission. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Page 1: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Converting Waste to EnergyAn Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Page 2: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

It is in our hands

Page 3: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Mission Waste2Energy, Inc. (W2E) is a holding company that

controls EnerWaste International Corporation (EWI), an environmental engineering and technology company specializing in innovative thermal processes for the disposal and conversion of municipal and industrial wastes and biomass. EWI is the operating entity of W2E.

W2E’s mission is to become a leading global supplier of waste-to-energy systems. W2E is targeting high sales growth for plants that reduce landfill disposal and Greenhouse Gases (GHGs).

Page 4: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Company Highlights• W2E was formed as a holding company in 2007.

• W2E headquartered in New York.

• Commercial office in London.

• W2E purchased controlling share of EWI in 2007.

• EWI has been operating since 1991.

• EWI is the operating entity for W2E.

• Technology Center in Keflavik, Iceland.

• Manufacturing in Keflavik & Bellingham, WA.

• Sales representation in over 30 countries.

• 35 employees.

Page 5: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Corporate Structure

Waste2Energy, Inc (W2E) Holding Company

EnerWaste International95% W2E5% Former EWI CEOPrimary Operating Entity - Revenue Generating

Waste2Energy Ltd100% W2EUK Office - Cost Center

EnerWaste Europe Ltd50% W2E50% Iceland EnvironmentalRevenue GeneratingLOI in place for W2E to purchase IE’s 50%

Page 6: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Rapidly Growing Market• Landfills & incinerators are

poor solutions for waste treatment.

• New landfills are difficult to permit and site in US & already capped in EU.

• New incinerators very difficult to permit & site.

• Total worldwide waste treated by old thermal technology is 180 MTPY.

• W2E thermal gasification can reduce waste volume over 90% & ash may be sold.

• Decentralized processing reduces costs & GHGs.

• Renewable energy needed to replace fossil fuel and cut GHGs.

• US is largest biomass energy market in world with 350 plants but producing only 1% of total power.

• EU expects at least 100 new thermal conversion plants by 2012 due to landfill cap.

• Human waste is good fuel for energy conversion & likely to double in 20 years.

omearacons
Is world population really going to double over next 20 years?
Page 7: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

EWI Business LinesEWI designs & builds waste gasification plants using:

• Batch Oxidation System (BOSTM) thermal gasifiers:

– Large, modular / train plants.

– Small, specialized-use plants.

• Continuous-Feed Mass Conversion System (MCSTM) technology for biomass and larger MSW.

• W2E has access to complementary technologies for waste densification and carbon-based clinical waste destruction.

Page 8: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

BOSTM Gasification Concept

Untreated and variable mixed waste is gasified in batches in Primary Gasification Chambers (PGCs) under starved-air conditions to generate hot syngas. The syngas is then conveyed to a Secondary Combustion Chamber (SCC) where excess air is added to oxidize the gas in a controlled environment. Heat from the SCC is recovered in a boiler to produce steam that drives a turbine to generate electricity.

Page 9: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

BOSTM Schematic

Page 10: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

BOSTM Primary Chamber• Top & side loading for

easy BATCH operation.• Slow gasification reduces

fly ash and heavy metals.• Non-toxic residue.• Accepts:

– Unsorted MSW.– Animal carcasses.– Whole tires.– Biomass.– Mixed loads.22 MTPD BOS, Husavik, Iceland

Page 11: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

BOSTM Primary Gasification

• Starved-air highly exothermic reaction.

• Reduces volume of waste up to 97%.

• Internalized process avoids pollution.

• Outputs syngas and clean, carbon-free ash.

Page 12: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Bottom ash, metals, and glass after cool down at remote site with no recycling. Bottom ash is non-toxic, virtually free of carbon, and passes EPA’s TCLP test.

BOSTM Bottom Ash

Page 13: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

BOSTM Secondary Oxidation

• Clean-burning, high-temperature oxidation.

• Generate steam and / or electricity.

• High temperature (1200C) destroys dioxins.

• Cleanest emissions.

22 MTPD BOS, Husavik, Iceland

Page 14: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

22 metric ton / day BOSTM WTE plant at Husavik, Iceland, 2006, with building sized for addition of more

BOS modules.

Page 15: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

BOSTM Environmental Performance – Tests on Bio-medical Waste

1993 EWI BOS Performance Test 1993 EU Regulations Pollutant mg/Ncum @

11% O2 $ 0 deg C

Grains/DSCF @ 7% O2 & 68 deg F

mg/Ncum @ 11% O2 $ 0

deg C

Grains/DSCF @ 7% O2 & 68 deg F

SO2 7.7156 0.0044 10 0.005703

HCl 14.0284 0.0080 10 0.005703

CO 0.1754 0.0001 1 0.000570

NOx 7.7156 (NO2) 0.0044 (NO2) 50 0.028514

Particulate / Dust 2.1043 0.0012 200 0.114055

Hg negligible negligible 0.05 0.000029

Cd + Ti negligible

negligible

0.05 0.000029

Total Sb, As, Pb, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni and V

negligible negligible 0.5 0.000285

Dioxins / Furans TEQ

negligible negligible 0.1 0.130820

Page 16: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

BOSTM Environmental Performance – 2007 Tests on MSW at Husavik, Iceland

Environmental Monitoring at the Waste Station at Husavik, Iceland

in mg/Nm3 NOx CO SO2 TOC HCl EU Emission Limits

Max ½ Hour Limit 400 100 200 20 60 Max Daily Limit 200 50 50 10 10

Husavik Continuous Monitoring Logs April, 20, 2007 58.73 30.85 16.60 1.06 0.03 April 21, 2007 199.17 32.88 18.70 1.38 6.53 April 23, 2007 174.81 34.07 19.42 1.06 1.20 April 24, 2007 182.59 40.45 25.36 0.62 0.49

Page 17: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

• Capacity can be added or taken off line as needed.

• Plants can be built for current needs rather than for projected waste streams 20 to 30 years in future.

• Decentralized processing can eliminate long-distance hauling of waste to central facilities.

• Individual communities, military bases, and industrial sites can take responsibility for their own waste rather than shipping it to someone else.

Fully Modular BOSTM

Page 18: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

BOSTM Plant Layout

2 modular process trains totaling 8 PGCs & 2 SCCs plus Energy Recovery on 1 acre site.

Page 19: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

240 MTPD BOS MSW plant layout with 5 modular process trains totaling 20 PGCs & 5 SCCsplus energy recovery on 2 acre site.

BOSTM Plant Layout

Page 20: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

BOSTM Case StudiesLarge-Scale BOS with Energy Recovery:

• 120 mtpd MSW/industrial waste

• 2 process trains each with 4 primary chambers and 1 secondary chamber.

• 1 heat recovery boiler and 1 steam turbine – 5 MWe.

• Inert ash 3-7% by volume.

• 93% operating factor.

• $20-25 MM capital cost.

• Annual O&M $1.4 MM.

• 18 month schedule.

• 2 acre foot print.

• 72 foot stack height.

• Boom loaders.

Small-Scale BOS without Energy Recovery:

• 4 mtpd MSW.

• 1 primary and 1 secondary chamber.

• Steam energy recovery only.

• Inert ash 5-10% by volume.

• 98% operating factor.

• $0.3-0.5 MM capital cost.

• Annual O&M $50-75 K.

• Less than 6 month schedule.

• 500 sq ft foot print.

• 25 foot stack height.

• Conveyor or hand loading.

Page 21: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

BOSTM Capacity Range

• 60 MTPD Process Train will be basis for larger plants

• Small size unit typically one Primary Gasifier and one Secondary Combustion unit– Smaller portable units also available

• Mid-size unit based on Husavik

at 22 MTPD is two Primary Gasifiers and one Secondary Combustion unit– $3-4 M without energy recovery

Page 22: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Reasonably consistent biomass material is fed continuously into a vertical, starved-air gasification chamber with an innovative V-shaped hearth. Syngas produced in the lower zone of the chamber is fully oxidized in the upper zone of the chamber. Heat recovery and power generation are similar to the BOS, but the MCS has cost advantages for larger capacities.

MCSTM Gasification Concept

Page 23: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

MCSTM Schematic

Page 24: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

MCSTM Facility

2 x 200 TPD Hog Fuel Biomass MCS,Louisiana Pacific, Manitoba.

Page 25: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

MCSTM Primary Gasification • Automatic, continuous feed

using augers or rams.• Totally continuous

operation.• Low-temperature

gasification in V-hearth produces syngas.

• Syngas released up to oxidation in same tower.

• Easy ash removal by ram during operation.

Innovative V-shaped hearth with abrasion-resistant refractory and no moving grate at bottom of chamber.

Page 26: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

MCSTM Secondary Oxidation

• Takes place in upper section of tower.

• Time/Temperature/ Turbulence (GCP).

• Can generate steam and / or electricity.

• Meets US & EU emission standards after scrubbing.

Page 27: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

MCSTM Loading & Ash Removal

Page 28: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Waste to Energy

• Most waste has high energy content that can be recovered as heat.

• W2E is forming strategic partnerships for specialized heat recovery as process heat, steam and utilities incouding generating electricity.

• Economic energy recovery now possible at much lower waste gasification rates

– Historically needed 50 MTPD

Page 29: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Indicative Energy Yield from Waste

Type of WasteWaste

Characteristics

Metric Tons of Steam per

Metric Ton of Waste

kWhrs of Electricity per Metric

Ton of Waste

MunicipalHousehold waste 2.4 430

Municipal / Industrial

50% Industrial

50% Household 3.6 650

Industrial

High CV Packaging waste 4.7 850

Page 30: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Intellectual Property

• Patent pending in Iceland and with Patent Cooperation Treaty between EU and NAFTA

• Broad system coverage including batch operation and process control to optimize environmental performance and energy recovery

Page 31: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Competition• Landfill capacity capped in EU and declining in other developed

countries.• Developing countries now adopting sustainability standards.• Incineration is environmentally inferior to and more costly than

BOSTM and MCSTM.• Other gasification technologies require pre-treatment of waste

and are more costly than BOSTM and MCSTM .• Only a few credible competitors including Wheelabrator, Van

Roll, Martin & Keppel, and Shegers.• Only Energos and Eco-Canada target modular process trains,

and their experience is limited.

Page 32: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

BOSTM and MCSTM Competitive Advantages • No pre-treatment of wastes.• Tolerate variable waste.• Modular design & low cost allows

decentralization.• Complete destruction of wastes. • Production of heat and syngas for

energy recovery.• Inert ash suitable for road or

building materials.• Emissions meet US & EU EPA

standards.• Process versus material handling

approach to waste disposal – more control.

• Recover more recyclables such as metals and glass.

• Easy interface with conventional waste heat recovery and steam turbine power generation.

• Lower capital cost.• Lower operating cost:

– Automatic operation minimizes labor cost.

– Few moving parts minimizes M&R.

– Proprietary air control technology minimizes auxiliary fuel usage.

Page 33: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Why the BOSTM? • Other waste conversion technologies require costly sorting and

processing to produce consistent fuel.

• Other waste conversion technologies require large-scale, centralized processing plants.

• Large-scale, centralized plants must be built to projected peak loads 20 to 30 years out and are nearly always under-designed.

• Traditional thermal technologies generate large quantities of toxic ash and poor air emissions.

• BOSTM converts municipal, industrial, commercial, medical, tire, hazardous, biomass, human, and animal wastes as mixed waste with no sorting or processing.

• BOSTM has lower capital and operating costs.

Page 34: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

22 MTPD mixed waste and tires, Husavik, Iceland (startup 2006; permitted and designed for expansion)

– Energy recovery for local heating.

120 MTPD mixed waste, Dumfries, Scotland(startup October 2008; permitted and designed for expansion to 180 mtpd in 2010) – Energy recovery for green power generation .

BOSTM WTE Examples

Page 35: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Why the MCSTM?• High-volume, continuous-feed, single-stage thermal

conversion of consistent wastes such as biomass.

• Innovative V-shaped hearth eliminates moving grate.

• Similar design and manufacturing philosophy to BOS but a continuous-feed, single-stage process for application to consistent wastes.

• Lower capital and operating costs and higher efficiency than other thermal conversion technologies.

Page 36: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

400 MTPD tobacco waste, Gudang, Indonesia (startup 2005).

200 MTPD wood hog fuel, Thora, Australia (startup March 2008).

MCSTM Examples

Page 37: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

With BOSTM and MCSTM, industrial users Can:

• Reduce landfill by over 90% or may eliminate landfill entirely by selling inert ash as aggregate for concrete or road surfacing.

• Generate process heat & steam for plant or for sale.

• Generate electricity for plant or for sale.

• Generate Carbon Credits and Renewable Energy Credits to meet GHG reduction goals or for sale.

Page 38: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

With BOSTM and MCSTM , commercial users can:

• Receive tipping fees for waste.

• Receive alternative wastes.

• Receive revenues from electricity – likely higher than norm due to “green” classification.

• Reduce landfill and other disposal costs.

Page 39: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Proven TechnologyEWI has delivered over 40 BOSTM and MCSTM

plants since 1992 for:

• State & local public sector.

• US Department of Defense.

• Private-sector companies in:

- Mining

- Hydrocarbons

- Forest products

- Healthcare

- Industrial

- Consumer products

Page 40: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Current Customers• Scotgen Ltd, Scotland - MSW BOSTM.

• Husavik, Iceland - MSW BOSTM.

• Cayman Islands - MSW BOSTM.

• West Caicos Island - MSW BOSTM.

• ConocoPhillips, Alaska - Industrial Waste BOSTM.

• US Depart. of Defense, Missile Testing Range, Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands - MSW BOSTM.

• Crow Business Services, Thora, Western Australia - Biomass MCSTM .

• Slave Lake, Alberta - Biomass MCSTM .

Page 41: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Past CustomersPrivate Sector:

• ExxonMobil Indonesia• MagLite Croatia• BP Alaska• Placer Dome• Louisiana Pacific • Spruce Products• Atco Fruitvale BC• Navapache Hospital• Vermillion Hospital Indiana• AMEC Pogo Gold• Procter and Gamble Indonesia• Liaohe Oil China• Western Geophysical AK (3)• Williams Precious Metals • Barrick Gold Alaska

Public Sector:

• Grand Cayman• Egegik, AK• Lincoln County, WY• Thora, Australia (2)• North Enderby, BC• Footner, Alberta• Gudang, Indonesia• Meadow Lake, SK• Fort Greely, AK• Nantau, Taiwan• Taiho, Taiwan• Eurest, AK• Bergan Management Philippines

Page 42: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Selected Plant Specifications• Dumfries, Scotland - 120 TPD BOS

+ 5 MWe, startup 2008.• Kwajalein Atoll, Marshal Islands, US

Army Base - 38TPD BOS MSW, startup 2008.

• Barrick Gold Mine, Donlin Creek, Alaska - 0.5 TPD BOS Camp Waste, 2007.

• Husavik, Iceland - 22 TPD BOS Industrial & MSW, 2006.

• Ft. Greely, US Army Base, Alaska - 4 TPD BOS, MSW, 2004.

• Amec-Pogo Gold Mine, Alaska - 1.3 TPD BOS Industrial Waste, 2004.

• Ainsworth Lumber, BC – 600 TPD MCU Wood Waste, 2002.

• Lincoln County, Wyoming - 20 TPD BOS MSW, 2000.

• Grand Caymans, British West Indies - 2 projects: 2.5 & 1 TPD BOS, Infectious Hospital Waste, 1999.

• ARCO Oil Company, North Slope, Alaska - 7 TPD BOS Industrial Waste, 1999.

• City of Egegik, Alaska - 3.5 TPD BOS MSW, 1998 (2007 doubled capacity).

• MagLite Corporation, Croatia - 3 TPD BOS Industrial/MSW, 1997.

• Mobil Oil Indonesia - 3 TPD BOS Industrial Waste, 1997.

• Bergan Management, Philippines - 1.5 TPD BOS Industrial Waste, 1996.

• Louisiana Pacific, Manitoba, 400 TPD MCU Wood Hog Fuel, 2001.

Page 43: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

EWI expects to install 40 new plants by

2012 processing 2 million tons per year

or 2% of total world-wide market with

extended goal of capturing 15% of

global market.

Projected Market Share

Page 44: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Operating Approach

• Deliver modular BOSTM to handle multiple wastes in volumes from 1 ton per day to 60 tons per process line per day.

• Much larger plants will use multiple modules and process trains with common energy recovery trains and infrastructure.

• Similar plan for MCSTM.

• Continued development of technical and business approach.

Page 45: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Execution of approach by retaining:

• Research and development.• Technical sales.• Process engineering• Project management.

While forming strategic partnerships to provide: • Detailed engineering and selected technical services (e.g., Merrick,

WorleyParsons, Baker, EGI, CCTI).• Turnkey manufacturing (captive/specialized – Iceland and WA).• Turnkey heat recovery and power generation plants (e.g., Turbine

Power, Mechanology, Babcock Power, TriGen). • Financing for build-own-operate or transfer facilities.• Other non-core services (e.g., HR, F&A).• Competitive global fabrication.

Operating Approach Strategies

Page 46: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

• Center of Excellence for Design and Implementationin Iceland for:

– Project management.

– Research and development.

– Strategic partner management.

– Process and basic engineering.

– Technical sales.

• Retain key fabrication capabilities in Iceland and Washington and move to global outsourcing.

• Business & commercial management from NY & London with project finance partners in both locations.

Operating Structure

Page 47: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Sales Approach

• Direct Sales – US and selected countries.

• Representatives and distributors (see list).

• Products:

– Engineered equipment sales.

– Turnkey plants.

– Licensing.

– Build-finance-own or transfer-operate.

– O&M and upgrades.

Page 48: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Distributors

• Energo – Italy.• Planet Advantage – UK and

Ireland.• TBA – Caribbean

Page 49: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Key Representatives

• Tim O’Meara – Hawaii and Pacific Islands.

• Michael Kogan – Russia.

• Harry Friedrich – Poland.

• Helen Sazblya & Odun Kiraly – Hungary.

• Wilbur Wee – Malaysia.

Each of the above has case-by-case opportunities in other territories.

Page 50: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Other Representatives in:

• Iceland and selected Scandinavia.

• Other Caribbean.• Colombia.• Ecuador.• Chile.• Brazil.• Alberta.• Nigeria• Viet Nam

• Uruguay.• Newfoundland.• Other Eastern Europe.• South Africa.• India.• Pakistan.• China.• Middle East.• Australia.

Page 51: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Company ContactsCorporate Offices:

330 Madison Ave 6th Floor New York USA 10017Tel: +1 212 918 1488Doug Pitts, President W2E and EWI - Tel: 928-380-5310

Sales and Marketing:

42-44 Bishopsgate London UK EC2N 4AHRobert Stoodley, VP Business Development - Tel: +44 207 374 6344

Engineering and Manufacturing:

1. Fitjabraut 4, 260 Njardvik, Iceland2. 5225 Stromer Road, Bellingham, WA 98226Finni Einarsson, VP Design and ManufacturingStephen Cochrane, VP Technology Licensing both at Tel: +354 421 6881

Page 52: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Private Securities Litigation Reform Act Safe Harbor Statement

The matters discussed in this release contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical information provided herein may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those that we may anticipate in each of our segments reflected by our subsidiaries’ operations include without limitations, continued acceptance of the company’s products and services, increased levels of competition, new products and technology changes, the dependence upon financing, third party suppliers and intellectual property rights, the rules of regulatory authorities and risks associated with any potential acquisitions. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s analysis, judgment, belief or expectation only as of the date hereof.

Page 53: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Investment Strengths• Fast-growing & recession-

proof market.• Plants are small and relatively

simple.• Low capital investment.• Landfills are closing.• Gasification is

environmentally superior to incineration.

• Licensing, equipment sale, and build-own-operate models provide flexibility and upside.

• Manufacturing capability creates leverage.

• Outsourcing non-core services with strategic partners.

• Rep/distributor structure allows broader coverage.

• High barriers to entry – few competitors, and customers require proven track record.

• Intellectual property in proprietary systems and know how.

Page 54: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Additional Pictures

Page 55: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

BOSTM Batch Loading

Page 56: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

BOSTM Ash Removal

Page 57: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Skid-Mounted BOS for Gold Mine Camp Waste

Page 58: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

British Petroleum - Alaska

Page 59: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

Exxon Valdez Barge MCSTM

Page 60: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

38 ton / day BOS at US Army ‘Star Wars’ missile testing range, Kwajalein Atoll.

Page 61: Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

120 metric ton / day BOS WTE CHP facility under construction by ScotGen and Ascot Environmental

at Dumfries, Scotland, June 2007. Expansion planned & permitted to 180 ton / day.