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UNITS & FORMS OF MEASURE

Question: Why is it important to measure ingredients accurately?

Keep costs in line

Ensure consistency of quality and quantity (ingredients and portion sizes)

A. PROPER MEASURING TECHNIQUES

1. VOLUME MEASURE

VOLUME is the space filled by a liquid, gas or solid.

LIQUIDS graduated liquid measuring cups or pitchers

measuring cup/pitcher must be sitting on a level, stable

surface and the mark on the measuring device is at eye level

SOLIDS all ingredients must be in the form called for in the recipe

before measuring (for example: diced, minced, etc.)

used nested measuring tools; overfill the measuring tool and scrape

off the excess; do not tamp or pack down ingredients unless the recipe

tells you to do so

SCOOPS also known as dishers, usually used for measuring portion

sizes for cookie doughs, cooked rice, ice cream, stuffings, etc.

2. WEIGHT MEASURE

Weight is the measure of the heaviness of a substance.

: The tool used is a scale on a level surface, kept clean and

free of debris

B. MEASURING EQUIPMENT

1. Nested Measuring Cups 2. Graduated Measuring

Cups

3. MEASURING SPOONS 4. LADLES

5. PORTION SCOOPS 6. SCALES

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C. COMMON TYPES OF MEASURE

COMMONTERM

ABBREVIATION

teaspoon t, tsptablespoon T, tbspcup C, cpint ptquart qtgallon G, galfluid ounce fl ozounce ozpound lb, #

each eabunch bu

to taste tt

Converting Grams and Ounces

1 ounce equals 28.35 grams1 fluid ounce equals 28.35 milliliters1 kilogram is about 2.2 pounds1 gram is about 1/30 ounce1 pound is about 450 gramsA liter is slightly more than a quartA centimeter is slightly less than inch

0C (32F) is the freezing point of water100C (212F) is the boiling point of water

Common EquivalentsDash = 1/8 teaspoon3 teaspoons = 1 tablespoon2 tablespoons = 1 fl. Oz4 tablespoons = cup (2 fl. Oz)5 1/3 tablespoons = 1/3 cup (2 2/3 fl.oz)16 tablespoons = 1 cup ( 8 fl.oz)2 cups = 1 pint (16 fl.oz)2 pints = 1 quart (32 fl.oz)

4 quarts = 1 gallon (128 fl.oz)2 gallons = 1 peck4 pecks = 1 bushel1 gram = 0.035 ounces (1/30 oz)1 ounce = 28.35 grams (often rounded to 30 for convenience)454 grams = 1 pound2.2 pounds = I kilogram (1000 grams)1 teaspoon = 5 milliliters1 tablespoon = 15 milliliters1 fluid ounce = 28.35 milliliters (often rounded to 30 for convenience)

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1 cup = 0.24 liters1 gallon = 3.80 liters

E. METRIC MEASURE The metric system is the global language of measurement that has

been adopted by almost all countries, except for the United States. Advantages;

Is an internationally recognized unit of measure Based on the number 10, which makes it easier to calculate Recording very small measures is easier and therefore, more

accurate

METRIC BASEUNIT

ABBREVIATIONS

OTHER COMMONMETRIC

ABBREVIATIONS

liter, L

gram, g

milliliter, ml

kilogram, kg

METRIC PREFIXESkilo = 1,000 base unitsdeka = 10 base unitsdeci = 0.1 base unitcenti = 0.01 base unitmilli = 0.001 base unit

METRIC CONVERSION IN THE FOODSERVICE INDUSTRYWEIGHT (MASS) VOLUME (LIQUID)

1 gram = 1,000milligrams

1,000 grams = 1kilogram

1,000 milliliters = 1liter

WEIGHTCONVERSION

BETWEEN U.S. ANDMETRIC

VOLUMECONVERSION

BETWEEN U.S. ANDMETRIC

1 ounce = 28.35grams

1 kilogram = 2.21pounds

1 liter = 33.8 fluidounces

*Use only grams, milligrams, kilograms, etc. to measure solids (weight) and useonly liters, milliliters, etc to measure liquids (volume).

APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENT TO WEIGHT CHART

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QUESTION: IF A CUP OF WATER = 8 FL. OZ. IS IT SAFE TO ASSUME THAT A CUP OFHONEY = 8 FL. OZ TOO?

ANSWER: NO. HONEY IS HEAVIER THAN WATER. IF A MEASURING CUP ISFILLED WITH HONEY AND IS PUT ON A SCALE, IT WILL NOT WEIGH 8OZ. IT WILL WEIGH 12 OZ.

*DO NOT ASSUME THAT ALL LIQUIDS = 8 FL. OZ. WHEN PLACED IN AMEASURING CUP. OR, THAT AN OUNCE IS ALWAYS = 28.35 GRAMS.

Get the actual weight of the ingredient, or Use the Approximate Volume to Weight Chart