Conversions, Dimensional Analysis & Density Chemistry... · Dimensional Analysis Dimensional...
Transcript of Conversions, Dimensional Analysis & Density Chemistry... · Dimensional Analysis Dimensional...
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Conversions, Dimensional
Analysis & Density
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Accuracy vs. Precision
____________ – How close you are to the
correct answer
____________– How close your answers are
together
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For Example…
Let’s say we had the following dart board
Is the accuracy good or bad? ____________
Is the precision good or bad? ____________
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Try this one
Let’s say we had the following dart board
Is the accuracy good or bad? ____________
Is the precision good or bad? ____________
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Is the accuracy good or bad? ____________
Is the precision good or bad? ____________
Try this one
Let’s say we had the following dart board
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Dimensional Analysis
_______________ is just a big word for
going from one unit to another.
Have you ever converted inches into feet
or years into days?
If so, then you have done dimensional
analysis
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Dimensional Analysis
Dimensional Analysis – method of problem-
solving that focuses on ________________
________________ – a ratio of equal values
used to go from one unit to another
◦ Example: 1 foot = 12 inches
◦ Can be written as 1 foot
12 inches
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Rules for Dimensional Analysis
1. ALWAYS start with the given!!!
2. Draw a multiplication sign and a line
3. Place the unit to be canceled on the bottom
4. Place a conversion factor on the line you have
drawn
5. Cross out units and see what you have left.
6. You must have one on top & one on the bottom
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Let’s try an example…
Let’ s convert 32.5 inches to feet.
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Try this example…
How many seconds are in 82.95 minutes?
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What if you need to Change 2 Units?
Convert 65 miles per hour to kilometers per
second
(0.625 miles = 1 Km)
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Conversions with Prefixes
Conversions with prefixes are done in exactly
the same manner
You just have to know the prefixes
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Prefixes
Prefix
Giga
Mega
Kilo
Deci
Centi
Milli
Micro
Nano
Pico
Femto
Symbol
G
M
K
d
c
m
µ
n
P
f
Value
1 x 10 9
1 x 10 6
1 x 10 3
1 x 10 - 1
1 x 10 - 2
1 x 10 - 3
1 x 10 - 6
1 x 10 - 9
1 x 10 - 12
1 x 10 - 15
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Rules with Prefixes
The rules are the same…
Start with the given
Place the cross out unit on the bottom
Place conversion unit on top
Keep crossing out until you get what you
want
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A few differences
Always remember that _________ will
go with your Prefix
The number with in ____________ will
go with your base unit
You can only go from a __________ to a
__________ unit
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Let’s try one
Convert 100 nm into m
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Try this one…
Convert 785 mm to km
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Temperature Conversions
The three units for measuring
temperature are…
◦ Celsius
◦ Fahrenheit
◦ Kelvin
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To Convert Among Temperatures Use
These Formulas
ºF = 1.8 ºC + 32
ºC = 0.56 (ºF – 32)
K = ºC + 273
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Try these examples
Convert 35 °C to Kelvin
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Example
Convert 55 ºC to ºF
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Example
Convert 95.8 ºF to ºC
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Example
Convert 75.0 °F to Kelvin
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Density
Density - mass per unit volume (g/cm3)
D = M
V D
M
V
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Density
An object has a volume of 825 cm3 and a
density of 13.6 g/cm3. Find its mass.
GIVEN:
V = 825 cm3
D = 13.6 g/cm3
M = ?
WORK:
D
M
V
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Density
A liquid has a density of 0.87 g/mL. What
volume is occupied by 25 g of the liquid?
GIVEN:
D = 0.87 g/mL
V = ?
M = 25 g
D
M
V
WORK:
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Density
You have a sample with a mass of 620 g &
a volume of 753 cm3. Find density.
GIVEN:
M = 620 g
V = 753 cm3
D = ?
D
M
V
WORK:
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Density
Density is that it is an ________
property
That means that the density of a
substance is the same regardless of
_____________
If you find the density of an unknown
material, you can look it up in a density
chart to find its identity
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Density
I have a block that measures 5.25 cm by
2.25 cm by 8.50 cm.
I weigh the block and find its mass to be
5.85 g
Calculate the density of the block in
g/cm3
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What of you have an odd shaped
object? The density of an odd shaped object can be found by
the same equation
To find the mass, you just __________ the odd shaped
object
To find the volume, you place water in a
_________________ and get an initial volume
Then you place the object into the _______________.
The volume of the object is the ____________ in the
two volumes
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For example
A chunk of metal has a mass of 5.25 g. It
is placed in a graduated cylinder
containing 25.0 ml of water. Once the
metal is placed in the graduated cylinder,
the water rises to 38.2 ml. What is the
density of the metal?