Conversion of Grades

RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN

Conversion of

Grades at Radboud University Nijmegen

IO-MSO

Juni 2011

Conversion Scheme Grades for outgoing exchange, Juni 2011, version 1.4

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Table of contents

0. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 5

1. CONVERSION SCHEME ............................................................................ 6

EXPLANATION OF THE INFORMATION AND THE TABLES .............................................. 6

EXPLANATION OF THE CONVERSION PROCEDURE ...................................................... 6

2. CONVERSION TABLES ............................................................................. 7

Argentina ...................................................................................................... 8

Australia ....................................................................................................... 9

Austria ........................................................................................................ 10

Belgium ...................................................................................................... 11

Brazil .......................................................................................................... 13

Canada ....................................................................................................... 14

Chili ............................................................................................................ 15

China (incl Hongkong) ................................................................................ 16

Czech Republic ........................................................................................... 18

Denmark ..................................................................................................... 19

Estonia ........................................................................................................ 20

Finland ....................................................................................................... 21

France ......................................................................................................... 23

Germany ..................................................................................................... 25

Greece ........................................................................................................ 28

Hungary ...................................................................................................... 29

Indonesia .................................................................................................... 30

Ireland ........................................................................................................ 31

Italy ............................................................................................................ 33

Japan .......................................................................................................... 35

Kazhakstan ................................................................................................. 36

Lithuania ..................................................................................................... 37

Mexico ........................................................................................................ 38

New Zealand ............................................................................................... 39

Norway ....................................................................................................... 40

Peru ............................................................................................................ 41

Poland ........................................................................................................ 42

Portugal ...................................................................................................... 43


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Singapore ................................................................................................... 44

Slovenia ...................................................................................................... 45

South Africa ................................................................................................ 46

South Korea ................................................................................................ 47

Spain .......................................................................................................... 48

Sweden ....................................................................................................... 50

Switzerland ................................................................................................. 52

Taiwan ........................................................................................................ 53

Thailand ..................................................................................................... 55

Turkey ........................................................................................................ 56

United Kingdom .......................................................................................... 58

USA ............................................................................................................. 60


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0. Introduction Conversion of international grades

How should grades obtained at universities abroad be converted to Dutch grades? What

is the Dutch equivalent of an A obtained at Harvard, or of a 27 at the University of

Siena? What does it mean to have an Indonesian B+ or a Lithuanian labai gerai?

To aid such conversion, the Executive Board has created a document called Conversion

of Grades at Radboud University Nijmegen. This document gives an overview of most of

the countries and international universities that Radboud University collaborates with,

and provides an overview of the grading systems used there. It serves as a useful

guideline for converting grades obtained abroad, also called the outin conversion. This

guideline can be used by examining boards, for instance, who want to evaluate an

international grade to determine whether a student is eligible for the title cum laude.

Students can also use it to evaluate their international grades on the basis of the Dutch

grading system.

Not on the diploma supplement

The conversion document does not solve all conversion issues. Grading systems differ

greatly from country to country, and may even differ between universities within a

country. It is important that every grade can be traced back to the university where it was

obtained. This information must never be lost. For this reason, the Executive Board has

decided that grades obtained abroad will not be translated on the diploma supplement.

Instead, the diploma supplement will state the original grades as well as the name of

the university or universities where they were obtained.

Conversion of grades obtained in Nijmegen

The other question is: how should Radboud University grades be converted abroad? A

tool is available for international universities and employers for this inout conversion.

This tool is a frequency table that indicates how often the various grades are given at

Radboud University. As of 1 October 2011, every diploma supplement will include this

frequency table. Click here for the Radboud University Nijmegen frequency table for the

2011/12 academic year.


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1. Conversion Scheme

Explanation of the information and the tables

For each country we have tried to indicate:

The structure of the higher education system, i.e. the degrees of the different university levels (first stage, second stage, third stage), including the length of the programmes.

A description of the grading system, including the highest and lowest possible results and the minimum result to pass an exam.

A conversion scheme, indicating how the foreign grade should be converted into a Dutch grade.

A list of partner universities has been added.

For each country we have used the same lay-out, in order to simplify the comparison.

Explanation of the conversion procedure

In the conversion procedure we started with the highest possible foreign grade and the pass/fail level. These have been converted in the corresponding Dutch grades, 10/9 and 6 respectively. In-between grades have been scaled out to a linear scale.

Adaptations to this procedure have been made wherever thought necessary. This occurred mainly when the resulting Dutch grades were judged too high.

The workgroup has decided that when a specification, Letter symbol, Point value and/or Percentage, is missing, the lowest Dutch grade, within the range of the awarded grade, will be awarded. For example Brazil (p.13): if an A (superior superior) has been awarded without further specification, like A+, A, A-, the workgroup decided to convert to 9.0 and not to 9.5 or 10.

In certain cases, we have added personal experiences with specific universities.


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2. Conversion tables


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Argentina Structure of higher education

University level first stage: Licenciatura, Professional Title; 4 to 6 years.

University level second stage: Especializacin, Maestra:1 to 2 years

University level third stage: Doctorado

Description of grading system

10 Sobresaliente; 9 Muy Bueno; 7-8 Distinguido; 5-6 Bueno; 4-4.9 Aprobado; 2-3 Insuficiente; 0-1 Reprobado

Highest on scale: 10

Pass/fail level: 4

Lowest on scale: 0

Argentina conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol Point value Dutch Grade

Sobresaliente A 10 10

Muy bueno A- 9 9.0

Distinguido B+ 8 8.0

Distinguido B 7 7.5

Bueno B- 6 7.0

Bueno C+ 5 6.5

Aprobado C 4 6.0

Insuficiente D 2-3 Onvoldoende

Reprobado F 0-1 Onvoldoende

Partner universities

Universidad de Buenos Aires

Universidad del Salvador


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Australia Structure of higher education

University level first stage: Undergraduate Studies Leads to the Bachelor's Degree. Undergraduate studies last between three years (Arts, Science, Commerce), four years (Education, Engineering), five years (Veterinary Science, Dentistry, Architecture) and five or six years (Medicine and Surgery) full-time.

University level second stage: Postgraduate Studies Master degrees typically require two years following a three-year Bachelor degree and one or two years following an Honours or four-year Bachelor degree and are normally by coursework and project/research work or by research and thesis.

University level third stage: Doctorate The holder of a four-year Bachelor degree with Honours at a sufficiently high level, or a Master degree may proceed to a Doctoral programme. The most common Doctoral programme in Australia is the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).


For undergraduate degree subjects and postgraduate coursework degree subjects there are generally five grades: High Distinction (HD), Distinction (D), Credit (C), Pass (P) and Fail (F). Grading scales vary between institutions.

Highest on scale: High Distinction (HD) 80-100%

Pass/fail level: Pass (P) 50-60%

Lowest on scale: Fail (F) Below 50%

Australia conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol Percentage Dutch Grade

High Distinction HD 98-100 10

High Distinction HD 93-97 9.5



Distinction D 78-82 8.0

Distinction D 73-77 7.5

Credit C 68-72 7.0

Credit C 63-67 6.5

Pass P 50-62 6.0

Partner universities:

University of Sydney

University of Brisbane.

University of Queensland.

University of Perth

University of Melbourne


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Austria Structure of higher education

University level first stage: Bachelor:

University level second stage: Master: 1-2 years

University level third stage: Doktoratstudien: 4-8 semesters


Grades 1-5:

1. sehr gut/excellent

2. gut/good

3. befriedigend/satisfactory

4. gengend/sufficient

5. nicht gengend/failure

Highest on scale: 1

Pass/fail level: 4

Lowest on scale: 5

Austria conversion scheme

Grade Point value Dutch Grade

Sehr gut 1 10

1.5 9.0

Gut 2 8.0

2.5 7.5

Befriedigend 3 7.0

3.5 6.5

Gengend 4 6.0

Nicht Gengend 5 Onvoldoende


Karl-Franzens Universitt Graz

Medizinische Universitt Innsbruck

Johannes-Kepler-Universitt Linz

Katholisch-Theologische Privatuniversitt Linz

Universitt Wien

Wirtschaftsuniversitt Wien

Medizinische Universitt Wien


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Belgium Structure of higher education

University first level stage (bachelor) = 3 years

University second level (master) = 1 or 2 years


Percentage

Met voldoening: satisfactory (60%)

Met onderscheiding: distinction (70%)

Met grote onderscheiding: high distinction (80%)

Met grootste onderscheiding: highest distinction (90%)

Highest on scale: met grootste onderscheiding

Pass/fail level: met voldoening

Point value


Pass/fail level: 12

Lowest on scale: 11

Belgium conversion scheme

Grade Point value

Percentage Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

Dutch Grade Information

Excellent 20 90-100% 20 10 Uitmuntend

19 9.5

18 19 9

Outstanding 17 80-89% 18 8.5 Zeer goed

16 17 8

Good 15 16/15 7.5

14 70-79% 14 7 Goed

Satisfactory 13 60-69% 13/12 6.5 Voldoende

12 11/10 6

Fail 11 0-9 Onvoldoende Onvoldoende

Remarks: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven uses its own grading system, as indicated in the scheme

University of Antwerp considers 11 to be a pass so in that case 11 6.


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Universiteit Antwerpen

Hogeschool Antwerpen

Lessius Hogeschool

Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Facults Universitaires St-Louis

Universit Libre de Bruxelles

Haute Ecole de Bruxelles - Institut Suprieur de Traducteurs et Interprtes

Institut Catholique des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (ICHEC)

Universiteit Hasselt

Universiteit Gent

Hogeschool West-Vlaanderen

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

Universit de Lige

Universit Catholique de Louvain

Universit de Mons

Facults Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur


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Brazil Structure of higher education

University level first stage: Bacharelado Licenciatura: 4-6 years (HBO-opleiding)

University level second stage: Mestrado: minimum 1 year

University level third stage: Doutorado: 3-4 year


Different grading systems are used. Generally, a 0-10 grading system is used for course and research work. Some degrees require a final exam, such as in Medicine, Engineering and Law.

Point scale 0-10

9-10: superior superior

7-8: media superior

5-6: media media

3-4: media inferior

1-2: inferior inferior

0: sin rendimento


Pass/fail level: 5

Lowest on scale: 0

Brazil conversion scheme


Superior superior A+ 10 10

Superior superior A 9.5-10 9.5

Superior superior A- 9.5 (9.6) 9.0

Superior superior B+ 9.0 (8.8) 8.5

Media superior B 8.5 8.0

Media superior B- 8.0 8.0

Media superior C+ 7.5 7.5

Media superior C 7.0 7.0

Media media C- 6.5 6.5

Media media D+ 6.0 6.0

Media media D 5.5 6.0

Media media D- 5.0 6.0

Fail < 5.0 Onvoldoende

Partner universities:

Pontificia Universidade Catlica do Rio de Janeiro

Universidade de Sao Paulo

Universidade Estadual Paulista

Pontifcia Universidade Catlica de Sao Paulo - PUC/SP


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Canada Structure of higher education

University level first stage: Bachelor's Degree: 3-4 years

University level second stage: Master's Degree: 1-2 years

University level third stage: Doctorate: minimum 3 years


The "most common scales" are: A (80-100%, or 75-100%), B (70-80%), C (60-70%) to F (below 50%)

Highest on scale: A

Pass/fail level: D (50-59%)

Lowest on scale: F (Below 50%)

Canada conversion scheme *)

Letter symbol Dutch Grade Information

A++ 10 No equivalent

A++ 9.5 No equivalent

A+ 9

A+ 8.5

A / A- 8.0

A /A- 7.5

A- /B+ 7.0

B+ / B 6.5

B / B- /C 6.0

D 6.0

F Onvoldoende

*) Based on the Nuffic table (www.nuffic.nl)


University of Ottawa

University of Guelph

University of Vancouver

University of Toronto

University of Montreal


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Chili Structure of higher education University level second stage: Licenciatura, Professional title: 4 7 years (bachelor) University level third stage: Magister: 2 years University level fourth stage: Doctorado: 3-5 years


Point value: 1-7

6-7: very good

5-5.9: good

4-4.9: average

1-3.9: fail

Highest on scale: 7

Pass/fail level: 4

Lowest on scale: 1

Chili conversion scheme


Very good 7 10

Very good 6.7-6.9 9.5

Very good 6.3-6.6 9.0

Very good 6.0-6.2 8.5

Good 5.6-5.9 8.0

Good 5.3-5.5 7.5

Good 4.9-5.2 7.0

Average 4.6-4.8 6.5

Average 4.2-4.5 6.0

Average 4.0-4.1 6.0

Fail 1.0-3.9 Onvoldoende


Universidad de Concepcin

Universidad Catolica Silva Henriquez

Universidad Academia Humanismo Cristiano


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China (incl Hongkong) Structure of higher education

University level first stage: Undergraduate education: 4 years

University level second stage: Postgraduate education: 2-3 years

University level third stage: Doctoral post graduate education: 3-4 years


Percentage scale

Pass/fail level: 60

Other main grading system: pass or fail basis. A,B,C,D: pass; F: fail

China conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol (Bejing/ Shanghai)

Percentage (Bejing/Shanghai)

Dutch Grade

Excellent A

98-100 10

Excellent 93-97 9.5

Excellent 90-92 9

Good B

88-89 8.5

Good 83-87 8

Good 80-82 8

Fair C

78-79 7.5

Fair 73-77 7

Fair 70-72 6.5

Pass D

68-69 6.0

Pass 63-66 6

Pass 60-62 6


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Hongkong conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol Dutch Grade

Excellent A+ 10

Excellent A 9.5

Excellent A- 9

Good B+ 8.5

Good B 8

Good B- 8

Fair C+ 7.5

Fair C 7

Fair C- 6.5

Pass D+ 6.0

Pass D 6

Pass D- 6


Hebei Academy of Medical Sciences

Peking University

Tsinghua University

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Aquatic Ecosystems

Shanghai Normal University

Renmin University of China


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Czech Republic Structure of higher education

University first level stage (bachelor): 3 to 4 years

University second level (master): 1 to 3 years

If there is no bachelor or master system: 4 to 6 years


Point scale 1-4

1-vborn (excellent)

2-velmi dobe (very good)

3-dobe (good)

4-nevyhovl (unsatisfactory/fail)

Highest on scale: 1

Pass/fail level: 3

Lowest on scale: 4

Czech Republic conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol Point value Percentage Dutch Grade

Excellent A 1 >90% 10

Outstanding B 1.5 9

Good C 2 75%-90% 8

Satisfactory D 2.5 7

Acceptable E 3 60%-75% 6


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Denmark Structure of higher education

University level first stage: Bachelorgrad (B.A or B.Sc): 3 years

University level second stage: Kandidatgrad/Candidatus (cand.+ field of study, in English: usually MA or MSc + field), Magistergrad (Mag.Art.): 2 years

University level third stage: PhD grad: 3 years


Point scale 00-12

12: outstanding

10: excellent

7: good

4: fair

02: adequate

00: inadequate


Pass/fail level: 02

Lowest on scale: 00

Denmark conversion scheme


Outstanding 12 10

Excellent 10 9

Good 7 8

Fair 4 7

Adequate 02 6

Inadequate 00 Onvoldoende

Remark:The system in Denmark has been revised in 2007/2008. Therefore it has to be taken into account that there exist lists of grades of previous years.


Aalborg Universitet

Aarhus Universitet

Handelshjskolen i rhus

Ingeniorhojskloen i Arhus (IHA)

Kbenhavns Universitet

Handelshjskolen I Kbenhavn

Syddansk Universitet

Roskilde Universitetscenter


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Estonia Structure of higher education

The nominal length of the first stage (Bakalaureus level study) is generally three years (120 AP) , in certain disciplines it is four years (160 AP).

The nominal length of the second stage is one to two years (40-80 APs) but along with the first stage at least five years (200 AP).

Universiteit 4-5 years


A six- point scale is used: 5 or A (excellent) 4 or B (very good) 3 or C (good) 2 or D (satisfactory) 1 or E (insufficient) 0 or F (insufficient).

Highest on scale: 5 or A

Pass/fail level: 1 or E

Lowest on scale: 0 or F Estonia conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol Point value Percentage Dutch Grade

Excellent A 5 91-100% 10

Very Good B 4 81-90% 9

Good C 3 71-80% 8

Fair D 2 61-70% 7

Passed E 1 51-60% 6

Fail FX and F 0 0-50% Onvoldoende


Sisekaitseakadeemia

Tartu likool


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Finland Structure of higher education

University level first stage: Universities: kandidaatti/kandidat (first cycle) First-cycle university degrees consist of at least 180 credits (3 years of full-time study).

University level second stage: Universities: maisteri/magister (second cycle) The second-cycle university degree consists of at least 120 credits (two years of full-time study).

University level third stage: Universities: lisensiaati/licenciat; tohtori/doktor (third cycle): 4 years


At some institutions a six-point scale is used; or a percentage scale: 40-100 5 or A (excellent) 4 or B (very good) 3 or C (good) 2 or D (satisfactory) 1 or E (sufficient) 0 or F (insufficient).

Highest on scale: 5 or A or 100

Pass/fail level: 1 or E or 40

Lowest on scale: 0 or F or below 40

Finland conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol

Point value (Turku)

Point value (other)

Point value (other)

Percentage (Helsinki)

Dutch Grade

Excellent A/K/HP 5 3 ET 94-100 10

86-93 9.5

Very good B 4 2.5 (2+) HT+ 78-85 9.0

70-77 8.5

Good C/H 3 2 HT 64-69 8.0

61-63 7.5

Satisfactory D/T 2 1.5 (1+) TT 54-60 7.0

47-53 6.5

Sufficient E 1 1 40-46 6.0

Insufficient F 0 < 40 Onvoldoende


Helsinki University of Technology

University of Helsinki

University of Joensuu

Jyvskyln Yliopisto

Oulun Yliopisto

Lapin Yliopisto

University of Tampere


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Tampere University of Technology

University of Turku


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France Structure of higher education

University first level stage (bachelor): 3 to 4 years (undergraduate)

University second level (master): 1 year (postgraduate)


Point scale 0-20:

16-20 Trs Bien

14-16 Bien

12-14 Assez-Bien

10-12 Passable


Pass/fail level: 10

Lowest on scale: 0

France conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol

Point value Dutch Grade Informatie

Tres bien A 20 10 Uitstekend

A 19-19.99 9.5

A 18-18.99 9 Zeer goed

A 17-17.99 9

A 16-16.99 8.5

Bien B 15-15.99 8 Goed

B 14-14.99 7.5

Assez bien C 13-13.99 7 Ruim voldoende

C 12-12.99 7

Passable D 11-11.99 6.5 Voldoende

E 10-10.99 6

Ajourn F 9 Onvoldoende Onvoldoende

8 Onvoldoende Onvoldoende


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Universit d'Angers

Universit Catholique de l'Ouest

Universit d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse

Universit Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III

Universit de Bourgogne

Groupe Ecole Suprieure de Commerce Dijon Bourgogne

Universit Stendhal - Grenoble III

Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Grenoble

Universit Charles de Gaulle - Lille III

Universit Claude Bernard - Lyon I

Universit Jean Moulin (Lyon III)

Emlyon Business School

Universit de Provence - Aix-Marseille I

Institut d'Etudes Politiques, Aix-en-Provence

Universit de Montpellier I

Universit des Sciences et Techn. du Languedoc, Montpellier II

Universit Paul Valery

Universit de Nancy I

Universit de Nice

Universit Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3

Universit de Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV)

Universit Ren Descartes (Paris V)

Universit Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)

Universit de Paris VII Denis Diderot

Universit de Paris-Nanterre (Paris X)

Univserit de Paris-Ouest-Nanterre-La Dfense

Universit de Paris Val de Marne, Crteil (Paris XII)

Universit de Paris-Nord (Paris XIII)

Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris

Institut Catholique de Paris

Institut Suprieur des Biotechnologies de Paris

Universit de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)

Universit de Perpignan

Universit de Poitiers

Universit de Reims Champagne-Ardenne

Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Rennes

Universit de Rouen Haute-Normandie

Universit de Strasbourg

Universit Toulouse I Capitole

Universit de Toulouse II - Le Mirail

Universit Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III

Universit Franois Rabelais (Tours)


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Germany Description of grading system

Point scale 1-5:

1. sehr gut/excellent

2. gut/good

3. befriedigend/satisfactory

4. gengend/sufficient

5. nicht gengend/failure

Intermediate values possible

Percentages scales also used

Bestanden = voldoende; Nicht bestanden = onvoldoende

Highest on scale: 1

Pass/fail level: 4

Lowest on scale: 5


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Germany conversion scheme

Grade Point value in %

Point value Dutch Grade

Sehr gut 100 1 10

98-99 1.1 10

96-97 1.2 9.5

94-95 1.3 9.5

92-93 1.4 9.5

Gut 90-91 1.5 9

88-89 1.6 9

86-87 1.7 9

84-85 1.8 9

82-83 1.9 8.5

80-81 2.0 8.5

79 2.1 8.5

78 2.2 8.5

77 2.3 8

76 2.4 8

Befriedigend 75 2.5 8

74 2.6 8

73 2.7 7.5

72 2.8 7.5

71 2.9 7.5

70 3.0 7.5

Satisfactory (average performance)

68-69 3.1 7

66-67 3.2 7

64-65 3.3 7

62-63 3.4 6.5

Genugend/ Sufficient 60-61 3.5 6.5

58-59 3.6 6.5

56-57 3.7 6.5

54-55 3.8 6

52-53 3.9 6

50-51 4.0 6

Nicht genugend 0-49 4.1-6.0 Onvoldoende


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Rheinisch Westflische Technische Hochschule Aachen

Otto-Friedrich-Universitt Bamberg

Universitt Bayreuth

Freie Universitt Berlin

Technische Universitt Berlin

Humboldt-Universitt zu Berlin

Universitt Bielefeld

Ruhr Universitt Bochum

Hochschule Bremen

Technische Universitt Chemnitz-Zwickau

Technische Universitt Darmstadt

Technische Universitt Dortmund

Heinrich-Heine-Universitt Dsseldorf

Heinrich-Heine-Universitt

Katholische Universitt Eichsttt

Friederich-Alexander-Universitt Erlangen-Nrnberg, Erlangen

Universitt Duisburg-Essen

Universitt Flensburg

Albert-Ludwigs-Universitt Freiburg im Breisgau

Universitt Hamburg

Leibniz Universitt Hannover

Medizinische Hochschule Hannover

Ruprecht-Karls-Universitt Heidelberg

European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)

SRH Hochschule Heidelberg

Universitt Hildesheim

Friedrich-Schiller-Universitt Jena

Christians-Albrechts-Universitt zu Kiel

Universitt zu Kln

Universitt Konstanz

Universitt Leipzig

Johannes-Gutenberg-Universitt Mainz

Universitt Mannheim

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt Mnchen

Westflische Wilhelms-Universitt Mnster

Universitt Osnabrck

Universitt Paderborn

Universitt Potsdam

Universitt Regensburg

Universitt des Saarlandes, Saarbrcken

Eberhard-Karls-Universitt Tbingen

Fachhochschule Worms

Julius Maximilians Universitt Wrzburg

Bayerische Julius-Maximilians Universitt Wrzburg

Hochschule Zittau/Grlitz

Hamburg Hochschule


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Greece Description of grading system

Point value 0 10 Highest on scale: 10

Pass/fail level: 5

Lowest on scale: 0

Greece conversion scheme


10 10

9.5 9.5

9.0 9.0

8.5 8.5

8.0 8.0

7.5 7.5

7.0 7.0

6.5 6.5

6.0 6.0

5.5 6.0

5.0 6.0

< 5.0 Onvoldoende


Ethniko kai Kapodistriako Panepistimio Athinon, Athina

Ikonomiko Panepistimio Athinon, Athine

Charokopeio Panepistimio

Pantion Panepistimio Kinonikon ke Politikon Epistimon

Dimokritio Panepistimio Thrakis, Komotini

Panepistimio Kritis

Aristoteleio Panepistimio Thessalonikis


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Hungary Structure of higher education

Hungary has a dual system with colleges and universities, but colleges exists as faculties within the universities and some universities give collegelevel subjects. All universities use the EC system since 2003 and since 2006 the programmes have been classified according to the bachelor-master system. The grading system is nationally recognized.

Universiteit 4-5 years (undergraduate, maar soms ook master genoemd) Description of grading system

Point scale 5-1 5: jeles / kivlan megfelelt (excellent) 4: j (good) 3: kzepes / megfelelt (fair) 2: elgsges (satisfactory) 1: elgtelen/ nem felelt meg (fail)

Highest on scale: 5

Pass/fail level: 2/1

Lowest on scale: 1 Hungary conversion scheme


Excellent A 5 of A1 A2

10 9

Good B 4 8.0

Satisfactory C 3 7.0

Acceptable/pass D 2 6

Unacceptable/fail E 1 Onvoldoende


Etvs Lornd Tudomnyegyetem

Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem

Pzmny Peter Katolikus Egyetem

Kozep-Europai Egyetem

Debreceni Egyetem

Pcsi Tudomnyegyetem


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Indonesia Main credit system used by higher education institutions

A credit system is used. It is essential to see the academic transcript in addition to the degree certificate.

Akademi (Diploma) 120 credits

Politeknik (Diploma) 120 credits

Sekolah Tinggi 144-160 credits

Institut 144-160 credits

Universities

S1 144-160 credits

S2 180-194 credits

S3 230 credits Indonesia conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol


Pass A 4.0 10

Pass A- 3.7 9

Pass B+ 3.3 8.5

Pass B 3 8

Pass B- 2.7 7

Pass C+ 2.3 6.5

Pass C 2.0 6

Fail C- 1.7 Onvoldoende

Fail D 1.0 Onvoldoende

Fail E 0 Onvoldoende


Universitas Padjadjaran

Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Universitas Indonesia

Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya

Universitas Kristen Indonesia

Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata

Universitas Diponegoro

Universitas Gadjah Mada

Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana


31

Ireland Structure of higher education

University first level stage (bachelor): 3 to 4 years (undergraduate)

University second level (master): 1 year (postgraduate) Description of grading system

Letter symbol and percentage scales A: excellent/outstanding B: above average C: average D: below average E: fail *)

Highest on scale: A

Pass/fail level: D/E

Lowest on scale: F Ireland conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol

UCD Percentage UC Dublin

Dutch Grade Information

Excellent A A+ 76.67%-100.00%

10

A A 73.33%-76.66%

9.5

A- 70.00%-73.32%

9

Very Good B B+ 66.67%-69.99%

9

B B 63.33%-66.66%

8.5

B B- 60.00%-63.33%

8.0

Good C C+ 56.67%-59.99%

7.5

C C 53.33%-56.66%

7

Satisfactory D C- 50.00%-53.33%

7

D D+ 46.67%-49.99%

6.5

Sufficient E D/ D- 40.00%-46.67%

6

Fail F E+/ E/ E-

30.00%-39.99%

Onvoldoende E- scores: with compensation possibly Voldoende

F F+/ F/ F-

20.00%-29.99%

Onvoldoende


32

*) Remark The grading scale in Ireland goes from A until F. The letters are also divided in three parts. This is not the same for each Irish university. In contradiction with the EC grading system an E at an Irish university is a Fail, but with compensation it can become a Sufficient.


University College Dublin

Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical School

Dublin Institute of Technology

University College Cork

National University of Ireland


33

Italy Structure of higher education

Laurea = bachelor = 3 years (180 EC)

Laurea Specilistica = master = 2 years (120 EC)

Corsi di Specializzazione di 1 livello = master = 2 to 3 years (120 180 EC) Corsi di Master Universitario di 1 livello = master = 1 year (60 EC)


For Laurea: 0-110 (66 as min. passing grade) + con lode/cum laude.

For examinations during the degree: 0-30 with 18 as the pass mark.

For specialist diploma, the most common scale is: 0-70, 42 being the qualifying grade.

AFAM institutions use the same grading scale as universities: 0-110 ( 66 as minimum passing grade) + code lode/cum laude, to assess performance in the final degree examinations; 0-30 with 18 as the passing grade to assess individual subject exams during the degree course.

Italy conversion scheme


Excellent A 30 e lode 10

30 9.0

Very Good B 29 8.5

28 8.0

Good C 27 8.0

26 7.5

25 7.5

24 7.0

Satisfactory D 23 7.0

22 6.5

21 6.0

Sufficient E 20 6.0

Fail F < 20 Onvoldoende


34


Universit degli studi di Bergamo

Universit di Bologna

Universit degli studi di Camerino

Universit Carlo Cattaneo (LIUC)

Universit degli studi di Ferrara

Universit degli studi di Firenze

Universit degli studi di Genova

Universit degli studi di Macerata

Universit degli studi di Milano

Politecnico di Milano

Universit Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano

Universit di Milano "II Bicocca"

Universit degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia

Universit degli studi di Padova "Il Bo"

Universit degli studi di Palermo

Universit degli studi di Parma

Universit degli studi di Pavia

Universit degli studi di Perugia

Sapienza Universit di Roma

LUISS, Libera Universit Internazionale di Studi Sociali Roma

Universit degli studi Roma Tre

Universit degli studi di Sassari

Universit degli studi di Siena

Universit degli studi di Torino

Universit degli studi di Trento

Universit degli studi di Trieste

Universit degli studi di Udine

Universit degli studi di Venezia

Universit degli studi di Verona


35

Japan Description of main grading systems

A variety of grading systems is used, but the most common is the percentage scale with 60 per cent as the pass mark.

A=80-100%

B=70-79%

C=60-69%

F= (fail)0-59%

Highest on scale: 100%

Pass/fail level: 60%

Lowest on scale: 0%

Other main grading systems Marking: yu (excellent), ryou (good), ka (pass), huka (fail).

Japan conversion scheme


Yu A 100 10

Yu A 95-99 9.5

Yu A 90-94 9.0

Yu A 85-89 8.5

Yu A 80-84 8.0

Ryou B 75-79 7.5

Ryou B 70-74 7.0

Ka C 65-69 6.5

Ka C 60-64 6.0

Huka F 0-59 Onvoldoende


Kansai Gadai University

Kwansei Gakuin University

Rikkyo University


36

Kazhakstan Structure of higher education

University level first stage: Diploma of Specialist, Bachelor A Diploma of Specialist or Diploma of Specialized Higher Education in a particular field of study is generally awarded at the end of a five-year course (former system). Bachelor's Degrees are now also conferred after four years studies.

University level second stage: Aspirantura, Master Full-time postgraduate studies (Aspirantura) leading to the qualification of Candidate of Sciences (Kandidat Nauk) normally last for three years. The submission of a thesis is required. Master's Degrees are also conferred after a further two years study beyond the Bachelor's Degree.

University level third stage: PhD, Doctorate (Doktoratura) In the new system, a PhD is conferred after two to three years further study beyond the Master's Degree. The Doctor of Sciences (Doktor Nauk) is awarded after the Kandidat Nauk after completion of a thesis based on original research.

Description of main grading system

Point scale 1 5 5: excellent 4: good 3: satisfactory 2: unsatisfactory 1: totally unsatisfactory

Highest on scale: 5


Lowest on scale: 1

Other main grading systems In 1999-2000, most higher education establishments adopted the percentage rating system. Highest rating: 100%-90%; Pass/fail level: 90%-60% / 60%-40%.

Kazachstan conversion scheme


Excellent 5 9.0

Good 4 8.0

Satisfactory 3 6.0

Unsatisfactory 2 Onvoldoende


37

Lithuania Structure of higher education University-level studies are organized in three cycles: first cycle (undergraduate); second cycle (graduate); and third cycle (post-graduate). The national credit system is based on an average of 1600 working hours per academic year, one credit corresponding to 40 hours or one week of work. University first level stage (bachelor): University undergraduate (first cycle) studies (universitetins pagrindins (pirmosios pakopos) studijos): 4 to 5.5 years (140 to 180 national credits).


Point scale: 1-10 10 (puikiai): excellent 9 (labai gerai): very good 8 (gerai): good 7 (pakankamai): highly satisfactory 6 (patenkinamai): satisfactory 5 (silpnai): sufficient 4-1: insufficient


Lowest on scale: 1

Other main grading systems Alongside the 10 point system, institutions may use the pass/fail system. Examinations and work defence evaluations, as a rule, are graded. For the courses that do not end with an examination, the pass system is used to test if students have earned the credits allocated to it. Students succeed when they prove they have assimilated not less than 50% of the required knowledge. Lithuania conversion scheme

Grade Point value Dutch Grade Information

puikiai 10 10 excellent

labai gerai 9 9 very good

gerai 8 8.0 good

pakankamai 7 7.5 highly satisfactory

patenkinamai 6 7 satisfactory

silpnai 5 6 sufficient

4 Onvoldoende insufficient


Kauno technologijos universitetas

Mykolo Romerio Universitetas


38

Mexico Description of grading system

Point scale 10-5 10: excelente (excellent) 9: muy bien (very good) 8: bien (good) 7: suficiente (pass) 5: reprobado/no suficiente (fail)


Pass/fail level: 7

Lowest on scale: 0

Mexico conversion scheme


10 98-100 10

94-98 9.5

9.0 90-93 9.0

87-89 8.5

84-86 8.0

8.0 81-83 7.5

77-80 7.0

74-76 6.5

7.0 70-73 6.0

< 7.0 Onvoldoende


Universidad de Guanajato

Universidad de las Amricas


39

New Zealand Description of grading system

In general the higher education institutions use a scale of 9 passing grades: A+, A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C-, and 2 failing grades: D, E.

Highest on scale: A+

Pass/fail level: C

Lowest on scale: E New Zealand conversion scheme


Excellent A+ Set by individual school 10

Excellent A Set by individual school 9.0

Excellent A- Set by individual school 8.5

Good B+ 70-74% 8.0

Good B 65-69% 7.5

Good B- 60-64% 7.0

Satisfactory C+ 55-59% 6.5

Satisfactory C 50-54% 6.0

Fail D/F 40-49% Onvoldoende


University of Otago

University of Auckland


40

Norway Description of grading system

A common system based on the ECTS system (A-F) has been introduced.

Highest on scale: A

Pass/fail level: E

Lowest on scale: F Norway conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol Dutch Grade

excellent A 10

very good B 9

Good C 8

satisfactory D 7

sufficent E 6

Fail F Onvoldoende


Universitet i Bergen

Universitetet i Agder

Universitetet i Oslo

University of Trondheim

Instituut NIFES, Bergen


41

Peru Description of grading system

Point value: 0-20


Pass/fail level: 11

Lowest on scale: 0

Peru conversion scheme


20 10

19 9,5

18 9

17 8,5

16 8

15 7,5

14 7

13 6,5

11 6


42

Poland Description of grading system

Point scale: 5 2 5. very good 4. good 3. satisfactory 2. unsatisfactory

Highest on scale: 5 (very good)

Pass/fail level: 3 (satisfactory)

Lowest on scale: 2 (unsatisfactory) Other main grading systems For non-final exams, the marks '+' and '-' are often added to the principal grade. In some schools, the grade 6 (excellent) exists. Poland conversion scheme

Grade Point value

Dutch Grade

excellent 5,5 10

5 9.0

very good 4,5 8.5

good 4 8

satisfactory 3,5 7

sufficent 3 6

fail 2 Onvoldoende


Uniwersytet w Bialymstoku

Akademia Polonijna

Uniwersytet Slaski

Uniwersytet Jagiellonski

Akademia Grniczo-Hutnicza

Krakowska akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego

Uniwersytet Ldzki

Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lodzi

Uniwersytet Marii Curie - Sklodowskiej

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II

Uniwersytet Im. Adama Mickiewicza

Uniwersytet Ekonomiczna

Uniwersytet Warszawski

Szkola Glwna Handlowa

Szkola Wyzsza Psychologii Spolecznej

Uniwersytet Wroclawski

Jagiellonski in Krakau


43

Portugal Structure of higher education Bachelor = Licenciado (4 to 5 years) Master = Mester (2 years), at least a grade of 14 Description of grading system

The result achieved in a subject, whether through continuous assessment or in an examination is generally expressed in a scale from 0 to 20.


Lowest on scale: 0 EC grades (A-F) are given based on percentage of successful students normally achieving the grade (like the American based grading). Portugal conversion scheme


Muito bom com distincao e louvor Excellent 20 10

Muito bom com distincao Very Good 19 9.5

18 9

Bom com distincao Good 17 8.5

16 8.0

Bom Satisfactory 15 7.5

14 7.5

Suficiente Sufficient 13 7

12 7

11 6.5

10 6

Mediocre/reprovado Fail 7-9 Onvoldoende

Mau/Reprovado Fail 0-6 Onvoldoende


Universidade de Aveiro

Universidade do Minho

Universidade de Coimbra

Universidade Catlica Portuguesa

Universidade Catlica Portuguesa - Centro Regional das Beiras - Viseu

Universidade de Lisboa

Universidade Nova de Lisboa

Universidade Lusfona de Humanidades e Tecnologias

Universidade do Porto

Universidade Fernando Pessoa


44

Singapore Structure of higher education

University level first stage: Bachelor's Degree (Pass or Pass with Merit or Honours): 3 to 5 yrs. Bachelor degrees in Law require four years.

University level second stage: Master's Degree: 1 to 3 yrs The Master's degree is obtained after one to three years of postgraduate study. Candidates for a Master's by research must hold a good Honours degree and submit a thesis. The minimum entry qualification for a Master's by course work and dissertation is a Bachelor's degree or its equivalent, although requirements vary from course to course.

Description of main grading systems

For Polytechnics Distinction: for the top 5% A: excellent: 80-100% B: very good: 70-79% C: good: 60-69% D: pass: 50-59% E: subsidiary pass

For ITE A: excellent: 80-100% B: very good: 70-79% C: good:60-69% D: pass: 50-59% E: subsidiary pass

Singapore conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol

Percentage Dutch Grade

Distinction A+ 95-100% 10

Excellent A 90-94% 9.5

A- 80-89% 9.0

Very good B+ 75-79% 8.5

B 70-74% 8.0

Good C+ 65-69% 7.5

C 60-64% 7.0

Pass D+ 55-59% 6.5

D 50-54% 6.0

Fail F Onvoldoende


45

Slovenia Description of grading system

Point value 10-1 10: excellent 9: very good 8: very good 7 good 6: sufficient 5-1: insufficient



Lowest on scale: 1 Slovenia conversion scheme


distinction / excellent 10 10

very good 9 9

good 8 8

fair 7 7

pass 6 6

fail 5.0 or lower Onvoldoende


Univerza na Primorskem Universita del Litorale

Univerza v Ljubljani

ISH (Institutum Studiorum Humanitatis)

Univerza v Mariboru


46

South Africa Description of main grading system

Percentage system

1st class (75-100%)

2nd class division 1 (70-74)

2nd class division 2 (60-69)

3rd class (50-59)

fail (below 50)

Highest on scale: 1st class

Pass/fail level: 3rd class

Lowest on scale: F

Other grading systems Other universities only distinguish between Distinction (75-100%) and Pass (50-74%). South Africa conversion scheme

Percentage (Cape Town)

Percentage (Stellenbosch)

Dutch Grade

90-100 95-100 10

80-89 90-94 9.5

75-79 85-89 9.0

70-74 80-84 8.5

67-69 74-79 8.0

63-66 70-73 7.5

60-62 64-69 7.0

57-59 58-63 6.5

50-56 50-57 6.0


University of the Free State, Bloemfontein

University of Limpopo

Noordwes-universiteit

University of Pretoria

University of South Africa

Universiteit Stellenbosch

University of Kwazulu-Natal

University of Cape Town


47

South Korea Description of grading system

Letter symbols A-D: A indicates distinguished levels of mastery of the course B indicates good mastery C indicates acceptable mastery D indicates minimum acceptable achievement.

A student's grade point average is determined by the ratio of quality points earned in semester hours. A = 4 points; B = 3 points; C = 2 points; and D = 1 point

Highest on scale: A

Pass/fail level: D

Lowest on scale: D South Korea conversion scheme

Grade

Grade GPA Dutch Grade

A+ A 4.3 10

A 4.0 9,5

A- 3.7 9

B+ B 3.3 8,5

B 3.0 8

B- 2.7 8

C+ C 2.3 7,5

C 2.0 7

C- 1.7 7

D+ D 1.3 6,5

D 1.0 6

D- 0.7 6


48

Spain Description of grading system

Point value 10-5 10: matrcula de honor 9-9.9: sobresaliente 7-8.9: notable 5-6.9: aprobado below 5: suspenso

Highest on scale: 10 matrcula de honor

Pass/fail level: 5 aprobado

Lowest on scale: 4-0 suspenso Other main grading systems For theses: no apto; aprobado; notable; sobresaliente; 'cum laude' Spain conversion scheme

Grade Point value (a)

Point value (b)

Point value (c)

Point value (d)

Letter symbol (e)

Dutch Grade

Matrcula de honor 10 10+ 4 10

A 10

Sobresaliente (honor) 10 9,5

9,5

Sobresaliente 9,5 9 9

Sobresaliente 9 9-10 3 8,5 B 8,5

Notable 8,5 8 8

Notable 8 7-8.9 2 7,5 C 7,5

Notable 7,5 7 7

Notable 7 7 6,5

Aprobado 6,5 6,5 6,5

Aprobado 6 5-6.9 1 6 D&E 6

Aprobado 5,5 6 6

Aprobado 5 6 6

Suspendo 0-4.9 0 F Onvoldoende


49

Partner universities (a)

Autnoma Barcelona

Pontifica Comillas (b)

Carlos III de Madrid

Universidad de Zaragoza (c)

Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); (d)

Universidad Pblica de Navarra (e) Other Partner universities

Universidad de Alicante

Universidad de Almera

Universidad de Extremadura, Cceres

Universitat de Barcelona

Universidad Pompeu Fabra Barcelona

Universitat Abat Oliba

Universidad de Deusto

Universidad de Cdiz

Universidad Jaume I de Castellon

Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha

Universidad de Crdoba

Universidad de Granada

Universidad de Huelva

Universitat de Lleida

Universidad Autnoma de Madrid

Universidad Europea de Madrid

Universidad de Mlaga

Universidad de Murcia

Universitat de les Illes Balears

Universidad de Sevilla

Universidad Pablo de Olavide

Universitat de Valencia (Estudio General)

Universidad Politcnica de Valencia

Universidad de Valladolid


50

Sweden Structure of higher education

University first level stage (bachelor): 3 year (undergraduate) - kandidatexamen

University second level (master): 1 year (postgraduate) - magisterexamen met nmesdjup


Symbol system Vl Godknd (distinction) Godknd (pass) Underknd (fail)

Highest on scale: VG Vl Godknd (distinction)

Pass/fail level: G Godknd (pass)

Lowest on scale: U Underknd (fail)

Sweden conversion scheme; General/Lund

Grade Letter symbol

Dutch Grade Information Law system

Vl Godknd

VG 10 Only in combination with distinction

AB

VG+ 9.0

VG 8.0

Godknd G+ 7.5

G 7.0 pass BA

G- 6.0

Underknd U Onvoldoende fail B

Sweden conversion scheme; Uppsala/ ECsystem

Grade Letter symbol

Dutch Grade

Excellent A 10

Very good B 9.0

Good C 8.0

Satisfactory D 7.0

Sufficient E 6.0

Fail F


51


Gteborgs Universitet

Sdertrns Hgskola

Blekinge Tekniska Hgskola

Lunds Universitet

Stockholms Universitet

Karolinska Institutet

University of Ume

Uppsala Universitet

Linnaeus University


52

Switzerland Description of main grading system

There are three numerical grading systems used by Universities: a 1-6 scale, a 6-1 scale (sometimes a 5-1 scale), and the 10-point scale.

Highest on scale: 6/1/10

Pass/fail level: 4/3(3)/6 (pass mark); 2(1)/6(5)/2 (fail mark)

Lowest on scale: 1/6(5)/1

Other main grading systems The grading system for PhD and Doctorate is: gengend/passable/rite (pass); ziemlich gut/assez bien/cum laude; gut/bien/magna cum laude; sehr gut/trs bien/insigni cum laude; ausgezeichnet/excellent; summa cum laude.

Switzerland conversion scheme for the 6-1 scale


6 10

5,5 - 6 9

5 - 5,5 8

4,5 - 5 7

4 - 4,5 6

< 4 Onvoldoende


Universitt Bern

Universit de Fribourg

Universit de Genve

Universit de Lausanne

Universit della Svizzera italiana (USI)

Universitt Zrich

Eidgenssische Technische Hochschule Zrich


53

Taiwan Structure of higher education

University level first stage: Bachelor's Degree Admission to the first stage is based on the results obtained in the Universities and Colleges Joint Entrance Examination. Most Bachelor's Degree courses last for four years. The exceptions are Medicine (seven years), Dentistry (six years), Veterinary Medicine (five years). A total of 128 credits are required for a Bachelor's Degree. At the Open University, Bachelor's courses last seven to eight years.

University level second stage: Master's Degree Further specialization leads to Master's Degrees which normally require two years study following upon a Bachelor's Degree.

University level third stage: Specialization and individual research, Doctorate The third stage leads to the highest university degree, the Doctorate, which requires a minimum of a further two years study.


A percentage grading system is in use at all levels. 70% is the minimum pass mark in postgraduate courses and 60% in undergraduate courses.

Highest on scale: A 80-100%

Pass/fail level: B 70-79%; C 60-69%

Lowest on scale: D 50-59%

Taiwan conversion scheme for postgraduate courses

Grade Percentage Dutch Grade

A 100 10

A 95-99 9.5

A 90-94 9.0

A 85-89 8.5

A 80-84 8.0

B 75-79 7.0

B 70-74 6.0

C 60-69 Onvoldoende


54

Taiwan conversion scheme for undergraduate courses

Grade Percentage Dutch Grade

A 100 10

A 95-99 9.5

A 90-94 9.0

A 85-89 8.5

A 80-84 8.0

B 75-79 7.5

B 70-74 7.0

C 65-69 6.5

C 60-69 6.0

D 50-59 Onvoldoende


National Chiao Tung University


55

Thailand Description of grading system

Grading at all universities is based on credit points system. Evaluation for each subject is done by grade and grade points for the course's credit hours as follows:

A = Excellent (GP = 4)

B+ = Very Good (GP = 3.5)

B = Good (GP = 3)

C+ = Fairly Good (GP = 2.5)

C = Fair (GP = 2)

D+ = Poor (GP = 1.50)

D = Very Poor (GP = 1)

F = Fail (GP = 0).

Highest on scale: 4

Lowest on scale: 1

Thailand conversion scheme


Excellent A 4.00 10

Very good B+ 3.50 9

Good B 3.00 8,0

Fairly good C+ 2.50 7,5

Fair C 2.00 7

Poor D+ 1.50 6

Very poor D 1.00 6

Fail F 0.00 Onvoldoende


56

Turkey Structure of higher education

Bachelor = Lisans Diplomasi (4 years)

Master = Yksek Lisans Diplomasi (1.5 to 2 years) Description of grading systems

Turkish universities use different grading systems: o 0-10 (in which 5 = pass) o 0-20 (in which 10 = pass) o 0-100 ((in which 50 = pass)

Some universities use letter symbols (A-F) or doubled letter symbols (AA-FF) Turkey conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol

Bilkent Koc Sabanci Dutch Grade

Excellent A A A A 10

A A- A- A- 9.5

B B+ B+ B+ 9

Very Good B B B B 9

B B- B- B- 8.5

Good C C+ C+ C+ 8

C C C C 7.5

C C- C- C- 7

Satisfactory D D+ D+ D+ 7

D D 6.5

Sufficient E D- D D 6

Fail FX FX 5

Fail F F F F Onvoldoende

Grade Percentage METU Bogazici Dutch Grade

Excellent 90-100 AA AA 10

Very Good 85-89 BA BA 9.5

Good 80-84 BB BB 9

75-79 CB CB 8

Fair 70-74 CC CC 7.5

65-69 DC DC 7

Poor 60-64 DD DD 6.5

50-59 FD 6

Fail < 49 FF F Onvoldoende


57


Ankara Universitesi

Middle East Technical University (METU)

Bilkent niversitesi

University of Akdeniz

Uludag niversitesi

Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University

Bogazii niversitesi

Istanbul niversitesi

Fatih niversitesi

Sabanci niversitesi

Yeditepe niversitesi

Acibadem niversitesi

Ege niversitesi

Kocaeli University

Cumhuriyet niversitesi

KOC


58

United Kingdom Structure of higher education

University first level stage (bachelor) = 3 year (undergraduate)

University second level (master) = 1 year (postgraduate) Main grading system used by higher education institutions

Alphabetical system A to E A: excellent/outstanding B: above average C: average D: below average E: fail

Highest on scale: A

Pass/fail level: D/E

Lowest on scale: E

United Kingdom conversion scheme *)

Letter symbol Percentage Dutch Grade Information

A++ 96% - 100% 10 No equivalent

A++ 90% - 95% 9.5 No equivalent

A+ 80% - 89% 9

A+ 70% - 79% 8.5

A / A- 60% - 69% 8.0

B+ / B 54% - 59% 7.5

B / B- 50% - 53% 7.0

C+ 45% - 49% 6.5

C / D 40% - 44% 6.0

Pass 35% - 39% 6.0

F 30% - 34% Onvoldoende

*) Based on the Nuffic table (www.nuffic.nl)


59


University College of North Wales, Bangor

Queen's University of Belfast

University of Sussex, Brighton

University of West England

University of Cambridge

University of Kent at Canterbury

Cardiff University

University of Essex

University of Warwick, Coventry

University of Dundee

Durham University

University of Edinburgh

University of Glasgow

University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield

University of Hull

Keele University

University of Lancaster

Institute of Education (IOE) - University of London

Imperial College London

King's College - University of London

Middlesex University

University of Greenwich

Loughborough University

University of Manchester

Manchester Metropolitan University

University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne

University of Nottingham

University of Oxford (University Offices)

University of Reading

University of Sheffield

University of Southampton

Swansea University

University of Winchester

University of Wolverhampton

University of York


60

USA Description of main grading system

Many institutions use either a letter grading system similar to that described for secondary school linked to a numerical system based upon points earned. The latter system is typically based on a five-, four-, or three-point scale. Some institutions do not use grades or provide them only upon request. Grading systems are determined by each institution.

Highest on scale: A, 4.0 (Excellent)

Pass/fail level: C, 2.0 (Marginal)

Lowest on scale: D or F, 1.0 or below (Failure)

Other grading systems Advanced research studies (Masters thesis, Doctoral dissertations), practica and projects or presentations in the fine or performing arts are often not assigned letter or numerical grades but rather evaluated on an "honours", "pass", or "fail" basis by the supervising faculty. NOTE US grading systems at both the secondary and higher education levels are generally based on the principle of starting with an assumption of a perfect grade and then subtracting points for errors, omissions, poor expression, unsound reasoning, etc. Numerical scores are often converted into letter grades, or vice-versa. Since there are five common letter grades (A,B,C,D,F) and ten-point score ranges are frequently issued to denote letter grade separations, it is common for any score/grade of less than 60 (D) to be considered unsatisfactory. This is an important difference from systems where scoring begins at zero and points are added to achieve a final grade.

USA conversion scheme *)

Letter symbol Dutch Grade Information

A++ 10 No equivalent

A++ 9.5 No equivalent

A+ 9

A+ 8.5

A / A- 8.0

A /A- 7.5

A- /B+ 7.0

B+ / B 6.5

B / B- /C 6.5

D 6.0

F Onvoldoende

* Based on the Nuffic table (www.nuffic.nl)


61


University of California

Boston College

Humboldt State University

Loyola University New Orleans

University of Tampa

The University of Iowa

University of Kansas

University of Dayton

University of San Diego

Pennsylvania State University

DePaul University

University of Minnesota - Twin Cities

University of Wyoming

Iowa State University of Science and Technology

University of Southern Maine

Washington & Jefferson College

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

University of Central Florida

Washington & Jefferson College

University of Hawa

Conversion of Grades

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