Convergence Informatics - Harvard University · Convergence Informatics Chapter 3 & 4 (Week 2)...

ConvergenceInformatics

Chapter 3 & 4 (Week 2)Applications of Informatics

DCCS326 Korea University 2019 Fall

Asst. Prof. Minseok [email protected]

Contents

Statistics in Informatics

Introduction to Statistics2.

Pharmacoinformatics

Applications of Informatics (Cont.)1. Bioinformatics

Types of variables

Population and Sample

Fundamental notation

Central location and variability

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PharmacoinformaticsApplications of informatics in pharmacology

Drug discovery and development requires the integration ofmultiple scientific and technological disciplines.

These include chemistry, biology, pharmacology, pharmaceutical technology and extensive use of information technology.

From Wikipedia with “Pharmacoinformatics”

Pharmacoinformatics is also one of representative multidisciplinary fields


PharmacoinformaticsApplications of informatics in pharmacology

The main idea behind the field is to integrate different informaticsbranches such as bioinformatics, chemoinformatics,immunoinformatics, and etc., into a single platform, resulting in aseamless process of drug discovery.

The first reference of the term "Pharmacoinformatics" can befound in the year of 1993.


Medication use processPharmacoinformatics


Medication with InformaticsPharmacoinformatics


Concept of convergencePharmacoinformatics

EHR is a key for pharmacoinformatics


BioinformaticsApplications of informatics in Biology

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methodsand software tools for understanding biological data.

As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines biology, computer science, information engineering, mathematics and statistics to analyze and interpret biological data.

From Wikipedia with “Bioinformatics”

Bioinformatics is also one of representative multidisciplinary fields !


BioinformaticsApplications of informatics in biology

Bioinformatics has been used for in silico analyses of biological queriesusing mathematical and statistical techniques.

Bioinformatics is both an umbrella term for the body of biologicalstudies that use computer programming as part of their methodology,as well as a reference to specific analysis "pipelines" that arerepeatedly used, particularly in the field of genomics.

In the biologist perspective,

the algorithms and techniques of computer science and statistics arebeing used to resolve the problem faced by molecular biology.

From the point of view of a computer scientist or statistician,

Information technology applied to the management and analysis ofbiological data.


Subfields of BioinformaticsApplications of informatics in biology

Molecular Medicine Gene Therapy Drug Development ??? Pharmacoinformatics Microbial genome applications Crop improvement Animal breeding Forensic analysis Biotechnology Evolution analysis Bio weapon generation Human disease…

Bioinformatics is already essential for any molecular researches on all livingthings we can think of.


Central Dogma in BiologyApplications of informatics in biology

Biological data can be roughly divided into three types, DNA, RNA, and Protein.

Each of the three types of data has different characteristics.


Central Dogma in BiologyApplications of informatics in biology

Currently, Bioinformatics is currently the most representative of all Informaticsapplications.

That says, if you know how to do Bioinformatics, expanding to other fieldswill be very easy.


StatisticsBasic concepts in Statistics for Informatics

Descriptive statistics

Inferential statistics

Statistics:To collect, organize, and summarize dataObserve only a portion, draw information on the whole

Biostatistics:

Statistics are used in diverse fieldCharacteristics of biological dataMolecular biology, public health, and biomedical data


Variables and Random variableBasic concepts in Statistics for Informatics

Variables

• One of major purposes of statistics in public health is to find out thefactors and explain how

• If everyone has one value (constants, not variable), it is impossible tosee different health outcomes by this factor

Random variable

• Values of the variable are observed with certain probability rules.

• In probability and statistics, a random variable, random quantity,aleatory variable, or stochastic variable is described informally as avariable whose values depend on outcomes of a random phenomenon.


Quantitative and qualitative variablesBasic concepts in Statistics for Informatics

Quantitative variables

Qualitative variables

• Continuous and numerical characteristics

• Categorical and non-numerical characteristics


Population and SampleBasic concepts in Statistics for Informatics

Population

Sample

• Target subject of the study• Composed with individual elements• Finite or Infinite

• If possible, we may investigate all elements of the population.• But, we may select samples from the population.• It is very important how to select samples (Representativeness)


Representativeness (1)Basic concepts in Statistics for Informatics

Population(== Our goal)



Sampling bias


Sampling errorsBasic concepts in Statistics for Informatics

Sampling Error

• It happens because we observe sample, not the whole.

• For example,• Difference between target population and the sample• Faults of the questionnaire.• Non-respose• Interviewer’s error• Deletion from the survey• Data processing error• Etc…


Fundamental notationBasic concepts in Statistics for Informatics

Population

• Parameters• constants which determine statistical properties of the assumed model


Measuring central locationBasic concepts in Statistics for Informatics

Mean vs Median

• For a data set, the arithmetic mean, also called the mathematicalexpectation or average, is the central value of a discrete set of numbers:specifically, the sum of the values divided by the number of values.


Measuring variabilityBasic concepts in Statistics for Informatics

Variability• Range, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation

Range

Variance

Coefficient of variation (CV)

Max value – Min value

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Convergence Informatics - Harvard University · Convergence Informatics Chapter 3 & 4 (Week 2)...

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