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Buon Ma Thuot Sanitation Sub-Component

Three Perspectives

of the Buon Ma Thuot Sanitation Project

SEAWUN CONVENTION8 June 2005

The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the

Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee

the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use.

Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.

Buon Ma Thuot

Sanitation Sub-Component

PART 1

Appropriate Technology

for Sewerage & Drainage Systems :

A Case Study in Vietnam

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Project Background

Danida-Funded Sewerage/Drainage Intervention

USD 20 million Investment (80/20)

Commenced April 2001 (66 months program)

Separate Sewerage System (1st in Vietnam)

Serving 33,000 Population (ult. 104,000 pop.)

Appropriate Technology,What are we looking for ?

Low capital cost

Low operating cost (electricity, chemicals)

Technically understandable

Locally available materials

Durable construction

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Our Project’s Technology

Separate Sewerage System with central

pumping station

Stabilization Pond WWTP

Upgraded Drainage System with large

drainage diversions.

Separate Sewer System Overview

Excludes rainwater 

Conveys only Sewage to WWTP

HDPE, uPVC Piping (Vietnam product)

5,500 Household Connections

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HDPE Sewer Installation

Pre-cast Manhole

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Sewerage House Connection Works

Stabilization Pond WWTPOverview

Dual train, three-stage Pond System

No energy, no chemical required

Easily understood technology

Simplicity offers reliability

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Reclamation

 WWTP Schematic

WWTP – Anaerobic Ponds

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WWTP – Cascade Aerator 

& Facultative Ponds

WWTP – Cascade Aerator 

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HDPE Liner Installation

at Maturation Ponds

Drainage System Overview

Focus on Mitigation of Flooding

Minimize small-diameter, high maintenance

pipes

Large Drainage Diversions Piped directly to

Receiving Water 

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DN1800 Drainage Pipeline Installation

Drainage Diversion OutletAt Receiving Stream

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Conclusion & Lessons LearnedPart 1 – Appropriate Technology

Keep technology simple, understandable

Minimize mechanical/ electrical content

Maximize available human resources

Utilize local products

Reliability = Success

Buon Ma Thuot

Sanitation Sub-Component

PART 2

Reclamation of Treated Wastewater 

for Agricultural Reuse :

A Case Study in Vietnam

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Ethnic Minority Farmer, Family, Well & Pump

Reclamation Technology

Four Additional Maturation Ponds

(Enhanced Treatment)

Reclamation Pumping Station

(4 pumps + 4 pressure mains)

High/Low Reservoirs (4 No.)

Gravity Distribution Pipeline

4000 m3/day – 100 hectares Coffee Irrigated

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Reclamation System – Delivery Schematic

Conclusion & Lessons LearnedPart 2 – Wastewater Reclamation

Treated Wastewater compatible with Coffee

tree irrigation.

Wastewater residual nutrients lessen the

need for supplemental fertilizer.

Cost of supplying reclaimed wastewater 

equal to or less than current supply costs.

Reclamation of wastewater provides a

reliable, sustainable water supply to help

reduce poverty in subsistence farmers.

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Buon Ma Thuot

Sanitation Sub-Component

PART 3

Financial Sustainability

of a Newly-formed Enterprise:

A Case Study in Vietnam

Financial Sustainability,What is it all about ?

“MONEY”

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Why Be Financially Sustainable ?

Budgetary Control

Greater Autonomy over Capital Expenditure

& Emergencies

Independence/ Freedom from Subsidy

Planning for Financial Sustainability

Determine Operating Costs

Assess “Ability and Willingness” to pay

Identify potential revenue streams

Seek a fair balance

Talk it up . . . . . .

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Roadblocks to Success

Customers don’t want to pay

Nobody wants to be the guy raising taxes

What about Depreciation ?

Government Regulations

Plotting our (Revenue) Course

Drainage Surcharge 10% (of current water bill)

on all water customers.

Implemented 1 August 2003

(Generates 75% of necessary revenue).

Wastewater fee 20% (of current water bill) on

sewerage customer only.

Under consideration by Local Authorities.

(Generates 25% of necessary revenue)

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-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

   U   S   D    (  x

   1   0   0   0   )

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Budgets Total Revenue Annual Surplus (Deficit)

Projected Enterprise

Budgets & Revenues

Conclusions & Lessons LearnedPart 3 – Financial Sustainability

“Polluter Must Pay” Principle Must Apply

Benefits have Costs – Focus on IEC

Early, early Action on Revenue issues

Financial Sustainability brings Autonomy

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THANK YOU

FOR

YOUR KIND ATTENTION