PERSPECTIVE MANAGEMENT

Controlling AND TECHNIQUES OF

ControllingSubmitted to: Prof. Dr.Arjita jain

Submitted by:

Varsha Golekar 18Priyanka joshi 25Snehal kadu 27Swarada khaire 35Supriya Mhatre 46Priyanka shinde 60

MANAGEMENT

“Management is an art of knowing what to do, when to do and see that it is done in the best

and cheapest way”. - F.W. Taylor

According to Henry Fayol, “To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, & to control”.

EffectivenessEffectiveness

EfficiencyEfficiencyGetting workdone through

others

Getting workdone through

others

Collaboration

Team-driven

creativity

Bott

om

- U

p Control

Imposed

Stiffness

Top

- D

ow

n

Bottom- Up vs. Top- Down Management

Bottom-Up and top-down management often criticized for

Lack of clarity

Lack of Control

Bottom-Up top-down

MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS:

Planning

Organizing

Staffing

Leading

Controlling

Planning

Organizing

Staffing

Leading

Controlling

Making Things Happen

Meeting the Competition

Organizing People, Projects, and Processes

Making Things Happen

Meeting the Competition

Organizing People, Projects, and Processes

Classical Management Functions

Updated Management Functions

Planning, organizing, co-ordinating, staffing and directing are only preparatory steps for getting the work done; its only through the process of control that management is able to maintain the equilibrium between ends and means, output and effort.

PLANNIG AND CONTROLLING LINK

CONTROLLING

Controlling is one of the managerial functions

like planning, organizing , staffing and directing. It is

an important function because it helps to check the errors

and to take the corrective action so that deviation from

standards are minimized and stated goals of the

organization are achieved in desired manner.

It is the process of regulating organizational

activities so that actual performance conforms to expected

organizational standards and goals. Thus, controlling means

that managers develop appropriate standards compare

ongoing performance against those standards and take

steps to ensure that corrective actions are taken when

necessary.

IMPORTANCE OF CONTROL

Achievement of goals

Execution and revision of plans

Brings order and discipline

Facilities decentralization of authority

Promotion co-ordination

Cope with uncertainty and change

FEATURES OF CONTROL

Control is a positive force

Control is a positive force

It is a continuo

us process

It is forward looking

Delegation is the key to control

It is universal processIt is

dynamic process

It is goal-

oriented

It is based on planning

CONTROL PROCESS

Establish

standards

Measure

performance

Compare

performanceagainst standards

Maintain the

status quo

Correct the

deviation

Change

standards

Determine need

for correctiveaction

21 43

EXAMPLE….

CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE CONTROL Suitable Simple Selective Sound and economical Flexible Forward Looking Reasonable Objective Responsibility for failures Acceptable

TYPES OF CONTROL

Critical or strategic point control:

Management by exception (MBE) benefits It saves time. It identifies critical problem areas. It stimulates communication. It reduces the frequency of decision making. It leads to concentration of effort on important things. It makes use of more knowledge and data. It is necessary in big organizations.

DIMENSIONS OF CONTROL

The kaizen umbrella includes all such terms aimed at improving labor- management relations, marketing practices, supplier relations, in-house systems and procedures.

Management-oriented kaizenGroup-oriented kaizen: Individual-oriented kaizen

KAIZEN

Effect: Long term and long lasting but not dramatic.

Pace: Small steps; built around existing facilities and technology.

Time frame : Continuous and incremental Involvement: An ongoing and never-ending

process that involves everyone in the organization.

Approach: Collectivism, group efforts and systems approach.

Needs: Needs very little investments but huge efforts to keep it going.

Orientation : People-oriented and cross-functional approach

Feedback: Comprehensive feedback offered to all at regular intervals.

FEATURES :

5-S movem

entSeiri

seiton

seiso

seiketsu

Shitsuke

A budget is a financial plan and a list of all planned expenses and revenues. It is a plan for saving, borrowing and spending

BUDGET CONTROLS is methodical control of an organization’s operations through establishment of standards and target regarding income expenditure, and a continuous monitoring and adjustment of performance against them.

BUDGET CONTROLS

BUDGET DEVELOPMENT METHODS

1• TOP DOWN

BUDGETING

2• BOTTOM-UP

BUDGETING

3• ZERO- BASED

BUDGETING

4• FLEXIBLE

BUDGETING

5• BUDGET BASESD

ON PERIOD

6• PERFORMANCE

BUDGETING

PERT is a scheduling tool that is essentially a network of project activities showing estimates of time necessary to complete each activity and the sequential relationship of activities that must be followed to complete a project.

CPM shows the sequence of events and activities within a programme evaluation and review technique network that requires the longest period of time to complete.

PERT & CPM (NETWORK TECHNIQUES)

  Tasks which must be carried out Where parallel activity can be carried out The shortest time in which a project can be

completed Resources needed to achieve a project The sequence of activities, scheduling, and

timings involved Task priorities

CRITICAL PATH ANALYSIS IS AN EFFECTIVE AND POWERFUL METHOD OF ASSESSING:

MIS (management information system)

 

Integrated technique for gathering

relevant information from whatever source it

originates and transferring it into usable

form for the decision-makers in

management.

1] Management information systems

involve three primary resources: technology,

information, and people.

It is three pronged service

It Minimizes information overload

It Facilitates planning

MIS Encourages Decentralization

It brings Co ordination, It makes

control easier

JUST IN TIME(JIT)Just in time (JIT) is the goal being

pursued by a good number of

progressive companies which want

to bring in high degree of efficiency

in the domain of supply chain

management?

The aim of this approach is to

maintain zero or minimum level of

inventory in an organization by

synchronizing the supply of

assemblies and equipment from the

suppliers with their demand in the

To achieve that JIT employs

following techniques

• Standardization of processes.

• Total productive maintenance.

• Kanban

TQM ( TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT)

Integrative philosophy of management for continuously improving the quality of products and processes.

TQM functions on the premise that the quality of products and processes is the responsibility of everyone who is involved with the creation or consumption of the products or services offered by an organization. In other words, TQM capitalizes on the involvement of management, workforce, suppliers, and even customers, in order to meet or exceed customer expectations

CONCLUSION

Here, we have importance and advantages of control process and controlling techniques to

the organization. An organization can follow these kinds of control process techniques for the

betterment of company as well as employees and also to increase the productivity by utilizing

maximum resources with the minimum cost.