Control & Automation

8/10/2019 Control & Automation

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CONTROL & AUTOMATION ASPECTS

FOR

RELIABILITY OF SUPER-CRITICAL UNITS

SUPER CRITICAL POWER PLANTS

Sandeep M. Patel

BHEL-Electronics [email protected]


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Market requirements



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Increased Plant Efficiency & Lower Heat rate

EXPECTATIONS FROM GENERATION UNITS

High Reliability and Availability of Plant

Ability to use different quality of Fuel

Ability to operate under adverse grid conditions

Minimum Pollution

Lowest cost


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Increase in Main Steam Pressure

Parameters to Increase Cycle Efficiency

Increase in Superheat and Reheat Temperatures

Increase in Condenser Vacuum

Increase in Feed water Temperature

.. and many more


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Measures to Improve Plant Efficiency

Overall Efficiency can be increased by

Improving internal efficiency

Adoption of advance steam parameters


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As the fluid pressure increases,

Latent Heat ( Enthalpy of Steam

Enthalpy of Water) reduces.

At Critical point it becomes zero.

In physical terms, at this pressure

water transforms to steamspontaneously.


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PARAMETERS ABOVE CRITICAL STATE

STEAM PRESSURE > 221.2 BAR

STEAM TEMPERATURE > 374.15 Deg C

ULTRA SUPERCRITICAL PRESSURE( 300 BAR)

INCREASE IN PRESSURE AND MAIN & REHEAT TEMP. > 537 Deg C

RESULTS IN SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT IN EFFICIENCY

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

500 MW 660 MW

Sub critical

170ata / 537 C / 537 CSuper Critical

247ata / 565 C / 593 C

Improvement 4.3 %


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Steam Power plant efficiency increases with

increase in steam pressure and temperature.

Power plant Cycles operating above critical

pressure (221.2 bar) are classified as Supercriticalcycles.

With higher cycle efficiency, the supercritical cycle

offers the advantage of burn less fuel for the

same output and lower emission.

Lesser Pollutants

SOX , NOX & CO2


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Expectations from C&I


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Power Plant Objectives

Optimum Performance

Reliable and Secure Operation

Simplicity in Operation


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Power Plant Control Requirement

Efficient and Effective Control Strategy

Reliable , Precise and Flexible Execution

Well Designed Operating Aids

Ability to cover all areas of a power plant

Increased Level of Automation

Integrated Automation and Information

Management

Central Control Room for Total Power Plant


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Added Features

Expert System Based Tools

Performance Analysis, Diagnosis and Optimization

System ( PADO)

Boiler Flame Analysis System for Combustion

Optimisation

Root Cause Analysis System


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Responsibility of C&I

To provide a system, which is

Highly Available

Reliable

Safe

Efficient

Easy to Operate

----------------->>>>


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To provide a system, which is

Expandable

Informative

Guide To Operator and Maintenance

Personnel

Assistant to Operator/ MaintenanceGroup


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How it is Achieved

Highly reliable and rugged control system

Well designed Control Strategies

Fast, Accurate and Efficient Processing,Calculations and Decision making

Built-in Redundancies at every level

Easily maintainable for Minimum Down time


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How it is Achieved

Better Information Management & Presentation

System

Operator Guidance

Better Diagnostic and Maintenance Tools

for Machine as well as for Control Electronics


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Power Plants are either

Sub-Critical OR Super-Critical

But for C&I

Every Plan t is CRITICAL

There is no Crit ical Plan t


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THANKS

Control & Automation

Documents

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