Control and optimization of wastewater treatment plants

MMEA Wastewater KeydemoHelsinki 17 September 2015

Control and optimization of wastewatertreatment plants

Esko Juuso

Control Engineering Group, Faculty of Technology

University of Oulu, Finland


Measurementsà Applications• Basis: Measurements

– Microwave, image processing, LED, ...– Sampling, dilution, cleaning, uncertainty– Towards on-line and process

• Methodology: Data analysisà pipelined• Intelligent analysers (soft sensors)• Decision support & operating conditions• Modelling with specific submodels• Integration to automation• Risk analysis• Services


WP 2 State model• Trafic lights• Environmental efficiency• Calculation methods

WP 4 Measurements• Image processing• Biodegradability• Contamination

WP 1 MMEA Platform• Data sources• Data processing chain

• Quality Control• Anomaly detection

WP 2 EnvironmentalEfficiency• Real-time indicators• Life cycle analysis

How industrial applicationscan utilize MMEA platformand vice versa?

How efficiency (energy, material, environment)and performance of an industrial system can beimproved by monitoring and diagnosis applications?


Monitoring and control• Data analysis: nonlinear scalingà indices, limits• Intelligent indicators

– Scaled values [-2, 2]– Trend indices

• Plant performance: long windows• Control + DSS: short windows

• Traffic lights– Levels &Trends

• Cases: wastewater treatment (WWT) plants– Pulp mill WWT (Stora Enso, Oulu)– Municipal WWT (HSY),

• Automation systems à Online (Valmet)


Measurementsà Control

• Data analysis– Limits

• Trend analysis– Changes– Trajectories

• Uncertainty

Detection of operating conditions- system adaptation

- fault diagnosis, maintenance,- performance, quality

Dynamic simulation- controller design, prediction

Intelligent analysers- sensor fusion

- software sensors- trends

Intelligent control- adaptation

- model-based

Measurements- on-line analysers

- DSP

Intelligent actuators- model-based

Intelligent analyser(Software sensor)

Controller

Stricter requirements

Capacity increaseFluctuations

Intelligent + MPC


Signal processing- Derivation- Integration, etc.

Feature extraction- Norms- Histograms

Interpolation

Nonlinear scaling

LE modelsFuzzy rules

Signals

Process measurements

Process measurements

Laboratory analysis

Intelligent indices

Trend indicesProcess states

• Process Cases & Faults• Quality, Efficiency, …

Measurementsà Featuresà Indices

Sensor selectionFeature selection

Each measurementanalysed separately


• A generalised norm

• Special cases. Min ... Max

– Arithmetic mean– Standard deviation, rms value

• Variable specific

Data analysis: generalised norms

p is a real numberSeparately for each variable x j


Generalised momentsà Limits• Normalised moments

• Skewness– Positive– Symmetric– Negative

• Generalised moment

k = 3 Skewnessk = 4 Kurtosis( )[ ]

kX

k

kXEXE

sg )(-

=

03 >g

03 <g03 =g

( )k

X

k

p

p

k

MXE

sg

ata

úûù

êëé -

=

)(

Central value


Nonlinear scaling

Measurements

Meanings

Expertknowledge

- Linguistic levels can translated into numbers- Natural language


Shortage of nutrientsToo much nutrients

High oxygenLow oxygen

High temperatureLow temperature

High flowLow flow

Very good

Low reduction

Settling problems

Very good

Warnings

Process states & Limits Traffic lights


Trend analysis

åå-=-= +

-+

=k

nkij

L

k

nkij

S

Tj

LS

kXn

kXn

kI )(1

1)(1

1)(

Change of trend index

Trend index


Treatment results

Lowreduction

Settlingproblems

Very good

Very good


Decision support systems• DSS system

architecture• Data visualization

– Traffic lights– Trends

• Diagnosis tools– Variable specific– Combined

• Modelling

• “What if” simulations

• Detected problems• Advisory tools for

operator supportà Process control

• Connectivity ofindustrial informationsystems with MMEAplatform



ControlDecision making



ControlDecision makingControl

Decision making

Performanceanalysis

AdaptationExpertise

Optimisation

Measurementtechnology

Monitoringà Decision support

• Quality• Uncertainty handling• Online analysers and laboratory measurements

• Open data (weather)


Submodels

Water treatment

Fuzzy LE blocks

BioMass

Load

- Load- Nutrients- Oxygen- Temperature

Condition ofthe biomass


Measurementsà Automationà Risk Management

Measurements

Intelligentanalysers

RiskManagement

EnvironmentWeatherHydrological forecasts

Processes


Risk management


Decision makingProcess controlDecision making

ModellingRisk identification

Risk analysisHigh-level control

Diagnostics

Performance analysisEnviromental measurementsAdaptation

Intelligent analyser(Software sensor)Intelligent analyser

(Software sensor)Intelligent analyser(Software sensor)


Process

Measurements

Modelling

Open data

Process insight, weather, water balance

Intelligent analysers: traffic lights, trendsNew measurements

New measurements

Forecasting

Globalmarkets

Situation awareness


WP3 Remote Sensing- Radar- Lidar- Airborne

WP4- Solution studies- High performance• on-line monitoring

WP1 Data Management- Data Sources- Processing- Testbed

WP2 EE Management/- Monitoring methods- Decision Support- Application cases

EE ServicesConceptsWP2

Fouling and contamination of sensors

Wastewater measurements

Weather observations & forecasting

Quality control & anomaly detections

Data operator & data sources

Value chain for environmentalmanagement

Monitoring methods and tools

Monitoring and management framework

Decision support systems

Low-cost sensors in water analytics

Atmospheric boundary layer sensingwith radar, lidar & airborne

InstrumentsProbabilistic nowcasting


Smart Applications in Industrial Internet

Thing

Thing

Thing

Act!

Store,analyse,refine,

etc.

Local integrated applications!

Utilise!

Local processingà Efficient local useà Less data transfer

Things

Services


Decision makingProcess controlDecision making

ModellingRisk identification

Risk analysisHigh-level control

Diagnostics

Performance analysisEnviromental measurementsAdaptation

Intelligent analyser(Software sensor)Intelligent analyser

(Software sensor)Intelligent analyser(Software sensor)


Process

Measurements

Modelling

Open data

GSPC & Trends

I2oSIoT

Experts


Conclusions

• Process measurementsà real-time• Samplingà Laboratory analysis• More real-time measurements• Combine measurements + trend analysis + GSPC• Monitoringà Control & Optimization• Forecasting + Risk identification• Situation awareness• Services

EnvironmentWWTP

Active sludgeOpen data

Participatoryobservations

Control and optimization of wastewater treatment plants

Environment

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