Dr. Hans Kirschner 0664 / 28 25 117 email: [email protected]
Contributors - Springer978-94-010-0664...Contributors Adams,Darius;Professor Oregon State University...
Transcript of Contributors - Springer978-94-010-0664...Contributors Adams,Darius;Professor Oregon State University...
Contributors
Adams, Darius; ProfessorOregon State UniversityCollege of Forestry. Dept. of Forest ResourcesCo rvallis. OR 97331-5703USATel: + I 541 737 5504Fax: + I 541 737 [email protected]
Alavalapati, Janaki; ProfessorUniversity of FloridaSchool of Forest Resources and ConservationPO Box 110410Gainesville.FL32611USATel: + I 352 846 0899Fax: + I 352 846 [email protected]
Alvarado Alegria, JoseUrb . Peiiarrota 316004 [email protected]
Angelsen,Arild; ProfessorAgricultural University of NorwayDep t. of Economics and Social SciencesPO Box 50331432 AsNorwayar [email protected]
Antinori, CamilleUniversity of Californ ia. BerkeleyAgricultural and Resource Econom ics325 Giannini HallBerkeley. CA 94720USATel: + I 5 106435415Fax: +15 106438911ant [email protected]
Antonova, Natalia; DrRussianAcademy of Sciences. Far Eastern Div.Economic Research Institute . Div.of Natural Resou rce and Infrastructure ProblemsTikhookeanskaya St.•Office-I 53Khabarovsk 680042RussiaTel: +7 4212 358 883.358 137Fax: +74212358 [email protected]
Barahona,TupacCI Jonqueras 8. 10 20 Escalera B08003 [email protected]
Barkin, David; ProfessorUniversidad Aut6noma MetropolitanaUnidad XochimilkoApartado 23-181Xochim ilko. D.F. 1600MexicoTel: +52 483 7100Fax: +52 483 [email protected]
Boman, Mattias; DrSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesDept. of Forest EconomicsSE-90I 83 UmeaSwedenTel: +46 90 786 5800Fax: +46 90 786 6073mattias [email protected]
Buongiorno, Joseph; ProfessorUniversity of W isconsinDept. of Forest Ecology and Management1630 Linden Dr iveMadison.Wl53706USATel: + I 608 262 0091Fax: + I 608 262 [email protected]
Bystriakova, NadiaEuropean Forest Institute (EFI)Torikatu 34FIN-80 100 JoensuuFinlandTel: +358 13 252 020Fax: +358 13 124393Nad [email protected]
Calder, Ian R.; ProfessorUniversity of NewcastleCentre for Land Use and Water Resources ResearchPorter BuildingNewcastle upon Tyne NE I 7RUUnited KingdomTel: +44 191 222 6563Fax: +44 191 222 6563i.r.calder@ ncl.ac.uk
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Cordell, Ken; DrUSDA Forest ServiceForestry Sciences Laboratory, Fores t Service Research320 Green StreetAthens, GA 30602-2044USATel: + 1 706 SS9 4263Fax. + I 706 S59 [email protected]
Cordova, RaulPursimiehenkatu 23 A 12FIN-OO I50 HelsinkiFinlandTel: [email protected]
Della Senta,Tarcisio; DrUnited Nations University, Institute of Advanced Studies (UNIIlAS)53-70,Jingumae 5-chome, Shibuya-kuTokyoJapanTel:+81 3 5467 2323Fax: +81 3 5467 [email protected]
Diaz Barba,ArmandoUnivers idad Nacional Agrar ia La Molina (UNALM)Av. La Universidad sInLima La MolinaPeru
Dixon, Robert K.Deputy Assistant SecretaryU.S.Department of EnergyOffice of Power Technologies1000, Independence Avenue SWWash ington, D.C. 20585USATel: + 1202 586 9275Fax: + 1202 586 [email protected]
Finegan, Bryan;Associate ProfessorTropical Agricultural Centre for Research and Higher Education (CATIE)Turrialba 7170Costa RicaTel:+506 556 04 0 IFax: +506 556 24 [email protected]
Finley, JamesPennsylvania State UniversitySchool of Forest Resources7 Ferguston Building, University ParkPark PA 16802USATel: + I 8148630401Fax: + 1 [email protected]
Fletcher, Richard E.; ProfessorOregon State UniversityCollege of ForestryCorvall is, OR 97331-5703U5A
Goncalves Ferreira, Maria do SocorroEmbrapa Amazon ia OrientalTrav. Eneas Pinheiro , sIn.Caixa Posta l 48Belem, Para CEP:66.095-100BrazilTel: +91 276 6852Fax: +91 276 [email protected]
Gondo, P.Southern Alliance for Indigenous Resources (SAFIRE)PO Box BE 398, BelvedereHarareZimbabwe
Gonzalez Molina, Javier; ProfessorUniversity of ChileFaculty of Forest SciencesSanta Rosa I 1315La PintanaChileTel: +562 6785707Fax: +562 [email protected]
Gravitis, Janis; ProfessorLatvian State Institute ofWood Chem istry (LSIWC)27 Dzerbenes St.LV-I 006 RigaLatviaTel:+371 7553137Fax: +3717310 [email protected]
Green,GaryUSDA Forest Service320 Green StreetAthens, GA 30602-2044USATel:+ I 706 559 4269Fax: + I 706 559 [email protected]
Hakkila, Pentti; ProfessorVTT EnergiaPL 1606FIN-02044 VTTTel:+358 9 456 6672Fax; +396 9 456 [email protected]
Haley, David; DrUniversity of British ColumbiaFaculty of Forestry, Dept. of Forest Resources ManagementVancouver,B.C.V6T IZ4CanadaTel: + I 604 822 3482Fax: + I 604 822 9106david.haley@ubc .ca
Hatton,Tom; DrCSIRO Land and WaterPrivate BagWembleyWA 6014Australiatom [email protected]
WORLD FORESTS, MARKETS AND POLICIES
Hjerppe. Riitta; ProfessorUniversity of HelsinkiDept. of Social Science HistoryPO Box 54FIN-00014 University of HelsinkiFinlandTel:+3589 191 24951Fax: +358 9 19 1 24924riitta.hjerppe@helsinkLfi
Horst,AlexanderHauptstrasse 59D-22964 [email protected]
Howell, ClaireBureau of Rural SciencesNational Forest InventoryPO Box EllKingston ACT 2604Australia
Humphreys, David: DrThe Open UniversityFaculty of Social SciencesMilton Keynes MK7 6AAUnited KingdomTel.+44 1908 654 488
Hunter, Ian ; DrIntern ational Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR)Anyuan Building,Anhu i Beili, Chaoyang Distr ictBeijing 100I0 1-80ChinaTel: +86 1064956974Fax: +86 10 6495 [email protected]
Jumbe,C.University of MalawiBunda College, Agricultural Policy Research Unit (APRU)PO Box 219LilongweMalawi
Kaimowitz, David; DrCenter for International Forestry Research C1FORPO Box 6596 JKPWBJakarta 10065IndonesiaTel: +62 251 622 622Fax: +62 251 622 [email protected]
Kanninen, Markku; DrTropical Agricultural Centre for Research and Higher Educat ion (CATIE)Programa de lnvesngacion7170 TurrialbaCosta RicaTel;+506556 1754Fax: +506 556 [email protected]
Kant, Shashi; DrUniversity of TorontoFaculty of Forestry33 Willcocks StreetToronto, Ontario M5S 3B3CanadaTel: +4169786 196Fax: +416 978 [email protected]
Kaoneka,Abdallah; Dr.Sokoine University of AgricultureFaculty of ForestryMorogo roTanzania(died year 2000)
Keipi, Kari; DrInter-American Development Bank1300, New YorkAvenue NWWashington, D.C. 20577USATel: + I 202 623 1939Fax: + I 202 623 1786karik@ iadb.org
Kengen, Sebastlao: Dr(IBAMA)Caixa Postal 07-0037Brasilia D.F. 70359·970BrazilTel:+55613803145Fax: +55 61 226 [email protected]
Kiekens, Jean-PierreSustainable Forestry & Certification WatchPO Box 48122Montreal , Q.c.H2V 458CanadaTel: + 1 5142735777Fax: +1 514277 [email protected]
Konijnendijk, Cecil C.; DrDanish Forest and Landscape Research InstituteHoersholm Kongevej I IDK·2970 HoersholmDenmarkTel: +4545 763 200Fax: +4545 [email protected]
Korhonen, KaisaArkadiankatu 16 B 50FIN-OO I00 HelsinkiTel: +358 40 760 1153maija.korhonen@helsinkLfi
Korotkov,AlexanderUnited Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN-ECE)Timber SectionPalais des NationsCH-1211 GenevaSwitzerland .Tel: +41 229172879Fax: [email protected]
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Kowero, Godwin; DrCenter for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), RegionalOfficePO Box MP 167, Mount [email protected]
Kristrom, Bengt; ProfessorSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)Dept. of Forest EconomicsS-90 183 UmeaSwedenTel: +46 90 786 6147Fax: +46 90 786 [email protected]
Laaksonen-Craig, Susanna; DrUniversity of CaliforniaForest Product Laboratory130I South 46th StreetRichmond. CA 94804USA
Lehto, ErkkiWFSE, do Finnish Forest Research Institute (METLA)Unioninkatu 40 AFIN-OO 170 HelsinkiFinlandTel: +358 9 8570 7205Fax: [email protected]
Lobovikov, Maxim; DrInternational Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR)Anyuan Building No. 10,Anhui Beili,Asian Games Village, Chaoyang DistictBranch Box ISS, PO Box 9799Bejing 100101ChinaTel:+86 1064956961 ext.414Fax: +86 10 6495 [email protected]@hotmail .com
Lujan Alvarez, Concepcion; DrUniversidad Aut6noma de ChihuahuaFacultad de Ciencias Agricolas y ForestalesProvada de Avenida Qu inta Sur 1102Cd DeliciasChihuahua c.a 33000MexicoTel: +52 14 729 [email protected]
Mabel, MarianUniversity of California, BerkeleyDept. of Environmental Science, Policy and ManagementBerkeley,Californ ia 94720USATel: +1 5 105484185mmabe/@nature.berkeley.edu
Maclaren, PiersPiers Maclaren & Associates Ltd.I 15 East BeltRangioraNew ZealandTel./Fax:+64 3 313 [email protected]
Mendoza, ReneInstituto de lnvestigacion y Desarrollo de la Universidad Centroamericana (NITLAPAN)Frente a Radio YaManaguaNicaraguaTel: +505 278 0627,278 0628Fax: +505 2670436rene [email protected]
Mery, GerardoFinnish Forest Research Institute (METLA)Unioninkatu 40 AFIN-OO 170 HelsinkiFinlandTel: +358 9 8570 5296Fax: +358 9 8570 [email protected]
Michie, Bruce; DrEuropean Forest Institute (EFI)Torikatu 34FIN-80100JoensuuFinlandTel: +358 [email protected]
Monela, Gerald C .; ProfessorSokoine University of AgricultureFaculty of ForestryPO Box [email protected]
Montgomery, Claire;Associate ProfessorOregon State UniversityCollege of Forestry, Dept. of Forest ResourcesCorvallis, OR 97331-5703USATel: + I 541 737 5533Fax: + I 541 707 [email protected]
Nahantumbo, Isilda; DrEduardo Mondlane UniversityFaculty of Agronomy, Dept. of Forestryc.e [email protected]
Nair, P.K.R.; ProfessorUniversity of FloridaSchool of Forest Resources and ConservationPO Box 110410Gainesville,FL3261 1-0410USATel: + / 352 846 0880Fax: + I 352 846 [email protected]
WORLD FORESTS,MARKETS AND POLICIES
Ndoye.OusseynouCenter for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). RegionalOfficeBP2008YaoundeCameroonTel: +237237434.237522Fax: +237 237 [email protected]
Nygren,Anja;DrUniversity of Missouri-ColumbiaThe Schoolof Natural Resources2030ABNR-BuildingColumbia. [email protected]
Ollonqvist, Pekka; DrFinnish Forest Research Institute (METLA)Unioninkatu 40 AFIN-OO 170HelsinkiTel:+358 9 8570 5739Fax: +358 9 8570 [email protected]
Ottitsch,Andreas; DrEuropean Forest Institute (EFI)Torikatu 34FIN-80 I00 joensuuTel:+358 13 2520 2343Fax: +358 50 364 [email protected]
Pacheco,Pablo;DrCentro de Estudios para el Desarrollo Laboral yAgraria (CEDLA)950 Main StreetWorcester. MA 01610-1477USATel:+1 591 241 2429Fax: + I 591 242 [email protected]
Palahi, MarcEuropean Forest Institute (EFI)Torikatu 34FIN-80 I00 joensuuTel:+358 13 252 [email protected]
Palo, Matti;ProfessorFinnish Forest Research Institute (METLA)Unioninkatu 40 AFIN-OO 170HelsinkiTel:+358 9 8570 5770Fax: +358 9 8570 [email protected]
Parolin, Pia; DrMax-Planck-Institute for LimnologyTropical EcologyPO Box 165D-24302 PionGermanyTel:+49 40 880 1007Fax: +49 40 881 [email protected]
Petrov,AnatolyEducation andTrainingCenter for Forest SpecialistsInstitutskaya Str. 17Pushkino. MoscowDistrict 141200RussiaTel:+70955843644Fax: +7095511 [email protected]
Prins, CornelisTropical Agricultural Centre for Research and Higher Education (CATIE)Sociologia de la Producci6ny la Conservaci6n7170TurrialbaCosta RicaTel: +506 556 6431Fax: +506 556 [email protected]
Rausser, GordonUniversityof California. BerkeleyAgricultural and Resource Economics325 Giannini Hall 3310Berkeley. CA 94720-3310USATel: + I 5106426591Fax: + I [email protected]
Resosudarmo, IdaAju PradnjaCenter for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)Programon the UnderlyingCauses of DeforestationPO Box6596 jKPWBjakarta 10065IndonesiaTel:+62 251 622 622Fax: +62 251 622 [email protected]
Sabogal, Cesar; DrCenter for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)Embrapa Amazonia OrientalTrav. Eneas Pinheiro sInCaixa Postal48Belern, Para.CEP66.095-1 00BrazilTel:+55 91 2766852Fax: +55 [email protected]
Schuck,AndreasEuropean Forest Institute (EFI)Torikatu34FIN-80 I00 joensuuFinlandTel:+358 13252 020Fax: +358 13 [email protected]
Sedjo, Roger; DrResources for the FutureEnergy and Natural Resources Div.1616. P Street NWWashington. D.C.20036USATel: +I 202 328 5065Fax: + I 202 939 [email protected]
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Selanniemi. MarjattaKalasarvagen 27FIN-66 140 Over-MalaxFinlandTel: +35863654164
Sheingauz,Alexander; DrRussian Academy of Sciences , Far Eastern Div.Econom ic Research Institute, Div. of Natural Resource and Infrastructure ProblemsTikhookeanskaya St.Khabarovsk 80042RussiaTel: +7 4212 358 422,358 137Fax: [email protected]
Siles Gonzalez, Gustavo; DrUnivers idad Nacional Aut6noma de Nicaragua663 ManaguaNicaraguaTel: +505 222 3489Fax: +505 222 2027
Smith, Joyotee; DrCenter for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)PO Box 6596 jKPWBjakarta 10065Indones iae.smith@cg iar.org
Sohngen, Brent;Assistant ProfessorOh io State UniversityDept. of Agricultural Econom ics2120 FyffeRoadColumbus, OH 43220USATel:+1614 6884640Fax: + 16142920078sohngen.1 @osu.edu
Spiecker, Heinrich; ProfessorUnivers ity of FreiburgForestry Faculty, Institute for Forest GrowthBertoldstrasse 17D-79085 FreiburgGermanyTel: +49 7612033737Fax: +49 761 203 [email protected]
Sunderlin,William; DrCenter for International Forestry Research (CIFO R)PO Box 6596 jKPWBjakarta 10065Indones iaTel:+62 251 622 622Fax: +62 251 622 100w.sunderlin@cgne t.com
Tomberlin, David; DrI 10 Shaffer Rd.Santa Cruz, CA [email protected]
Toppinen,Anne; DrFinnish Forest Research Institute (METLA)Unioninkatu 40 AFIN-OO 170 HelsinkiTel: +358 9 8570 5726Fax: +358 9 8570 5717anne .topp [email protected]
Uitto, Juha; DrGlobal Environment Facility (GEF)1818, H Street NWWashington, D.C. 2043USATel: + I 202 473 7245Fax: + I 202 522 [email protected]
Uusivuori, Jussi; DrUniversity of Helsinki, Department of Forest EconomicsPO Box 27FIN-OOO 14 HelsinginYliopistoFinlandTel:+3589 19 15 7967Fax: +358 [email protected]
van de Kop, PetraFood and Agriculture Organ isation of the United Nations (FAO)Forestry Department, Community Forestry UnitViale delle Terme di Caracalla00100 RomeItalyTel: +39 06 5705 5075Fax: +39 06 570 5514
Varjo, Jari; DrFinnish Forest Research Institute (METLA)Unioninkatu 40 AFIN-OO 170 HelsinkiFinlandTel: +358 9 8570 5760Fax: +358 9 8570 5717jar [email protected]
Wardle, Philip3 Charles HillElstead, SurreyGU8 6LEUnited KingdomTel: +44 01252702204Fax: [email protected]
Washburn, Michael; DrThe Pennsylvania State UniversitySchool of Forest Resources9th Street SW, 3rd floorWash ington, D.C. 20024USATel: + I 202401 1706sfp@ psu.edu
WORLD FORESTS,MARKETSAND POLICIES
Wood. MellissaBureau of Rural SciencesNational Forest InventoryPOBoxEl1Kingston ACT 2604Austral iaTel: +6 1 2 6272 4680Fax: +61 2 6272 [email protected]
Yirdaw, EshetuUnivers ity of HelsinkiDept. of Forest EcologyPO Box 28FIN-OOO 14 University of HelsinkiFinlandTel:+3589 19158650Fax: +358 9 [email protected]
Young, Carlos Eduardo Frickmann; DrFederal University of Rio de Janeiro (IE-UFRJ)Institute of EconomicsAv. Pasteur 250Rio de Janeiro, CEP 22.290-240BrazilTel:+5521 295 1447Fax. +55 21 541 [email protected]
Yaoqi Zhang. DrUniversity of TorontoFaculty of Forestry33 Willcocks StreetToronto, Ontario M5S 3B3CanadaTel: + I 4169786196Fax: + I 4169783834yaoq [email protected]
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Index
AAcacia spp. 78. 86. 328agroforestry 8. 68--80. 110. 122-124. 127. 129. 130. 236. 285.
323.324.333Amazon49. 108. 123.177. 198.200.246--247.265.269-273.30 I.
304-307Argentina 54. 88. 187.213.216.217.252.299Australia 6. 16--17.44.49.90. 109. 115-118. 128. 155. 171 . 179
183.212.214-217.337.365.368.371.372Austria 174. 182.214.215.417.418.426.433.440.452
BBaltic sea 169. 170Belgium 421. 452birch 154.376.432.458Bolivia41.68.69.126.128.187.194.214.215.233.273.279-287boreal 16. 17,62.86.87. 136. 152. 166. 183. 186.240.375.385.
425.431.460Brazil 7. 9. 18.24.26.40.41.85-92. 122. 123. 134. 160. 171. 177.
178.183.184,187.194.199 .200.212-217.220.233.243-253.257.259.263,265-272.275.299.301.304
Britain7. 166--172.174. 177. 181. 183.184. 189. 193.343.344
CCameroon 90.172.214.215.219-229.329-335Canada 16. 17.44.55.80,82.89-91 . 165. 166. 168. 170, 171 . 178,
180-184.186 .187.189.198-203,211-217.374.388.391.393.407-409.462
canopy I I I, I 12. I16.269.273.274.334.337.350capital flow 5.45. 124. 126carbon
credit 6. 122. 125. 128. 131. 133. 134.368.372.377dioxide. see also CO 2 27,35 .68.77. I 13. 121 . 135-138. 153.431flux. see also carbon sequestration and climate change 6266.122.123 .271sequestration. see also carbon fluxand climate change 9. 36.61-69 .75.76.123.124.128.133.134.236.274.302.358,371.402.432.465.474
catchment. see also watershed management 56, 107-1 13. I 15.117.317.371
cattle. see also grazing 52.74.78.235.236.267,272.275.289-291.312.328.337.368.400
cedar315.403.458.463Central America 87.88. 177.20 Icertification. see also criteria and indicators 6.8.9.41 .92. 186.
189.201.247.253.259.292.295.296 .298.299.302.329.323.334.335.375-384.450.460.465.474.475
charcoal.see also firewood.fuelwood,wood energy 29. 138.245.266.270,273.294.320.328.331
Chile4-6,40. 41. 68. 69.85-90. 92, 180, 194.212.214.215.243246.248-253.257-259.298.299.386,391
China 9. 14.24,34.40.52.53.66,89-91.93. 125. 172. 176. 178.179.187.212.214-217.341.342.345-350.353.354.360-363.368,371 .457,462,465
climate change.see also carbon flux.carbon sequestration 4. 18.37.40.56.62.68.69,75.76. 113. 121 . 122. 124. 125. 134. 136.
146.147.153.166.186.199.201 .301.302.320.405.431 .464CO 2, see also carbon dioxide 23.29.37.68,69. 121 . 127-130.
135.136.138.140.146--148.304.305.429coal 136--138, 140. 142-144. 173. 175. 180. 194.233.457coffee 26.68 .69.74. 150. 160. 177.219.220.222-228.233.270.
273,299 .332.333colonialism 165. 168. 169. 172. 175. 176. 178, 188. 193comparative advantage 4.85.98. 146.356concess ionaire. see also forest concession 10. 176. 189.298coniferous. see also softwood 17. 123. 179.256.403.428.430-
433.458.476contingent valuation 151 . 153-155. 390convention I I. 18. 19.31.40.41.55.56. 113. 121. 122. 136, 145.
166.174.184.186.190.194.196.201 .320.321 .323-325.335 .348.353 .360.362
Costa Rica14.68.69.126.127.129.177.193.232.237.265.272,289.290,299.300
Cote d'ivoire 90.214.215.233.329-335credit. see also financing. interest rate 77.79 .125. 177. 180.228,
232-235.248.272.289.290.322.346.359.382criteria and indicators (C&I) , see also certification 10. 18. 183.
186.188.195.198.199.259.302.335.377.380.470
odecentralisation 12.279,283.284.286.287.315.321 .327.363.
437.439.457.458deciduous, see also hardwoods 108. 155.304.403democratisation 259. 297. 30 1.320.321 .413Denmark 140. 170. 171.216.217.233.416.418.420-422.452desertification. see also land degradation 18.52.87,320devaluation 174.220.221.223.224,226.228.333.462distributional equity 71. 75. 80dynamic optimization 62. 66
Eeconom ic
crisis 5. 27. 219-222. 225. 228. 335. 459-464, 470. 471growth 5.7.36.44.45.53. 175. 179. 180. 189. 190.221.330.371.391.400.437.476incentives 10I. 472. 474. 475reform 221.319.320.353 .355.361.362.460.469.470theory 10. II. 150. 156.342.476
ecosystem management 52.384.386.432.434.469.474ecotourisrn, see also tourism 9. 75. 79. 82. 127. 129.297.299.
300.302.324Ecuador 126.127.129.150.160.214.215,233.299.300.306.307Egypt50.52.53.90. 181.213.216.217emissions trading 121 . 13Iemployment. see also unemployment 24.72.73.77.79.82. 151.
233,235.236 .248,249 .256.257.272,275.292.293.297.319.367.369.389.398,433.440.443-446.450
England 166--171. 181. 196.359environmental services 9.72.249.251.253.254.259.264.267.
268.270.295-297.299-301 .371 .414.416erosion. see also land degradation.soil loss 23.35.37,51 ,52.57 .
76.82.107.108-113.115.123.130.149.171 .259.306.337.338,367-369.371 .372.464
487
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Estonia 182.213-217.416Eucalyptus 31.41.85-88,92.98. 109-111. 116.245-247.251 .
256,337.338,366.371 ,372European forests 425-429,432,434European Union (EU) 15-17.99.102,135-140.175.183, 186.
198,200.2001 ,211 ,212.325.333-335.440.441 ,443,444,452
evaporat ion 29.108.109, 113, 155existence value 76. 151, 154, 155extraction 33. 80. 160.289.299 .333 .366 .367,369 ,375.40 I.459
Ffallow 72-74. 129,224.236,263,264,266-276,312farmer 27, 50.71-73.76-80. 129. 130.219-228,231-237.263
268.270-276.280.281,283,285,289,291 ,296,314,322,327,332.333 ,337,344.346-349,356.359,361 ,368
financial system 471. 472, 474, 476financing. see also cred it. interest rate 125, 133, 188, 189. 196.
197.200.201 ,259,296,300-302.324 .335 .421,437,460,464 .469-471 .473-475
Finland 5. 8, 13, 16, 17.86.97.98, 138-140, 142-144. 152, 153,155,171-174,176.180,194.207 .208,211-217.368,417,418 ,420,421.432,437-440,452.475
fir255 ,346,366.386.403 .430,458firewood. see also charcoal,fuelwood,wood energy 34, 139,245.
266.267,270.273 .294,312.320foreign direct investment (FDI)8.44,97.99-10 I. 251forest
assessment, see also forest invento ry 179, 189,430certification 6.8,9, 189.335,375-380.383concession 129, 184,254.280,281.291 ,292,295.297-299.316.318.323 .332-334,345.359,476economics 182,433.469ecosystems ,see also forest types 9.68 .69, 121.131. 150, 152,159.195.196.239.240,255.257.258.331 ,337,375 ,396.405 ,433,441 .443 ,464,465.469,476exploitation 171 , 190,293, 323, 459growth 425-427,429-433,453industr ies 4-7. 9, 14.17,28,35.37,97-102, 135, 137,138.140.141.175,182,183.189 .196 .201,243.244-246,248,249 ,251,253.254-258.335 ,409,434.437,447inventory,see also forest assessment 188. 195. 198. 199,239,240.333 ,363 .371.388,425,429 .438.453investment 9,258,259.295.298.30 1,437law,see also legislation254.255 ,332,347.361,362,381.419.432,434,474legislation.see also legislation313.460,466.469management 17,36,69,85,110.128,130,161.189,195.219.258.259.268,269.280-285,291,293.296-298,301.302.313.317-319.322.327,329.333-335.342-345.348,353-357,360365,376-379.382.386-389.395.403.405.420.421.425.430434,437,438.453,459.465,471-476policy5. 6. 79, 166, 169, 174, 177, 178,220,239.243.248.249.253.254.255.259,279.285,295,296.301,311.312,315.317320,322-324,328.335.343-345,348.356.385,393,407.418 .419,420.433,437-441,445.453.458,466.469.471 ,475residues 27, 137. 139. 142, 144services 3. 150,252,257,460types,see alsoforest ecosystem 9,10.68.111.196.200,246,377
forest-based development 175.243.244.257,259forestry development 161.244,257,311.315,331 ,361,362.471.
474France 16. 17. 140. 165. 166. 170. 171. 174. 179. 181-185, 187,
193.197,199.204,216,217,233.330.417,452free trade 176.249,360.362fuelwood, see also charcoal, firewood. wood energy 24,72-75.
79.87,123,135,138,140.233.285,293,294,306,313,323.331.333,337.346.358,407,415
GG8Action Programme 165.167.184.185.188.190,195,197.
198.201.202Gabon 90, 214, 215, 329-335gender 77. 289. 323Germany 14,16 .17 ,122 ,140,166.167.172-176.178,179.182
184,187,193,194,197.198.199.212,214-217.317,343 .356,399.418,421 ,425-429.432.433,452.471
Ghana 79. 90, 333global
change 121 . 124. 125.432warming 27. 30. 86, 146. 147
globalisation 3-5 , 13.23,24.35-38.44,45.47.97-102,207.211 .213,243 ,259,302.457-458,469.470
grazing, see also cattle 52, 74, 77, 78. 110, 153,254,255.258.312.327.328.337.338,371 ,400.405,415
growing stock 16. 17, 179,412.425-430.433,437.463,476
Hhardwood . see also deciduous 36,40.41.86.88, 130, 139, 141 ,
180.248 ,256.333.366,371 ,372.391.402.403.408.427.430Honduras 126. 127. 129. 171household 40, 50, 72.75, 77, 79.137, 138.146. 147, 149,150. 152.
154.155 .222-225,226 ,228,234 ,265,289,290.314.315 .327.341,346-349,360.362.390,395.398
hunting152. 154, 156. 289, 306. 307, 316. 345. 358. 360. 396-4 02.415
Iillegal logging 7, 128. 196.20 I, 202, 204, 283. 285. 287India24, 26, 34,73, 75, 79, 90, 108. 109. II I. 125. 151 , 168. 171.
177,187.306,341-345.348-350,368indigenous people 18. 24. 86. 195.283, 287, 297, 306, 307. 315,
459Indonesia5,9, 14, 15,86 .89-93.100, 126, 127.177, 179, 180.187.
198,199 ,202.203,210.212,214,215.219-229,233.235,335industrial roundwood 24,85.87-91 . 138.207.208.209,210.248,
251,252.254-256.325,330.331 ,462inflation 45, 221, 228,475interception 109, 112, 153interest rate, see also credit and interest rate 9.44,62.66.75,
79,232Intergovernmental Panel on Forests (IPF) 10. 18. 19. 183. 185,
186.197.199.204,438Intergovernmental Forum on Forests (IFF) 5. 10. 18, 19. 166,
183,186 ,196.197,201,204,439international trade 18, 36, 85, 97. 167, 178. 184, 196, 20 I. 208,
458,474Ireland 171 ,444,447.449 .452irrigat ion 50,52-55,232,236.402Israel52, 90. 212, 216, 217Italy 17,165.166,174,182-184.187.193,197, 199,203,204,214.
215,413.418.421 ,452.463
JJapan 16.17.26.35,41.45,57.88-90.122,128,165.166.168.
176-181.184 ,187.189. 190.197,198,199 ,207-217.361 .368.371.386.399,457,462.463,465
KKenya 14.90,312,319,324Korea. see also Republic of Korea 45. 156. 178-180, 368. 371.
457.462.463,465Kyoto Protocol 4,30 .61.62,65.76 , I 13,122, 123, 131 , 133, 140.
145,186.190.201.274,301 ,465
WORLD FORESTS,MARKETSAND POLICIES
Lland clearing 224--226. 272. 338land degradation. see also desertification. erosion. soil loss 47.
51.56 .57.78.337 .371land tenure. see also tenure system .property rights 8.9.78.246.
254.258.264 .289 .291.295-297.314.327.337.356.361land use planning 52. 264. 279. 285. 286. 333Latvia32. 170. 182.213 .216 .217leaching 32. 33. 40. 41. 107. 112. 117. 153legislation. see also forest law. forest legislation 8-10. 186.200.
245.279.286.289.311.313-318.320.324.325.327.367.408.460.465 .466.469.472
logging residues 36. 129. 135. 14().-144lumber 36. 92. 129. 135.293.294 .368.387 .388.408.409
MMalawi90.311 .312 .314--324Malaysia 14.26.34.86.90.91. 108. 177. 180.210.212.214.215 .
335.463marginal cost 61. 66. 67. 354. 357. 393.459market incentive 474.476market model 62.65.66.9 1.390Mexico 4.26.41.52.80 .82 .83. 126. 127. 129. 130.175. 177, 187.
193.194.198.199.214--217.220.243.244.248.250.252-259.291.293 .399
mining 11.51. 176. 178. 183.249 .283.284.357 .402Mongolia 52.89.90. 178.465monitoring 4. 10. I I. 18.47. 56. 57. 95. 121 . 128. 185. 188. 189.
195.198.199.202.239 .240.252.259.298.335.356.357.36\.379.421 .423 .475
Mozambique 90. 312-314. 316-320 . 322multinational enterprise (MNE). see also transnational corpo
ration (TNC) 97. 100multiple use 85.265.269.270.275.276.297.298.359.365.367.
399
Nnaval stores 171.181.184naval t imber 169-171.18\Nazi Germany 166.167.172-175.194Netherlands 128.131.177, 181 .193 .216.217,418.4 19.421.452New Zealand 16. 17.40.44.78.85.86.88-90.92.93 . 109. 171 .
180.181.212.214 .215 .365-369.371 .391 .462Nicaragua 263. 265-268 . 272, 273. 279-286. 289Nigeria 42.90. 194.333non-market benefits 71.75 .76non-market value 73. 149.266non-timber forest products (NTFP). see also non-wood forest
products 228. 273. 29Q-294. 333non-wood forest products (NWFP) .see also non-timber forest
products 160.295.296.299Norway 68. 128. 154. 17 1. 452
ooak 169.256.293 .427.458open access 3.4 .7-9. 11 ,75 .77.78.297.317.358.359.361
pPanama 108. I 13. 130. 177peasant 82. 168.234.249.252.254.259.292.314.332 .346 .361.
363Peru 187.252.263.265-268.270.272-274Philippines34. 90. 108. 176. 177. 180.210.212.214.215.233.236Pinus spp.Bs, 111.245.246.366.372 .427 .428plywood 138. 180.209.247.333.459Poland 172, 173. 182. 189.418 .421pollutants 9. 51. 107. 112.429pollut ion 9.24.26. 28. 31. 40. 41. 44. 47--49, 51. 52. 55-57. 112.
125.146.239.306.416 .419.425.440.441 .464Portugal 17.86 .181 .214 .215 .452poverty 5. 11 .72, 146. 160.221 .254 ,257.290.321.323.389private
forests 345.358-360.375.376.378.380.382.383.392.396.406.437ownership II . 17. 101.289.30 I. 346. 358. 359.372, 376. 380.381.383.384
privatisation 9-11. 78. 79.189.257.293 .297 .298.301.302.320.327.328.350.369.372.461 .471
property rights. see also land tenure 3.7. 10.71 .73 .75.77.80.134.151 .236.254.258.289.290.295-298.301.343.353.354.357-363.385 .392.469 .471
protected areas 134. 185. 196.200.253.255.279-281 .283.285.287.291.292.295-298.300.302.316.317.399
publicforests 154.281 .285.359.375.378.380.383 .387.396.402.407.409 .428 .430 .431 .471.474lands 78. 299. 322. 380. 388. 399.40 I. 405ownership 17.78.358 .359 .372participation 125.419.420.422 .423
pulp industry 31.139 .144 .179pulpwood 34.88.92 ,101 .142.174.179.180.371 .372,408
Rrainfall49. 51. 107-112. 115-118, 136.282recreation 37.72, 75. 80. 83. 151-157.259.302.342.365-367.
369.379.395--406.407.415.416 .418--421 .446.450 .458.459reforestation 76.96 . 113. 127-130. 190.245.247.279.281.285-
287.301 .322 .376.379.385.402.407.409.437regional development 443. 444. 446. 450regional economy 385.386.389.391-393.460remote sensing 116.188.189.195 .199 .239 .240renewable energy. see also wood energy 26.27. 135. 137. 139.
142. 143. 146-148Republic of Korea. see also Korea 371.457.462.463.465roundwood 6-8 .24.85.87-91. 138. 140.179-182.207-217.247.
248.251-254.256-258.266.273.293.294.325.330.331.407.425.427.433.438 .459 .462.463.470.473
Royal Navy 167,169-171 .343rubber 26. 32. 34. 74. 88. 150. 160. 177, 180.221 .224--228.289 .
333Russia 4. 5. 14.16.17.41 .89. 100.123 . 126. 127.130.165-172,
178-180.182-185 .187.189.193.197.200.203.213-217.356.368.391.418.426.427.457--460.462--466.469--477
Ssalinisation 50. 52. 107. 112. 115-118. 155sawmill 40.41 .92. 128. 129. 138. 142. 190.246.247.249.256.
258.267.285.298.407sawnwood 7,24.86.99.150.174.179.180.184.208-210.212.
213.215.217.247. 248.25()'-253. 256.258 .273. 330. 331.368.386.440.459.461--463
scarcity 9.52.55. 167. 169-171. 177.237.272.318.328.333.354.358.362.363
secondary forests 68.69.86.92. 123. 129.263-266.276. 299.306
shifting cultivation. see also swidden agriculture 72.74.123.176.237.312
Siberia 86. 182.471softwood. see also coniferous 36.40,41 .86. 180.248.366.371.
372.387.388.391 .408 .409.427.430soil conservation 72.74 . I 10. I 12.299 .300.365so il loss. see also desertification. erosion. land degradation 107.
112South Africa 86.88-92. 108-112. 171 , 183. 198.213-217.324.
337.391South America 49. 66,76 . 86-88. 152. 193.213
489
•
•
490
Soviet Union S3,63,6S, 90,124 ,167,168,172,174,175,182,193 ,194,387,457,458
Spain 16,17,40,86,88,170,175,176,181 ,193 ,194,452spruce 99, 154, 179,403,427--432 ,458stumpage price 7, 8, 188,387,388,390,392,393,408,409,472,
473,475,476sustainable
deveiopment6,I3,I4,I8,I9,28 ,40 ,53 ,56,92,I22,I24,I25,131,133,134,183,195,197,203 ,244,247 ,253,255,259,296 ,287,295 ,306,377,464,474forest management (SFM) 3,5,10, II , 18, 19, 165, 183, 184,188-190,195,196,198-204,239,280,287,292,298,301,324 ,334,335,341 ,350,432,434,438,471forestry23,35,36 ,I28, 137-140, 147,296,297,301 ,329,333335,376-379,381,382,384,425,434,437--439,469--471,474management 6, 53, 57, 127, 128, 195,243,258,274, 322, 329,331,332,383,395 ,425,433,434
Sweden 16,17,41,140,143,144,150,152,153,155,156,170,171 ,174,182,212,214,215,432,440,452
swidden agriculture, see also shiftingcultivation 225,263-266,268-271 ,275
Swiuerland 17,233 ,426,428,452
TTaiwan45, 178-180,371Tanzania 90, 172, 187,311-320,322-324,337taxes 9,100,144,153,180,245,281,282,285,287,297,300 ,314,
360,362 ,371 ,372,381 ,409 ,446,460,470,472,473,475--476taxation 80, 135, 143, 144,20 1,284,285 ,360,362,437,473 ,474technological progress ISO, 160,231 ,233 ,237Tectono grondis 1I I, 130temperate 16, 17,26,62,71 ,73-77,79,80,86,87,95,96, 152,
166,183,186 ,195 ,240 ,254,255 ,271 ,305 ,375,378,391 ,403 ,431
tenure system , see also land tenure, property rights 184, 243,337, 350, 356, 407, 409
Thailand34,45,53 ,90, 123,220,233timber supply 6,85--89,93,100,169-171 ,181 ,240,386-388,
390,391 , 393,430tou rism, see also ecotourism 9, 283, 299, 302, 324, 328, 369,
400--402, 405, 446t ransaction costs 3, 7, 8, 11 ,79,353- 359, 361,362transnational corporation (TNC), see also multinational ente r-
prise (MNE)97, 99transp iration 37, 107, 109, 110, 116, 117, 155,305travel cost method lS I, 154, 155Turkey 90, 170, 194
UUkraine 172, 173,213 ,216, 217unemployment, see also employment 5, 220,249,252, 258, 371,
389United Kingdom 13, 109, 128, 154, 165-167, 169, 182, 184, 187,
197,199,212,377UnitedNations5,45,48,49 ,54,55,I65,I85,I94,I95United States 6, 14, 17,24 ,27,30,33,35,36,41 ,44 ,52 ,77 ,82 ,90 ,
92,93,97,98 ,121 ,123-126,128,133,152,165 ,166-168,170,171 ,174,175-180,182-185,187,193,194,198,212,233,235,244,299,368,375-377,380,382,383 ,385-388,390-393,395399,402--406,409,462,464,465,473
urban forestry 155,413--415,420,421--423,453urban woodland 413--423urbanisation 48, 51, 53, 178, 179,245 ,413,421 ,423 ,451use value 67, ISO, 302
VWvaluation method 155water resource 9,47-57, 107, 108, 113, liS, I 16, I 18,302,317,
397,399watershed management, see also catchment 47, 52West Africa 329,330,333-335wood energy, see also charcoal, firewood, fuelwood, renewable
energy 135,140,142-144,146wood products 36,62,64,76,80,92,127,130,139,247,270,
293-297 ,306,307,371 ,385 ,386,389,390-393,432,457,459,461,474
wood pulp 31,40, 180, 188,208,210,212,215,217,247,248,250-252,258,371 ,440
wood-based panel 7,40, 92, 190,207-210, 212-215, 217, 246,247,248,250-252,256,331,440
woodland ISS, 169,312,314,3 15,317,322,327,328,377,378,413--423
ZZambia 90, 237, 314, 318, 319Zimbabwe 77, 90, 311-322
WORLD FORESTS,MARKETSAND POLICIES