CONTRIBUTIONS OF EARLY CIVILIZATIONS
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Transcript of CONTRIBUTIONS OF EARLY CIVILIZATIONS
CONTRIBUTIONS OF EARLY
CIVILIZATIONSNadzak
6.1
WORDS TO KNOW• Ziggurat• Cunieform• Hammurabi’s Code• Astronomy• Sanskrit• Caste system• pharaoh
Civilization began in an area known as the Fertile Crescent.
• Located near the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf
• Rich soil – shaped like crescent• Eastern section between Tigris & Euphrates =
Mesopotamia – “land between two rivers”• Western section = Mediterranean• Sumerian, Babylonia, Phoenician & Egyptian
cultures evolved here
Civilization began in an area known as the ________________.
• Located near the eastern shore of the _________________ Sea to the _______Gulf• Rich soil – shaped like ___________• Eastern section between ___________ &
_____________= _____________ – “land between two rivers”• Western section = Mediterranean• ________ & _________ & __________ &
______________cultures evolved here
Civilizations have 4 characteristics
• Surplus of food – leads to trade• Division of labor – different types of
jobs• Organized institutions – gov’t,
religion• System of written communication –
cuneiform, hieroglyphics, Sanskrit
Ask a partner!
Civilizations have 4 characteristics• Surplus of food – leads to ________• _______________– different types
of jobs• Organized institutions include
_______ & ______________• System of written communication –
___________ & _____________ & ___________________
Sumerians• 1st people in Fertile Crescent• 3500 – 2000 BC(BCE = before common era)• Farmed & raised cattle• Traders & artists• Built temples & monuments called ziggurats• Cuneiform = wedge-shaped• Studied science & math & developed calendar• Army used complex weapons made of metal
Sumerians• 1st people in ____________________• ______________ BC(BCE = before common
era)• Farmed & raised _______________• Traders & _________________• Built temples & monuments called _________• _______________= wedge-shaped• Studied __________ & ____________&
developed ____________________• Army used complex weapons made of ______
Babylonians• Babylon located on Euphrates
River – capital & impt center for trade & religion• Hammurabi’s Code (1792 – 1750
BC)• Believed in astrology – led to
astronomy = study of universe
Babylonians• Babylon located on ______ River –
capital & impt center for _________ & ____________• ______________ Code (1792 – 1750
BC)• Believed in astrology – led to
______________ = study of universe
Can you remember
this stuff?
How many facts can you say in 10 seconds?
Indus valley civilization(mohenjo-daro)
Phoenicians• Lived in city-states along Mediterranean
coast (1200 – 800 BC)• Not much land to farm so became most
famous traders of ancient world• Skilled shipbuilders & were good sailors• Used stars to travel by night• Traded wool, papyrus, ivory & glass• Invented alphabet similar to ours – passed
onto Greeks
Phoenicians• Lived in city-states along
________________coast (1200 – 800 BC)• Not much land to farm so became most
famous ___________ of ancient world• Skilled _______________ & were good sailors• Used _________to travel by night• Traded ________ & ___________ & ______ &
_________• Invented ___________similar to ours – passed
onto Greeks
Egyptians• Nile River valley civilizations• One of oldest & longest lasting civilizations of world• Developed advanced civilization• Built cities, invented hieroglyphics & created large
monuments (pyramids)• Had many nat’l barriers that protected it from invasion =
deserts in west & east – Red Sea in east & Mediterranean Sea in north
• Flooding of Nile = fertile land for crops – led to surplus of food – made Egyptians RICH!
• Nile made it easy to travel • Religion impt – polytheistic• Rulers = pharaohs
Kingdoms of Egypt
• OLD KINGDOM – gov’t developed, pyramids built, mummification
• MIDDLE KINGDOM – Egypt conquered Nubia, invaded Syria & Palestine – pharaohs drained swamps to provide more land – built canal to connect Nile to Red Sea
• NEW KINGDOM – Egypt created empire – first female pharaoh, Hatshepsut – monotheistic under Amenhotep IV
Are you paying attention?
Indus River Valley• 3000 BC – 1500 BC• 2 major cities = Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro• Civilizations lasted for hundred of yrs and were
advanced• Excavation revealed houses with plumbing connected
to street sewers & large walled cities & mud brick bldgs• Well-organized gov’t• Harrappan rulers based power on religion• Economy based on farming & herding• Indus River Valley flooded – rich soil• Traded with Mesopotamia
Indus River Valley• __________ to ___________ BC• 2 major cities = _________ & ______________• Civilizations lasted for hundred of yrs and were
________________• Excavation revealed houses with __________ connected
to street sewers & large walled cities & _______________bldgs
• Well-organized _____________• Harrappan rulers based power on __________• _____________ based on farming & herding• _____________________flooded – rich soil• Traded with ______________________
Aryans• 1500 BC nomads, the Aryans, migrated to Indus River
Valley• Conquered Harappans & created new Indian society
based on their own culture• Aryans’ religious beliefs helped form Hinduism• Carefully planned cities that included farming &
herding• Used irrigation & grew variety of crops (rice, millet,
wheat & barley)• By 1000 BC developed new form of writing, Sanskrit• System of social classes called Caste System
Aryans• 1500 BC __________, the Aryans, migrated to
_________________________• Conquered _______________ & created new Indian
society based on their own culture• Aryans’ religious beliefs helped form _________• Carefully planned ___________ that included farming &
herding• Used irrigation & grew variety of crops including _______
& _________ & __________- & _________• By 1000 BC developed new form of writing,
_______________________• System of social classes called _________________
Hey YOU in the back row – WAKE UP!
Huang He River Valley• Also called Yellow River Valley• Along 2 rivers = Huang He
(Yellow) & Chang Jiang (Long)• Chinese civilization began with
Xia Dynasty over 4000 yrs ago – not much known about this dynasty
Earn WOW pts by finding out what this is?
Huang He River Valley• Also called ______ River Valley• Along 2 rivers = _______(Yellow)
& Chang Jiang (_________)• Chinese civilization began with
_____ Dynasty over 4000 yrs ago – not much known about this dynasty
Shang Dynasty• Replaced Xia Dynasty• Included an aristocracy whose wealth was based on land• Power passed from generation to generation• Shang king ruled kingdom divided into territories with
warlords in charge of each territory• Kings chose warlord leaders & could remove them• By controlling warlords, king controlled large armies
which protected his territory• Early Chinese had strong belief in life after death• Majority of Chinese were peasants who farmed land
owned by aristocrats – some were merchants & artisans known for bronze artwork
Shang Dynasty• Replaced _______ Dynasty• Included an _________ whose wealth was based on land• Power passed from ___________ to __________• Shang king ruled kingdom divided into ________ with
________in charge of each territory• Kings chose warlord leaders & could ______ them• By controlling warlords, king controlled
_________________________________• Early Chinese had strong belief in ____after ____• Majority of Chinese were __________ who farmed land
owned by aristocrats – some were merchants & artisans known for ___________artwork
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