CONTRIBUTIONS OF EARLY

CIVILIZATIONSNadzak

6.1

WORDS TO KNOW• Ziggurat• Cunieform• Hammurabi’s Code• Astronomy• Sanskrit• Caste system• pharaoh

Civilization began in an area known as the Fertile Crescent.

• Located near the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf

• Rich soil – shaped like crescent• Eastern section between Tigris & Euphrates =

Mesopotamia – “land between two rivers”• Western section = Mediterranean• Sumerian, Babylonia, Phoenician & Egyptian

cultures evolved here

Civilization began in an area known as the ________________.

• Located near the eastern shore of the _________________ Sea to the _______Gulf• Rich soil – shaped like ___________• Eastern section between ___________ &

_____________= _____________ – “land between two rivers”• Western section = Mediterranean• ________ & _________ & __________ &

______________cultures evolved here

Civilizations have 4 characteristics

• Surplus of food – leads to trade• Division of labor – different types of

jobs• Organized institutions – gov’t,

religion• System of written communication –

cuneiform, hieroglyphics, Sanskrit

Ask a partner!

Civilizations have 4 characteristics• Surplus of food – leads to ________• _______________– different types

of jobs• Organized institutions include

_______ & ______________• System of written communication –

___________ & _____________ & ___________________

Sumerians• 1st people in Fertile Crescent• 3500 – 2000 BC(BCE = before common era)• Farmed & raised cattle• Traders & artists• Built temples & monuments called ziggurats• Cuneiform = wedge-shaped• Studied science & math & developed calendar• Army used complex weapons made of metal

Sumerians• 1st people in ____________________• ______________ BC(BCE = before common

era)• Farmed & raised _______________• Traders & _________________• Built temples & monuments called _________• _______________= wedge-shaped• Studied __________ & ____________&

developed ____________________• Army used complex weapons made of ______

Babylonians• Babylon located on Euphrates

River – capital & impt center for trade & religion• Hammurabi’s Code (1792 – 1750

BC)• Believed in astrology – led to

astronomy = study of universe

Babylonians• Babylon located on ______ River –

capital & impt center for _________ & ____________• ______________ Code (1792 – 1750

BC)• Believed in astrology – led to

______________ = study of universe

Can you remember

this stuff?

How many facts can you say in 10 seconds?

Indus valley civilization(mohenjo-daro)

Phoenicians• Lived in city-states along Mediterranean

coast (1200 – 800 BC)• Not much land to farm so became most

famous traders of ancient world• Skilled shipbuilders & were good sailors• Used stars to travel by night• Traded wool, papyrus, ivory & glass• Invented alphabet similar to ours – passed

onto Greeks

Phoenicians• Lived in city-states along

________________coast (1200 – 800 BC)• Not much land to farm so became most

famous ___________ of ancient world• Skilled _______________ & were good sailors• Used _________to travel by night• Traded ________ & ___________ & ______ &

_________• Invented ___________similar to ours – passed

onto Greeks

Egyptians• Nile River valley civilizations• One of oldest & longest lasting civilizations of world• Developed advanced civilization• Built cities, invented hieroglyphics & created large

monuments (pyramids)• Had many nat’l barriers that protected it from invasion =

deserts in west & east – Red Sea in east & Mediterranean Sea in north

• Flooding of Nile = fertile land for crops – led to surplus of food – made Egyptians RICH!

• Nile made it easy to travel • Religion impt – polytheistic• Rulers = pharaohs

Kingdoms of Egypt

• OLD KINGDOM – gov’t developed, pyramids built, mummification

• MIDDLE KINGDOM – Egypt conquered Nubia, invaded Syria & Palestine – pharaohs drained swamps to provide more land – built canal to connect Nile to Red Sea

• NEW KINGDOM – Egypt created empire – first female pharaoh, Hatshepsut – monotheistic under Amenhotep IV

Are you paying attention?

Indus River Valley• 3000 BC – 1500 BC• 2 major cities = Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro• Civilizations lasted for hundred of yrs and were

advanced• Excavation revealed houses with plumbing connected

to street sewers & large walled cities & mud brick bldgs• Well-organized gov’t• Harrappan rulers based power on religion• Economy based on farming & herding• Indus River Valley flooded – rich soil• Traded with Mesopotamia

Indus River Valley• __________ to ___________ BC• 2 major cities = _________ & ______________• Civilizations lasted for hundred of yrs and were

________________• Excavation revealed houses with __________ connected

to street sewers & large walled cities & _______________bldgs

• Well-organized _____________• Harrappan rulers based power on __________• _____________ based on farming & herding• _____________________flooded – rich soil• Traded with ______________________

Aryans• 1500 BC nomads, the Aryans, migrated to Indus River

Valley• Conquered Harappans & created new Indian society

based on their own culture• Aryans’ religious beliefs helped form Hinduism• Carefully planned cities that included farming &

herding• Used irrigation & grew variety of crops (rice, millet,

wheat & barley)• By 1000 BC developed new form of writing, Sanskrit• System of social classes called Caste System

Aryans• 1500 BC __________, the Aryans, migrated to

_________________________• Conquered _______________ & created new Indian

society based on their own culture• Aryans’ religious beliefs helped form _________• Carefully planned ___________ that included farming &

herding• Used irrigation & grew variety of crops including _______

& _________ & __________- & _________• By 1000 BC developed new form of writing,

_______________________• System of social classes called _________________

Hey YOU in the back row – WAKE UP!

Huang He River Valley• Also called Yellow River Valley• Along 2 rivers = Huang He

(Yellow) & Chang Jiang (Long)• Chinese civilization began with

Xia Dynasty over 4000 yrs ago – not much known about this dynasty

Earn WOW pts by finding out what this is?

Huang He River Valley• Also called ______ River Valley• Along 2 rivers = _______(Yellow)

& Chang Jiang (_________)• Chinese civilization began with

_____ Dynasty over 4000 yrs ago – not much known about this dynasty

Shang Dynasty• Replaced Xia Dynasty• Included an aristocracy whose wealth was based on land• Power passed from generation to generation• Shang king ruled kingdom divided into territories with

warlords in charge of each territory• Kings chose warlord leaders & could remove them• By controlling warlords, king controlled large armies

which protected his territory• Early Chinese had strong belief in life after death• Majority of Chinese were peasants who farmed land

owned by aristocrats – some were merchants & artisans known for bronze artwork

Shang Dynasty• Replaced _______ Dynasty• Included an _________ whose wealth was based on land• Power passed from ___________ to __________• Shang king ruled kingdom divided into ________ with

________in charge of each territory• Kings chose warlord leaders & could ______ them• By controlling warlords, king controlled

_________________________________• Early Chinese had strong belief in ____after ____• Majority of Chinese were __________ who farmed land

owned by aristocrats – some were merchants & artisans known for ___________artwork

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