CONTRIBUTIONS OF EARLY CIVILIZATIONS

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CONTRIBUTIONS OF EARLY CIVILIZATIONS Nadzak 6.1

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CONTRIBUTIONS OF EARLY CIVILIZATIONS. Nadzak 6.1. WORDS TO KNOW. Ziggurat Cunieform Hammurabi’s Code Astronomy Sanskrit Caste system pharaoh. Civilization began in an area known as the Fertile Crescent. Located near the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of CONTRIBUTIONS OF EARLY CIVILIZATIONS

Page 1: CONTRIBUTIONS OF EARLY CIVILIZATIONS

CONTRIBUTIONS OF EARLY

CIVILIZATIONSNadzak

6.1

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WORDS TO KNOW• Ziggurat• Cunieform• Hammurabi’s Code• Astronomy• Sanskrit• Caste system• pharaoh

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Civilization began in an area known as the Fertile Crescent.

• Located near the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf

• Rich soil – shaped like crescent• Eastern section between Tigris & Euphrates =

Mesopotamia – “land between two rivers”• Western section = Mediterranean• Sumerian, Babylonia, Phoenician & Egyptian

cultures evolved here

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Civilization began in an area known as the ________________.

• Located near the eastern shore of the _________________ Sea to the _______Gulf• Rich soil – shaped like ___________• Eastern section between ___________ &

_____________= _____________ – “land between two rivers”• Western section = Mediterranean• ________ & _________ & __________ &

______________cultures evolved here

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Civilizations have 4 characteristics

• Surplus of food – leads to trade• Division of labor – different types of

jobs• Organized institutions – gov’t,

religion• System of written communication –

cuneiform, hieroglyphics, Sanskrit

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Ask a partner!

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Civilizations have 4 characteristics• Surplus of food – leads to ________• _______________– different types

of jobs• Organized institutions include

_______ & ______________• System of written communication –

___________ & _____________ & ___________________

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Sumerians• 1st people in Fertile Crescent• 3500 – 2000 BC(BCE = before common era)• Farmed & raised cattle• Traders & artists• Built temples & monuments called ziggurats• Cuneiform = wedge-shaped• Studied science & math & developed calendar• Army used complex weapons made of metal

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Sumerians• 1st people in ____________________• ______________ BC(BCE = before common

era)• Farmed & raised _______________• Traders & _________________• Built temples & monuments called _________• _______________= wedge-shaped• Studied __________ & ____________&

developed ____________________• Army used complex weapons made of ______

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Babylonians• Babylon located on Euphrates

River – capital & impt center for trade & religion• Hammurabi’s Code (1792 – 1750

BC)• Believed in astrology – led to

astronomy = study of universe

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Babylonians• Babylon located on ______ River –

capital & impt center for _________ & ____________• ______________ Code (1792 – 1750

BC)• Believed in astrology – led to

______________ = study of universe

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Can you remember

this stuff?

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How many facts can you say in 10 seconds?

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Indus valley civilization(mohenjo-daro)

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Phoenicians• Lived in city-states along Mediterranean

coast (1200 – 800 BC)• Not much land to farm so became most

famous traders of ancient world• Skilled shipbuilders & were good sailors• Used stars to travel by night• Traded wool, papyrus, ivory & glass• Invented alphabet similar to ours – passed

onto Greeks

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Phoenicians• Lived in city-states along

________________coast (1200 – 800 BC)• Not much land to farm so became most

famous ___________ of ancient world• Skilled _______________ & were good sailors• Used _________to travel by night• Traded ________ & ___________ & ______ &

_________• Invented ___________similar to ours – passed

onto Greeks

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Egyptians• Nile River valley civilizations• One of oldest & longest lasting civilizations of world• Developed advanced civilization• Built cities, invented hieroglyphics & created large

monuments (pyramids)• Had many nat’l barriers that protected it from invasion =

deserts in west & east – Red Sea in east & Mediterranean Sea in north

• Flooding of Nile = fertile land for crops – led to surplus of food – made Egyptians RICH!

• Nile made it easy to travel • Religion impt – polytheistic• Rulers = pharaohs

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Kingdoms of Egypt

• OLD KINGDOM – gov’t developed, pyramids built, mummification

• MIDDLE KINGDOM – Egypt conquered Nubia, invaded Syria & Palestine – pharaohs drained swamps to provide more land – built canal to connect Nile to Red Sea

• NEW KINGDOM – Egypt created empire – first female pharaoh, Hatshepsut – monotheistic under Amenhotep IV

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Are you paying attention?

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Indus River Valley• 3000 BC – 1500 BC• 2 major cities = Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro• Civilizations lasted for hundred of yrs and were

advanced• Excavation revealed houses with plumbing connected

to street sewers & large walled cities & mud brick bldgs• Well-organized gov’t• Harrappan rulers based power on religion• Economy based on farming & herding• Indus River Valley flooded – rich soil• Traded with Mesopotamia

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Indus River Valley• __________ to ___________ BC• 2 major cities = _________ & ______________• Civilizations lasted for hundred of yrs and were

________________• Excavation revealed houses with __________ connected

to street sewers & large walled cities & _______________bldgs

• Well-organized _____________• Harrappan rulers based power on __________• _____________ based on farming & herding• _____________________flooded – rich soil• Traded with ______________________

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Aryans• 1500 BC nomads, the Aryans, migrated to Indus River

Valley• Conquered Harappans & created new Indian society

based on their own culture• Aryans’ religious beliefs helped form Hinduism• Carefully planned cities that included farming &

herding• Used irrigation & grew variety of crops (rice, millet,

wheat & barley)• By 1000 BC developed new form of writing, Sanskrit• System of social classes called Caste System

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Aryans• 1500 BC __________, the Aryans, migrated to

_________________________• Conquered _______________ & created new Indian

society based on their own culture• Aryans’ religious beliefs helped form _________• Carefully planned ___________ that included farming &

herding• Used irrigation & grew variety of crops including _______

& _________ & __________- & _________• By 1000 BC developed new form of writing,

_______________________• System of social classes called _________________

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Hey YOU in the back row – WAKE UP!

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Huang He River Valley• Also called Yellow River Valley• Along 2 rivers = Huang He

(Yellow) & Chang Jiang (Long)• Chinese civilization began with

Xia Dynasty over 4000 yrs ago – not much known about this dynasty

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Earn WOW pts by finding out what this is?

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Huang He River Valley• Also called ______ River Valley• Along 2 rivers = _______(Yellow)

& Chang Jiang (_________)• Chinese civilization began with

_____ Dynasty over 4000 yrs ago – not much known about this dynasty

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Shang Dynasty• Replaced Xia Dynasty• Included an aristocracy whose wealth was based on land• Power passed from generation to generation• Shang king ruled kingdom divided into territories with

warlords in charge of each territory• Kings chose warlord leaders & could remove them• By controlling warlords, king controlled large armies

which protected his territory• Early Chinese had strong belief in life after death• Majority of Chinese were peasants who farmed land

owned by aristocrats – some were merchants & artisans known for bronze artwork

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Shang Dynasty• Replaced _______ Dynasty• Included an _________ whose wealth was based on land• Power passed from ___________ to __________• Shang king ruled kingdom divided into ________ with

________in charge of each territory• Kings chose warlord leaders & could ______ them• By controlling warlords, king controlled

_________________________________• Early Chinese had strong belief in ____after ____• Majority of Chinese were __________ who farmed land

owned by aristocrats – some were merchants & artisans known for ___________artwork

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Silk Road

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You need your BOOK tomorrow!

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Read chapter 4!

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Honey I Love You!

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