CONTRIBUTION OF NEHRU FAMILY TO

INDIAN POLITICS

ANAI\INOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT

FOR THE DEGREE OF

M. Lib. Sc. 1986-87

Under the Supervision of

Prof. NOORUL HASAN KHAN CHAIRMAN DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH

MOHD. SULTAN OMER 86 M. Lib. 08

En. No,,-N 9207

DS1435 •

A

- 4 JAC 1990 <ry

Dedfcated to Ml/ Lovfng Parents

Who have alu/aqs been a Source of (nspfratfon for me

Jawaharlal Nehru

Motilal Nehru

Three Generations of

Congress Presidents

Indira Gandhi

C O N T E N T S

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . i - i i

To the Reader . . . i i i - v

Introduction . . . 1 - 2 4

Abrivations . . . 2 5 - 2 7

List of Subject headings . . . 2 8 - 3 0

Bibliography . . . 31 - 150

Author Index . . . 151 - 158

Title Index . . . 159 - 169

A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S

I t i s my p l e a s a n t duty t o express, my g r a t i t u d e towards

t h o s e from whom I have rece ived he lp and moral encouragement in

w r i t i n g the d i s s e r t a t i o n .

I am deeply indebted and g r a t e f u l t o my supervisor^ a

t i t a n in the s u b j e c t . Prof. NuORUL HASAN KHAN, Un ive r s i t y

L i b r a r i a n and Chairman Department of Library Science, A.M.U.

For me he has spared h i s va luab le t ime from h i s bussy schedule

and guided and encouraged me a t every s tage of work. Under h is

a b l e guidance I have l e a r n t not only t h e i n t r i c a c i e s of the

s u b j e c t but a l s o the sys temat ic way of working which can be an

a s s e t in every sphere of future l i f e .

I am h igh ly obl iged t o my esteemed t e a c h e r s for f u r n i ­

s h i n g me with t h e d e t a i l s of the soiorce m a t e r i a l for t h e

d i s s e r t a t i o n and for the va luab le sugges t ions they gave me in

t h e compila t ion of t h i s work.

I a l s o fee l obl iged t o Mr. Abrar Ahmed, Coaching &

Guidence Centre , A.M.U. for h i s c r i t i c a l obse rva t ion on the work,

I am a l s o beholden t o my f r iends M, Ahsan Khan, Najam

-^la Naqvi, Mohd. Shar i f 'Nawab' and Mrs Zubaida Habeeb for

i n s p i r i n g me with t h e i r s p r i t of a f f e c t i o n and l o v e .

I am a l s o thankful t o the s t a f f of I.C.W.A., Sapru

House u S taf f of Nehru Memorial Museum and Library , Teen Murti

House, New De lh i .

Last but not l e a s t thanks a r e due, t o Mr. Baquer A l i

Khan and Mr, Mas i tu l l ah Maulana Azad Librgry and t o Mr. Moin

Siddique and Khawaja Moin for p rov id ing the source m a t e r i a l s ,

a l s o t o Mr. H.S. Shartna who typed the d i s s e r t a t i o n with ca re

and accuracy .

How ever i f Mistakes a re l e f t they a re e n t i r e l y of

ray own.

Dated : MOHD. SULTAN OMER

TO THE READER

The p r e s e n t d i s s e r t a t i o n i s an assignment towards the

K .L ib .Sc . Course from Muslim Univers i ty , Ai iga rh (U.P.) under

the T i t l e : Cont r ibu t ion of Nehru i'amily t o ^ndian P o l i t i c s , i s

concerned with t h e i r l i r e and p o l i c i e s i n va r ious s p h e r e s .

I t cover a r t i c l e s on :

i ) Moti ^a l Nehru

i i ) Jawahar Lai Nehru

i i i ) I nd i r a Gandhi

SCOPE AND SOURCE OF INFOttMATIQK

This Bibl iography includes 272 e n t r i e s which a r e not

comprehensive but a re f a i r l y r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of s u b j e c t , A

survey of the l i t e r a t u r e a v a i l a b l e on the sub j ec t in I n d i a n

Council of world A t f a i r ; Nehru wemorail museum and L ib ra ry ,

New Delhi and Maulana Azad Library, A . M . U , Ai igarh i s made.

STANDARD FOLLO'/ffiD

As fa r as p o s s i b l e , I have followed Indian Standard

recommended for bibliographjjrcal r e f e r e n c e . But in c e r t a i n cases

I have p re fe red my own judgement.

ABSTRACTS

The entries in the bibliography contain abstracts giving

the essential infonnation about the article documented. Most

of the abstracts are semi informative but in few cases these

are indicative where the article is the too long and necessary

information could not be provided within few lines.

ARRANGEWiENTS

I have arranged the e n t r i e s i n wel l defined

s u b j e c t headings . Though I have taken t h e he lp of c l a s s i ­

f i c a t i o n schemes but for f u r t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n he ipfu l

sequence guided by p o s t u l a t e s and p r i n c i p l e s , has been

used, sub j ec t lireadings a r e thus cons t ruc t ed t o he lp the

c o n s u l t a n t s of the b i c l i o g r a p h y . Al l s u b j e c t headings a r e

a r ranged i n chronologica l o r d e r .

The e n t r i e s a re s e r i a l l y numbered and tJie fol lowing

i tems of information a re contained i n e n t r i e s : -

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

J

k

1

m

n

o

S e r i a l No.

Name of Author

Fu l l s t o p ( . )

T i t l e of the c o n t r i b u t i o n inc lud ing s u b - t i t l e s

Fu l l s top (.)

T i t l e of p e r i o d i c a l in a b r i v a t e d form and under l i n e ^ .

F u l l s top (.)

Volume No.

Comma

I J s u e M number

Semi colon

Date, month and yea r

Semi colon

Pages

Fu l l s t o p .

or

I) In

II) Colon (:)

III) Name of the

IV) Full stop(.)

V) J-'ame of the composit book

PART ONE INTRODUCTION

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1

MOTIIAL NEFRU

Piindered Twenty s i x years ago, on i-By 6, 1861, Pandi t

M o t i l a l Nfehru was born a t Agra, Jfe v^s t h e youngest son of

pand i t Gangadhar Nehru who had been the Kotwal of Ee lh i '

. Mot i l a l born 3 month's l a t e r a f t e r t h e death of h i s

f a t h e r a t t h e age of 34. Mot i l a l was brought up under the

loving c a r e of h is immediate e l d e r b r o t h e r Nandlal ,

Jfe was edxicated a t t h e gov t , school a t Allahabad and

Kanpur and the Muir. c e n t r a l c o l l e g e . His e a r l y educa t ion was

confined e n t i r e l y t o p e r s i a n and Arabic and a t h i s teenage he

was cons idered t o he a good p e r s i a n s c h o l a r , Ife was never

s e r i o u s about his s t u d i e s and took more i n t e r e s t in game and

novel adven tu re s . Hs passed through h is va r ious u n i v e r s i t y

examinat ions without any s p e c i a l d i s t i n c t i o n . But in B.A, a f t e r

f i r s t paper he dropped r e s t of t he papers as he was expec t ing

not t o pass in t h a t pape r . This ended M o t i l a l ' s Un ive r s i t y c a r e e r .

He chose law as a p ro fes s ion and appeared fo r the High c o u r t s

v a k i l examinat ion . Pfe had topped the l i s t and got a gold meflal.

Ffe had been married t o S r i j u k t a Swarup Rani Devi in

1888, Swarup Rani was a g i f t ed and accomplished brahman Lady,

and proved herse l f a worthy mate of her noble husiband. Their

married l i f e was a happy one. They had one son, P t , Jawahar la l

(1889) and two daughters Vijay lanmi (1900) and Krishna Nehru

(1907) .

Hs Started his prac t ice in d i s t r i c t court of Kanpur in

1883 and af te r serving his apparenticeship for 3 years he moved

to Ailaliabad t o work in the Hic^ coxirt on the advice of E>t.

Pr i th iv ina th Nabh. In Allahabad he worked with his brother for

a short period. After the death of Nandlal his dearly loved

e lder brother , he plunged in to his profession. Soon he had

notime for any other a c t i v i t y , public or p r iva te . In the due

coiurse of time he had taken firm grip of the ladder of success

and rung by rung he mounted higher, not by anyones favour, as

he f e l t , not by any service of another, but by his own wi l l and

i n t e l l e c t ,

Hs was a reformist on his re turn from Europe (1900) .

ffe refused to perform Prayashchit or pur i f ica t ion ceromony or to

submit in any way.

Slowly he was a t t rac ted to the p o l i t i c s of India and

joined the moderates, Ife presided over a provincial conference

(1907), ffe also became the President of U.P, provential congress

committee.

On the inauguration of the Morley-Minto reforms in

1909 he thought f i t t o pa r t i c ipa te more ectivfty in public l i f e ,

and became a member of the United Provinces Legislative Council.

In Legislat ive council Pandit Motilal went on f ight ing for

Peoples r igh t s and against bureaucratic ^agar ies ,

Motilal had not wanted to jo in ffome Rule I*ague, but

in 1917, the internment of Mrs Besant by Madras govt, provoked

him. He became the president of the Allahabad branch of the

Ffome Rule League and presided over a provincial conference

convened to protes t against the interment. In Augusit 1918, he

parted company with his moderate f r i ends . At the end of the

year he a c t i v i l y pa r t i c ipa ted , in the proceedings of the

Bombay congress which demanded radical changes in the Montagu-

Chelmsford reforms.

On february 5, Wednesday, Motilal s ta r ted a da i ly news

paper, "The Independent". I t lived for three adventurous years ,

i t had several ed i tors and managers in tlvtt period, i t went

through many changes in content and s t y l e , and i t had moments

of b r i l l i a n c e . It closed ear ly in the 1923.

Motilal elected to preside 1919 congress session

(Amritsar) . There he was in the centre of the gathering strem

which pulled down many familiar landmarks during the following

years .

At the special session of the congress held a t Calcutta

in August 1920 Motilal Joined the non cooperation movement. The

resolu t ion was moved by Mahatma Gandhi and was passed by a large

majority. The decision of Pt. Motilal Nehru to jo in the movement

put a new l i f e in to i t and appealed to the Imagincition of the

people of India, i t w i l l not be exaggeration if say tha t the

success of non cooperation movement in i t s ear ly stages was due

t o presence of Motilal and C.R. tes.

In December 1921 Motilal was a^^ected and senteoed to

six months Imprisonment, When Motilal came out of goal in the

summer of 1922, he found that the movement had declined, the

congress organisation was distracted by internal differences.

At this time Motilal and C.R. Das had founded the swaraj party

in 1923. arty contested the elections at the end of the

year and emerged as the largest party in the central legislative

assembly Motilal was the leader of opposition in the council.

It would be difficult for anyone to recount the services of

Pt, Motilal as the leader of Swaraj Party in the legislative

council•

In September 1925 Motilal put forward in the assembly the

famous national demand. But govt, made it clear that they were

not going to accept it. A special committee appointed by the

congress at Kanpur interpreted the viceroy's inaugural address

and the statements of the Home Member in tl^ Asseimbly and the

council of state to imply refusal to conceed national demand.

The AICC in march 1926, called upon the Swarajist members to

withdrew from the various legislatures.

On 8th March 1926 Motilal with whole of hj^ Swaraj Party

walked out of the Legislative Assembly. This action was followed

in the council of state and in the U.P. and Bengal councils.

On November 8, 1927, with the appointment of the siraon

commission there came a political revival. There were no Indians

on the commission and the committees of Indian legislatures

that wer« introduced as an after thought were merely consul­

ting bodies. This brought a vast majority of leaders of various

schools of political thought on a common platefo.nn against the

simon commission. The AICC appointed a working cotnnittee, headed

by Motilal, to frame a constitution for free India. The committee

drew up a constitution for India, complete in all details, and

submitted what is known as 'itehru Report',

In view of the momentous crisis facing the country,

Pt. Motilal Nehru again called upon to preside over the Indian

National Congress held in Calcutta, in Dec, 1928, This congress

was the scene of head-on clash between those who were prepared

to accept dominion status and those who wanted complete Indepen­

dence, A split was averted by a via media proposed by Gandhiji,

according to which if Britain did not concede Dominion status

within a year, the congress was to demand complete independence,

and to fight for it, if necessary by launching civil disobedience

When Jawaharlal arrested in 1930 he nominated Motilal to

succeed him as congress President until he was released, Motilal

accepted the offer and carried his onerous duty with unpreceden­

ted zeal even in his old age. But he was arrested in July 1930

and sentenced to six motth's simple imprisonment and sent to

^aini Central Jail. But due to sharp detoriation in his health

he was soon released.

He was taken to Calcutta t o voyage outside India for his

treatment with one doctor, but his heal th was so bad t h a t he

u l t imate ly returned to Allahabad. At Allahabad his condition

be come gradually worse.

On the 4th februaty he seemed to be l i t t l e b e t t e r and i t

was decided to sh i f t him to Lucknow. Where deep X ray treatment

f a c i l i t i e s were ava i l ab le . The same day family nuembers along

with Gandhiji look him by ca r . Motilal bore the journey Iram

Allahabad to Lucknow wel l . But the doctors noticed a change

for the worse in his condition on the afternoon of the 5th

February. There was some d i f f icu l ty in breathing,- l a t e r the

pa t i en t had a suffocating sensation, and the swelling in the

face and other par ts of the body increased v i s i b i l y . Towards

midnight the pat ient condition became grove. At about 6.30 a.m.

on the 6th February, 1931 the v a l l i a n t f ighter for Ind ia ' s

freedom breathed his la;st in the presence of a l l his deat- and

nears .

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JAwTAHARIAL NEHRU

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Ind ia ' s f i r s t Priune Minister,

was born in Allahabad on the 14th Nov 1889, or according t o

the Samvat calender, Margshirsh Badi 7, 1946,

Jawaharlal 's boyhood was lonely. Although the household

was fu l l of children and cousins, they were considerably older

than he, and though he often l i s tened to t h e i r gcown up t a l k

the gulf of years prevented any a f f i n i t y or companionship

between them. Much of t h i s t a lk was re la ted with the over­

bearing, often insu l t ing behaviour of Br i t i shers and Eurasians

towards Indians, and how i t was the duty of every Indian to

stand up to th i s and not to to l e ra t e i t ,

Jawahalal in his autobiography wrote, "Much as began

to resent the presence and behaviour of the a l i en r u l e r s ,

I had no feeling whatever, so far as I can remember against

individual Englishmen, I had English governesses and occassionally

I saw English friends of ray father v i s i t i n g him. In ray heart

of r a the r admired the English".

Sometime Jawahar used to peep a t Motilal and his friends

from behind a cer ta in and when he ca.ught in the act he dragged

out and made to s i t for a whdkle on his f a the r ' s knee. Once

Jawahar saw his father was drinking some red wine,which he had

not seen before, he rushed to his mother t o t e l l her tha t

'father was drinking blood.

8

Once a t the age of five or s ix Jawaharlal was severly

beaten by his father for s tea l ing a pen, Jawaharlal wrote in

h i s autobiography, "The pen was discovered and my g u i l t procla­

imed to the world. Father was very angry and he gave me a

tremendous thrashing. Almost blind with pain and mort i f icat ion

a t my disgrace If rushed to mother, and for several days

various creams and ointments were applied to my aching and

quivering l i t t l e body".

Another of Jawahar early companion was a munshi of his

father , Munshi MubaraH Ali often the companion less Jawahar

sought the old man's company and snuggling upto him, l i s t ened to

t a les from the Arabian Nights and t o s t o r i e s of the Indian

r e b i l l i o n of 1857. Jawaharlal wrote many years l a t e r "Memory of

Munshi remains with me as a dear and precious possession" ,

From his mother and aunt Jawaharlal heard old t a l e s of

Indian mythology and fo lklore . His mother told him of the

adventures of great iRama which form the theme of the o ldes t

of Sanskrit epic poems, valoiiki 's Ramayana. From her too he

learned the story of the Mahabharat,

Until the age of fifteen when Jawahar went to Harrow,

he never attended school. He was educated a t home by se r i e s

of English govemers and pr ivate t u t o r s , but of these only one,

Ferdinand T, Brooks, made any impression on the boy.

Brooks had been recoraended t o Motilal as Jawaharla l ' s

Autor by Dr Annie Besant. Brooks was about twenty-six when he

came as t u to r to Jawaharlal, then a boy of eleven. Brooks

developed in Jawaharlal two in t e re s t which have endured a t a s t e

for reading and a cu r ios i ty in science and i t s myster ies . Brooke

was with him for 3 years and in th i s period he encouraged h i s

p u p i l ' s l ik ing for English l i t e r a t u r e . Jawahar's reading though

wide, was haphazard and d iscurs ive .

In May 1905, when Jawahar was f i f teen years old sa i ld

for England with his father, mother and his four year old

s i s t e r sarup.

On a May day, towares the end of the month, Jawahar with

his parents and baby s i s t e r reached to London and got h is

admission a t Harrow. For sometime he f e l t lonely and homesick

but soon he make himself busy with school work and games. Harrow

as a t most English public schools, c r icke t and football are

compulsory for a l l the boys except the medically exempted.

Jawaharlal did not shirk games, and he did his qouta of

work.

In October 1907, Nehru went to Tr in i ty college,

Cambridge, ^e was then appiX)aching eighteen, a slim handsome

dark haired youth with sens i t ive eyes, speaking English in the

consiously clipped accents of a Bri t ish public school . Cambridge

then exelled in the teaching of natural science, economics and

philosophy. Nehfu with his attachment to science, chose the

% t u r a l science Tripos, his subject being chemistry, geology

and botany. But his i n t e r e s t were broader, p o l i t i c s and

10

economics a t tac ted hira and he had always been drawn towards

h i s to ry and l i t e r a t u r e .

In 1910 Jawaharlal l e f t the Cambridge, hciving secured

a second class honours degree in the Natural Science Tripos.

From Cambridge Jawaharlal went to London where he stayed for

the next two years to abtain the degree of barriLstor from inner

Temple. In the summer of 1912 Jawaharlal has completed his

examination and was cal led t o Bar. During his s tay of over

seven years in England he had been home twice, spending his

time there with his family a t Allahabad and at the h i l l s t a t i on

of Mussoorie.

on his return to India in 1912, Ndhru a t f i r s t t r i e d to

s e t t l e down as lawyer. But he had only a desultory i n t e r e s t

in his profession and did not re l i sh e i t h e r the p rac t ice of

law or the company of lawyers.

Nehru met Gandhiji for the f i r s t time in 1916 a t the

annual meeting of INC par ty in Lucknow.

Hispol i t ica l apprenticeship with congress l as ted from

1919 to 1929, In 1923 t o became the general secretary of the

party for two years and again in 1927, for another two years ,

In 1929 he presided over the h i s t o r i c a l hepone session and

proclaimed complete independence as Ind ia ' s p o l i t i c a l goal

ins tead of dominion s t a t u s . After the Lahore session of li929,

Nehru emerged as the Idader of the country 's i n t e l l e t u a l s and

youth.

11

Nehru went to prision for the first time in 1921 with

his father over the next 24 years he was to serve another

eight periods of detention, the last and longest was in

August 1942, ending on 15th June, 1945. In all, Nehru spent

over 9 years in jail, he described his terms of incarceration

as normal interludes in life of abnormal political activity.

On India's Freedom he became the first Prime minister

of free India. In the years from 1929 to 1964 he emphasised

on the need of advancement of s±ince and technology and tried

to shape foreign policy of India in relation to world affairs,

Nehru was a student of science and looked upon it as

the means for the liberation of man. Science liberates us

from past institutions, from past assumptions, from past

binding customs. Science and technology help to establish

a free society based on economic justice and opportunities

for all, a society which aims at the cultivation of spritual

values, of the sprit of service, of unselfishness.

N«hru was the sole architect of the impressive scientific

and technological infrastructure that has been built up in India

He wanted to free canmon people from the shackles of poverty,

disease, illeteracy and discrimination. Nehru in 1937, while

addressing the Indian science congress aaid, "It was science

alone that coxild solve the problems of hunger and poverty, of

insanitation and illiteracy, of superstitions and deadening

12

customs and t r ad i t ion , of vast resources running to waste of

a r ich country inhabited by starving people".

Nehru's belief in science was not the r e su l t of blind

fa i th in the march of technology. He had always «nphasised the

socia l and human aspects of science, the need t o make science

subserve man by applying i t not only in heavy inidustries and

otheTsophisticated f ie lds , but in agr icu l tu re , small scale

indus t r ies and in innumerabl* f ields r e l a t ing to the dai ly

l i f e and culture of the ordinary man.

Nehru's foreign policy was the preoccupation about

preserving and defending sovereighty against adversar ies , both

old and new, both open and disguised. And also there was a

need to recognise and build upon the in t eg ra l l ink between

sovereighty in in te rna t iona l terras and freedom and j u s t i c e

for the individual and groups in the nat ional dtxnain.

The foreign policy of a country l ike India, with a

spec ia l geographical s i tua t ion and as a colony of d i s t an t

power, i s bound to be influenced by r ig ional considerat ions .

The Kashmir problem, was the d i r ec t r e su l t of the

country 's p a r t i t i o n . This problem made us realisse the need

t o be careful about re la t ions with both U.K. and U.S.A. What

were our domestic problems in pre-Independence India had became

in te rna t iona l issues a f t e r independence, which a t t r ac t ed extra

regional p u l l s .

13

In Indo-China, Ind ia ' s involvement was more formal and

continous over a long period in an i n s t i t u t i o n a l form, as the

Chairman of the Internat ional supervisory commission. The Indo­

china problem has been solved outside the U.N.

The other extra-regional and global aspect of Ind ia ' s

foreign policy during the Nehru period was the coxantries act ive

associa t ion with common wealth. Ind ia ' s decision to become a

Republic and stay on in the commonwealth was a major event in

the evolution of tha t i n s t i t u t i o n .

The other most enduring feature of Nehru's foreign

policy in early years was the discovery of an Afro-Asian

personal i ty a t Bandttng and i t s intension to an in te r -cont inenta l

nonaligned philosophy by the early 60s.

Jawaharlal Nehru was the prophet of non alignment. He

expounded i t f i r s t as policy for India- and othsjr countries

emerging from colonialism-even before independence, in some

of his speeches, writings and resolut ions of the Indian National

Congress, ^e in his very f i r s t statement to the press on 7th Sept,

1946, s e t the key to our foreign pol icy . Nehru said, "we propose,

as far as possible to keep away from power po l i t i c s of groups,

al igned against on another, which have led in the past to

world wars and which may again lead to d i sas te rs on an even

waster scale" These words neverherated round the world and

contained the germ of a policy which has come to be cal led

14

non-alignment or pos i t ive neutralism, and was adopted by many

a newly independent coutr ies in Asia and Africa and had an

influence even on the policy of many an aligned s t a t e . Nehru's

primary objective in adopting a pol icy of non-alignment was to

promote world peace.

Our policy of non alignment got severe btslow when India

was invoked by China in 1962. But our experience a t the hands

of China does not de t rac t from the soundness of our policy of

nonalignment which has seirved India and the world wel l .

The policy of non-alignment, the concept of a secular

democracy and declarat ion of the goal of a s o c i a l i s t i c pat tern

of socie ty , are the t r i p p l e g i f t s for which pos te r i ty wi l l be

gra tefu l t o JAWAHARIAL NEHRU.

15

TODIR.^ PRIYADL^SHINI

My k i s s t o t h e new soul of Ind ia , wrote t h e g r e a t poete&s

and freedom f i g h t e r , S a r o j i n i Naidu, t o Jawahar la l Nehru a t t h e

B i r t h of Ihd i ra on November 19, 1917. At t h a t t ime of I n d i r a ' s

b i r t h Nehru ' s home was t h e headquar ter of congress and t h e

c e n t r e of s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t B r i t i s h e r s . The whole family was

committed t o t h e cause . This a l l i s perce ived by Ind i ra and

she sa id , "My publ ic l i f e began when I was two or t h r e e . I d o n ' t

remember p lay ing or s o c i l i s i n g with o t h e r c h i l d r e n . My f a v o u r i t e

passfcive was making s t i r v i n g speeches before t h e s e r v a n t s " .

She was lone ly a t he r chi ldhood, Bss: involvement i n t h e

n a t i o n a l movement d idnot dimish her l o n e l i n e s s . A l l a d u l t s i n

t h e family were r e p e a t e d l y a r r e s t e d , sometimes both her p a r e n t s

were in p r i s i o n s imul taneously , and I n d i r a was l e f t wi th r e l a t i v e s

and s e r v a n t s . In her chi ldhood she organised a vanar sena of

c h i l d r e n s . M o t i l a l j i in Naini Prison heard about i t . In h i s

l e t t e r from p r i s i o n he wrote t o Ind i ra he was proud of her what

she was doing and suggested t h a t each member of t h e Vanar Sena

should wear a t a i l . The l eng th of t h e t a i l should determine t h e

rank of t h e member i n t h e vanar sena.

In 1931 I n d i r a was admitted t o p u p i l s own ischool ran in

t h e banglow of coonverbai v a k i l , l a t e r , o t h e r congress l e a d e r s

t oo sent t h e i r c h i l d r e n t o t h e school i n c l u d i n g Vijaya Laxmi

Pandi t and Jamnalal Das, The atmosphere of t h e school was l i k e

a b i g family r a t h e r than a borading house,

Ind i ra complete ly adopted he r se l f t o t h e s:Lmple l i f e

of. school , e n t h u s i a s t i c a l l y e a r r i n g out he r d u t t t s and p a r t i c i ­

p a t i n g i n every a c t i v i t y . She cons idered he r se l f an e l d e r

16

to the younger children in the sbhool.

Sven at that age Indira had a great capacity for organisatio

and the qualities of a leader. She was president of Sahitya

Sabha, editor of the school magazine and the chief Justice of 2

school committee*

^ndira passed the matriculation examination of the Bombay

University in 1934 and was a<initted as a student of Siksha

Bhawan at Shantindtketan. Indira joined the Shantiniketan a

little later than the official oepning of the college, due to

his mothers illness. She lived like all other girls in the

hostel and no special facilities were provided tC' her on ^ehru's

request. Shewais' a very disciplined young girl. She entered

the daily life of shantiniketan with perfect eaxmestness and

diligence and could be described as model student.

tell I would like to/one interesting episode of Indira's

student days at Shantiniketan. A central European art schoolar

was a visiting professor there, and ndira was one of the students

who used to attend his popular lectxires on ^ndian art which

were held in the central Hall of the nuseum building of the

^la Bhawana. Students of Kala Bhawana, in these days, as

today, sat on the floor on their asanas in their appointed

places and did their work on desks, People who entered

kala Eiiavana, look their shoes off. This professor, however,

would always walk in with his shoes on. He paid no attention

to the students request to take off his shoes vtien entering

17

the museum. After the f i r s t few lec tures , when professor

again came in with his shoes on, a l l the students walked out

i n an orderly and dignif ied manner without a word, leaving the

professor gapping in anger and wonderwent. This s i l e n t

demonstration was reported to have been planned bjf a small

group of students led by Indira and Khan Abdul Gani Khan,

the f ron t i e r Gandhi's son,"

But soon she l e f t the Santinikatan as her mother's

heal th took a turn for worse. Gurudeva Tagore received a telegram

from Jawaharlal requesting t h a t Inddra be sent back to Allahabad

t o lookafter her a i l l i n g mother.

In 1937 a f t e r her mother's death entered somerville

col lege, Oxford. Kamila Tyagi remembers tha t I t was September

11, 1937, Suddenly i t appeared as though there was an e l e c t r i c

spark, and aslim, well dressed man brushed r igh t past me and

rushed forward. ^ r ipple of voices murmured: Pandit ^ehruj I t

was the f i r s t time I had seen him that close and the f i r s t

inkl ing I had tha t his only daughter, Indira was going to 4

Oxford a t the same time and in the same ship as I was.**

Indira during the voyage was calm and unruffled.

But Indira could not s tay a t oxford for a long time

as her health was not standing up to the s t r a i n of Oxford

s tudies and ahe came back to India . Again a f t e r a brief s tay

she came back to ^ f o r d for s t u d i e s . In 1941 she f ina l ly

returned to India finishing his s tud ies .

IS

In 1942 she married Pezx)z Gandhi, a j ou rna l i s t from

Allahabad and supporter of INC, Indira was a t t r ac t ed t o

worxis Feroz during the i l l n e s s of her mother. Tehroina Kershasp

Gandhy remembered about marriage "And so, march 26, 1912, Ram

%vami Day, was chosen for the auspicious occassion when Pandi t j i

gave Indira to Feroz Gandhi and into our keeping and we welcomed

her and took her t o our hearts and none of us have ever regre t ted

doing so . "

Soon a f t e r her marriage she was imprisioned with Feix>z

Gandhi in Sept. 1942, during the campaign of massive r e p r i s a l s

against INC, carr ied out by the Bri t ish au tho r i t i e s in response

to the famoxis an t i -Br i t i sh ^uitv^ndia resolu t ion approved by

INC working committee. She was in J a i l u n t i l 1 may 1943.

In 1944 she gave b i r th to Rajiv (now P.M.) and in 1946

t o Sanjay (died in a plane crash in 1982).

After independence in 1947 Jawaharlal ' 'ehru became Indias

f i r s t Prime Minister Indira acted as hostess for her f a the r .

After a time, '^awaharlal ^ehru moved upto his o f f i c i a l residence

on Tteen Murti Marg. This house was a rambling mansion with a

ful l s taff of cooks, bu t le r s , housekeepers, secrestaries,

gardeners e t c . Indira was in overal l command on them, ^ r e she

s t a r t ed emerging from seclusion and became ac t ive in the f i e ld

of socia l worlk. She was in te res ted in the welfare' of children

and helped to s e t up i n s t i t u t i o n s l ike the Bal Saihyog and

19

the Home for Deaf and ^umb chi ldren. She a l so took keen i n t e r e s t

in welfare of the servants and children of the Teen Murti House,

As the time passed, one saw her appearing on the p o l i t i c a l

horizon and becoming a constant companion to her fa ther . In 1955

she par t i c ipa ted with her father in the Bandung Conference* a t

which the pol icy of non alignment was born. In the same year she

was elected to the congress working committee.

On •'''ebraury 8th 1959 she was chosen for the ^residenship

of the congress and remained congress president t i l l >January

I960. She showed great dynamism and during her short term of

of f ice she made i t evident t h a t she had a wi l l of her own. ^ r

term of off ice as congress president was h i s t o r i c ^ r a l a which

was a strong hold of Communist Barty of India fe l l to congress.

In 1964 when l a l Bahadur <Shastri became Prime Minister of

India a f t e r Nehru's death. 3ha was included in the cabinet

as information and broadcasting min i s te r .

When l^l Bahadur Sash t r i died in 1966, her name was

approved by the congress par ty for Prime minis tership on

19th Jan . and she sowmin on January 24, 1966 as f i r s t lady

prime minis ter of India .

When she took over the charge, Indian economy was in

Shambles, foreign aid had been fcogen, land was not by severe

20

drought, and country could not recovered from the aftermath

of indo Pak war (1965), The economic condition i s so bad t h a t

India had to devalue i t s rupee on the wil l of US dominated world

eank ., The economic scene of those days was summed by Sachindra

Chaudhri, finance minister (1966), m his budged speech.Chaudhuri

sa id , "with the best wi l l in the world and the utmost e f fo r t

we are capable of, we s t i l l cannot dispense with foreign a id in

near fu ture . The degree of se l f rel iance t h a t the country had

achieved during her premiership can be well demonsitrated by

the decision to forego pa r t of the sanctioned IMF loan,

Vishwanath Pratap Singh, the finance minis ter of ^ j i v

Gandhi, in sharp contrast to the 1966 statement of Ghaudhuri,

s a id t h a t the economy he had inheri ted " i s in a reasonably

strong pos i t i on .

The e lect ions of 1967 were a serious warning for the ru l l ing

pa r ty . Though congress i s able to farm i t s govt, a t centre but

i t looses in many s t a t e assemblies. I t was for Indira Gandhi to

draw p r a c t i c l e conclusions from the s i t u a t i o n . In ;pesponse t o the

e l e c t o r a l warning signal the gave a" 10 point progrjinwie"aimed

a t creat ing a s table national economy. After some (discussions

t h i s programme was approved by the congress working conmittee.

But cabinet ministers refused to accept some of tbi& provisions

of the programme.

21

lac was heading for a r l f t . Some par ty leader framed a

group known as the "Syndicate", This i s the grovif> of conservatives

comprised Morarji Desai, Sanjiva Reddy, ^.Nijalingappa, Kamraj

^adar, Atulya Gosh and S.K. Pa t i l e t c . A scramble for influence

s t a r t e d in the congress. The syndicate group res ta r ted to

stonewalling t ac t i c s against Ind i ra .

In 1969 pres ident ia l e lec t ion, Sanjiva fieddy was congress

o f f i c i a l nominee for e lec t ion against the wi l l of Mrs, Gandhi,

Mrs, Gandhi extended his support to the opposi t ion 's candidate

Mr, V,v. Gi r i , who won the e lec t ion to be Ind ia ' s 3rd p res iden t .

In Ju l ly 1969 she look an important decision to na t ional ize

14 major pr iva te c a p a t i l i s t commercial banks, ^ne of the aims

of th i s ac t was to end dominance of individual c a p i t a l i s t groups.

The publ ic a t large approved the na t iona l i sa t ion of banks.

Nationalisation of banks angered the syndicate group

and Nijalingappa, as i^arty Chiiitnan, expelled the Prime Minister

from I M : , I t led to a r i f t within the congress and two p a r a l l e l

sessions of AICC was arranged in ikiv, and Dec, 1969, However

the opposition overestimated i t s s trength but soon rea l i sed t h a t

they are wrong. Once i t was obvious that they were in minority,

the supporters of the "syndicate" began t o defect t o Indira

fac t ion . And now i t was "syndicate* which was expelled from

congress, Indira Gandhi's courageous b a t t l e against the syndicate

had increased her populari ty and p r e s t i g e .

22

Parliamentary elections were fi??ed in 1971, Indira

Gandhi conducted her campaign under the sologan of ending

poverty. She led her rulling congress to a landslide victory.

This election, which brought her a two third majority, was the

result of a legend which had simply made her the "Mother of

India", the "Mother of Poor."

In 1971 India declared war on Pakistan, when Pakistan

aircraft bombed Indian military airfields, and officially recognised

the Republic of %nQl4 Desh, She successfully led India to

victory and played a historic role in libration of Bangla Desh,

The 1972 elections showed that congress had jcegain it the

ground it had last. But soon the after affects of w<ar became

visible and India had to give shelter to 10 million rufugees

from Bangla Desh, The upkeep of refugees cost the country

3 million dollars per day. The country was hit by drought and

food Imports had to be increased, the oil crisis and also due to

certain other factors programme to end poverty was not fulfilled.

Under these conditions the opposition raised its head again.

Raj Narain the Principal rival of Indira had accused her of

violating the dectoral law and filed a suit in Allahabad High

court. In 1975, justice of Allahabad High Court accused Indira

Gandhi of curruption and declared her election to parliament

invalid. Despite Indira's intention to appeal in supreme court

23

opposition launched a wide spread cotnpaign demanding her

res igna t ion . Law and order in the country were severly shotken

Prof i teer ing , thef t and violence reached an ui^recendent s c a l e .

Under these conditions she imposed emergency in India

on June 26, 1975, At the same time she announced a 20 point

economic progratmie, based on 10 points prtjgramne tliat had been

put forward in 1967 but had not been implemented, providing

for the improvement of l iv ing standards for the poor. INC

promised to complete land reform promote the development of

ru ra l a reas , secure s table prices of food and other e s sen t i a l s

e t c .

During the emergency govt, hive acheived some pos i t i ve

r e s u l t s . The govt, took severe measures against p r o f i t e e r s ,

imposed s t r i c t control over prices and secured a os r ta in

reduction in the cost of l i v ing . Even so, the s t a t e of emergency

fa i led to win the syrapath of voters for INC. At the 1977 general

e lec t ions opposition Crushed INC. For the f i r s t time in the

30 years a f t e r independence the congress l o s t i t power.

But within a shor t span of time she returned t o power, The

two major factors tha t contributed to her return to power were,

f i r s t , her own resolve, energy and a b i l i t y ' t o convince the masses

and second, the i n a b i l i t y of the Janata coolation to offer the

country an affect ive and dynamic programme of ac t ion .

24

The l a s t years of Indira Gandhi's l i f e coincided with a

de t e r i a t i on in the internationalsitxiation and attempts by

imperialism to regain l o s t ground by voilence^ and were marked

by her taking a more ac t ive par t in the international a r e a s .

Unfier her leadership India invariably spoke from and stuck to

a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t pos i t ions•

In India, the period was marked by an in tens i f i ca t ion of"

communal voilence and by a growing trend towards regionalism

and separatism, rhe s t ruggle for i n t eg r i t y and unity of India

and i t s people more to the forefront. I t was in he course of

tha t s t ruggle t ha t Indira Gandhi died. She was k i l l ed in

revenge for her resolute act ion against separatism, extremism

and te r ror i sm.

PART TWO BIBLIOGRAPHY

25

A

AB Pat

Apr

As rev

C

CDW

D

Dec

S

ABRIVIATIOiNiS

= Amrit Bazar Patrlka

= April

= Asian Review

« Ceylon Daily News

= December

Scon and Polit = Economic and Political weekly weekly

ET

F

'S&b

EPJ

G

Gaurd

Ghan T

^ovt.

H

Hin

HT

= Economic Times

= February

= Free ^ ress Journal

= Gaurdian

= Ghanian Times

"+ Government

= Hindu

= Hindustan Times

Ind, and ^or Rev = Indian and foreign Review

IE = Indian Express

26

Ind J P o l l t Sci = Indian j o u r n a l of P o l i t i c a l Science

IN = Ind isn na t ion

Ind Pol i t Sci ^ = Indian P o l i t i c a l Science -Review

Ind Qxoart

I n t e r s t u d .

J

Jan

J u l

Jun

M

Main

Mar

Mod Rev

N

NT

NH

NIP

Nov

0

Oct

P

Pat

P o l i t Sci R

= Indian Quar t e r ly

= I n t e r n a t i o n a l s t ud i e s

= January

= Ju ly

= June

= Mainstream

= March

= Modern Review

= Nagpur Times

= National Herald

= Nothern India Patrika

= November

= October

= Patriot

= Political Science IW

Sept

So Ind

State

= September

= socialist India

= Statesman

27

T

TI

Tri

UN

= Times of India

* Tribune

= United Nation

28

LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS

MOriLAL NEHRU, INDIA, HISTORY

FREEDOM STRUGGLE

JAV.AHARLAL NEHRU, INDIA, HISTORY

CHILDREN

Literature

Policies

- ADMINISTRATIVE

- ATOMIC ENERGY

- COmoNWEALTH

- CONGRESS U . P .

- DEMOCRACY

- DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN

- ECONOMIC

- ELECTION

- FOREIGN

- FREEDOM STRUGGLE

- KASHMIR

- LAND REFORM

- LANGUAGE

- mRIXIM

- NAM

- RALIAMENT

- PEACE

- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

- SECULARISM

- SOCIALISM

~ DEMOCI?ATIC

— MARIXISM

— WORLD

THIRD WORLD

WORLD AFFAIRS

29

PRESS

PUBLIC OPINION

RENAISSANCE

SPEECHES

TAGOHE

TS.iCHBR,

YOUTH

INDIRA GANDHI, INDIA, HISTORY

ELECTIONS

MOUNTAINS

POLICIES

- ANT)HARA PRADESH

- ARUNACHAL PRADESH

- BANGLADESH

- DEMOCRACY

- DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN

- ECONOMIC

- EMERGENCY

- FILM

- FOREIGN

- FOREST

- GUJRAT

- JUDICIARY

~ LANGUAGE, HINDI

- NAM

- NUCLEAR

- PEACE

- SCIENCE -AND TECHNOLOGY

- SECULARISM

- SIKH

- SOCIALISM

_ 3RILANKA

- WIID LIFE

30

RELIGION

TOUR

- EAST EUROPE

- EUROPE, 1971

_ U.S.A.

- U.S.S.R. 1976

- WALKING, RAE BAREILLY

- WEST BENGAL, 1971

31

MOrilAL NEHRU, INDIA, HISTORY

1. AHMED SAYED CHATTARI. Some recollections. In: NAIR (LN) ^ .

Motilal Nehru birth centenary souvenir. 1961; p 142,

Motilal was one of the foremost leader of this country.

He had many noble qualities of head and heart but his sole

pajJsion was his love for motherland. He gave his all for the

service of his country and the way he suffered and cheerfully

bore many losses was simply wonderful.

2. DHAiMAPALA (DE). Great fighter. In: NAIR (LN) Ed. Motilal Nehru

birth centenary Souvenir. 1961; p. 147-148.

Motilal made great sacrifices for country. He was a

skillful parliamentarian and strong fighter. Motilal was the

i rain and mind of congress. Motilal's presence in the congress

gave air of sobriety and reality that makes it stable and

permanent.

3. DIWAN CHAMAN LAL. Gaint among leaders. la: Nair (LN) Ed.

Motilal NehiM birth centenary souvenir. 1961; p 90-93.

Motilal has givenup his princily practice to serve the

nation. In 1926 Lajpat Rai and Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya had

formed a communal group against the Swaraj Party. But instead

of his bad health he went up and down the country and addressed

meetings in support of his candidates. In 1924 under Motiial's

initiative a National Party was foraed.

32

f-d. 4 . JAMNADA3 DWARKADAS. As I knew him. I n j NAIR (LN)TMoti la l

Nehru b i r t h centenary souven i r ; 1961; P 115-122,

Mot i l a l s s a c r i f i e s for the country cannot be e q u a l l e d by

the s a c r i f i e s of anyone. He courted j a i l under the Cr iminal

Law Amendment Act 1922 and He who was considergd one of t h e

r i c h e s t men became p r a c t i c a l l y a poor man with a l l h i s h a b i t s

of l i f e s i m p l i f i e d . I t would be d i f f i c u l t t o recount the s e rv i ce s

of Mot i l a l as l eade r of Swaraj Party i n the Cen t ra l ^ l eg i s l a t ive

Assembly. He proved to be the g r e a t e s t p a r l i a m e n t a r i a n and one

of t h e g r e a t e s t among the l eader s of any l e g i l a t u r e s of t he

wor ld .

5 . MSHROTRA ( L a l j i ) . My Impress ions . I n : NAIR (U^) Ed. Mot i l a l

Nehru biirth centenary souven i r . 1961; P 106-112.

Mot i la l had d i sca rded the western c l o t h e s and p u t i t

on i t s way t o , t h e b o n f i r e . He had gone t o j a i l s e v e r a l t i m e s .

He had the adro tness of a p o l i t i c i a n and the indomitable

w i l l and f i / e of t r u e p a t r i o t . He was f u l l of l i f e and humour.

6 . MEHTRA ( J i v r a j in). M i l l i t a n t N a t i o n a l i s t . Ins i JAIR (LN) £ d .

Mot i l a l Nehru biirth centenary souven i r . 1961; P . 135.

Mot i l a l was one of those i l l u s t r i o u s sonis of India who

not only devoted t h e i r l i v e s t o the f i g h t for freedom of the

motherland but a l s o gave a l a r g e p a r t of t h e i r wealth fo r the

cause of freedom. He became a devoted fo l lower of Mahatma

Gandhi and jo ined the freedom s t r u g g l e .

33

7 . 3AHNI (JN). Two i n c i d e n t s . I n : NAIR (I.N) E^. Mot i l a l Nehru

b i r t h centenary souven i r . 1961 ; 'P . 141.

Described 2 h i s t o r i c i n c i d e n t . F i r s t in 1925 when Public

s a f e ty B i l l was t o be in t roduced in Simla s e s s i o n . I t was

necessary for tela Lajpat Rai and Mot i i a l Nehru t o combine on

t h a t occas ion , i^fotilal took i n i t i a t i v e and the d i f f e r ence was

patched up. In second i n c i d e n t when a bomb was thrown i n the

assembly he did no t ran away but advanced towards o f f i c i a l

benches t o render help t o the wounded.

8 . SAK3ENA (Mohanlal) . Some anecdo tes . In liMR (LN) B^, Mot i l a l

wehru Bi r th centenary Souvenir . 1961; p . 30-37.

Author with t h e be lp of c e r t a i n events showed t h a t

Mot i l a l have possessed r a r e q u a l i t i e s , which a r e u n f a i l i n g

p resence of mind, s t rong w i l l power, c l e a r and fa r s i g h t e d

v i s i o n , remakable s e l f r e l i a n c e , indcxnitable courage e t c .

Mot i la l always ac ted with imaginat ion and f o r s i g h t .

9 . 3AMPURNANAND. Ful l of l i f e and humar. I n : NAIR (LN) E^. Mot i l a l

Nehiru b i r t h centenary souven i r . 1961; p . 133-34.

Describes c e r t a i n occass ions t h a t showed t h a t M o t i l a l s

l i f e was f u l l of humour. To t e s t h is newly oppointed cook he

asked him t o prepare a s p e c i a l meat d i sh , cook could not

p repare i t upto e x p e c t a t i o n s , when f a u l t i s pointed out , he

began t o a r g u e . Mot i l a l r e p l i e d Are Bhai, a i s a mat kaho. Kabhi

ham bhi admi t h e . I s Khadder se dhoke men mat a" . When m o t i l a l

r es igned from skeene committee, au thor ask his permiss ion t o go

back t o % n a r a s . fete r e p l i e d JfeHanji, a ) k a i s e roken ; na wuh mai

r a h i , na wuh jam raha, na wuh mahfil ' r a h i .

34

1 0 . UPADHYAYA (3D). Outstanding p e r s o n a l i t y . J n : JA IR (Llsi) E;^.

Mot i l a l JC ehru b i r t h centenary souven i r . 1961; P 151-52.

Author had been a s s o c i a t e d to "Motilal i n t i m a t e l y

during the bey-day of h i s p o l i t i c a l c a r e e r and in p r e s e n t

a r t i c l e he descr ibed some glimpses of him. Mot i la l was a

master mind, and he seldom er red in h i s judgement of man o r

m a t t e r . According to M o t i l a l . "A good Hindu doesnot p r a c t i c e

u n t o u c h a b i l i t y and s e c t a r i a n i s m . I dea l Hindu must be a b l e to

aosorb and d iges t every t h i n g " .

FREEDOM oXRUGGLE

1 1 . Ai DREWS (CF). Maker of modern I n d i a . In NAIR (LN) Ed.

Mot i l a l Nehru b i r t h centenary souven i r . 1961; P 38-44.

Author met Mot i l a l during the e a r l y days of the

Congress Enquiry i n t o t h e Punjab d i s t u rbance and the a c t s

which had been committed under m a r t i a l law. '^here Moti

c hecked the r epor t p repared by au thor and a tonce put them

as ide as un t rus twor thy . Year 1919 changed once and for a l l

the mode of h i s l i f e . He jo ined non coopera t ion movement

under t h e l eade r sh ip of Mahatma Gandhi. Af te r i:ion-cooperation

movement he formed swaraj Par ty to fought e l e c t i o n s for en t e r i ng

t h e C e n t r a l l e g i s l a t i v e Assembly. At e l e c t i o n s Sawaraj Par ty

c a r r i e d ou t p o l l everywhere. Moti was chosen the l e a d e r of

o p p o s i t i o n . Ce r t a in ly no one has ever been so g r e a t oppos i t i on

l e a d e r as he was.

35

12. ANEY (iyi3) . Man with strong convictions. Ins R%IR (LN) Ed.

Motilal i ehru birth centenary souvenir. 1961; P 131-32,

Motilal Nehru was elected to head the Amritsar

session of the congress in 1919, This session was a momentous

one. Mahatma Gandhi and lokmanya Tilak differed and other

difference were expressed publicly in the congress in charac­

terising the nature of Montford Reforms. Beside Gandhi, credit

for the success of the non cooperation movement in its eerlier

stages will have to be given to Motilal,

13. DUNICHAND. Role in freedom struggle. In: Nair (LN) Sd. Motilal

Nehru birth centenary souvenir. 1961; P 102-105.

Motilal was in favour of council entry by fighting

the elections for legilative assembly, while Gandhiji opposed

it, Motilal formed swaraj party that won in elections. The

role he played as leader of Swaraj party was tj.-uly remarkable.

Beside this he carried great prestige both inside and outside

the house. He was a great social and amiable figure in

New Delhi. His entry into Non-cooperation movement put a new

life into it and appealed to the imagination of the people

of India.

14. GANDHI (Indira). Story of Swaraj Bhawan. In NAIR (LN) Sd.

Motilal Nehru birth centenary souvenir. 1961; p 73-77.

Motilal Nehru has gifted his house Anand Bhawan to

the nation. His house was headquarters of the INC till 1946,

36

Many activities of the congress including non cooperation

movement originated here, Motilal opened a mini hospital

1929, in his house as many govt, hospitals were not willing

to take injured Indians,

15. GHOoH (rushar Kanti). Pandit Motilal wehru. NIP; 13 May 1971.

Discusses the early period of his life and also how

he came in politics and his contribution. Motilal seriously

entered in politics during the Home Rule days of 1917. Motii^l

played a dynamic role in 1919 when at imperial council he

strongly criticised the black bill and outside the legislature,

organised public opinion against the measure, fe seconded the

non cooperation movement and after that began his life of

oeeseless activities. He went ahead through various struggles

and vicissiludes. He showed his extraordinary ability and

political wisdom in connection with a whole series of

incidents took place in the coxjntry. At his death bed he was

undeterred and tireless in his political work.

16. LEADER OF men. JH' ^^^ ^^^^ i^' ^tilal Nehru birth cenetary

souvenir. 1961; P 145-46.

Under Motilals leadership party was well drilled and

well organised and regular in attendance in house. Motilal

actively boycotted the siraon commission in 1927. In 1928

congress session under his presidency, the boycott of British

goods was recommended.

37

17, MMHOTRA (UR). Pandit Motilal-a great p a t r i o t . HT. 13 May 1985;

Jykstilal ranked among the most outstanding pe r sona l i t i e s

who made a unique contribution to the s truggle for Ind ia ' s

freedom. He came in p o l i t i c s in 1907. He act ively pa r t i c ipa t ed

in the non-cooperation and c iv i l disobedience movements and

underwent imprisonment to 1919 he published independent an

agressive national da i l y . Hg h^g the honour of becoming twice

the president of INC and displayed grea t qua l i t i e s of leader

sh ip . Apart from national l iberat ion fronts he was a g rea t

cursador against orthodony^ supers t i t ion , <?ast , purdah system

and other inequal i t ies of the society, ^e l e f t behind a legacy

of unflatering patr iot ism and s a c r i f i c e .

18. NANDA (BR). Motilal ^Mehru: Versat i le leader , ftit 6 May 1985;

In th is brief biographical sketch of l a t e Pt . Motilal

wehru autho;r- discusses his p o l i t i c a l l i f e a lso Motllals early

incursions into p o l i t i c s were re luc tan t , brief and sporadic,

in 1907 he presided a provenial conference a t Allahabad. He

e lected to preside over the Amritsar congress session (1919),

He lend his support to non-cooperation movement a t specia l

congress a t Calcutta. After th is session he byootted foreign

goods and put on home spuf -n Khadi. In ^C6* 1921 toth fa ther

and ^on arifested and j a i l e d . In 1923 Motilal with C.R. Das

founded swaraj par ty . In 1927 he headed a cotranittee, formed

in an AH Parties conference, to found a solut ion to communal

problem, Motilal played his par t in the national s truggle

bore great burdens and suffered many s e a r s . But he was a born

f ighter ta ' ; t led for his country.

38

19. PANIKKAR (KM). Great statesman and parliamentarian. In.;miR

(IM) Ed. Motilal Nehru birth centenary souvenir. 1961; P 78-82,

Motilal Nehru too^ great interest in 3.G.P.C. case

and asked author to keep him fully informed of developments.

Gandhiji came to know that Swaraj Party leaders was planning

to go to London to confer with Labour Ministry on Indian affairs

and also on the case of abdicated Maharaja of Nabha "Gandhiji

asked author to convince totilal and Deshbandhu not to mix up

with Nabha affairs. Both send satisfactory reply to Gandhiji.

The contribution of Motilal to the growth of parliamentary life

in India is great. On the foundation which he laid we have been

able to built our parliamentary democracy.

20. PERSHAD (A). Role in the assembly. In: NAIR (L T) Ed. Motilal

Nehru Birth centenary souvenir. 1961; P 157-58,

Motilal Nehru L d the Swaraj Party during a very

crucial stage of our struggle, he carried freedom's fight

into citadels of the alien bursancracy underrrining its very

foundations. He gave proof of his great qualities of parlia­

mentary leadership and defeated the govt, on ntimerous occtssion.

21. PKB (Ps<eud) . Hero of Hundred fights. In: NAIR (I ) Ed. Motilal

i iehru birth centenary souvenir. 1961; P 161-62,,

Motilal in his early political carrier adapted policy

of copperation and believed in the British sense of justice and

fairplay. On Gandhiji's call Motilal give up his lucarative

practice and joined the non cooperation movement with its

programme of boycott of legislatures, govt schools and colleges,

law courts and the like.

39

22. HADHAKRISH ]AN (3). A magnantoous nan. In_;NAIR (LN) Ed_. Motilal

Nehru birth centenary souvenik. 1961; P 17-18.

Motilal Nehru was a true leader. He cast aside his

foreign dress and put on Khaddar. He hawked Khaddar in streets

of Allahabad, "e joined the civil disobedience movement and

suffered periods of imprisoament. He was a great organiser

and a great parliamentarian. In 1928 he was the president of

liC He laid the greatest stress on comunal ha;cmony and unity.

Motilal had great faith in Indian culture, in the last moments

of his life he repeated the Qayatri Mantra.

23. SHIVA RAO (B) . Pioneer of freedom struggle. In: NAIR (LN) E^.

Motilal Nehru birth centenary souvenir. 1961; P 136-40.

Motilal's active political life was connpressed into

about fifteen years of work. When Gandhiji's call for sacrifice

came in the first non cooperation movement with its various

boycotts, Motilal was one of the earliest to joint it, thro­

wing away an enormous pi'arctice at the bar and all it implied

in terms of a life of comfort.

24. SINHA (Sachidanand). A great politician. In: NAIR (LN). Motilal

Nehru birth centenary souvenir. 1961; P 127-28.

Motilal had filled the political stage with greater

brilliance as the "leader of the opposition" in the legislative

Assembly. He could .and did deal hard blows without being bitter

and could forget and forgive equally hard blows dealt him by

his opponents.

40

25 . SRI PRAKASA. Some remin i scences . In:NAIR (LN) Ed. M o t i l a l

Nehru b i r t h centenary souven i r . 1961; P 47-60.

Discusses how deeply Mot i la l was ded ica ted to the cause

of c o u n t r y ' s freedom. He s t a r t e d a newspaper "The Independent"

t o p u b l i s h advance views of t h i n g s . He was the p r e s i d e n t of

congress i n 1919 and held a s p e c i a l s e s s i o n of congress before

e l e c t i o n of f i r s t l e g i s l a t u r e to know t h e a t t i t u d e s of congress

men as the country was so re on j a l l i a n w a l a Bagh Messacare .

Author a l s o remembered Gaya se s s ion 1922, Formation of Swaraj

Par ty , e l e c t i o n s of 1923, and meeting^ Al l India congress

committee in Banbay i n 1929 e t c .

612. As captain of the Prime Minister's Eleven in a cricket match, New Delhi.

41 jAWAmRIAL NEHRU, INDIA, HISTORY

26. GANESH PRASAD. Nehru paradox. Main 5, 39; 27 m y 1967. 21-22.

Jferxism became an ideological companion, of Nehru, in

pr i s ion and during the days when subjective and object ive

condit ions led to deject ion. I t sustained h i s innate optisnism

and dynamism. To him Marniam was only a te lescope. Thus while

h i s ana lys i s of the in te rna t iona l scene was near-Marxist, h i s

assessment of the Indian scene did not go beyond progresive

l iberal ism. The Nehrusm was fa i th in progress and f a i t h in

people. Besides representing middleclass nationalism, Nehru

represented middle c l a s s thinking as well , Nehru l ike a fa i th fu l

representa t ive of the middle c l a s s , lived in and worked for a

paradox,

27. HAK3? R (PN), Jawahar la l Nehru, m i n . 12, 12; 17 Nov 1973;

9-ao.

Describes f i r s t two occassions when he saw Nehru,

f i r s t time in 1931 when he was s i t t i n g a t furneral cortage

of Motilal Nehru, near t o h i s body second time when he was

t a lk ing to a group of young people a f t e r there return from

Afred Eferk, viiere they had gone to see t^ie t r e e behind

which Chandrasekhar Azad give b a t t l e to Nott Bower, Nehru

defined the meaning of Nationalism and secularism, gave

d i rec t ion and purpose to the struggle for freedom,

28. mRRIMAN (Ave re l l ) , My Image of Nehru, ^ : JOLLY (GS!) m.

The image of Nehru, 1968; p , 75-79,

42

Nehru was the pr inc ip le a r ch i t ec t of a grea t nat ion.

He encouraged mill ions of people in every Bart of world

toward a bet ter more to le ran t understanding of each o the r .

He was a complex man, a man of seeming paradoxes. He

developed a profound respect for Br i t i sh concept of Jus t i ce

and democracy. An although he disagreed sharpdy with many,

Br i t i sh Government po l ic ies and ac t ion ,

29. KHEHA (33), Nehru's Decision-Making. Main. 5, 39; 27 May

1967; 12-15.

Discusses the approach of Nehru to those processes

of decision-making which cons t i tu te p o l i t i c a l , governmental

and administrat ive functioning. He seemed to be of the very

few men his generation capable of a r r iv ing at decis ions ,

sometime extremely d i f f i c u l t decis ions , which could reconcite

the incompatible features of r a t i o n a l i t y and humanners. Also

described fundamental parameters which condition human

decisions a s ; phiolosphy, purpose, d i rec t ion, and p lan .

30. SARAYANAiM (KR). Nehru: A wonderful hTarnan.being. >^in," 14^11

15 Nov. 1975, 11-13,

Describes Nehru's personal i ty by quoting examples

from his l e t t e r s , speeches and other a c t i v i t i e s . His nature

can be well xmderstood from his reply to John Gunther in

1938 and to Gandhiji in 1933. For him l i f e i s mostly a

matter of small t h i n g s . Before Asian African Conference he

43

himself supervise the adjustment of microphones, arrange­

ment of furni tures , flowers, t ab les e t c . He completely

toycotted foreign goods, where he wrote to his close

friend, in 1933, to take his Bri t ish made g i f t back.

Remembered tha t for Nehru the generous, eloquent small

gesture was pa r t of the texture of h is dai ly i i f e , he saw

i t in his v i s i t to London in 1946 and to Rangoon in 1950.

Recalled two personal experiences with him. F i r s t in 1948,

through a l e t t e r of introduction and second in 1960. h is

daughter won the f i r s t pr ize in Shankar's In terna t ional

Children 's competition for a poem. Emphesizers how simply

Nehru made tha t occassion memorable for his daughter.

31. PANDS (BN). Glimpses of greatness . Main. 19, 11; 15 Nov.

1980; 18-20.

Discusses the greatness of Nehru by c i t ing cer ta in

events . By personal example he demolished the b a r r i e r

betv/een leaders and volunteers . During his walking tour

he talked to peasents and asked about t h e i r miseries and

a t t i t u d e of zamindars and Sahukars towards them and give

them a message tha t a be t te r future is waiting for them.

After No-rent satyagrah he made tours to cheer the peasents

in t h e i r hour of d i s t r e s s . In 1938 r i o t s he did not worry

for his own safety and rushed to the l o c a l i t i e s of clash

to save the innocent peoples.

44

32. HADHAKRISHiMAN ( J ) . A close view of greatness,. Link. 1,

42; 30 May 1965; 34-35.

Discusses the daily routine of Nehru and his deep

affect ion towards his s taf f spec ia l ly towards IVth grade

employes. He woke up a t 6 A.M. and a f t e r excercises and

bSth he make a rapid glance through the morning Nespapers,

^e had only time for his family a t breakfast t a b l e , a t 8 he

used to give darshan to the dai ly v i s i t o r s and had solved

t h e i r problesm generously. Nehru was very much considerate

to fais staff, espec ia l ly to peons, beares, raalis e t c . In

Teen Murti House he found his servants house were i l l

ven t i l a t ed and these is a lack of taps a lso , within hour

he made arrangement for these. He establ ished a servant wel­

fare €und from his own personal assents for s e rvan t ' s

welfare .

33. 3AHA (Panchanan). Jawaharlal and Meerut conspiracy case.

Main. 14, 11; 15 Nov 1975. 23-25.

Discusses the role of Nehru in support: of the accused

of the Meerut conspiracy case. He was the member of Defence

Committee as an act ive member he t r i e d for t h e i r releas-e.

The a r t i c l e a lse include the l e t t e r s wri t ten to Mrinal Kanti

Bose, 8 r . Bhupendranath Dutta and to Abdul Halim. These

l e t t e r s re f lec ts the sympothetic a t t i t u d e of Nehru towards

the Meerut accused.

45

34. TAKDOi (PD). His views on men and mat te rs . .Ti-j, 26 iMay

1985.

Nehru had a sharp temper and was at times very-

i n t o l e r a n t . I t can be jadged by his , l a t t e r to Subhas

Chandra Bose dated 3 Apr. 1934, For j ou rna l i s t s he argued

tha t they should be paid for t h e i r cont r ibut ions . He was

never too keen to merry, he have a very high opinion about

marriage. For him no one was t;ig or small . He t rea ted every

one on a human leve l , can be seen from a l e t t e r to his

s i s t e r Krishna Huttesingh dated 13 Jan. 1933.

35. TAMDON (PD). Jawaharlal Nehru as friend and fa ther , Pat .

14 Nov. 1985.

Nehru was not only a great p a t r i o t and a statesman

but a great father t o o . ^e t ra ined his daughter s tep by

step/ most s c i e n t i f i c a l l y , l i b e r a l l y and broad mindedly.

"e never imposed his ideas on his daughter. He always gave

her a free choice to do what she desi red,

36. WOOD (GL), Nehru t au thor i ty , intimacy and vocation in the

l i f e of a revolutionary, I n d J Po l i t Sci . 35, 2; Apr-

June 1974; 105-121.

Discusses the role of author i ty , intimacy and vocation

in Nehru's revolutionary ideas . Nehru is seen as the model

of a committed revolutionary engaged in p o l i t i c a l a c t i v i t y

with high cost and r e l a t i ve ly l i t t l e hope of success .

46

Nehru was a char i shmat ic l e ade r d r iven by the p r i v a t e

motives of a u t h o r i t y , intimacy and voca t ion which he

d i sp layed upon p u b l i c p r o j e c t s . This can be seen in h i s

chi ldhood and youth, h i s choice of the r e v o l u t i o n a r y

voca t ion and s t r u g g l e t o s u s t a i n i t ,

37. YADAV ( C h a n d r a j i t ) . Jawahar la l Nehru: Source of h i s

power. Main. 14, 11 ; 15 Nov. 1975. 15-18.

Discusses t h e source of Nehru 's power.. He was a

' v o t e ca t che r ' and as such v/as ind i spensab le to the

congress pa r ty b o s s e s . The most powerful element was

h i s t o t a l i d e n t i f i c a t i o n with the p e o p l e . He was a lone

succes s fu l in communicating his f e e l i n g s t o t h e m i l l i o n s

of p e o p l e s . He has power to a t t r a c t the p e o p l e s . His

o t h e r important source of power was h is unique v i s i o n . He

could foresee what should happen on the marrow. Yet another

sou rces of power were h is i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m and oppos i t i on

t o d i c t o t e r s h i p . His p o l i t i c s was the p o l i t i c s of people

and i t was c lean with no man ipu l a t i ons .

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU INDIA, HISTORY, CKILDREN3

38. SHAR.'kijA PRASAD (HY) . C h i l d r e n ' s Nehru. Main. 18, 12; 17 Nov

1979; 8 .

Presents " e h r u ' s love and sen t iments towarc.s c h i l d r e n .

The bonds between i^ehru and Chi ldren were many: c u r i o s i t y ,

a sense of p l a y f u l n e s s , a s p r i t of adven tu re . He could make

c h i l d r e n forget t h e i r awe of him through h i s e x t r a o r d i n a r y

47

magni f i c i an t smile and h is contagious z e s t . For c h i l d r e n ,

he wanted them to t h ink for themselves and to t h ink in

l a r g e r p r e s p e c t i v e . He wanted them to know t h e i r own p a s t

but t o be concerned more and more about the futxare.

JAWAHAgLAL BEHRU, INDIA, HISTORY, LITERATURE

39. CHAKHABORTY (Amulyakunar), i>lehru: A t r u e a r t i s t . Main.

14, 11 ; 15 Nov 1975; 27-29.

Discusses Nehru's c o n t r i b u t i o n in l i t e r a t u r e . He

infuses an a r t i s t ' s emotion in h i s words and sen tences by

which his w r i t i n g s reach the high watermark of the

l i t e r a t t i r e . In h i s discovery of India he descr ibed t h e

end le s s n a t u r a l beauty of t h i s coun t ry - i t s mountains ,

f o r e s t s , streeras and r i v e r s in marvellous language . While

w r i t i n g about Ganges h i s language b u r s t out in a g r e a t

i n t e n s i t y o t f e e l i n g s . He p resen ted t o p o s t e r i t y not a

mere t r e a t i s e on h i s t o r y , but the f r u i t of h is own

r e s e a r c h , despa i r , suppr ize and p l e a s u r e .

40 . DAMONDARAN (AK). Reading Nehru Again. Main. 19, 1 1 ;

15 Nov 1980; 16-18.

'I^ken i n t o c o n s i d i r a s i o n Nehru 's autobiography and

'Discovery of I n d i a ' . Discusses h i s l i t e r a r y q u a l i t i e s

and p o l i t i c a l i n s i g h t for the r o l e p layed by Ind i a in

Asia and in the wor ld . Autobiography show, impress ion of

developments in Ind ia and developments in world dur ing

48

War I years ' , during 20ies and t h e r t i e s . 'D iscovery ' i s

in f luenced by a n t i c o l o n i a l ou t look and Marxist a n a l y s i s .

I t a l s o r e f l e c t s Nehru's domestic and foreign p o l i c i e s .

4 1 . SHSAN AHMED. Res i l i ence of Nehru's prose .N H. 9 June 1985.

Nehru's w r i t i n g s have become h ighly appea l ing for

t h e q u a l i t i e s of r e s i l i e n c e , d i r e c t n e s s , p i c tu r^ squenes s

and p o e t i c a l i t y . Nehru wr i t e s in d i f f e r e n t ways s u i t e d to

d i f f e r e n t occass ions and themes. iA?hen he w r i t e s for a young

g i r l he uses an e^tremly simple and c o l l o q u i a l s t y l e . When

w r i t e s t o an ado lecen t g i r l the langxxage i s r i c h e r i n

t e x t u r e and has used h is power of sugges t iveness and p o e t i c

i n s i g h t . Moreover s t y l e of h is speeches t o o , v a r i e d in

accordance with v a r i a t i o n in themes.

42. 3HAKKARRA0 (C). iMehru the w r i t e r . N_^. 11 Nov 1984.

Nehru was a very good w r i t e r . Al l h is p r i n c i p a l

works were w r i t t e n when he i s in p r i s i o n . His w r i t i n g s a re

evidence of h is e s s e n t i a l p e r s o n a l i t y and p r e s e n t s t o

r e a d e r , a p e r s p e c t i v e of happenings in India and world .

Nehru 's prose s t y l e i s n a t u r a l and spontaneous, v;hich

g l o r i f i e s i n using d i c t i o n , s t r u c t u r e , rhythm and tone of

c u l t i v a t e d t a l k .

Jk'fiAmRLhu MEURV INDIA^ HISTORY, POLICIES

4 3 . BHAMBHRI (CP) . Nehru and Indian p o l i t i c a l system. Ind.- J.

Pol i t . S c i . 38, 2; Apr-June 1977; 152-165.

49

Discusses the role of Nehru in shapping the democ­

r a t i c p o l i t i c a l system in India. Nehru favoured to leberal

values of open competitive p o l i t i c s . Universal adu l t

franchise and re la ted i n s t i t u t i o n a l framework of l i b e r a l

democracy. During his stewardship the p o l i t i c a l i n s t i t u ­

t ions were functioning under the pressure of dominant socio-

economic forces and tha t the system had los t i t s autonomy.

But in foreign policy Indian p o l i t i c a l system show anatomy.

44. 3HAMBHRI (CP). Nehru and nation, bui lding. Main. VII, 11;

16 Nov 1968; 10-11,

Discuss in brief the tasks t h e t Nehru had se t for

nimself and examine how for Nehru succeeded in achieving

his goals and objec t ives . Socialism, equal i ty , freedom for

individual and democracy were the cherished goals of Nehru,

The i n s t i t u t i o n a l arrangement created by Nehru to achieve

these values, was a cons t i tu t ion , an elected parliament,

a planning commission and an expanding public sec to r ,

45. CHAGLA (MC). Remembering Nehru today, Main. 4, 11; 13 Nov

1965, 12-13.

Author has given his view on, Nehru's nonalignraent,

Kashmir problem in UN and his s c i e n t i f i c mind' Author

thought tha t policy of nonalignraent is good but i t in a

s t a t i c concept whereas i t should be cegarded as dynamic.

Nehru want the peaceful set t lement, with Pakijstan, over

50

Kashmir issue, but he did not want to solve i t a t the cost

of Indias i n t e g r i t y . Author strongly feels tha t India should

n ver have gone to the U.N. a t a l l in t h e . f i r s t instance, as

complainants. Also discusses Nehru's s c i e n t i f i c mind. I t v;as

Nehru's s c i en t i f i c vision tha t has made possible the s c i en t i f i c

and technological advancement tha t we have made i s our country.

In case i f foreign help is stopped, we should be able t o

manufacture them in country,

46. CHAKRAVART'TY (Kakhil). Do we need Nehru today? Main. 14,

39; 29 I^y 1976; 6-7. g^.

Discusses whether the legacy l e f t behand by Nehru

i s of any relevance to Indian people? TheJTe are many edifices

in India ' s p o l i t i c a l , economic and socia l l i f e tha t are

indissolably linked with the name of Nehru, There are many

aspects of Nehru's India which today claim our ser ious

a t t e n t i o n . They are making i l l i t e r a t e people to understand

the meaning of democratic temper and socialism. In 1938,

i n a report to AICC a t Haripura he said t h a t attempt to

drove out forward looking l e f t , i f successful, would be

fetal, itetnirked t h a t such a measure of far-reaching national

ben i f i t is not defended by congress men,

47. CHSLYSHEV ( E ) , We revere the memory of Nehru. Sp: Ind. 5,

26, 18 Nov 1972; 17-18.

51

Nehru was an outstanding p o l i t i c a l leader and s t a t e s ­

man of in ternat ional s ignif icance. Under his leadership India

became great power on the in ternat ional arena. Nehru devoted

much a t tent ion to t t e problem of d i a l e c t i c a l in te rac t ion of

t r a d i t i o n and innovation in the development of modern cul ture .

Despite India ' s mult i -nat ional cul ture he maintained i t s

uni ty and homogeneity. He was passionate champion of peace,

an enemy of war and colonialism.

4b. GIRI (VV). Multi-dimensional Nehru. In; JOLLY {GS) Ed. The

image of Nehru. 1968; P 11-15.

Nehru was alwasy convinced tha t the regeneration of

India dependent on the achievement of p o l i t i c a l independence,

economic change and socia l equal i ty . He believed far-reaching

economic changes could be a t ta ined only through the u t i l i s a ­

t i on of science and technology. He was enemy of the taboos

and supe r s t i t i on . He never to le ra ted bossism.

49. GRIM PROSPECTS. Main. 5, 11; 11 Nov 1966.

Ibdays d r i f t from Nehru's policy caused deep deto-

r i a t i o n in standards of public l i f e . Though Nehru had la id

i ndus t r i a l base and foundation ofa public sec tor but in

his l i f e time he could not curb the power and monopoly of

the c a p a t i l i s t . Nehru t r i e d to teach us democratic values

and ciscouraged faction fights within the pa r ty .

52

50. H.-kKSAa (PN). Relavance of Jawaharlal Kehru today. Ind • and

For Rev. 11, 21; 15 Aug 1974; 11-13.

Discusses the contribution of Nehru in designing

India. He was trying to span in a brief period of time

several centuries of social, economic, political and

cultural development from later half of thte 17th century

to 1929. He had at the same time want to chancje the economy

through industrial reTolution in a short space of time and

to carry it without causing excessive human suffering.

Nehru had the vision, the wisdom, the perception, to see

that India with it diversities, with lenguistic differences

can survive only through secularism. According to Nehru

democracy in India should be universal. It could not be

restricted Nehru made the concept of planning which can

overcame the difficulties. Nehru said Noalignment was not

the essence and substance of India foreign policy. 13ehru

belives in peaceful coexistence he said natural interest

should not conflict with the overall international interest.

51. HAK:.AR (PN). Stray Thoughts for november 14. Main. 19, 11;

15 Nov. 1960; 11-12.

Author recalled the ideas of Nehru on 'application

of science', 'equality' and 'Secularism'. Made a sattire

on Indians for their false beliefs. While world using science

and scientific temper to solve the problems of life, Indian

still believes in Pantrism'. wuoted 2 examples from 'Manu-

stariti' which are opposite to equality. Describes the meaning

of secularism and how much it is misunderstood by Indian

people.

53

52. IDEAL AND r e a l i t y . Main. 2, 11; 16 Nov 1963; 5.

After independance Nehru has s t r iven to t r a n s l a t e

the promise of yoxmger days into r e a l i t y . In the f i e ld of

in te rna t iona l a f f a i r s , he has been almost the sole a r c h i t e e t

of a wise and honest policy of peace and Non alignment. In

the domestic sphere he i s not much successful, though many

major projects have been launched and some excel lent

publ ic sector en terpr i ses have been s e t up. But a t the

some time pr iva te sec tor has become stranger and more

i n f l u e n t i a l . The wages of worker are very low while costs

increased to great extent , lb check t h i s Nehru proclaimed

emergency.

5 3 . JAWAHARLAL ISHRU Zindabad. Main. 4, 11; 13 Nov 1965, 7.

Presents continuing va l id i t y and p r ac t i c a l u t i l i t y

of the po l ic ies of Nehru. Though ce r t a in groups within and

outs ide congress want to minimize Jawaharla l ' s ro le in

consolidating the gains of freedom struggle and in preparing

the nation for playing i t s leg i t imate pa r t in world a f f a i r s .

Alongwith Patel , Nehru had an important role in the l i q u i ­

dat ion of p r inc i ly s t a t e s and uni f ica t ion of the country.

There are some persons who have for years been fighting the

pol icy of building up an indpendent, se l f r e l i a n t economy

adopted under Nehru's leadership . India fought Indo-Pak

war (1965) with weapons made a t home. I t was the greatness

of Nehru's far ighted genius.

54

54. KHAN (Rasheeduddin), Why ehru remains relevant. Main

21, 11; 13 Nov 1982; 6-7 & 37-38.

Discusses many aspect of his personal and social

life which left deep impression. The work which he done to

promote and practise socialism and secularism among the

party members and among the people of the country and his

efforts to eridicate the poison of communilisra are unforga-

table. Moreover he is considered as the architect of the

foreign policy of India after 1927.

55. KIDWAI (Anser). Vision of Jawaharlal Kehru N H 14 Nov.1985

Nehru was a world visionary who could look into the

future with a keen eye on the national imperatives. His

dreams of building new India hinged on the prespectives of

the advance in the realm of science and technology. As

first P.M. he tried to replace the inertia of colonialism

with a sprit of national ethos. Peace and nonalignment were

Nehru's commitment on the international plane.

56. MSHRA (Manraohan). Legacy of Jawaharlal Nehru. iJE 13 Jxon

1986.

Nehru took India a longway towards progress and

prosperity. He taught India the temper of democracy. He

was never tired of stressing the need for communal harmony.

He set in motion the process of integrated development and

changed the face of India. In formulation of all major

55

pol ic ies* pa r t i cu l a r l y , these concertiing economic or

i n d u s t r i a l planning, he was keen on acheiving na t ional

consensios, Nehru's foreign policy provided leadership in

the p o l i t i c a l awakening of Asia and Africa a f t e r centur ies

of colonial r u l e .

57. MENON (KPS), The Nehru technique in diplomacy. Link. 7,

42; 30 May 1965; 23-24.

Discusses the a r t of his diplomacy. Nehru was not

a complete diplomat as his diplomacy sometimes caused

misunderstandings. But such misunderstanding did not l a s t

long as his technique was always characterised by the hutian

touch. He sent babe elephants as a g i f t to Japanese children,

presented Indian mango to USSR, Nehrus diplomatic technique

was not a more display of 'mechanical s k i l l in the a r t ' of

diplomacy. But he has deep a r t i s t i c vision in the p o l i t i c s

which can penetreate beneath the surface of events and saw

the r e a l i t i e s underlying them. Nehru was a great lover of

peace i t was his e f for t tha t American-Korean wat came to an

end. In Nepal he supported king in a popular movement. He

deplored and protested against Chinese in vasion, 1950, on

riloet. Nehru want to es tabl i sh permanent friendship between

India and China but could not succeed in i t .

58. MI3HRA ( B i b h u t i ) . Remembering Nehru. Main. 3, 39; 29 May

1965; 13.

56

The exper ience of l a s t one year has conformed t h a t

wi thou t Nehru's i d e a l s and i dea s , we cannot go ah%d, for

whereever and whenever we have wavered i t , we have met with

f a i l u r e s . Though Nehru i s no :.iore in our mids t ; but h i s

s p i r i t I s t h e r e . His r e spec t for democracy, s o c i a l i s m ,

secu la r i sm and non-al igment w i l l always be remembered and

fol lowed,

59, MUKERJEE (Hiren) , Essence of the l e g a c y . £i§in. 17, 39;

26 May 1979; 6 -8 ,

Remembered Nehru 's legacy i n s h o r t . More than any man ir

i n I n d i a , he worked for the idea of a planned economy, he

laboured to bring t h e congress round t o r e c o g n i t i o n , he

^Ixjmped for a c t i v e f r i endsh ip and coopera t ion with c o u n t r i e s

of s o c i a l i s m . Remembered, for the n a t i o n a l p lans he launched,

when secular ism was in p e r i l , v/hen t h e non-al ignment faces

the danger of pe rve r s e change and Afro-Asian freedom i s

i m p e r i l l e d by t h e going on over I s r a e l and Zimbabwe and

Indo-China,

60, MUKSRJEE (Hi ren) , Where India i s , Nehru i s a l s o . Link,

7, 14; 14 Nov 1964, 25-26,

Discusses ^"ehru's c o n t r i b u t i o n in shap©ing I n a i a ,

He sought to s e t our mind in motion so t h a t , f ree from

narrow a l l e g i a n c e s which diminished man we could mo^e

toward a t r u e l y democrat ic , s e c u l a r and s o c i a l i s t f u t u r e .

57

6 1 . NARAYANAN ^KR). Nehru, the h i s to r ian Main.18. 41; 15-17.

Discusses coirrectly the Nehru's h i s t o r i c v i s i o n .

He not only looked back to the B.C. but looked forward

beyond 2000 A.D. In his h i s t o r i c a l writ ings e . g . l ie t ters

from a father to t h i s Daughter, Glimpses of World History

Discovery of India, Autobiography, he looked a t the h is tory

from the view-point of mankind, of the unity of humanity,

without sacr i f ic ing the national angle which i s necessar i ly

p a r t of any r e a l i s t i c wond view.

62. NEHRU AND his i d e a l s . N, H 27 May 1985.

Nehru was modern India ' s outstanding v i s ionary . ^

was the a rch i tec t of modem India . The task before nim were

stupendous and often of unprecedented magnitude. In shaping

the new schemes the took the peoples of di f ferent shades

a long, He steered the congress par ty through t e s t and t r i a l s

a t c r i t i c a l times and the task of nat ion-bui lding required

n is ac t ive involvement and personal guidance a t every s t e p .

.63. RAVINDER KUMAR, The vision of Jawaharlal Nehru. N H

27 May 1985.

Re examines the ideals of ^"^ehru, who played so

dis t inguished role in the struggle for p o l i t i c a l freedom

in India, and as P»M. from 1947 to 1964, l a i d the basis

for a modern i ndus t r i a l society in our midst. Sc ien t i f ic

in temper, s o c i a l i s t in content, democratic in s p i r i t and

secular in i t s e thos .

58

6 4 , REMEMBERING NEHRU. Ind N. 14 Nov 1984.

J a w a h a r l a l ' s deep coratnitment t o the p r o t e c t i o n and

wel fa re of m i n o r i t i e s has been a s h e e t anchor t o c o u n t r y ' s

p o l i c y . The non a l i g n e d movement owes i t s e x i s t e n c e t o

ifehru. I t i s d i f f i c u l t t o recount J a w a h a r l a l ' s c o n t r i b u t i o n

t o c o u n t r y ' s march t o economic p r o g r e s s , many i n d u s t r i e s

were s e t - u p and o i l d r i l l i n g programnne was l aunched . On

t h e p o l i t i c a l f ron t he was e s s e n t i a l l y a deraocrate,

65 , SAJJAD ZAHSER. Ref l ec t ions on Nehru. Main. 4, 39; 28 May

1966; 9-10.

Author was a communist and t h e r e were d i f f e r e n c e

in idea logy with Nehru, they worked t o g e t h e r . Nehru t r i e d

t o make them unders tand t h a t i n s p i t e of a l l i t s weaknesses

and s h o r t comings, t he congress did r e p r e s e n t the b igges t

p e o p l e ' s movement i n Ind ia , and the u n i t y which had a l r eady

been b u i l t round t h e congress should not be s a c r i f i e d .

Nehru conceded to young communist s i n c e r i t y of c h a r a c t e r ,

devo t ion t o our s o c i a l i s t i d e a l s , capac i ty t o v;ork and t o

s a c r i f i c e for t h e g r e a t cause of Ind ian k i b r a t i o n .

66, 3HARADA PRASAD (HY). Jawahar la l Nehru; 1964-74. Main.

12, 38 & 39, ^%y 1974; 17-18.

The au thor defended %hru from many charges e s t a ­

b l i s h e d a g a i n s t him e . g . i ) I t i s not J innah but Jawahar la l

who was the p r o g e n i t o r of Pak i s t an , i i ) He was r e s p o n s i b l e

for Ind ia tu rn ing away from Gandhi. Moreover au tho r

59

describes %hru ' s forsight in cor rec t ly predic t ing the

s i t ua t i on in ^hina and Inc i a ' s r e l a t i on with Soviet Union

in h i s confidentiSki re o r t to CWC a f t e r the conference on

Brussels congress of oppressed Nat ional i t ies in the l a t e

twent ies ,

67. SHASTRI (Lai Bahadur), 3o many things we owe him. Link.

8, 14; 14 Nov. ly65; 24-25,

Discusses the unique contr ibution of Jawaharlal

in shaping the future of India . I t ivas Nehru who thought

for the planned development of India and did e f fo r t s for

economical and technological progress . He believes in non-

alignment and peaceful coexistence, "e has a grea t love

for huminity and always thought to promote peace in world.

In case of Pakistani aggression he went to fehe UN for

peaceful s e t t l a n e n t . Belives t ha t only through science

and technology India could l i f t herse l f out of s tagnat ion

and _ poverty.

68. VALIDITY Oi? Nehru ( e d i t o r i a l ) . Main. 5, 39; 27 May 1967;

7 -8 .

Eblicies l a id down by Nehru are s t i l l va l id and

TZiavi.tion from i t or fa i lure to implement then wi l l cause

decay of the country. People £el t with j u s t i f i c a t i o n tha t

without ^"ehru, rad ica l measures aimed a t transforming the

nat ional economy were not to be expected. When assessing

i^ehru, two important factors have to be born in mind: one.

60

tnat his very presence was enough to reassure the people

that even if mistakes were made they would be rectified

in due course; and twO/ that the instrxoment by which he had

to transform his ideas into reality had neither the

collective calibre nor the cadres need for the historic

task. As for as the left opposition at the centre and the

leftists in Government in the states, their task is to

exert pressure on the union Govt, to act in confirmity with

the Nehru ideals in the social and economic spheres,

69, WILSON (Harold), ehru: A man of Indestructible faith.

In: Jolly (G3) Ed., The image of Nehru. 1968; P 63-67.

Nehru realized that it was not enough to have

political democracy but that India had to make massive

efforts to develop the economic potential of its land.

%ving established democratic and indenpendent India,

Hehru called upon it to play a role in international

affairs. The whole world has two occasions to remembers

when India's intervention was decisive for peace.

70, YADAV (Chandrajit). The values Nehru Symbolised. Main.

7, 11; 16 Nov 1968; 12,

Nehru's India based on Justice and equality, rich

and progressive, a country with a scientific outlook,

free from dogma and exploitation. To achieve these he

laid the foundation of four cornered policy-democracy,

planned economy, socialism and secularism. His constant

aim was a happy life for a common people.

61

7 1 . VENKATARAMAN (R), Nehru's legacy and human Emancipat ion.

Main. 23, 12; 1984; 7 - 8 .

Author r e c a l l s Nehru's p a s s i o n a t e d e d i c a t i o n t o

democrat ic p r o c e s s e s , world peace through NAM and humanism

embracing the family of man. Author gave c e r t a i n occass ions

where Nehru has r e v i s e d o r modified govt , p roposa l s a t the

i n s t a n c e of the rank and f i l e in the p a r t y ,

POLICIES, ADMINISTRATIVE

7 2 . TRIVEDI (KD). Nehru and a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , Ind P o l i t , Sc i R.

1, 1; Oct 1972-March 1973; 1-7.

Out l ines Nehru 's r o l e as an a d m i n i s t r a t o r , ^ could

not acheive the goa ls of modernisa t ion because t o much

e x t e n t he was a f a i l u r e as a d n i n i s t r a t o r . He conceived of

grand plans but t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e machinery lagged for

behind to implement them. His choice of persons and

ins t ruments t o ca r ryou t the n a t i o n a l t a s k o f t en f a i l e d him

but he seldom a t tempted to see where e a r l i e r e f f o r t s had

gone wrong o r how t o overcome the inadequacies of s i t u a t i o n .

Fear of c o u n t r y ' s d i s i n t e g r a t i o n was h i s g r e a t e s t o b s e s s i o n .

This very o f ten preven ted him from adopt ing a firm l i v e of

a c t i o n , POLICIES ATOMIC ENERGY

7 3 . PANDE (NK) , iSfehru's Approach to atomic energy, Sp, Ind , 5,

1; 27 May 1972; 12-13,

Nehru wants the use of atomic energy for c o n s t r u c t i v e

ends on ly , HQ cons idered t h a t atomic energy was of s i g n i ­

f i c a n t importance for I n d i a ' s development. He l a i d the

foundat ion of developing atomic energy for c o n s t r u c t i v e

62

purposes i n I n d i a .

POLICIES, COMMONWEALTH

• 74 . VISv' M (S) . CoiPnmenwealth's debt t o Nehru, tfain. 22, 1 1 ;

12 iStov 1983; 13-14 & 40.

Discusses t h a t I n d i a ' s d e c i s i o n to j o i n t h e common­

wea l th was only due t o Nehru. Nehru in h i s speech t o cons ­

t i t u e n t Assembly 16 May 1949, C l a r i f i e d the p o s i t i o n of

Ind ia as a sovere ign country and g ive reasons why he l i k e

I n d i a t o remain a member of commonwealth. Being a member

we can advance the cause of Ind i a , advance the cause of world

p e a c e . Kehru's d e c i s i o n proved to be s i g n i f i c a n t for evo lu­

t i o n of I n d i a ' s fore ign po l i cy in 40ies and SOies, and a l s o

h i s t o r i c for the newly l i b e r a t e d c o u n t r i e s of Asia and

A f r i c a .

POLICIES, CONGRESS, U.P.

7 5 . MALAVIYA (KD), Nehru and U.P. Congress . Link. 7, 42;

30 May 1965; 21-22 .

Discusses ^^ehru's c o n t r i b u t i o n in u n i t i n g and

s t r e n g t h i n g the congress in U.P. wi th the help of h i s

t r u s t e d l i e u t e n a n t s . Nehru's r o l e i n bui ld ing t h e congress

of U.P. was unique, he brought new ideas i n t o the movement.

The p r e s t i g e and s t r e n g t h of U.P, congress was mainly due

t o h i s g r e a t p e r s o n a l i t y , Nehru was alwatys conscious of

t h e f ac t t h a t h i s modern approach t o problems was not wholly

63

accep ted by h i s followers^ of ten he adjtasted h i s views

a c c o r d i n g l y . His o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s t r a t e g y was good but i t

was not a success in U.P . o r g a n i z a t i o n s . Whenever the

n a t i o n a l s t r u g g l e was in t ense i n U .P . , h i s i n f l uence and

i n s p i r a t i o n was c l e a r l y v i s i b l e . Whatever UP was a b l e t o

do in the 1942 morement was on account of the i n s p i r a t i o n

de r ived from iMehru,

POLICIES, DEMOCRACY

76 . BHAMBHRI (CP). Jawahar la l Nehru and I n d i a ' s ques t for s e l f

i d e n t i t y . P o l i t S c i - R. 13 . 1-4; Jan-Dec 1974; 25-39.

Discusses Jawahar la l Nehru's world view was based

on problems of secu la r i sm, humanism, s c i e n t i f i c o u t - l o o k

and l i b e r a l i s m . He be l ieved t h a t democracy and i n d u s t r i a l i ­

z a t i o n would provide an i d e n t i t y to the newly independent

I n d i a n na t i on . But h i s ins t ruments l i k e congress p a r t y and

bureaucracy were i l l s u i t e d for h i s g o a l s ,

77 . CHITTA RANJAN (CN). Temper of t o l e r a n c e . Main. 15, 1 1 ;

13 Nov 1976; 7 - 9 .

Outl ines Nehru 's c o n t r i b u t i o n upon a few a s p e c t s

which have con t inu ing v a l i d i t y and which wl l remain the

shee t -anchor for the long t i m e , i'or Nehru democracy meant

t o l e r a n c e , "''t was the temper of t e l e r a n c e t h a t e i a v a t e d him

high above his con temporar ies . I t was fashion to c r i t i c i z e

Nehru on even minor t h i n g s . I t was ^^ehru who bring d i r e c t i v e

64

Principles in our const i tu t ion, he made i t f l e x i b l e . For

him democracy is not merely elect ions but s e l f -d i s c ip l ine

of community. Nehru wanted tha t opposition should play a

construct ive role in nat ion 's progress .

78, MAL.WIYA (KD). Builder of democracy. Link. 9, 14; 13 Nov

1966; 24-26.

Discusses the contribution of Nehru in rea l democra­

t i z a t i o n of the en t i r e l i f e of our country. He believes in

fu l l freedom to a l l i t s people in a l l r e spec t s . Nehru

belives in pr inc ip les of democracy and i t was his fa i th in

freedom tha t goaded him to release sheikh Abdullah. In the

t a t e r years a f t e r 1948 democaracy consolidated i t s e l f

through a ser ies of elect ions a t d i f ferent levels of our

soc ie ty . Nehru was busy in guiding the socia l construction

of India, he did not takle the healthy re la t ionship between

the party and s t a t e , reul t ing power passed into the hands

of bureaucracy. To remove th i s ev i l he implemented the

Kamraj Plam in his l a s t days.

79. MUKHERJSE (Somen). Nehru: the democratic vis ionary, A. B. Pat.

Nehru's a c t i v i t i e s in the years of Ind ia ' s struggle

for freedom made him and intense mat ional is t and one of the

leader of humanism. % la id down the foundation to democ­

racy ' s basic i n s t i t u t i o n . The movement against neo-colonism

look a new dimension under his leadership . From s c i e n t i f i c

socialism he borrowed the concept of economic planning for

country 's growth.

65

80 , SIlslGH (R). Prolegomena t o a conceptual t r e a t m e n t of Nehru's

view of democracy. P o l i t . Sciv R, 11 , 2 - 3 ; Apr-Sept 1972;

166-177.

Discusses ^^ehru's ideas on democracy. His i deas a re

h igh ly sugges t ive and may provide a bas is for a sy s t ema t i c

t h e o r y . ^ was g r e a t l y inf luenced by l i b e r a l i s m , Marxism and

Gandhism but however, these a re not p rope r ly i n t e g r a t e d in

h i s thought . To Nehru, donocracy was not a form of gov t ,

but a way of l i f e wi th empiricism and p h i l o s o p h i c a l relati­

vism as i t s p r e s u p p o s i t i o n , ^e p leaded for a combination of

democracy on s o c i a l i s m . On the "major i ty irule Vs minor i ty

r i g h t s " con t rove r sy . Nehru leaned toward the m a j o r i t a r i a n

t h e s i s . He wanted a balance between freedom and e q u a l i t y ;

ye t the idea of freedom was the q u i t e essence of h i s

ph i losophy of l i f e .

POLICIES, aOMSSTIC AND FORISGN

8 1 . DAMODARAN (AK). Nehru va lues . N a t i o n ' s Touchstone. Main.

22, 39; May 1984; 19-23.

Discusses Nehru's c o n t r i b u t i o n in shaping I n d i a ' s

domest ic and fo re ign p o l i c y . Assessed the importance and

re l evancy of h i s p o l i c y 20 yr a f t e r h i s d e a t h . Domestic

p o l i c i e s concerned about the , nead for s o c i a l j u s t i c e ,

p a r l i a m e n t a r y democracy, r n t i o n a l i n t e g r a t i o n and bu i ld ing

up l a r g e I n f r a s t r u c t u r e of heavy indxistry and i r r e g a t i o n .

86

system. Foreign p l i c i e s covered in th i s a r t i c l e which l e f t

effect on xxionalignrnent, impact of Goa episode on l i b r e t i o n

s t ruggle in Africa, areas of in te rna t iona l cooperation and

functioning of United Nations and i t s secur i ty counci l .

Emphasizes in short events and ideas of i n t e l l e c t u a l s which

l e f t an imperession on his p o l i c i e s .

82. FISHER (MW). Ind ia ' s Jawaharlal Nehru. As Surv. 7 ,6; Jun

1967; 363-373.

Ar t ic le underlay Nehru's domestic and foreign

p o l i c i e s , ^ feared tha t Indian p o l i t i c a l independence

might be v i t i a t e d through economic domination; he wanted

India to be a shining example" ra ther than a cheap and

inef f ic ien t repl ica" of western nat ions; Nehru had also

pondered problems of leadership, cul l ing from his reading

during the ear ly 1940 pr inciples and t ac t i c s which he l a t e r

pursued as P.M.

POLICIES, ECONOMIC

83. KOTOVSKY (GG). Jawaharlal Nehru's ^egacy. Main, 18, 12;

17 Nov 1979; 11-13.

Discusses h i s t o r i c role of Nehru in Ind ia ' s develop­

ment with due regard to s o c i a l i s t construct ion, Nehru put

forward the task of acfaieving economic independence though

indus t r i a l i s a t i on , with emphasis on development of the

publ ic sector and u t i l i s a t i o n of planning. There are some

67

major fundamental pr inc ip les which determined his economic

po l i cy : i) Indus t r i a l i za t ion i i ) establishment of heavy-

industry i i i ) mixed economy iv) Planning v) Interdependent

development of industry and a g r i c u l t u r e . In accomplishing

the for reaching goals of i ndus t r i a l i s a t i on , the purpose-

fulness of Soviet-Indian economic cooperation reveals

i t s e l f in i t s following basic d i s t i n c t i v e featxires:

i ) t h i s cooperation develops in the f ie ld of building the

core of Ind ia ' s i ndus t r i a l po t en t i a l , 2) every new stages

means a step towards lessening the dependence on external

economic factors, 3) th i s cooperation has played the role

of an important ca ta lys t in soviet-Indian commercial re la t ions

84. KRISKiviA MSi ON (VK) . Hg had the feel of the people. Link. 9,

14; 13 Nov 1966; 21-23.

Discusses Nehru's effort to remove the poverty of

the masses of the Indian people. He was so deeply involved

in the condition of the Indian people t h a t i t became the

detennining factor in his approach and outlook. He had a

very c lear notion of the imperative economic re la t ionsh ip

t h a t alone could make Swaraj rea l or meaningful. He said

soc ia l transformation of a revolutionary character are

necessary to change the underprivileged condition of masses.

He was t o t a l l y opposed to joining any power bloc because

t h a t would inevi tably have dragged him into the mischief

of imperialism.

68

85. MARTYSHIN (OV). i-eadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, l^.^.

28 Dec, 1985.

Discusses the role played by Nehru in building a

new independent India . Under his premiership govts , economic

pol icy was for moderation and didnot encroach on p r iva te sec­

t o r but i t introduced the mixed economy p r i n c i p l e s . In 1955

. on Nehru's Instance, INC passed a resolut ion t h a t the basic

means of production would be publ ic ly owned, ^e nat ional ised

the imperial bank. On 30 Apr. 1956 indus t r i a l pol icy was

again changed in favour of public sector view approaches

were made the basis of second Five-year p lan .

86. MISRA (Sat ish) . ' ' p lanner ' s v i s i on . Pa^. 6 Dec 1984.

Nehru had introduced the concept of planning in the

Indian Scheme of things for the specif ic objective of

shaping his dream into a l iving r e a l i t y . Nehru wanted to

provide a plarmed economic content to the democratic

s t ruc tu re of the Indian socie ty . The role of public sector

in economic development of 'India was his so lu t ion . I t i s

d i f f i c u l t to think of an industry today, which is not the

d i r e c t or indi rec t r e su l t of his planning.

87. MuORTKY KRISHNA ( K ) . Origin 's of public sec to r . Main.

23, 12; fev 1984; 43-47.

Discusses ^^ehru's contribution in the establishment

and development of public sector in Ind ia . In 1938 a

na t ional planning committee was appointed by the Indian

69

National Congress under i ehru's Chairmanship, Nehiru pleaded

for public sector and severely restricted the scope of free

snterprize. "e was also not in favou:. that countries eccuorny

be base largely on cottage and small scale industry. On

these points he defferent from Gandhiji. Again after inde­

pendence an Economic Progranme Committee was appointed by

AICC on Nov 1, 1947 under his chairmanship, here he has

given weightage to the public ownership. Again in April

1948 he on behalf of govt, of India presented its industrial

policy resolution. Though the effective portion of resolu­

tion is extremely ' «eak but titled towards the govt, control

over the industries,

88, RAO (TIM), Accent of self-reliance, "k':' -. Ht...\... 1. 27 May

1985.

Nehru saw it was essential to rebuild the economy,

to lay the foundations of industrial and scientific progress

and to expand education and other social services. The

prespective which Nehru visualised in the long run, a self-

generating economy, self-reliant and free from foreign

influences capable of providing employment for all job

seekers atleast at living wage. For him planning was science

in action. He always advocated flexibility in approach.

70

POLICIES, ELECTIONS

8 9 . TEACHER AM) Campaigner. Link. 9, 14; 13 Nov. 1966; 28-30.

Discusses iMehru's way of compaigning in e l e c t i o n s .

His campaign speeches were meant to educate the peop le , not merel;

t o win vokss of h i s p a r t y c a n d i d a t e s . Mehru regarded

e l e c t i o n s as an e s s e n t i a l and i n t e g r a l p a r t of our democra­

t i c p r o c e s s . Mehru evolved h i s e l e c t i o n technique in 1937

congress e l e c t i o n . In 1951-52 e l e c t i o n s Nehru tou red e x t e n s i ­

v e l y and ask people be vote for congress , t o s t r e n g t h e n

n a t i o n a l un i ty , to complete the unf in i shed r e v o l u t i o n , t o

b u i l d a s o c i a l i s t i c o r d e r . In 1957 e l e c t i o n he d id not

t a k e much i n t e r e s t probably he want the congress o r g a n i s a ­

t i o n to l o o k - a f t e r h imsel f . In 1962 e l e c t i o n s he aga in took

s t e r n o u s t o u r r e s u l t i n g he fa-llen i l l .

POLICIES, FOREIGN

90. MENQN (KPS). Jawahar la l Nehru: B r idge -bu i l de r . Link. 8,

14; 14 Nov 1965; 21-22 .

Discusses the Nehru's r o l e in making r e l a t i o n s with

o t h e r c o u n t r i e s . During the pe r iod of r e v o l u t i o n , U.S.S.R.

and China broke t h e i r r e l a t i o n s with west, but Ind ia

s t r e n g t h e n i t , India e s t a b l i s h e d and s t r eng thened i t s

r e l a t i o n with neighbouring Asian n a t i o n s s p e c i a l l y with

China and West Asian c o u n t r i e s . Nehru 's made e f f o r t s i n

s t r e n g t h e n i n g r e l a t i o n between Ind ia and U.S.S.R. He a l s o

t r i e d t o e s t a b l i s h e d good r e l a t i o n s between U.S.S.R. and

U.S.A. and U . j .S .R . and U.K.

71

9 1 . MIROWOV (Leonid). Nehru's F i r s t v i s t to so Soviet Union.

Main. 14, 11; 15 Nov 1975. 19-20.

Discusses the importance of %hru ' s f i r s t v i s i t to

U.S.S.R. and what impression i t l e f t on him. Insp i te of the

prohibi tory orders of the Bri t ish govermnent. They managed

to come to Moscow to pa r t i c ipa te in celebrat ion for October

Revolution. There Nehru had in t e re s t ing meetings with

Makhail Kalinin, A. Lunacharsky e tc and with workers and

peasen t s . The successes of the Soviet people in s o c i a l i s t

recontruction so strongly impressed Nehru t h a t on returning

India , he began to popularise s o c i a l i s t idea as the only

solut ion to the multi-dimensional socia l and economic

problems of India.

92. RAY (Aswinik;. Relevance of Nehru Model, Main. 18, 41,

7 June, 1980, 17-22 & 30-31.

Auther discusses the operat ive dimensions of the

Nehru's foreign policy model to the two blocs in cold

war i . e . U.S.S.R. and U.S.A. I t a lso discusses Nehru's

China pol icy . Ar t ic le make i t c lea r that the p r inc ipa l

categories of the Nehru Model-Socialism, secularism and

Nonalignment-still remain val id as worthy ideas* But

Nehru Model needs to be ip-dated in i t s operative

dimension to be successful .

72

9 3 . VA3HISHT (Subhadra) . Nehru's p o s i t i v e n e u t r a l i s m . KJi, 14

Nov 1985. 5:3

Nehru def ined the o b j e c t i v e s of foreign p o l i c y i n a

speech t o c o n s t i t u e n t assanbly in 1949, He wanted t o mainta in

independent fore ign p o l i c y for I n d i a . He wanted India t o

p l a y not only an innova t ive but a l s o courageous r o l e in the

world p o l i t i c s , Nehru has planed t h e seeds of Nonalignment

He wished for Ind ia so be a l a s t i n g champion of peace by

p e r s u i n g a p o l i c y of p o s i t i v e n e u t r a l i s m ,

94, GANE3H PRASAD, Nehru and U.K. Labour ' s MacDonaddism. Main.

18, 39; 24 May 1980; 13-17 & 19.

Discusses the in ju r ing p o l i c i e s of l abour gov t , towards

I n d i a , under the Prime m i n i s t e r s h i p of James Ramsay Mac-

Donald. Emphasizes how Nehru gave prompt and cogent rebuffs

and r e b u l t a l s to MacDonald and Company. Also d i s c u s s e s

Nehru 's c o n t r i b u t i o n t o e s t a b l i s h f r a t e r n a l r e l a t i o n s with

o r g a n i s a t i o n s abroad t h a t were genuine ly a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t

and making congress an a s s o c i a t e member and AITUC and

a f f i l i a t e member of the League.

POLICIES, FRE DOM STRUGGLE

9 5 . KHWAJA AHMED ABBAS. Ind ia , Spain and Nehru. Main. 5, 1-4;

Annual Number; 79-80,

In Indians t h e r e was a genera l wave of sympathy

for the Spanish cause . This sense of i n t e r n a t i o n a l s o l i ­

d a r i t y in the midst of n a t i o n a l i s t i c s t r u g g l e was the

73

i n s p i r a t i o n of Nehru who taught the Ind ian people t h a t t h e r e

own freedom was l inked wi th the freedom of a l l o t h e r peoples

of the wor ld . Nehru's p a s s i o n a t e s tand in suppor t of the

freedom f i g h t e r s for s p a i h i s h freedom has a d i r e c t and

r e l e v a n t bear ing upon the contemporary s i t u a t i o n .

96 , i'iOhAES (FranKJ . Nehru and the meaning of freedom In* J o l l y

(GS) Ed. rhe image of Nehru. 1968; P 17-24.

Nehru saw the freedom not only i n terms of p o l i t i c a l

independence but in the s o c i a l and economic upl i f tment of

masses . Freedom to Nehru was meaningless un l e s s alongwith

freedom from p o l i t i c a l bondage came freedom from economic

s e r v i l i t y which meant the welfare of the masses , Nehru knew

t h a t I n d i a ' s s t r u g g l e for freedom has a g l j ^ a l s i g n i f i c a n c e .

P0LICIS3 K\3HMIR

97 . 3ADIQ (GM). Nehru and Kashmir. Main. 2, 1 1 ; 16 Nov 1963;

12-13.

Discusses t h e r o l e of Nehru i s moulding the p o l i t i c a l

thought of t h e people of Kashmir and in guid ing them g r a d u a l l y

to unders tand t h e i r problems in a broader a l l - India p r e s -

p e c t i v e . . H e i s c lo se ly a s s o c i a t e d with the Kashmir 's movement

s ince i t s i n c e p t i o n . I t was t h e in f luence of Nehru t h a t

Muslim conference was conver ted i n t o Nat ional conference in

1939. Since then the bonds between N.C. and I .N .C . became

s t r a n g e r and meaningful. I t was the Nehru's pe r sona l suppor t

74

and a s s o c i a t i o n with the i^ashmir movement a l l aloD@ i t s

march to freedom t h a t u l t i m a t e l y brought %shmi r i n to I n d i a . .

POLICIES LAND REFORM

98 . NKP (Pseud) . Nehru held land reforms necessa ry for s o c i a l

s t a b i l i t y . So., Ind . 5, 1; 2? May 1972, 7 - 8 .

Land reform measures have been a pos t of the congress

p o l i c y s i n c e the Karachi congress of 1931. Nehru completely

abo l i shed the 18th century e v i l of Zaraindari by 1956 and had

c l ea red the way toward r e c o n s t r u c t i o n of Ind i an a g r i c u l t u r e ,

by 24th amendment of c o n s t i t u t i o n .

9 9 . 3UDHIR CHAD.RA. Nehru and Seventeenth Amendment. *%in. 7,

38; 24 May 1969, 12.

Discusses need for 17th amendment, of the c o n s t i t u t i o n .

The need for 17th amendment a rose because a n\jmber of land

reform laws had been s t r u c k down as being v i o l a t i v e of

a r t i c l e s 14gi 19, and 31 of the c o n s t i t u t i o n . The anomalies

i n | g r a r i a n reforms were removed, by s p e c i a l l y inc luding

lands he ld under ryotwar i s e t t l e m e n t and ano the r a g r i c u l t u r a l

lands in the d e f i n i t i o n of term e s t a t e , so t h a t c o n s t i t u t i o n a l

p r o t e c t i o n could be made a v a i l a b l e throughout the country ,

by i n c l u s i o n of the e x i s t i n g land reforme l aws .

POLICIES LANGUAGE

100. WIDE ANGLE (Pseud) . Hindi backlash and Nehru 's promise Main.

5, 11 ; 11 Nov 1966; 22-23 .

75

A r t i c l e i s an a n a l y s i s of the p r e s s u r e p o l i t i c s

behind the language i s s u e which s tands in the way of Nehru's

promise to the non-Hindi people being f u l f i l l e d . Sindhi has

been recognised long ago as one of the n a t i o n a l languages but

Urdu has no o f f i c i a l s t a t u s o r p r o t e c t i o n . P r e s i d e n t Radha

Krishnan in h i s budget s e s s i o n of pa r l i amen t s a id t h a t g o v t .

w i l l c a r ryou t the assurance of Nehru. Yet noth ing has been

done in t h i s r e g a r d . The formula a r r i v e d by working committee

was not s a t i s f y i n g to the non Hindi s t a t e s .

POLICIES, MARXISM

101 . SHASTRI (MS), i^ehru and Marxism. Main. 5, 39; 27 May, 1967

16-26.

Discusses t h e in f luence of Marxism on Nehru. Nehru

c a r r i e d on an in t ense p o l i t i c a l and i d e o l o g i c a l f igh t a g a i n s t

a n t i - s o c i a l i s m and a n t i - s o v i e t i s m cefore independence. Af te r

independence Marxis ts saw in Nehru, only a compromises and a

b e t r a y e r of the na t iona ia t sp i r a t ions and not only put up a

determined oppos i t ion but i s o l a t e d them se lves from Nehru.

'•''ehru in t roduced planning and pub l ic s e c t o r and enuncia ted

an i n d u s t r i a l po l i cy to curb the monopolies . Another major

c o n t r i b u t i o n of Nehru i s t h a t he brought a wide-based democ­

racy through a d u l t f ranch ise and govt , by pa r l i amen t , freedom

of p r e s s e t c . Non-alignment and p o s i t i v e n e u t a l i t y a re the

Nehru's fore ign p o l i c y . Marxis t made s e c t a r i a n mistakes in

76

the assessment of Nehru's foreign policy. They thought

that effective struggle for peace could be waged exculi

-se'vely by communists. Nehru saw the things in different

way and in more rational and correct v;ay. Like Lenin,

Nehru has also contributed to the thought and leadership

of the Marxist all over the world.

POLICIES, NHriOiViALISM

102. PARTHA3ARTHI (G). Nehru on democracy. Socialism and eace

Main. 23, 12; Nov 1984; 9-10 & 49-50.

Author has successfully communicated the passion

with which Nehru pursued the goal of National Integration

through the instrument of secularism, democracy and socia­

listic programme. To Nehru, democracy and socialism had to

go together. Article also describes how j-'ehru saw the past

and future of India with the trained eyes of historian.

103. GANESH PRASAD. Nehru and Nationalism, in. 9, 39; 29 May

1971; 22-25.

Discusses the Nehruite nationalism. Nehruite natio­

nalism was a definite ideal, a positive norm, a fraternal

movement, a cathalic creed and a mass phenomenon. At home

it stood for active partnership and fraternity with the

growing movements of peasents, workers and middle classes.

A broad, it became an inalienable and powerful ally the antl-

fascist and anti imperialist movements. It shook off the

77

pur i s t and insula^ outlooK^£_^4u3«:ilxst negativism. I t

encouraged the inflow of progressive ideas and i d e a l s ,

Nehruism was an epoch making factor in nat ional thinking.

The i^ehruite approach was nat ional , near, d i a l e c t i c a l ,

correct and p a t r i o t i c ,

104, GOPAL, '" - formative ideology of Jawaharlal Nehru, Econ

and Pol i t Weekly. 11, 21; "ay 1976; 787-792.

Discusses tha t the ambivalences of ^^ehru's ideology

were sometimes dangerous in the years a f t e r 1947, because

i t necessar i ly meant a d i lu t ion of the t h ru s t of po l icy .

I f we look a t the idealogy of Asian and African nationalism,

^^ehru's e f for t s of formulating a coherent body of thought

and prac t ice seem hal t ing . So long as nationalism in colonial

countries was the comfortable monoply of only muddle c l a s s ,

there was no need to s t r i v e for a well-thought out philosophy

of ac t ion . But once nationalism because a heterogenous socia l

movement, t h i s monoply of the middle c lass was broken, and i t

became Nehru's burden to find out for nationalism an idealogy

which would hold the various classes together ,

105. J03HI (PCj, Building new India , Main, 22, 11; 12 Nov 1983,

11-12 6: 50.

Discusses the v i t a l elements of " ehru Tradition

Emphasizes Nehru's role as the bridge builder between

divergent idological forces in Indian nationalism, as the

creator of an i n t e l l e c t u a l and moral casis for the unif ica t ion

7S

of d ive rgen t p o l i t i c a l forces in n a t i o n a l p o l i t i c s , Nehru

syn thes i ze s t h e v i t a l e l e v e n t s of 3 major modes of thought^

i ) Indian Tradxuxon, i i ) L i b e r a l t r e n d i i i ) Marxis t and

o t h e r s o c i a l i s t i c t r e n d s , t o cope with the problem of

Indian p e o p l e .

POLICIES NAM

106. MALATHI (M) . I f "ehru were a l i v e today . So Ind."'8/5?- 29 ,T>ec A

.1973, 17.

Nehru worked for two j jnportant purposes in h i s l i f e ,

namely, to make In ida moraly s t rong and t o br ing b e t t e r

r e l a t i o n between America and •Russia, He brought t o g e t h e r

a l l newly independent c o u n t r i e s and formed the non a l igned

group of n a t i o n s . He never l i k e d m i l i t a r y a l l i a n c e s between

the countr:>ies • But he was not a g a i n s t the m i l i t a r y a i d .

^e was a g r e a t democrate, t h e r e f o r e he behaved as n a t i o n a l

l e a d e r .

107. NURUL HASAN (3 ) , Nehru and i^na l ignment . Main. 18, 12;

17 Nov 1979; 7 .

Discusses " e h r u ' s c o n t r i b u t i o n i n non^ligned movement.

The seeds of non-alignment were t o be found in the po l i cy

of INC, i n 1936, under the P res iden t sh ip of Nehru. Nehru

wanted to mainta in c lose c o n t a c t s with l i b e r a t i o n movements

in Egypt, P a l e s t i n e , Af r i ca , Indonesia and o t h e r p a r t s of

the world. As a r e s u l t of the emergence of newly - l i be r a t ed

coun t r i e s on the s©ene having c lose a f f i n i t y of h i s t o r i c a l

79

e x p e r i e n c e s and i n t e r e s t s , t h e n o n a l i g n e d movement came i n t o

e x i s t e n c e , Nehru emphas i sed from t h e v e r y B)egining t h a t non -

Al ignment d i d not mean e i t h e r n e u t r a l i t y o r e q u i d i s t a n c e .

Accord ing t o i^&hiru, t h e n o n - a l i g n m e n t movement would be one

which would f i g h t a g a i n s t t h e s u p p r e s s i o n of some p e o p l e

Dy o t h e r s , rhe n o n - a l i g n e d movement has s o l i d i t y come o u t

a g a i n s t i n p e r i a l i s m , c o l o n i a l i s m , r a c i s m , -Zionism and a p a r t ­

h e i d .

POLIffilES PARLIAMENT

1 0 8 . KASHYAP (Subhash C ) . J a w a h a r l a l Nehru and P a r l i a m e n t ,

I _ E . 14 Nov 1985 .

The d r i v i n g f o r c e b e h i n d ^ e h r u ' s c o n t r i b u t i o n t o

p a r l i a m e n t was a p rofound d e m o c r a t i c s p i r i t . He p l a y e d an

o u t s t a n d i n g r o l e in bjiLlding o u r p a r l i a m e n t a r y i n s t i t u t i o n s

and e s t a b l i s h i n g h e a l t h y p r a c t i c e s and p r e c e d e n t s . He was

f i rm t h a t c o u r t s cou ld n o t become a t h i r d l e g i l a t i v e chamber ,

t h e r e r o l e was t o i n t e r p r e t t h e laws made by p a r l i a m e n t and

n o t t o l a y down l a y s . Nehru l a i d down some c o n v e n t i o n s of

l a s t i n g v a l u e by upho ld ing t h e s p e a k e r s p o s i t i o n i n t h e h o u s e .

POLICIES, PEACE

1 0 9 . RIFAwUrtT ALI ( 3 ) . Nehru: Man of p e a c e , fi^ain. 9 , 39; 29 May

1971 ; 28 & 3 8 .

D i s c u s s e s N e h r u ' s q u e s t f o r p e a c e . He d e s i r e d f o r

p e a c e and p l e n t y n o t o n l y f o r I n d i a bu t f o r e n t i r e w o r l d .

so

This l e d him to h i s p o l i c y of n o n a l i g n m e n t , t h i s pol icy-

p a i d I n d i a good d i v i d e n d s , s h e had r e c i e v e d a i d from bo th

USA and USSR. Modern I n d i a had been h i s c o n c e p t o f p l a n n e d

deve lopment of t he c o u n t r y on t h e b a s i s of democracy and

s o c i a l j u s t i c e , " e i n v o l k e d t h e t h e o r y of mixed economy.

I n d i a made wonder fu l p r o g r e s s b a s i c a l l y u n d e r h i s a b l e

g u i d a n c e ,

1 1 0 . SURENUJSR KUMAR., s e n t i n e l of freedom and p e a c e . Main . 2, 4 2 ;

13 June 1964; 1 2 - 1 3 .

D i s c u s s e s t h e N e h r u ' s s u p p o r t t o t he a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t

a n t i - c o l o n i a l i s t s t r u g g l e i n Asia* A f r i c a and l a t i n A m e r i c a .

Long b p f o r e I n d i a ' s i n d e p e n d e n c e , he made i t a m i s s i o n of

h i s l i f e to g i v e more and more s t r e n g t h t o t h e ove rpbwer ing

u r g e f o r freedom and l i b r a t i o n i n d e p e n d e n t c o u n t r i e s . When

he become PM he t r i e d i n h i s own way t o implement what he

had so long p r o p a g a t e d . He knew t h a t t h e n u c l e a r d e v a s t a t i o n

c o u l d l e a d to t h e a n n i h i l a t i o n of humani ty i t s e l f . T h e r e f o r e

f o r e s t a b l i s h i n g peace i n t h e wor ld , he d i d n o t s p a r e any

e f f o r t . Korea o r I n d o - C h i n a , Middle E a s t o r L a t i n Amer ica , he

s t r o v e t o cheek t h e naked a g g r e s s i o n i n a b i d f o r n e s t o r i n g

p e a c e .

PCLICIE3, SGISHCE AND rECHNOLOGY

1 1 1 , CHITTA RANJAi - (CN). S c i e n t i f i c t e m p e r . Main . 2, 4 1 ;

13 June 1964. 10-11&20.

81

Discusses Jawaharlal 's contribution for development

of science and technology. He was often been described as

the only Indian leader with a complete modern s c i e n t i f i c mind.

•He didnot believe in re l ig ion but assessed tha t prac t ice of

re l ig ion had given a se t of values to human l i f e , though some

are out dated but others were s t i l l the foundation of

mor i l i t y . He has difference with Gandhiji on the place of

science of technology. Gandhiji la id emphasis on the charkha

and the development of v i l l age economy but Nehru emphasized

on large scale i ndus t r i a l i z a t i on . During the independence

s truggle he was perhaps the only congress leader constantly

emphasised the need to modernize India , After independence

he se t about the task of transforming the face of India,

Ti l l the very end he was act ive in organizing s c i en t i f i c

research.

112. KAMRAJ (K) . ^ath he showed us . Link. 8, 14; 14 Nov 1965;

21-22.

Discusses the ef for t s of Nehru in achieving se l f

re l iance in defence and development. Self re l iance can be

acheived by making indus t r i a l bases and increasing ag r i cu l ­

tu ra l production in the country. In 1965's war with Pakistan,

Indian army fought with country made tanks, plames and

ammunition and won. Qnphasizes that there should be a second

l ine leadership to carry Nehru's ideal and policy e f fec t ive ly .

82

113. MUSIoBH UDDIiM (M). Nehru: mn of Science. Main. 9, 39;

29 May 1971; 27 & 38.

Presents iMehru's fa i th in science and technology^

i^ehru had a profound belief in science and s c i e n t i f i c

method, ^e welcomed the revolutionary impact of science and

technology and realized that without science and technology

we cannot progress" . According to Nehru s c i e n t i f i c approach

and temper should be a way of l i f e , a process of thinking

and a method of srting and associat ing with our fellow men,

biehiru cease lers ly strove to give his people a s c i en t i f i c

outlook and create for science and s c i e n t i s t s a nutnring

atmosphere,

114. NARAYANAN (KR). Jawaharlal Nehru's vision of Science and

technology. Main. 25, 9; 15 Nov. 1986; 8-10.

Discusses the Nehru's contribution in advancing

science and technology in India , ^e was considered the

builder of s c i en t i f i c and technological i n f r a s tmc tu re in

India, Nehru believes t h a t the need to made science sub­

serve man by appling i t not only in heavy indus t r ies and

other sophis t ica ted f ie lds , but in ag r i cu l tu re , small scale

indus t r ies e t c . re la t ing to dai ly l i f e and cul ture of the

ordinary man. He was of the view that ins tead of advancing

science for destruct ive ^jurposes i t should be advanced to

solve socia l and en-iironmental human porblems.

83

1 1 5 . mED FOR p e r s p e c t i v e , il^ain. 12, 38 & 39, 25 May 1975; 1 2 .

The v i s i o n of t e c h n o l o g i c a l p r o g r e s s w i t h t he

o b j e c t i v e of a c h i e v i n g s e l f - r e l i a n c e was l a r g e l y i m p a r t e d t o

t h i s n a t i o n by iMehru. Moreover N e h r u ' s o b j e c t i v e o f g rowth

accompained by s o c i a l j u s t i c e i s h a l t e d i n p a c e t o a

c o n s i d e r a b l e d e g r e e s p e c i a l l y by t h e f o r c e s o t v e s t e d

i n t e r e s t i n p o l i t i c a l and a d m i n i s t r a t i v e s e t u p . In a d d i t i o n

t o t h e s o c i a l j u s t i c e c a n n o t be a c h e i v e d b e c a u s e of low

r e c o r d of p r o d u c t i v i t y .

POLICIES, SECULARISM

1 1 6 . CHALAPATHI RAU (M). Mi les t o go and m i l e s t o g o . Main,

17, 39; 26 May 1979; 4 - 5 .

D i s c u s s e s ^ h r u ' s a c h i e v e m e n t s i n v a r i o u s f i e l d s

"Nehru was a man of h igh a m b i t i o n who a c h e i v e d a h i g h

p l a c e i n t h e c o n g r e s s . For long y e a r s he was i n p r i s i o n ,

where l i f e i s was t ed but where he d id most o f h i s w r i t i n g

and t h i n k i n g . Nehru always measured h i m s e l f a g a i n s t t h e

s o c i a l and economic f o r c e s and worked f o r t h e s o c i a l and

economic r e v o l u t i o n . G a n d h i j i r e a l i s e d t h a t Nehru was n o t

o n l y a d e d i c a t e d man, b u t a man of g r e a t n o b i l i t y and h igh

c h a r a c t e r , he t h o u g h t I n d i a would be s a f e i n h i s h a n d s .

N e h r u ' s a b i d i n g c o n t r i b u t i o n c o n s i s t o f s e c u l a r i s m . I n s p i t e

of communal o u t b r e a k s , s e c u l a r i s m has s a v e d t h e i n t e g r i t y

o f t h e c o u n t r y . N e h r u ' s n o n a l i g n m e n t was a p o s i t i v e p o l i c y -

and t h e r e was n o t h i n g non g e n u i n e a b o u t i t .

84

117 . GOYAL (DR). Affront to Nehru l egacy . Main. 22, 11; 12 Nov

1983; 15-16 & 37.

Discusses the INlehru's c o n t t i b u t i o n i n making the

India a s e c u l a r s t a t e , ^ h i l e the na t ions wind i s sought to

be poisoned oy RS33. Descr ibes what i s Ekatraala Yagna of

Vishwa Hindu Parishad and what i s i t s o b j e c t i v e . "Yagna"

i s a campaign for c o n s o l i d a t i o n of Hindu Unity and by a

combined worship of the Ganga and Bharat Mata and i t a l s o

inc ludes 3 main y a t r a s s t a r t i n g from Kathmandu, Hardwar and

Ganga s a g a r . I t s aim i s to i n s t i l among Hindus a fea r of

demographic coup p l o t t e d by Muslims and c h r i s t i a n s and to

develop m i l i t a r y among Hindu's to p r o t e c t t h e i r r e l i g i o n ,

c u l t u r e and honour.

118, GOYAL (DR). Secularisms A h e r i t a g e to defend. Main. 19,

1 1 ; 15 Nov 1980; 30-31*

Discuss the c o n t r i b u t i o n of Nehru to make India a

t r u e l y s e c u l a r s t a t e , ^e t r i e d to remove the f ea r of

s u p e r s t i t i o n , free people from the hands of a s t r o l o g e r s ,

soo thsayers and c h a r l a t a n s . In 1962 e l e c t i o n s pundi t s . nd \

p r e i s t s persuaded the people of country to j o i n Asthagrah

• Yagna to c€|l«mity. He debunk i t i n his e l e c t i o n speeches

and won the e l e c t i o n . His e l e c t i o n campaign become an

educat ion of the common man to be free from s u p e r s t i t i o n s .

He fought communalism with a g r e a t courage . Af te r p a r t i t i o n

when h i s c a b i n e t col leagues planning to meet the communal

85

challanges through compromise with BSS, he denied i t . Many

times he risked his l i f e by rushing into the midst of

frenzied mob,

119. ISLEVANCE of Nehru. Tnjj_ 4 Nov 1984.

Discusses ^^ehru's ceareless t a t t l e against coramuni-

lism. Nehru was f i r s t a r ipe humanitation and then a r ipe

p o l i t i c i a n while a majority of p o l i t i c i a n have no use of

humanitarian. They engineer cotrraunal r i o t s to dislodge

others from the seat of power and to occupy then . These

were communal r i o t s even in l ifet ime of Nehru, but his

broad, humanitarian viewpoint modified the acerbi ty of

s i t u a t i o n s . Nehru was a p a t r i o t of Truest s t e e l who never

lowered his ideals in the cause of self i n t e r e s t ,

120, 5AIYIDAIK UG), Sehru and in tegra t ion . Main. 9, 39; 29 May

1971; 19-20 & 39,

Outlines the role played by Nehru in in tegra t ion

of India , In order to build up a s t rong, united, well-

in tegrated India, he powerfully advocated the idea of a

secular s t a t e and had i t enshrined in our cons t i tu t ion .

In any country of the world in tegra t ion is a d i f f i cu l t

problem. Peoples can be divided by the same language,

re l ig ion and ideology. To avoid t h i s , when Indias p o l i t i c a l

future was dif ined. I t was de l ibera t ly decided to es tab­

l i sh a secular , democratic, s o c i a l i s t i c s t a t e . Secularism

according to autr^or i s a policy which el iminates d iscr imi­

nation based on re l ig ion but doesnot place any hurdle in

S6

the free exercise of t h e i r re l ig ious f a i t h . Therefore the

secur i s t approach is a s c i e n t i f i c approach. Ar t ic le also

r e l a t e s spri tual ism with secularism. The secularism divorsed

from e th ica l and spr i tua l volves, wi l l have no s igni f icance .

The s p r i t u a l , Cf\it off from i t s secular m<3®r'ings, wi l l prove

qui te ine f fec tua l .

121. SAlvJGAMLAL Nehru's perception of national Unity. FMD.

15 Nov 1985.

Nehru believed t h a t without complete unity India

could not subserve the cause of internat ional ism which

was the need, of the modern age. He wanted an emotional

in tegra t ion , tha t i s , the unity of hear t and mind which

could make Indians feel l i ke a large family cooperating with

each o the r . He said we could save our motherland by making

her great , united and Strang.

122, SINHA (Pernendu Narayan). Nehru's s t ra tegy for consolidating

freedom. Ij^, 15, Ju l ly 1984,

Nehru found thstt one of the main reason of Ind ia ' s

slav-ery and economic degradation was due to in te rna l

differences and widening gulf between Hindu, Muslim e t c .

Nehru was a secular person and hate communilism. He was one

of the g rea t e s t a rch i tec t of nation and emotional in tegra­

t i on . For th i s purpose he se t up National In tegra t ion council,

He also mo'bilised the educational and cu l t u r a l aspect to

promote his goals, he has grasped the rea l nature of Ind ia ' s

p l u r a l i s t i c socie ty .

87

POLICIES SOCIALISM

123, HfiRI'jAN (Ashis) , India : Imperatives of Soc ia l i s t t r a n s i t i o n ,

Pat . 1 May 1985.

Nehru know tha t under c a p i t a l i s t world India could

not be developed. J^ecause i t was the imperative i n t e r e s t of

world capital ism to keep underdeveloped countr ies depressed

and iiHckward, He know and made his party r e a l i z e the fact

t h a t process of Indian development was poss ible dve to the

existence of the world s o c i a l i s t camp, headed by USSR, Under

Nehru's leadership India has reached a complex stage of

socio-economic. Sc ien t i f ic and technological development.

124. BOROOAH (DK). Educating the mi l l ions . Link. 19, 14; 14 Nov

1976; 9-10.

Assessed Nehru's contribution to the na t ion ' s

p o l i t i c a l l i f e and thought and his role in laying the ground­

work for socialism and his defence for democracy, Nehru was

a nation builder who not only sought to give economic and

socia l substance to the idea of Indian nationhood on the

basis of modern and sc i en t i f i c thought but a i l his l i f e worked

for i t . F i r s t or a l l , he beliened tha t Ind ia ' s freedom

struggle was a concrete expression of the aspi ra t ions of

the mill ions of the people. The second important const i tuent

of Nehru's concept was role of masses. Third const i tuent

that he believed the open and democratic method of building

s o c i a l i s t society through the parliamentary processes .

88

125, CITIA RAKJrtN (JW), His abiding monument. Main. 2, 4u;

6 June 1964. 7-8.

Outl ines, the great affection j*hich the b i l l i ons of

people showed, and his e f for t to e s t ab l i sh socialism in

India , The reason of peoples love to Nehru was his whole

public l i f e from the ear ly twent ies . He was an ideal for

youth. With daring courage he introduced the "complete

national independence" resolut ion in the Madras congress.

On the economic content of freedom Jawaharlal demanded tha t

socialism should be set down as the nat ional goal . He was

suceeded in Avadhi sersion in adopting the goal of a s o c i a l i s t i c

pa t te rn of socie ty ,

126. CHITTA RANJAK (CN). Nehru and Socialism, m i n . 12, 12/

17 x^ov. 1973; 11-12 Sc 42.

Discusses the Nehru's contribution in acheiving

socialism in India, Itespite his marsive personal populari ty

and the power a t his disposal he could not put into p rac t ice

many of his ideas because he hadnot discard the democratic

processes in order to put his ideas into p r a c t i c e . Nehru

real ized t h a t revolution in our s i tua t ion had to be by

consent and could not be by imposition. Though in the l i f e

time he could not acheive a l l tha t he wants but i t i s

undisputable tha t he la id firm foundations for the society

we want to bui ld .

89

127, GANESH PRASAD. Nehru: step by step towards Socialism,

iiaJjj. 5, 11; 11 Nov 1966; 11-21.

Discusses the factors which led Nehru to adopt

secularism. In his college days he f i r s t came in contact

with s o c i a l i s t i c ideas a t Cambridge he attended the lec tures

of progressive i n t e l l e c t u a l s which has considerable influence

on his th ink ing . Secondly he was a t t r ac t ed by Russian

Revolution of Nov. 1917. Thirdly his v i s i t to Europe in

1926-27 in which he v i s i t e d deshyshire and attended brussels

congress. The fourth step in his advance towards socialism

was epoch-making. I t v as the outcome of s t a r k r e a l i t i e s ,

d i s t ress ing experiences and sharp mental c o n f l i c t s . This

step was characterised by tv;o things : a cc^ t ance of Marxism as

an indispensible guide to understand h i s to ry .

128. CYAN CHAND. Basic Approach of Jawaharlal Nehru. Main. 2,

39; 29 May 1965; 20-22.

The basic approach of Nehru i s t h a t India had to go

the s o c i a l i s t way not only to end poverty andsocial inequity

but also to survive as a nation and to rea l i ze her nat ional

dest iny. To him, socialism was the logica l consequence of

s c i en t i f i c th inking. The fact tha t his socialism, insp i t e of

his deep and las t ing conviction, remained somewhat araopphous

and without a c lear sense of direct ion Marxism had a real

impact on Nehru's mind and l i f e , and i t became par t of his

sub-conscious and influenced his basic approach. Communism

had also meant the end of oppressive regims, education for

mill ions e t c .

90

12 9, JAG MOHAN. Jawaharlal Nehru and his socialism. Main.

24, 33; May 1986; 28-31.

Discusses the role of Nehru in getting a socialist

resolution accepted in 1931 in Karachi Congress session.

Two major events that led to the concretisation of Nehru's

ideas on socialism were his active participation in the

1927 Burssels session of the congress of oppressed

Nationalities and his visit to -aoviet Russia in 1927 for

the tenth anniversary celebrations of the Russian Revolution

In his presidential address Lucknow he said that Indian

problem. , could be solved only by socialism and he pointed out

Russian example. Throughout his life, wehru faced hostilities

towards his socialism from the persons who found in Nehru's

socialism a danger to their vested interest,

130. t<Ai!'ARAJ (K). i-<!ehru legacy: »Vhat it means. Main. 5, 1-4;

Annual Number; 18-19.

Discusses one factor of Nehru legacy which is most

important in the content of a developing nation seeking to

advance towards the goal of a socialistic state. In so state

there will be complete equality of opportunity, and every

citizen will be usefully employed. In such a society it will

be imposible for economic monoolies to grow. Nehru Guide us

in giving shape to the kind of democratis structure that

best suited our National genius and our aims in the fnodern

world.

91

131. PAi'IL (Vr;, Nehru's early socialism and the Indian National

movement. Mod Rev. CXXXX, 5; iNov 1976; 303-07.

The fabians kindled fehru's i n t e r e s t in social ism.

The fundamental goal of Nehru's socialism was t o create the

conditions of a 'good l i f e ' and to build a society in which

everi^ member would enjoy the f ru i t of his labour. Nehru was the

foremost champion of socialism, in terpre t ing Ind ia ' s re l ig ious

and cu l tu ra l hari tage, in the content of modern problems.

He visual ised a new p o l i t i c a l order free from p o l i t i c a l ,

economic and socia l i n j u s t i c e . Nehru drew the insp i ra t ion

from the Marxian doctr ine, but be adopted i t to his own way

of thinking, Nehru always emphasised the removal of grinding

poverty of the masses, disguised and regular unemployment

of the peasants workers and the middle c l a s s , ^e planted the

seed of socialism which was to beer f ru i t a f t e r freedom,

132. SHARIviA (Shankar dayal) . The cadre bui lder . Main. 10, 39;

27 May 1972; 12.

Jawaharlal 's classes on socialism were au thor ' s

f i r s t i n i t i a t i o n on socialism and in cadre-building

were of authors generation the teacher Nehru is the one who

made i t possible for them not only to r ea l i ze the great

s ignificance of the s truggle for independence, but also

imported an understanding of the deep implications of

freedom for the common masses.

92 SOCIALISM, DEMOCRATIC

1 3 3 . MISHRA (Kr i shna Kumar). Cameos, i^ain. 12, 12; 17 Nov 1973 ;

1 3 - 1 4 .

I>esc r ioes t h e moments w i t h ^^ehru and i n t e n s e

e m o t i o n a l a t t a c h m e n t of p e o p l e s w i t h him and d i s c u s s e s h i s

c o n t r i b u t i o n f o r s e c u l a r d e m o c r a t i c s o c i a l i s m i n I n d i a . Nehru

gave an o u t l o o k on l i f e , a s e n s e of h i s t o r y , a s e n s e of

d i r e c t i o n . He gave us d e m o c r a t i c s o c i a l i s m a s an o b j e c t i v e .

SOCIALISK, KJAHXISK

1 3 4 . SliMHA ( L P ) , Marxism and N e h r u ' s c o n c e p t of s o c i a l i s m . P p l i t

S c i R. ; 12, 3 -4 ; J u l y - D e c 1973 ; 2 1 2 - 2 2 1 .

D i s c u s s t h e e f f e c t of marxism on N e h r u ' s concep t

o f s o c i a l i s m , N e h r u ' s c o n c e p t o f s o c i a l i s m b e a r s t h e i m p r i n t

o f numerous p r o c e s s e s of t h o u g h t i n whicn ^'•'arxism comes a s

an a i d bu t n e v e r as a d e t e r m i n a n t f a c t o r . I f Nehiru was n o t

s u c c e s s f u l i n e v o l v i n g a s o c i a l i s t i c i d e o l o g y and p rogramme, .

I t was due t o h i s p r i m a r y a l l e g i a n c e t o n a t i o n a l i s m and t o

n a t i o n a l f reedom. The e l e m e n t s i n Marxism by which he was

v e r y much i m p r e s s e d was i ) a p h i l o s o p h y o f h i s t o r y

2) S c i e n t i f i c approach t o a l l p r o b l e m s , 3) and a conce rn

fo r t h e dovm- t rodden p e o p l e i n s o c i e t y ,

SOCIALISM, WORLD

1 3 5 . CHOPRA (VD). Nehru i sm- the main r u d d e r , ^ a t . 27 May 1 9 8 5 .

^%hru p l a y e d a p i o n e e r i n g r o l e i n t h e b u i l d i n g of

new I n d i a . He saw t h e s o c i a l i s t i c t r a n s f o r m a t i o n of s o c i e t y

93

a s t h e n a t u r a l r e s u l t of t he w o r l d ' s h i s t o r i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t .

He know t h a t c a p i t a l i s m i s no l o n g e r s u i t e d t o t h e p r e s e n t

a g e . In b u i l d i n g new I n d i a he cniiLd br icK by b r i c k i t s

r e l a t i o n w i t h a l l t h o s e c o u n t r i e s which had t h e same prob lem

a s I n d i a h a d . He t r i e d t o s t r e n g t h e n t h e c o u n t r y ' s p o l i t i c a l

i n d e p e n d e n c e and a c h i e v i n g i t s economic i n d e p e n c e .

POLICIES, THIRD //ORLD

1 3 6 . GUPJA ( S i s i r ) . p o l i c y f o r t h e t h i r d w o r l d . I n t e r Stud

17, 3 -4 ; J u l y - D e c . 1978; 6 7 7 - 6 8 0 .

D i s c u s s e s t h e i d e a of iMbhru a b o u t t h e r o l e of d e v e l o p ­

i n g c o u n t r i e s i n wor ld p o l i t i c s . Nehru t h o u g h t t h a t I n d i a

was no t s u i t a b l e f o r t h e l e a d e r s h i p of t h i r d w o r l d . He t a l k e d

of i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o o p e r a t i o n a s t h e key t o human p r o g r e s s

and recjeced t h e i d e a of conf i rona t ion w i t h t h e o t h e r 2 w o r l d .

" e r e c o g n i s e d t h a t I n d i a and o t h e r l e s s d e v e l o p e d c o u n t r i e s

needed a i d , a s s i s t a n c e , and t e c h n o l o g y from t h e d e v e l o p e d

c o u n t r i e s .

POLICIES, UIvITED FHONT

1 3 7 . GANE3H PRASAD. D^ehru and t h e U n i t e d F r o n . £ i a in . 7 , 3 8 ; 24 May

1969; 8 - 1 1 .

P r e s e n t s i^Jehru's e f f o r t s t o make a u n i t e d f r o n t . The

U n i t e d f ron meant t h a t t h e N a t i o n a l Congre s s was t o f u n c t i o n

a s an o r g a n i s a t i o n of a l l p r o g r e s s i v e o r a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t

e l e m e n t s . The Un i t ed f r o n t was a f o u r - c l a s s s t r a t e g y . I t

94

airae4 a t u n i t i n g t h e b o u r g e o i s i e , t h e m i d d l e - c l a s s e s , t h e

works and t h e p e a s e n t s i n t h e common s t r u g g l e f o r n a t i o n a l

i n d e p e n d e n c e . The Un i t ed i;'ront i m p l i e d two t h i n g s - a c l a s e

and l i v i n g c o n t a c t between congressmen and t h e masses and

t h e i n c l u s i o n and f u n c t i o n i n g of p r o g r e s s i v e e l e m e n t s w i t h i n

t h e c o n g r e s s , ^^ehru made s i n c e r e e f f o r t s i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n ,

b u t he was m o s t l y f o i l e d by t h e seasoi jed and s k i l f u l o p p o ­

s i t i o n by t h e r i g h t .

POLICIES .VORLD AFFAIRS

1 3 6 . DAMODARAw (AK) . J a w a h a r l a l i>iehru and World o r d e r . Main.

25 , 9 ; 15 Nov 1986; 1 3 - 1 7 .

D i s c u s s e s N e h r u ' s c o n t r i b u t i o n i n p l a c i n g I n d i a a t

h i g h p o s i t i o n i n p r e s e n t wor ld o r d e r . The p e r i o d from t h e

As ian R e l a t i o n s c o n f e r e n c e t o t h e Afro As i an g a t h e r i n g i n

band ing and t h e f i r s t n o n a l i g n e d submi t r e p r e s e n t s t o some

e x t e n t t h e scope and r e a c h of i^iehru's v i s i o n of t h e world

s y s t e m . The f i r s t e l emen t i n " e h r u ' s f o r e i g n p o l i c y was t h e

p r e o c c u p a t i o n a b o u t p r e s e r v i n g and d e f e n d i n g s o v e r e i g n t y

a g a n i n s t a d v e r s a r i e s . The Second e l emen t was t h e need t o

r e c o g n i z e and b u i l t upon t h e i n t e g r a l l i n k between

s o v e r e i g n t y i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l terras and freedom and j u s t i c e

f o r t h e i n d i v i d u a l and g r oups in t h e n a t i o n a l domain . I n

UN I n d i a p l a y e d an a c t i v e r o l e i n c a r r y i n g o u t some of t h e

d e c i s i o n s of UN i n keep ing p e a c e and g u a r a n t e e i n g o r d e r i n

c o n f l i c t u a l and p o s t - c o n f l i c t u a l s i t u a t i o n . The most e n d u r i n g

95

f ea tu re of iNiehru's foreign po l i cy was the d iscovery of an

Afro-Asian p e r s o n a l i t y a t iiandung, Nehru was a g a i n s t t h e

nuc lear asm race and h i s a n t i nu lcear movement led t o p a r t i a l

t e s t ban. In the economic f i e l d ^^ehru made e f f o r t s for

I n d i a ' s economic development, he devised mixed economy' in

which p u b l i c s e c t o r i s given dominat r o l e . Ind ia has be l i eved

i n I n t e r n a t i o n a l economic coopera t ion in g iv ing and r ece iv ing

of c r e d i t s and in exhauge of t e c h n i c a l s k i l l . On the whole

India has been ab le t o con ta in these pajiiTblems except in the

case of P a k i s t a n .

139, Kf RUiMAKARAi\ (KP). i\ehru and World .^eX I I . m i n , 3,39; 29 May

1965; 23-2 4.

The unique s i t u a t i o n c rea t ed by the world war I I

provided a g r e a t chal lenge t o Ind ias p o l i t i c a l l e a d e r s . The

most vigorous and c r e a t i v e manner in which wehru responded t o i t

Me emerged as a s t rong p e r s o n a l i t y and played a major r o l e in

the formation oz congress p o l i c y . He look the mo.^t uncompromi­

sing s tand a g a i n s t Nazism, i^acism and m i l i t a r i s m and i n case

of s t r a i g h t c o n f l i c t between - azism and i''reedom he would

support freedom, Jbr from being i n t e r e s t e d in s t i c k i n g r i g i d l y

to non-v io lence , -^ehru was planning to make India very s t r o n g

m i l i t a r i l y .

140. KRISHiNiA i-iEiMON (VK) , Jawahar la l i^lehru: The sense of Occasion,

Link, 7 , . 1 4 ; 14 Nov, 1964.

A r t i c l e p re sen t s Nehru ' s sense of occas ion a t d i f f e r e n t

t i m e s . Which not only br ings two s t a t e s n e a r e r but a l s o avoided

96

ca tas t roph ics . For maintenance of Geneva agreement he brought

closer two co-chairman, U.K. and U.3.3.R, In England he

conveyed tha t a great and basic change had taken place in

U.S.S.R. In his v i s i t to spain he shovyed sense of occassion

v/hen v i s i t i n g the presbners camp. Its was his sense of

occasion in Asian re la t ions which led to the end of E^tch

hegemony in Asia.

141. KRISHNA MENON (VK). ^ehru and Internat ional ism. Main. 15, 11;

13 Nov 1976; 7-9.

Discusses what Internationalism mean to Nfehru and

what he did for i t s promotion. If we in t e rp re t Nehru in the

content of internat ionalism, we should bear in mind tha t

we cannot separate i f from the struggle for social j u s t i c e ,

for the implementation of decomcracy, for the removal of

imperialism, for the abol i t ion of poverty, from the co l i n i a l

s t ruggle , for abandonment of war and for the out lawing of

weapons of mass dest ruct ion.

142, lAL (N). Jawaharlal Nehru's contribution of theory of

In terna t ional r e l a t ions . . Po l i t , 3ci R. 10, 3-4; July-Dec

1971; 17-35.

Discusses Nehru's contribution to the theory and

p rac t i se of in ternat ional r e l a t i o n s . He was an aderent

n a t i o n a l i s t . In in te rna t iona l a f fa i r s he always gave top

p r i o r i t y to India ' s national in t e res t s conceived against

97

a long range p r e s p e c t i v e . His unreserved suppor t to the

Ui\ in i t s peace e f f o r t s , h i s po l i cy of Non-alignment, his

doccrine of fanchsheel , and h i s s tand for the e l i m i n a t i o n

of ca lon ia l i sm and iraperialisra and for a b o l i t i o n of r a c i a l

d i s c r i m i n a t i o n were d i r e c t e d to the achievement of twin

o b j e c t i v e s 1) the promotion of en l igh tened i n t e r e s b s of

India and i i ) the r e a l i z a t i o n of a new world o r d e r with

a new system of i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s based on n a t i o n a l

diplomacy and cased on n a t i o n a l diplomacy and permeated

with the s p r i t of mutual t o l e r a n c e and goodwill among a l l

members of t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l community,

POLICIES WORLD AFFAIRS

143. ^iEi«N (MSlNiJ , //orld v i s ion of J awaha r l a l . Main. 9, 39;

29 May 1971; 29-31 .

i^resents J awahar la l s world v i s i o n . Mehru bel ieved

in a b e t t e r worMand a be t te rman. The b e t t e r world, to him,

i s a s o c i a l i s t worlc;, and the betterman, one who i s p r a c t i c l e

and progamat ic , e t h i c a l and s o c i a l , a x c r u i s t i c and humatar ian .

In i^ehru's world v i s i o n b e t t e r world was a world in which

the i n d i v i d u a l was of the h i g e s t good for whose sake a l l

forces s t r o v e . Man i s not a means, but the end i t s e l f .

iNiations and peoples of the world a re l a r g e s u n i t s of t h i s

man engaged i n a g rea t voyage of d i scovery , drawing on t h e i r

p a r t i c u l a r experience t o b u i l d the f u t u r e . Al l these have only

one o b j e c t i v e ; the ennoblement of I'ian have and now on e a r t h ,

not in some d i s t a n t f u t u r e .

98

144, RANA (AP). Kehru and i n t e r n a t i o n a l p o l i t i c a l modern iza t ion :

a view from the s e v e n t i e s , Ind Quar t . 35, 1; Jan-March

1979; 57-82,

Discusses Nehru's r o l e in modernizat ion of i n t e r n a ­

t i o n a l p o l i t i c s . Though Nehru was the Third Worlds' most

a r t i c u l a t e and s i g n i f i c a n t spokesman of i n t e r n a t i o n a l reform,

he was unckle to e f f e c t u a t e t h i s i n any fundamental s e n s e .

The i l l s of the i n t e r n a t i o n a l system were a t t r i b u t e d to i t s

management by the grea t .powers through such r e t r o g r a d e devices

as imper ia l i sm and co lon ia l i sm, power p o l i t i c s and the

balance of power. Some of h i s fundamental nonmative f a i l u r e s

may be a t t r i b u t e d to h is i m p l i c i t endorsement of a paradigm

which may be f a s t o u t l i v i n g i t s u t i l i t y , p a r t i c u l a r l y for

coun t r i e s of the t h i r d word.

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU, INDIA, HISTORY, PRESS

145. BHARGVA (ML). Pandit Nehru and the P r e s s . Link. 29, 42;

24 May 1987; 9 - 1 1 .

P t . Nehru a f t e r h i s a r r i v a l i n I n d i a , a t t r a c t e d by

p r e s s and ^ res s Act . He desc r ibed t h i s a c t po i sonous . He

wrote a r t i c l e s for the ' Independent ' newspaper founded by

h i s f a t h e r , ^e ac ted as chairman of the boards of d i r e c t o r s

of Nat ional h e r a l d . He became much involved in t h e papers

management t h a t he a l s o g iven i t l o a n . His i n t e r e s t in t h e

Herald management can be demonstrated by h i s famous d o o d l e s .

99

In one of his doodles he ref lec ted on i t s f inancial pos i t ion ,

timing of papers, s a l a r i e s , nuiiber of pages e t c . The 2nd

doodle shows how deeply he was involved in the management

s ide . 3rd doodle shov;s t h a t he kept a s t r i c t eye on the

expenditure on s a l a r i e s .

146. CHAIAPATHI RAU (M). Nehru and the Press. Main. 4, 39,

2 8 May 1966; 10-13.

Discusses the heri tage of values he l e f t for the

p ress . Nehru wanted good edi t ing and e f f i c i en t management,

but the Nev.'spapers character and what i t stood for were

more important. Nehru took so much i n t e r e s t in the press

beca\ise both during the freedom struggle and a f t e r freedom

he had high respect for the press in nat ional l i f e . Freedom

of press was a par t of democratic process to him. He stood

for standard and values in press and d i s t rus t ed monopolies.

PUBLIC OPIi IOi

147. MOULDER OF public opinion. Link. 9, 14; 13 Nov 1966; 19-20.

Discuss the contribution of Nehru in shaping the

public opinion in modern India. Jawaharlal Nenru was the

first among the Indian leader to give consistant thought to

public opinion as an objective category. The modem,

purposive, creative public opinion has fascinated Nehru from

early days of his political activity. Political democracy

should be used to obtain a gradually increasing measure of

100

economic democracy through p u b l i c op in ion . For him the

a p p l i c a t i o n of the peoples t h ink ing to p o l i c y and execut ion

was the most important problem of democracy. The congress was

for Kehru a necessary ins t rument for funne l l ing of p u b l i c

opinion i n t o the cen t r e of power,

RENAISSANCE

148, GAIsESH PRASAD. Renaissance r e p r e s e n t a t i v e , ^ ^ i n . 9, 1 1 ;

14 Nov, 1970. 15-17.

Discusses Nehru's r o l e in Indian Rena issance . Kehru

gave to t h e Renaissance a new l i f e , a new ou t , a new t u r n

and an onward push wh?n i t was facing a s e r i o u s c r i s e s . For

a long time the Indian middle c l a s s had avoided mobi l iz ing

masses i n i t s s t r ugg l e for n a t i o n a l l i b e r a t i o n . Nehru

exhor ted the young e l i t e to go to the masses, and o rgan i se

thera,a&'gitabe for the r e d r e s s of t h e i r day today g r i v i a n c e s .

Under Wehru's l e ade r sh ip and i n s p i r a t i o n the form, con ten t

and scope of the Renaissance humanism undenvent a r a d i c a l

change, and the age of s en t imen ta l humanism and r ad i ca l i sm

gave way to t h a t of r a t i o n a l i s t i c humanism and r a d i c a l i s m .

SPEECHES

149. SHARI44 (DR). i%hru's speeches . T r i , 11 Nov 1984,

when one looks a t Nehru 's speeches on a r t and

c u l t u r e , on forget for a while t h a t he was a p r a c t i s i n g

p o l i t i c i a n . The c r e a t i v e c e n t r e of Nehru's mind l i e s in h is

101

speeches on educat ion/ r e sea r ch and c u l t u r e . Since roost

of h is speeches were d e l i v e r e d extempore, they c a r r y the

rhythm and edge of a s p a r k l i n g conve r sa t ion . Almost every

u l t a r a n i c of Nehru br ings ou t h is commitment to ideas which

he c u l i v s n s .

•TAGORS

150. MITTHA (Aditya B). Poet and his prince. T^ 11 Nov 1984,

Discusses the influence of Tagore on Nehru. The

views of both are very much similar on many occassions.

Jagore admired "ehru's internationalism. Tagore said that

Jawaharlal had his undoubted right to the throne of India.

He had kept ununsually high the standard of purity in the

widst of political turmoil. He has never fought shy of truth

when it was dengerous.

TEACHER

151 . GANDHI ( I n d i r a ) . Jawahar la l Nehru. 3o • Ind . 5, 26; 18 Nov

1972; 11-12.

Descr ibes t h a t Jawahar la l was a r e a l t e ache r , h i s

speeches were not r h e t o r i c and f ine words, but were an

e f f o r t t o t e a c h peop le . Same t ime he was a s t u d e n t a l s o ,

c o n s t a n t l y l ea rn ing and absorbing new knowledge and f a c t o r s .

Nehru knew t h a t I n d i a ' s p r o g r e s s , peace and p r o s p e r i t y were

dependent on the world problems. Somatimas he was c a l l e d a

dreamer but i f t he r e i s no dream the re w i l l be no a c t i o n .

The moment he had a areara he s t a r t e d to see how t h a t dream

could be made a r e a l i t y .

102

152 . SHARDA PHA3AD (HY). Persuadev, educator . Main. 17, 39; 26 May

1979; 8_9.

Discusses h i s s t y l e of speaking and w r i t i n g . He had

bacome the prime persuades of the country , a rguing with

peoples and convincing a l a r g e and d e c i s i v e s e c t i o n of them

of the importance of d a n o c r a t i c i n s t i t u t i o n s , s o c i a l i s t

a s p i r a t i o n s , r a t i o n a l and s c i e n t i f i c a t t i t u d e . His speaking

s t y l e was for from c l a s s i c a l o r a t o r y . The s e c r e t of Nehru's

speaking s t y l e i s t h a t he made you a p a r t y to h i s t h o u g h t s . Men

who had worked for Mehru say t h a t v;hen he d i c t a t e d l e t t e r s ,

even long ones , they d idnot r equ i r e a s i n g l e c o r r e c t i o n , Nehru's

own wr i t i ng had gnany c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of spoken s t y l e . They

have conve r sa t iona l flov; and absence of s t u d i e d c o n t r o l s and

s t r i v i n g . I t would be r i g h t to say t h a t nehru only cared

t o convince the n e a d e r o r l i s t e n i e r t h a t h i s reasons were

c o r r e c t and a c t i o n suggested by him would be the only r i g h t

and n a t i o n a l one .

YOUTH

153. CHITTA RANJAK (CN) . The Nehru behest. % i n . 22, 11; 12 Nov

1983; 17 & 41.

Discusses the ideas of Nehru about the poten t ia l of

youth. I t is for the youth of the country to think out

solutions and work for the p o l i t i c a l , economic and soc ia l

problems. Youth can break the barr iers of re l ig ion , of cas t e ,

of language, of sex e t c . Emphasizes t ha t youth should be taved

from the nets of an t i -na t iona l group, r e l ig ions en t r imis t s ,

d i s c u r a n t i s t i s , money-grabber e t c .

103

154. SINHA (Bejoy Kumar), ""ehru and the Youth. Link. 7, 42;

30 May 1965; 33-34.

Discusses his efforts ho he persuaded the revolxx-

tionary youths to work with congress, e constently endea-

voured to come in close touch with young revolutionaries,

realising their tremendous potentiality and dedicated

action. He met the auther at Bareilly, and at Lahore Jail

and persuaded him to join congress by describing him the

objectives of the national struggle and role of socialism

in building new India,

104

INDIRA GANDHI, INDIA, HISTORY

155. INDIRA GANDHI. Pat-3 Nov 1984.

Indira Gandhi brought India many miles fur ther on

the road to grea tness . She did her best to a

the miseries of poors and deprived. The f inest q u a l i t i e s

of Indira Gandhi's character were revealed in moments of

unprecendented challanges, personal or p o l i t i c a l . She was

def inat in adversi ty , s teadfast in her purpose and stubborn

in the face of p ressu re .

156. JAIN ( G i r i l a l ) . I n d i r a ' s love a f f a i r with India . TI, 9 Nov

1984;

Observers minutely her ca ree r . Indira has by any

yards t ic been a remarkable person, so calm in the mids of

adveresi ty . So determined in the face of challange e i t h e r to

herself or to her country, so - t e t i c en t in a p r iva te

conversation, so concerned with problems of those close

her, yet so aloof and olympian in her personal l i f e .

^er commitre^nt Ind ia ' s Unity and secur i ty was unqualif ied.

She build a power India .

157. KAKATI (SATIS C) : Dynast ic Rule i n a democracy. S t a t e .

18 Nov 1984; VI: 4 .

105

Discussions on dynastic ru le has been revined as the

ra j ive assume the off ice of P.M. Author r eca l l s the services

of i'Jehru family to the country. Dynastic Rule is an i n s t i ­

tu t ion having sanction of the cons t i tu t ion , while the dynastic

ru le in the present Indian s i t ua t ion has ne i ther any

cons t i tu t iona l sanction nor t r a d i t i o n a l accep tab i l i t y . I t

i s en t i r e ly dependent on the popular ve rd ic t . In 1977

people roted against Mrs, Gandhi and in l ess than 3 yrs

they brought her back in power, '-Therefore i t i s the people

who wil l give, or withhold, t h e i r sea l of approval to what

the Nehru family's c r i t i c s c a l l dynastic r u l e ,

158. MENON (KPS). Evolution of Mrs. Gandhi. N H.30 June 1975;

Discusses about Indiira Gandhi, a f t e r 1931, when

author f i r s t met her . Indira was in teres ted in soc ia l work.

She was not in te res ted in p o l i t i c s . She went to USSR many

times, since 1955, but most meramorable v i s i t was in 1967

on the occasion of 15th anniversary of the October revolut ion.

She joined the cabinet in 1964 in Lai Bahadur's ministry and

became prime minis ter a f t e r his death. Becoming P.M., she

106

reformed congress by ous t ing big bosses . During Bangladesh

war she showed h e r s e l f to be a vraman who could t h ink as wel l

as a c t . She recognised the importance of world opinion and

t r i e d hard t o ca r ry i t with h e r .

159. MOTHA ( C h r i s t i n e ) . ded ica ted l e a d e r - Pjj.M. CDN; 7 Nov

1984;

Ceylon Prime m i n i s t e r in a condolence move sa id t h a t •

" India i n her long and chequered h i s t o r y , has had no g r e a t

p a t r i o t who had for the motherland such undivided and

uncompromising love and d e d i c a t i o n " . She had a deep rooted

na t iona l i sm in h e r . Opposi t ion l e ade r iMr. Aruna a iandaranaike

s a i d t h a t we had l o s t our g r e a t e s t and t r u e s t f r i e n d .

160. MUKHERJEE (Franb Kumar). P o r t r a i t of a s t a t e s woman So Ind

11 , 26; 29 Nov 1975; 9 U 28,

"Ihe ch ie f c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of Mrs Gandhi ' s p e r s o n a l i t y

i s her de terminat ion and indomitaole courage t o face the

worst c r i s i s with unique equanimity . Another aspec t of he r

p e r s o n a l i t y i s her superb equanimity and p e r f e c t sense of

t iming in t ak ing d e c i s i o n s , e . g . ^ e u n i l a t e r a l l y dec la red

the ceasefii"e while r id ing a t the c r e s t of v i c t o r y . Her

a c t i o n was determined oy he r deep d e s i r e to secure a l a s t i n g

peace in the sub c o n t i n e n t ,

1 6 1 . MUKHERJEE ( P u r a b i ) . Indira Gandhi: The s p i r i t of I nd i a .

A b Pat 19 Nov. 1976.

107

Indira i s the s p i r i t of India. She represents and

projects whatever India stand for. In many foreign countries

India i s synonymous to Ind i ra . She has integrated the people

of India in the main stream of l i f e . She has a great sense

of timing her act ion e .g . recognition of Bangladesh, declara­

t ion of cease f i re un i la te ra ly and l a t e s t example i s declara­

t ion of emergency. In adversi ty , flood and famine, threat

against in te rna l s t a b i l i t y external securi ty she carr ied the

country forward on the path of progress.

162. MULK r<AJ Ai> QD. Images in r e f l ec t ion . HT. LXI, 319; 18 Nov

1984; 9 : 1 .

Author knew Mrs. Gandhi from her t eens . At tha t time

she was very shy, withdraw but very in teres ted and open-eyed

with regard to anything that was going on. A par t from her s tudies

a t Oxford and Switzerland, she had learnt the graces of house­

keeping. Mrs. Gandhi had a manner in -which she could ta lk

big p o l i t i c a l questions in a conversational manner. Author was

aga i ss t the emergency and wrote much on i t but Indira did not i nv i t e

mind i t and/him over a lunch. Author f e l t she was very gracious

and understanding and not a d i c t a t o r . On Punjab i s sue . She

inaugrated Punjabiat conference to make the people understand

implications of fundamentalist a t t i t u d e . She has a deep

respect for a l l r e l ig ions . In fact she was conceding too much

to the re l ig ious groups and minor i t ies .

108

1 6 3 . i DHAK.<l3HAi Aiv ( J ) , Recal l ing f i f t e i s . HT. 11 Nov 1984;

The au thor had many occass ions to watch the way-

Mrs, Gandhi used t o t ack le va r ious day to day problems,

rt'hen She found t h a t servant q u a r t e r s in Teen Murty house a r e

i l i v e n t i l a t e d and without p roper s a n i t a r y f a c i l i t i e s . She

took up the m a t t e r with P.M. and got the t h i n g s done. The

vege tab les and wheat crop ha rves ted a t Teen Murthi p e r i o d i ­

c a l l y , Mrs Gandhi saw t h a t t h e f i r s t b a n e f i c i a r e s should be

t h e s e r v a n t , i'or orphans she chalk out a Balsahyog p r o j e c t ,

164. SHAH (KK) . V,'. Birthday t r i t u t e . gPJ« 19 .tov 1971.

Mrs Gandhi knew t h a t un less a new l i n e was adopted

and a oold programme was undertaken i t was imposible to

change the Psychology of masses . The courage with which

she advised the d i s s o l u t i o n of the lok sabha, the dynamism

with which she tought the mid term p o l l , a r e i n d i c a t i v e of

he r ma tu r i ty , wisdom, s ta tesmanship and f o r - s i g h t e d n e s s as a

l e a d e r of d e s t i n y . The i n d o - s o v i e t t r e a t y w i l l be ha i l ed as

a master s t r o k e of he r consumate s ta tesmanship and wisdom^

165. 3R2iHilU AIMKLSSARIA. Dialogue cut s h o r t . S t a t e • 2 Nov 1984;

I I I : 3 .

P resen t s Mrs Peter Ustiraov's views about Mrs. Gandhi,

she was t r u e l y non a l igned and had on open mind. She had a

f r a g i l i t y tempered with an i nne r s t r e n g t h . She was xa

superb p o l i t i c i a n . She knew e x a c t l y the s o r t of s i t u a t i o n

where she must be seen to be k ind . She was kind to ord inary

people•

109

165. SINGH (Sanjay). Indira- a many- splsndoured personality. IE

30 iMOV 1984;

I n d i r a had an e x t r a o r d i n a r y and even t fu l ca rpe r from

her infancy t i l l her dea th . She went to p r i s i o n for 13 months

during the e a r l y days of the non-cooperat ion movement. She

was the soviour of congress in very d i f f i c u l t t i m e s . She made

country s e l f dependent in the sphere of food. She imde

c o u n t r y ' s defence s t rong and impregnable. She s t e e r e d non-

a l ign ' movement to a success .

167. SPIRIT SURVIVES. IN. 3 Nov 1984;

Outl ines how she mingled with the s m a l l e s t of the

small o r came to h§lp the p o o r e s t of poor, she e x h i b i t e d g r e a t

s p i r i t for human upl i f tment , she made supreme s a e r i f i c e for

t h e uni ty and i n t e g r i t y of the count ry . Her every ac t i on and

dec i s ion l e f t an i n d e l i b l e impr in t of a mother ly touch. She

remained ever r e s t l e s s for speedy removal of the gap between the

r i c h and poo r . During her pre imership country make r ao id i n

p r o g r e s s / s p a c e technology and o t h e r f e i l d s .

168. ULYANOVSior ( R o s t i s l a y ) . I n d i r a Ganhi: A l i f e ded ica t ed .

Main. 2 4, 96clO; 2 Nov 1985; 10-13&57,

Out l ines a b r ie f h i s t o r y of her family and the

d i f f i c u l t i e s which she had t o face by h is own partymen dur ing

her pe r iod of r e i g n . Some of the pa r ty l e a d e r s , r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s

of the old guard disagreed with h i s p o l i c i e s . This oppos i t ion

110

group is known as 'Syndicate". Later on this group was

expelled from Congress. Again in 1971 Dec Pakistani air­

craft Dombed Indian military airfields. In response to

this India declared war on Pakistan, and officially

recognise the republic of Bangladesh. These actions of the

Indian govt, were very popular with the people. In 1975,

Justice of the Allahabad High court declared her election

invalid. Opposition launched a widespread campaign demanding

her resignation. Law and order in the country were sererly

shaken. Profiteering, theft and voilence reached an unpre­

cedented scale. Under there circumstances she proclaimed

emergency. India had many enimies, and many accusation were

made against her. Her enimies repeatedly accused her of

pursuing "dtynastic" interests. But it is not true. Actually

she won her people's recognition by her energy and devotion

to duty.

169. UM.- VASUDSV. Glimpses and perceptions. OT. LXI, 319; 18 Nov

1984; I: 1.

Indira had influences of the trimurti that operated

in her life were those of Mahatma Gandhi, Tagore and Jawahr-

lal iMehru with their respective criteria. Like Nehru, she •t

liked to be among men and women of basic and intelligence but

her rapport was with masses. Her sympathy was with the majority

of Indian poors. Her authority and charisma grew so much over

the years that every political event began to be seen in the

content of her personality.

I l l

170. U3KA BHAGAT, fier capaci ty for coa lesc ing work and r e s t ,

HT. LXI, 319; 18 Nov 1984; IV: 3 .

i te lexa t ion was not something separa te from her work.

Most people t r y to compartmental ize , time i n t o pe r iods of

work, play and r e s t . But she has the capac i ty coa les ing

t h e s e without los ing the i n t e n s i t y of each. This very

i n t e n s i t y enabled her to feel r e s t e d in f ive minu tes .

Relexat ion for her meant suddenly breaking off t o do something

d i f f e r e n t . Also desc r ibes how her b i r thday was ce l eb ra t ed a t

home.

ELECTlOi , 1972

1 7 1 . PARi"lHR (Y5) . D i c t a t o r s h i p c h a r g e b e l i e d . So I n d . 1, 25 ;

29 Itov (1975, 7 - 8 .

D i s c u s s e s t h e supreme c o u r t Judgement in which h e r

e l e c t i o n i s h e l d v a l i d and a l l t h e c h a r g e s l e v e l l e d a g a i n s t

h e r were s e t a s i d e . The supreme c o u r t judgement p u t a s e a l

on t h e u n q u e s t i o n a b l e power of t h e p a r t i a m e n t i n r e s p e c t of

t h e l e g i s l a t i o n on e l e c t i o n laws has h e l p e d i n t h e m a i n t e n a n c e

o f b a l a n c e Detween t h e l e g i s l a t i v e , t h e e x e c u t i v e and t h e

j u d i c i a l .

MOUiMTAIN j

172. KOHLI {MS), Her link with the Himalayas.,.HT. LXI, 319;

18 fev 19b4; IV: 1.

112

Mrs Gandhi inherited her deep love and reverences

for the Himalaya from her father. She was always interested

to see the films of expiditions and she always showed interest

in listening the trip stories. The recent success of the

Indian Everest expedition would not have taken place without

her personal support. Her love for the Himalayas as well as

for all Himalayan endeavours can be judged from the fact that

she readily agreed to meet any Himalayan expedition at short

notice,

PQLICI2S

17 3 . AIYAR (Swaminathan 3) , Indira Gandhi's legacy. I S 6 i>tov

1984.

Discusses the major acheivements of Mrs. Gandhi. She

solved food problem and a t her death, India had a record

food stock of 22 million tonnes, countries reserves stand by

a t a healthy i s 2,500 c rore . She brought glory to country in

1971 Bangladesh l i b ra t ion movement During her rule India

bu i l t up the th i rd la rges t technical workforce in the world.

^n the negative side she also debased the qual i ty of public

l i f e and curruption was raised to unparalleled h ieghts .

174. BINOD RAO. Growth f i r s t , or Jus t ice? FPJ. 4 Oct 1971;

Mrs Gandhis new vita^'l s^yle of thinking has brought

a ray of hope in the Indian people. The P.M. has i'niected a

pos i t ive element of dynamism into the s i t u a t i o n . I t has

southt to give concrete shape to tenat ive , inchoate ideas .

Indira govt has endeavoured to acheive economic growth with

social j u s t i c e .

113

175. CHAKRAVARTTY (Nikhil) . Indira Years. IE. 18 Nov 1984.

Presents a bird-eye view on the career of Mrs Gandhi

fix)ro 1966 to 1984, In the 1966, when she became Prime

Minister, the country had to recover from the trauma of

Chinese and Pak invasion. In the same year she devalued

the rupee. In 1966 under her premeirship congress l o s t i t s

control in many s t a t e s . In 1969 she shif ted her support to

V.V. Gir i an independent candidate for precidency. In the

same year s p l i t in congress look p lace . In 1971 Lok Sabha

and assembly elect ion she won comfortably. In 1975 she

pronounced emergency to Improve the condition of down

trodden. In 1977 she was thrown out of power and augain

came back in 1980. In second term the was faced with

inner coatradic t ion of her oun pos i t ion . The Indira era

represents a heroic but turbulent phase in our h i s tory .

176. DAR (AN). Assessing Indira Gandhi. IE, 14 Nov 1984;

Author defened Indira Gandhi from many chaj^iges

level led against her regarding, posi t ion of Judiciary , power

of parliament, re l ig ion e t c . she was accused to foster

Bhindranwale and followinga-po l i e y of animosity towards

her neighbours. Moreover she i s often c r i t i c i s e d for her

"d i c t a to r i a l tendencies". What rea l ly troubled Indira

Gandhi's c r i t i c s was tha t she was a strong leader with

a mind of her own.

114

177. DARff RA SINGH. Indira was k i l l e d j u s t when India became a

considerable power. Link. 28, 12; 27 Oct. 1985; 7-8.

Author reco l lec t s t h a t in 1959, when she was e lected

president of INC, the pary was indebt . Tb r a i s e funds she

toured Punjab and a t the end of her roiising speech, thou­

sands of women took off t h e i r onnaments and deleted i t to

3j»iC, Her commitment to secularism means to build a strong

and powerful India. She a lso knew how to take firm decis ions ,

on Punjab problem she asked CWP to pass a resolut ion in

favour of the creation of Punjab-speaking s t a t e on her

ree lec t ion as prime minis ter , she looX rapid i n i t a t i v e s t o

consolidate the unity of country. No p a r t i c u l a r ideological

doctrine can claim Indira to be adherent of i t accept

Indian pa t r io t i sm.

178. DUBHASHI (PR). Land reforms was a passion with her. W^

LXI, 320; 19 Nov 1984; Is 6.

Discusses S meetings of member's of APPPA with

Indira, held an 23 March 1983 and 7 E«b. 1984. She made

i t c lear t h a t her goal was to make India strong and sel f

r e l i a n t . She ^nphasised the iroportance of f l e x i b i l i t y ,

d isc ip l ine and primany education. In second meeting she

repl ied to the questions on Public adminis trat ion, land

reform, ru ra l unemployment e t c .

179. DUGGAL (KK) . Woman in a man's world. Ghan T. 16 Jan 1968,

115

B/ her ear ly fa i lures she learn t ha t she should not

depend on h e r ' cabinet and burocrates and she must take

decision makiaig in here hand. She didnot y ie ld before

an t i cow-staughter ag i t a t ion , she fetch food a i d for

India from U.S. without making compromise on Ind ia ' s

fundamental p o l i c i e s . Ihe controversial language b i l l was

P'-iassed a t her ins tanse . She showed apos i t ive realism in

domestic and in terna t ional a f f a i r s .

180. HARI JAISINGH. Why we need Indira Gandhi, m; 19 Nov

1981;

Mrs. Gandhi has provided a new sense of d i rec t ion

and s t a b i l i t y to the na t ion . Her Govt, has been able to

control i n f l a t ion and ra i se the growth r a t e of the economy.

Her extraordinary vision and courage are enabling the

country to triumph over g iguat ic d i f f i cu l t i e s a t home and

world a t large she i s a t rue i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s t , she saw

the future of India against the backdrop of global develop*

ments,

1 8 1 . INDIAN CRISIa. CDN, 6 Nov 1984;

Scences of violence erupted throughout India soon

after %s« Gandhi's assa)ssination. But it is a greater

honour to her to hold fast to the ideas she stood for.

She preached for peace, she resisted pressures for

separatist movements, she did much to embellish the image

and pride of Asia, She steered India safely away from

the allurements and designs of alien powers.

118

182. INDIRA GANDHI, '^^ " '._: • 20 Nov 1976.

The care with which she has removed l ega l and cons t i -

- tu t iona l hurdles from the path of progress assusing and

ensuring unity and p o l i t i c a l s t a b i l i t y of the country has

no p a r a l l e l in h i s to ry . The pos t e r i t y wi l l remember her

for great services she had rendered to the na t ion . Her's

20 point programme brought s trength and p re s t i ge to country.

183. JAIN ( G i r i l a l ) . Hazards of pre-eminence: Mrs. Gandhis two

major problems. TI. 23 Sept 1981;

There are two major problems of Mrs. Gandhi. F i r s t ,

the neqr collapse of opposition pa r t i e s and t h e i r morale

has created a s i tua t ion in which congress (I) leaders in

s t a t e s have come to belive t h a t they can do whatever they

l ike without having to pay the pr ice for i t . Second, the

distance between Mrs. Gandhi and her cabinet and party

colleagues has grown so big t h a t they didnot dare to speak

in her presence. But now there are some favourable indications

the appointment of reasonably honest and competent men as secre­

t a r i e s to the union govt, i s done and they a t e asked to

tender honest advice to the min i s t e r s .

184. JHA (Baidyanath). Ind i ra ' s India . IN| 18 Nov 1984.1

During her prime minis tership she made the things

in order to make India s t ronger . When she became prime

minister she had to face ce r t a in challenges but she

overcame above them i n t e l l i g e n t l y . The overa l l econcxnic

117

grovrt h was due to her keen f.oresight, pragnjatic planning

and meticulous inplementation. In the f ie ld of science and

technology her contribution was gjreat. Regarding defence,

Indian Armed forces today acquired modern and sophis t ica ted

arms. She gave 20 point programne to e radica te poverty. This

programme became the fegna car ta for the welfare of poor.

During Emergency she wants to s e t things r i g h t . In 1971

she successfully guided the country,

185, MATHUR (Gir i sh) . Indira Cast India in her independent

mould. Link. 28, 12; 27 *^ct 1985; 13-15,

I n d i r a ' s India has demonstrated t h a t both non-aligranent

or asser t ion of national sovereignty and the pursui t of

independent development are a t ta inable objectives in todays

balance of forces in the world. She had transformed India

from a nation of beggers in the eyes of world to a world

power,

186. MENON (NC). Pragmatism a t the top , OT 15 July 1981;

Disciisses now she had overcome the trauma of Sanjay's

death and a new Indira with a more pragmatic s ty l e of

functioning emerged .Her s ty l e i s such t h a t promises to

produce b e t t e r r e s u l t s . She has succed in inducing people

to believe her p o l i c i e s . She has searched loyal men who

also possess t a l e n t . Her new pragmatism i s re f lec ted in her

handling of people, p o l i t i c i a n an^ bureaucrats .

118

187. MDHIT SEN. In death Indira l e f t India s t r o l l e r than when

she came to lead . LinK. 28, 12; 27 Oct 1985; 9-10.

Indi ras legacy includes intransigent anti- iraperial ism,

though therewere lapses in t h a t . She didnot lead the

s o c i a l i s t i c construction of India, though ' she placed the

terra in the cons t i tu t ion . She made compromise and gave

concessions to both foreign and indigenous big business

firms but i t cannot be overlooked tha t the national economy

advanced in an a n t i - i r t p e r i a l i s t , independent d i rec t ion ,

together with the compromise and concessions. She regathered

India in the year a f t e r calamity. She was a great Indian

and could not l ive without India and tha t i s why she died

for India. She knew imperialism as the enemy and she fought

i t with valour and sku l l . She accepted sovie t Union as

t rue f r iends .

186. MORAES (frank). ":" - l,ady in Delhi. IE (Delhi, 13 June 1986.

Mrs Gandhi has courage and power of dec i s ion .„Sar l i e r

she persuaded her father to suspend Kerala govt, and persuaded

him against his judgement to separate Gujrat from Bomany.

As P.M. she accepted the p r inc ip le of Punjabi suba. Once sH^

was convinced tha t the control and permit e t c was ' s t i f f ihg

the economic growth, she ranoved i t . She devalued the rupee

for economic recovery and rehab i la t ion .

119

189, PROTECTED FREEDOM, l^j 5 Nov 1984;

I n d i r a Gandhi was bold and courageous in d e c i s i o n ,

though a l l her dec is ions were not c o r r e c t but by and l a r g e

they a re in na t ions i n t e r e s t . Examples a r e t h e n a t i o n a l i ­

z a t i o n of banks, r o l e of Ind ia i n Bangladesh l i b e r a t i o n

movement, i n t e g r a t i o n of Sikkim, r e s t o r a t i o n of the

s a n c t i t y of t h e Golden Temple e t c . But her g r e a t e s t

acheiveratwas t h a t she provided a s t a b l e g o v t , t o the c e n t r e .

She inc reased p r e s t i g e of country in Ase.d# NAM and CHOGM,

190, BAMASAMY (P) . Massive mandate for change. CDN. 6 Apr. 1971;

Mrs. Gandhi 's and p r e s i d e n t ' s speech in pa r l i ament

go t o g e t h e r t o show how t h e new govt , p l ans t o a c t for t h e

implementation of m e n i f e s t s . P res iden t s a i d t h a t Mrs.

Gandhi ' s gov t , had succeeded in p r e s e n t i n g a new framework

for a c t i o n . I t s primary emphasis i s unders tandably on

meeting the long pending gr ievances of t h e masses i n urban

and r u l a r a r e a s . I t announced a c r^sh programme' for r u l a r

employment and a l l o c a t e d 500 m i l l i o n RS- • for i t . Finance

Min i s t e r i n h i s speech make p r o v i s i o n for loans for s e l f

employment and for p r o f e s s i o n a l s . P.M. s a id border i s s u e w i l l

be solved wi th in the frame work of Geneva accord ,

191, RANDHAWA (MS), Some impressions of Ind i ra Gandhi . T^ 15 Aug,

1976,

Mrs. Gandhi has numerous acheivements t o her c r e d i t

whether i t i s the f i e l d of p o l i t i c s , a d m i n i s t r a t i o n or

120

economics e t c . She took keen i n t e r e s t in beaut i f ica t ion of

Delhi, She during her prime minis tership wisely took many

cruc ia l decisions on i n t r i c a t e problems example i s regarding

Pxonjab. She fixed a high procurement pr ice for wheat to

encourage ag r i cu l t u r e . She made determined e f fors t of check

the growth of populat ion. Regarding emergency, improves urban

areas a l l over the country, eneroachraents were removed,

in f l a t ion was controlled successfully and i t promote sense

of d i s c ip l i ne .

192. REDDY (GK). Challange and Chance. Hia 3 Nov 1984;

Indira Gandhi had shaped the course of events in her

time, which wi l l now yie ld place to new inf luences . Mrs.

Gandni was the only leader with a modem mind and a

s c i e n t i f i c temperament. In the in te rna t iona l sphere

Mrs Gandhi had emerged over the years as a leading world

personal i ty championing the cause of the down-trodden

soc i e t i e s , crusading against rac ia l tyranny and economic

exp lo i t a t ion .

193. TENYEARS. Pat . 24 Jan 1976.

Mrs Gandhi's tem continous years of of f ice are

symbolic of a period of s t a b i l i t y in India. Actions was

taken to weaken the bases of imperialism Liberation of

Banglasesh, the accord in Kashmir, the in tegra t ion of

Sikkira and the f inal l iqu ida t ion of Naga insurgency are

inestimable ga ins .

121

194. VERY DSLICATE^ M n k . jiflfc 15 Aug. 1981. \

Mrs Gandhi has extra ordinary vision and courage t h a t

i s enabling the country to triump over Herculean d i f f i c u l ­

t i e s and bigoted dis t ruct ionism. She has became a symbol of

hope for the disadvantaged and dispossessed. Emphasizes t ha t

the responsbi l i ty of nation-building does not l i e on the

govt, alone, people should a lso understand t h e i r duty and

dedicate themselves in carrying the nation forward.

195. ZAII. SINGH, Mrs, Gandhi's Glorious decade of progress,

T r i . 24 Jan 1976.

Discusses the 10 yrs period of Mrs Gandhi. During

t h i s period she made daring dec is ions , , and defended the

democracy from on slaught of facism qnd communal frenzy.

During t h i s period she had to face cer ta in problems a l so ,

there was a s p l i t in congress in 1969 and again in 1971

10 mil l ion rufugees came to India and Pakistan declared

war against India . She placed our country among the atomic

powers and other s c i en t i f i c feat i s the launbhing of

Ar^abhoitta- in to space. To solve the problems of t i s i h g .

p r i ces , inf lanat ion and poverty she announced a 20 point

programme for implementation. She declared emergency and

pulsed the country from the brink of disasber to normally,

196. 2AKARIA (Fatma R), In defence of Indira Gandhi, TI

CXLVIII; 305; 1:5,

122

Mrs. Gandhi had two g r e a t pens ions , she wanted to see

India j o i n the league of g r e a t power, and she determined to

see pover ty banished from the I n d i a . She acheived a g r e a t

dea l in both r e s p e c t s . Af ter Bangladesh war she was i a

possess ion of 5,000 s q . mi les of Pak t - e r r i t o r y and over

90,000 Pak p r i s o n e r s . Mujib^ant t o ^ | ^ t h e s e p r i s o n e r i n

Bangladesh, But she re tu rned the t e r r i t o r y and p r i s o n e r s t o

Pak and p^ved the way for unders tanding among Ind ia , Pak and

Bangladesh. I n d i r a was aware t h a t only an i n t e r n a l l y cohes ive ,

economically s t a b l e and prosperus India would be ab l e to

defend t o i t s s e c u r i t y and i n t e g r i t y .

POLICIES, ANDHA PRADESH

197. VENGAIA RAO ( J ) . Progress of 20-Boint programme. I4nk. 19, 13,

7 Nov 1976; 25.

Discusses the impact of Prime Min i s t e r s 20 p o i n t on

the economy of the Andhra Pradesh . The prime m i n i s t e r ' s

20 p o i n t economic programme has infused a new l i f e i n t o the

coun t ry . The s p e c t a c u l a r acheivements the n a t i o n has r e g i s ­

t e r e d i n a l l walks of l i f e . During a b r i e f pe r i od Andhra

Pradesh l i k e t h e r e s t of the country has been ab le to make

r ap id s t r i d e s . The implementation of the programme has opened

a new chap t e r for the weaker s e c t i o n .

123

POLICIES, ARUl ACHAL PRADESH

198, DEORI (OMEM M). Ind i r a f e a r l e s e l y s tood for democracy and

Secular ism. NH 31 Mar 1985.

I n d i r a was the ch ie f a r c h i t e c t of t o d a y ' s Arunachal

Pradesh. She made a s i g n i f i c a n t c o n t r i b u t i o n i n reshaping

t h e s o c i o - p o l i t i c a l de s t i ny of Arunachal p e o p l e . She fought

for t h e i d e a l s of t he developing na t ions and brought them

up t o a r e s p e c t a b l e s t a t u s under the NAM. She fought for

s o l i d a r i t y of na t ion and f e a r l e s s l y s tood for democracy and

s e c u l a r i s m .

POLICIES BANGLADESH

199. GHOSH (Shankar). Indira and Bangladesh l i b e r a t i o n . ABP.

3 Nov 1984;

Discusses her contribution in the l i be ra t i on of

Bangladesh. The law-giver of western world d i s l iked Mrs

Gandhi for two of her deeds. The axistanee she gave to the

freedom fighers of Bangladesh in 1971 and the nuclear

explosion a t Pokharan in 1974. But the peoples of Bangladesh

remembered her for her help in t h e i r hour of g rea tes t need.

I t i s ^*^^^. Gandhi's support to the freedom f ighters of

Bangladesh which made the l i be ra t ion of Bangladesh possible ,

so quickly and so completely.

124

2 00. MASS SUPPORT and new a u t h o r i t y . Link. 2 Jan 1972.

Mrs. Gandhi 's l e a d e r s h i p wi ths tood American p re s su re

and balckmail over Bangladesh. She has reached new he igh t s

of mass suppor t and gained wider a u t h o r i t y . For he r , t h a t

r ep resen ted f i r s t break- through in her l e a d e r s h i p , t he

t e n a t i v e opening of a l i n e of communication betw<=>en the

governed and governing c l a s s e s . On Bangladesh Ind i r a has l e d

nationac t o a tremendous acheivement, freed Bangladesh and

t augh t Pak i s tan not t o distu^^b peace in the sub c o n t i n e n t .

She demonstrated t h a t the t r e a t y with USSR was a c o r r e c t

s t e p .

210 . REDDY (GK). No Immediate Recognit ion of Bangladesh: P.M.

Hin 8 May 1971;

In a meeting with o p p o s i t i o n l e a d e r P.M. s e t a t r e s t

a l l s p e c u l a t i o n about an e a r l y r ecogn i t i on of Bangladesh.

She sa id India wanted t o v ^ i t and watch t h e developments

before t ak ing a d e c i s i o n , Mts. Gandhi i n d i c a t e d t h a t the

g o v t , might soon send de l ega t ions of M.Ps to world c a p i t a l s

t o explain I n d i a ' s viewpoint i n regard to developments i n

Bangladesh. POLICIES, DEMOCRACY

202 . GIANI ZAIL SINGH. Ind i r a Gandhi: Saviour of Democracy.

So, Ind. 11, 26; 29 Nov 1975; 10 & 2 1 ,

Before her regime Ind ia i n i t s long h i s t o r y never

en^eyed so much p r e s t i g e . Where she became P.M. India were

125

facing many problems but she t a c k l e d them wi th g r e a t de t e rmi ­

na t ion and unders t and ing . When he r p r e s t i g e soared high some

r e a c t i o n a r y p a r t i e s became j e a l o u s and they r e s t o r e d t o

s t r i k e s , bandh and gheraos . They i n c i t e d t h e s t u d e n t s t o

burn busses s top t r a i n s and keep away from t h e i r s t u d i e s .

She dec la red energency and everyone now saw for himself

t h a t Emergency has proved t o be a g r e a t b l e s s i n g . I n f l a t i o n

smugling, blackmarketeer ing have been checked. A n t i - s o c i a l

element de t a ined . I n d u s t r i a l and a g r i c u l t u r a l growth picked

u p . And under her 20 po in t pirogramme home has been provided,

and j u s t i c e i s made wi th in ^ ^ approach of poor peop le .

POLCIES, DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN

203 . INDIRA CHANGED face of I n d i a . Link. 28, 12; 27 Oct .

1985; 17-18.

I n d i r a r e v i t a l i s e d the congress and took important

i n i t i a t i v e s in s t imu la t ing the economy of I n d i a . Agrarian

economy of Ind ia had reached a s t a t e of a c u t e c r i s i s

i n 1968s, when she assumed t h e l e a d e r s h i p . Under her l e a d e r ­

s h i p s t agnan t a g r a r i a n economy was transformed i n t o a dynamic

economy and Ind i a can boast of modest a g r a r i a n s u r p u l s e s .

I n d i r a Gandhi faced a very formidable US-Pakistan c o a l i t i o n

in her a t t empt to reso lve the Bangladesh i s s u e . She gave

d i r e c t i o n t o t h i r d world which s tands o u t s i d e the framework

of nuc lea r p o l i t i c s and superpower r i v a l a r y . Never before

126

had the non-a l igned movotnent p re sen ted so imposing p i c t u r e

of u n i t y . Third world o f f e red such p e r c e p t i v e l e a d e r s h i p

on t h e ques t ion of peace in nuc lea r age and e q u i t y in

economic r e l a t i o n s between n a t i o n s ,

204. MUKHERJEE ( P u r a b i ) , Prime Min i s t e r Ind i ra Gandhi-So I n d .

10, 11 ; 15 Feb 1975; 11-13 .

Discusses i n very b r i e f t he biography of I n d i r a

and h e r acheivements during her s t ewa rdsh ip . The n a t i o n a ­

l i s a t i o n of coalmines, a b o l i t i o n of Privy pu r se and

p r i v i l e g e s again the ©nergence of Bangladesh in the sub­

c o n t i n e n t and t h e real ignment of the p o l i t i c s of Ind ia ,

Bangladesh and Pakis tan a r e p o s i t i v e achievements of

9 yrs of he r P.Mship, Moreover her wisdom in having the

Peace t r e a t y . Fr iendship and coopera t ion wi th USSR on

9 Aug 1971 i s was a l s o a p p r i c i a t e d . anotheracheiveraent i s

t h a t she boasted the image of India by Pok^ran b l a s t .

POLICIES, ECONOMIC

2 0 5 . AGARWAIA (Vi rendra ) . Economic Swarajya. IN* ^^ ^ c . 1984;

Mrs, Gandhi l a i d the foundations of a s t rong and

s e l f r e l i a n t economy with a c l e a r and d e c i s i v e o r i e n t a t i o n

to equi ty and s o c i a l j u s t i c e . Mrs, Gandhi provided a c t i v e

l e a d e r s h i p t o planning of a g r i c u l t u r a l development t o acheive

s e l f - s u f f i c i e n c y . Due t o he r able planning the i n f l a t i o n was

brought down t o reasonably low l e v e l in mid 70s and 8 0 ' s ,

Her g r e a t e s t c o n t r i b u t i o n in t h i s f i e l d lay in making the

whole p lanning process r e l e v a n t t o the common people of the

coun t ry .

127

206. fiOROOAH (DK). Ind i ra Gandhi. A c rusader a g a i n s t Poverty.

_So " J[n_ . 11, 26; 29 Nov 1975; 6 & 32 .

In Mrs. Gandhi 's v i s i o n , the g i f t of l i b e r t y and

na t iona l i sm and the gains of democaracy and modernism a r e

a b s o l u t e l y i l l u s o r y without a manifest subs tance of economic

p r o s p e r i t y of peop le . Her crusade has been a g a i n s t cirushing

p o v e r t y . She embodies, most t r u l y the s p i r i t of an Ind ian .

'XQl. CHALLENGING TASKS. Main 9, 2; 20 Mar 1971; 5 -6 .

Smt. I n d i r a Gandhi by tak ing s t e p s l i k e the n a t i o n a l i ­

s a t i o n of bank, a b o l i t i o n of p r ivy ; burse and p r i v i l e g e s she

gave concre te evidence of her de te rmina t ion t o change the

p a r t i e s a t t i t u d e t o the common people and t h e i r problems.

She a l s o has demonstrated the g r i t and the c a p a c i t y to s tand

Vip t o Big bus iness houses, t h e r i c h farmer lobby and t h e

powerful p r e s s u r e groups working for ves ted i n t e r e s t .

a 0 8 . HANOJMANTA RAO (CH). Ind i r a Gandhi 's c o n t r i b u t i o n to p l a n n i n g .

Pat 7 Nov 1984;

Mrs. Gandhi ' s ccxnmitment to t h e goa l s of economic

p lanning and p r a c t i c e was firm and un ivoca l , she c a r r i e d

forward i t wi th g r e a t devot ion and e f f o r t . She was committed

t o achieving s e l f - r e l i a n c e i n food g r a i n s , defence and

technology e t c . She modernise our economy through t e c h n o l o g i c a l

upgrada t ion . She has l a i d the foundat ions of a s t rong and

s e l f r e l i a n t economy with a c l e a r and d e c i s i v e o r i e n t a t i o n

t o equi ty and s o c i a l j u s t i c e .

128

209. KANORIA (SS). Indira embodied the s p i r t of India.ET, XI;

235; 18 Nov 1984; IV: 1,

Mrs, Gandhi wanted us t o look beyond the "Poverty,

the heet and the dust", to the s p r i t of Indian people, The

f i r s t major economic pol icy i n i t i a t i v e tha t she ; ^ k was

the na t iona l i sa t ion of 14 major conroercial banks. Under

the 20 point programme she wanted t o , improve the working

of public sec tor undertakings; maximise power generation;

ra i se i r r i ga t ion po ten t ia l and incirease production of

pulses and vegetables oi lseeds and promote family planning

on a volutary bas i s . She took act ive i n t e r e s t in developing

high technology aeeas; space and nuclear eaergry. One of

the roost notable features of the period of Mrs. Indi ra

Gandhi's tenure of office has been the ent ra-ordinary

development and blossoniing of the na t ion ' s human resources,

210. KRISHNA (KG). What Indian banking -iwes to Indira Gandhi.

AB Pat . 22 Nov 1984;

Mrs Gandhi thought banks as one of the powerful

tool in countr ies development socia l j u s t i c e was one of

prime goal and pr inc ipal motivation while dealing with banks,

during her period the banking S3^tem in India has the record

of having spread, i t s branches over a very large area and

remote v i l l a g e s . Nearly 3600 branches has been opened. Bank

branches have helped in earr ing growth and development t o

v i l l a g e s . Bank deposit now fffrm 40% of the nat ional income,

ffer roost impoirtant contrlbiit lon to banking was, her great

emphasis on the need to maintain a high degree of professio­

nalism in the management of banks.

129

211. MISHRA (Glr ish) . Indira Gandhi and Indian economy, Pat .

15 Nov 1984.

When Indira became P.M., Indian economy was in a

bad shape, the country wgS In a gr ip of an acute food and

foreign exchange c r i s i s . Even she waS forced to devalue the

Indian Rupee and to sign PI>-480 agrement. But she fought

back, nat ional ised the 14 big commercial banks, ended the

pr ivy purse and the p r iv i leges of ICS. During her premier

ship the Indian economy made rapid s t r i d e s . The PL-480

agrement was terminated. India acheived se l f - suf f ic iency

in food grains and o i l s . I t came to possess ai large

s c i e n t i f i c and technica l manpower, Indian economy now in

a very strong pos i t ion .

212. MISHRA (Panchanan). Economic philosophy of Indira NJJ 3 Nov

1985.

Indira sent an economic programme to the AICC meeting in Banglore in July 1969. This programme was accep­ted . She t r i e d t o l i b e r a l i s e the economy l i f t unnecessiry Controls on issuing l icences and permits thus removing Bottlenecks, in the way of speedier economic development

and take s t r ingent measures to e radica te currugption and

tax evasions. She launched her 20 point programme and i n t r o -

dxice s\jch measures which coxild benefi t the poorest segment

of population.

213. N;ffH (AD). Indira Gandhi i s dead but her s p r i t endures.

Ig; 18 Nov 1984.

130

Mrs. Gandhi was a great hardle in the way of

imper ia l i s t powers hence the was assassinated. She was a

nteissiah of downtrodden and working c l a s s . Under her

leadership India waS emerging as world power economically.

According to World Bank data Indian economy grew at the

r a t e of 6-9% in 1980. 5-7% in 1981, 5-9% in 1982 and 5.4%

in 1983. This w^s compared with Chinese economy.

214. SHIRDKOV (GK). Tribute to a Soviet adroicer. Pat» 21 Nov 1984.

Uhder Mrs, Gandhi's leadership big e f for t s were made

t o remove the remanants of colonialism in Indian economy.

The other di rect ions of these e f for t s were d ive r s i f i ca t ion

of the economic s t ruc tu re , the construct ion of numerous new

indust r ies serv i - ing c i v i l i a n as well as defence needs of

coxintry. §s chairperson of the nonaligned movement. She

infi:aed new ideas in i t s a c t i v i t i e s , to uni t these countr ies

in the f ight for the el imination of unjust world economic

orddr.

215. SINGH (Govind Narain). Indira Gandhi, the strom-rider

^ 20 Nov 1975.

I t was the genius of Indira t h a t she %»ent down deep

into roots of our present malaise. She did not t i n k e r with

problems for cheap popular i ty . She se t out t o solve them.

The na t a l i s a t ion of bank was an i n ^ r t a n t s tep in t h i s

d i rec t ion . In matters of labour r e l a t ion , she has followed

a policy promoting labour welfare consis tent with an increase in

production and national income. She announced her 20 point

programme to up l i f t downtrodden.

131

216, SRIVASTAVA (BN). She championed the cause of the poor. jff.

IKl, 320; 19 Nov 1984; 1:1,

She vras the trtie defender and grea tes t champion

of the poor people in India. She dedicated her whole l i f e

for the progress and prosper i ty of these peoples. She i s

the bui lder of moder of modem India, ffer f ive years plans

have brought about chronological transformation in agr icu l ­

tu re and Industry. Mrs. Gandhi i n i t i a t e d hsr 20 point

progransne in 1975 to l ighten the hardship of various groups.

Many of her objectives were acheived. She did a l o t of work

for the upliftment of scheduled cas te and scheduled t r i b e s ,

217. VERMA (KewaD* Indira Gandhi's p o l i t i c a l economy. Main. 25

9; 15 Nov 1986; 19-23.

Discusses Indira Gandhi's contr ibut ion In successful

management of the Indian economy. When Indira tookover the

charge of country, India has t o depend an the PL 480 food

shipment from USA or ^id India constvrium. In her stewardship

the degree of se l f - r e l i ance tha t the coxintry had acheived

was demonstrated by the decision t o forgo pa r t of the

sanctioned IMP loan. Indira give encouragement both to

Agriculture and indus t r ia l power in the i n i t i a l years,

diversion of resources to agr icul ture did ef fec t the

indus t r i a l sec tor but Indira was keen t h a t the indus t r i a l

sec tor should not be ignored. As a r e s u l t of Indus t r ia l

growth the Indian economy undervent a s t r uc tu r a l change.

132

She n a t i o n a l i s e d banks, petroleum Indus t ry , coa l e t c .

She know t h e valxae of s e l f r e l i a n c e as she d idno t handed

over Bombay High t o fo re ign firms fo r d r i l l i n g , a g a i n s t

t h e wish of h i s petroleum m i n i s t r . Her ano the r ab id ing

c o n t r i b u t i o n was a s t r o n g welfare b i a s she gave t o economy.

In e a r l y years48% popula t ion i s below pover ty l i v e b u t

1983-84 survey showed t h a t i t i s now on ly 37,4%,

POLICIES, EMERGENCY

218, BHASKAR RAD XN) , Mrs. Gandhi more popu la r a f t e r t h e emer­

gency NH; 1 Aug, 1975,

Author v i s i t e d t h e e i g h t remote v i l l a g e s of, two

each in H^ryana, Rajasthan, UP and Delh i . Find Mrs. Qiandhi

has gained more s t r e n g t h and p o p u l a r i t y among t h e s i l e n t

ma jo r i t y of peoples a f t e r proclamat ion of emergency. Reason

i s t h a t t h e r e are f a l l in p r i c e s , punc t iona l i t y of govt ,

o f f i c e s and banks, I t ellmijaated c u r r u p t i o n and a r t i f i c i a l

s c a r c i t y by borde r s o r s p e c u l a t o r s ,

219. P.M,*s THINKING. ^ , 19 Sept 1976,

Discusses the ga ins of emergency, A b i g change has

been brought about in t h e a t t i t u d e of the people toward

n a t i o n a l problems and a s p i r a t i o n s . Remarkable p rog re s s made

in economic development of t h e coun t ry t o i n t e r n a l peace ,

d i s c i p l i n e and u n i t y . Disputes among s e v e r a l s t a t e s were

s e t t l e d f i n a l l y dur ing emergency.

133

220. REDDY (GK), Posit ive d i rec t ion to country during Emergency,

PM's aim. Hitt. 7 Jul 197 5;

A wellcome by-product of the present eitiergency has

been sharp f a l l in the normal crime r a t e a l l o"ver the

country and fu l l use of emergency powers against hogrders

and biackraarketeers and for evaders e t c , spec ia l powers are

also exercised to prevent p o l i t i c a l ag i t a t ions , enforce

economic d i sc ip l ine and r e s t r a i n the a n t i soc ia l elements.

I t a lso serving the useful purpose of spurring the nation

into constrxK;tive act ion, Mrs. Gandhi interids t o t ak l e the

present Indian malaise at d i f ferent levels by compartmenta­

l i s i n g the campaign for be t t e r standards of p o l i t i c a l

behaviour, economic performance and soc ia l d i s c ip l i ne ,

221. SINHA (RK), India ' s second revolut ion. ^ 24 Jan 1976,

Mrs, Gan<5ii wanted India to be one of the four big

nations of the world. But imper ia l is t forces are opposing

i t , because of her a n t i imper ia l i s t s tand. Prom 1972 t o

Jxine 1975 students were encouraged t o s t r i k e , walk out and

to demand postponement of examinations. Railway s t r i k e s were

launched. In t h i s s i tua t ion the , emergency launched by

Mirs, Gandhi came as a boon to the people of India. I t has

meant more production, greater d iad ip l lne ,

222. THAKUR (BN). Indira Gandhis True symbol of Indian genius,

^ . 19 Nov 1976,

134

Mrs, Gandhi's tenure has been fu l l of challenges

everslnce she assxaned the office cf Prlrne-Ministeship, But

she always kept the countr ies i n t e r e s t and d igni ty of the

nation uppermost in the mind. Proclamation of emergency and

follow up measure under 20 point economic programme have

added new dimensions to Mrs. Gandhi's p o l t l c a l c a r r e r .

Recent cons t i tu t iona l reforms affirm t h a t the parliraanent

e lected by people is supreme,

POLICIES, FILM

223. ARUNA VASUISV. ffovement for qua l i ty f i lms, HT. LXI, 319;

18 Nov 1984; VIi 3.

Beveals the major role played by Mrs. Gandhi in

the promotion of film s o c i e t i e s . Mrs. Gandhi was a member

of Delhi film society and in I960 she accepted the vice

presidentship of newly created film federation, when she

became Minister for information and broadcasting in 1964,

systematic examptlon from censorship for film socie ty

screenings was the aPtong the f a c i l i t i e s federation received.

224. MALIK (Aroita). Indira as film bxxff. S ta t 3 Nov 1984; I I I i 3.

Xftider Mrs Gandhi's Ministership every th ing from

ju r i e s to films, waS professional ly se lected by s p e c i a l i s t s .

She t r i e d to ra i se the standard of films in liidla. After

an film fes t iva l she gave an Informal and very sophis t ica ted

dinner to film pe r sona l i t i e s . Moreover when an Alegrian

135

film team came to India t o be personal ly present a t the

premier of t h e i r farooxis film, they to ld the author t h a t

they had fa i led t o meet Mrs Gandhi but s t i l l wanted t o

meet her, she not only met them but talked in the f luent

French, Beside t h i s she helped many yoting film maker.

POLICIES, FOREIGN

225. AIYAR (Swamlnathan S) , Concilatiori s p i r i t v i t a l for concun

meet successi PM, Iff 24 Oct 1981;

Mrs. Gandhi in cancun summit declared t h a t the

complex problems of development could be b e t t e r solved by

cooperation than confrontation. She said there should be

an interdependence among the countr ies for advance of

technology, t ranspor t and communications. She emphasised on

needs of emergency food reserves f inancia l assis tance for

i r r iga t ion , f e r t i l i s e r s and technical inputs . In a separate

meeting with French president she asked the cooperation of

Canada In India ' s development and support in ge t t ing IMF

loan.

226. ARMS AND Neighbours. HT 11 Apr 1981; itU

Mrs Gandhi has cautioned the Pakistan and h i s

patrons t ha t the development of nuclear arms wil l hgve

gave and i r revers ib le consequences on the sub cont inent ,

a ie contended tha t disputes are be3t s e t t l e d t h r o u ^

negotions.

136

227. BHAMBHRI (CP), Ihiperiallst assau l t on Independent India.

Pat? 14 Nov 1984;

Indira Gandhi strengthen the basic framwork of

India ' s foreign pol icy of Nonalignment, world peace, a n t i

imperialism and active support t o the nat ional l ibeiration

movement. The Imperial is t nations and t h e i r loca l c o l l a ­

borators want t o de ra i l Ihdia ' s foreign pol icy . From 1980-84,

India ' s foreign pol icy opposed within the coiantry by Dali t

Mazador Kisan Party, Janata Party and Bhari)ia Janta Par ty .

Art icle analyses of d i f f i c u l t i e s of Indira Gandhi to

evolve a nat ional consensus on foreign pol icy during

1980-84,

228. CHOPRA (VD). Division in an t i - imper i a l i s t forces Pat? 19 Nov

1984.

The p o l i t i c a l objective of k i l l i n g Indira was

dismemberment and des tab i l i sa t ion of India, She was k i l l ed

v^en India had emerged as a great power and hold the

balance between an t i - imper i a l i s t andpro imper ia l i s t forces .

India ' s pol icy of se l f re l iance and independent development

had s t a r t ed changing the e n t i r e scenario of in ternat ional

economic r e l a t i o n . She symbolize the aspi ra t ion of e n t i r e

t h i rd world.

229. CHOPRA (VD). Indira Gandhi's legacy. Link. 28, 12; 21 Oct

1985; 15-16.

137

Indira was ardently committed to the caxose of world

peace and fight against imperialism. It was Indira who

took the banner of disartnanent and saved the humanity from

brink of precipice. She tried to maintain detente, secure

the dismantling of the foreign military bases in Indian

ocean and make the Indian ocean a zone of peace. Attempts

were made to worsen the friendship between India and Soviet

Union but she failed these attempts. Indira said that the

situation around Afthanistan, including withdrawal of Soviet

troops could be defused only by a political and regetiated

settelement.

230. JHA (LK). Indira " andhi and the USA: A personal view

Link. 28, 12; 27 Oct 1985; 4-6.

Outlines efforts of Mrs. Gandhi in making good

relations with USA, Within couple of months of assuming

office, she decided to pay a visit to the USA, There, to

presidentJonson, she had promised full support of the USA

in Indias economic development. She has a wide range of

friends in the USA, and she spend some time with her

friends at their residence. Indra made it a practice to

receive visitoiry congressmen and Senators who came to

India. In her Nov 1971 visit she was able to evoke much

support, understanding and warmth outside officialdom. At

her initiative a meeting with president Regan was arranged

in which a major part of the difficulties over spare parts

for Tarapur was resolved. A new science and technology

initiative was launched.

138

231. NaN (Pseud). I t won't take shape. TI . V. Issue; 25 J u l 1966.

Mrs. Gandhi was determined to cneate a new image of

Indian leadership, tha t i s purposeful, decisive, bold and

pragmatic. She revamped the adn in i s t r a t i on . She gave preference

to merit , instead of s en io r i t y . Under her leadership the

geeeral i n i t i n a t i o n of a foreign pol icy to avoid tmpleasanteness

to understimate one 's capacity for i n i t i a t i v e , to calcula te

in terms of d i f f i c u l t i e s and to adopt the postures supposedly

expected of a non~aligned power. However on her ca i ro-Brioni-

^toscow she was i l l prepared and a s ingle communique issued

j o i n t l y with USSR i r r i t a t e d west Germany and USA.

2 32. PfiAKASH CHANDRA. Mrs. Gandhi Sets new s t y l e . NIP 26 Aug 1971.

Appointment of D.P. Dhar as chairman of the Foreign

Polipy planning corranission i s one of the important decision

taken by P.M. I t i s c lear tha t P.M. i s now introducing some

of the impresive features of the US Presidency into her s ty le

of Govt. Mrs. Gandhi's new moves to streamline policy planning

machinary in Foreign Affairs and economic policy making are

new steps doubly welcomed for t h e i r fressness of approach.

233. RAGHAVAN (c) . Indira Gandhi and t h t t d world. Main 23, 12;

Nov 1984; 23-24.

Author sought to present t o foreign friends of India

the basic imperatives behind India ' s nonalignment. Involve

ment with the r e s t of the Third ^orld, and the i t s po l i c i e s

of friendship with soviet Union,

139

2 34. REDDY (GK). New dimensions t o fo re ign p o l i c y . Hin 1 Jun 1976.

Mrs Gandhi, has taken 10 yea r s of p a t i e n t e f f o r t to

e l e v a t e I n d i a ' s fore ign p o l i c y from the slow motion of the

s i x t i e s and give big push in mid s e v e n t i e s for i n fus ing

g r e a t e s t acheivements i s t h a t fche had rev ived the c o u n t r y ' s

f a i t h in i t s e l f and compel the world t o recognise and r e s p e c t

i t s impor tance . I n d i a ' s po l i cy of improving r e l a t i o n s with

neighbouring coun t r i e s on the bas i s of sovere ign e q u a l i t y

helped i t i n so lv ing problems,

235. VOHRA (HR). Mrs. Gandhi asks UN members t o shun force in

s e t t i n g d i s p u t e s . T I ; 15 Oct 1968; I s l .

In U.N, General assembly she in her speech asked

> Soviet Union to withdrew i t s forces immediatly from cJischo-

s l a v o k i a . Her re fe rence t o the vi^tname war was b r i e f and

b l and , ^he devoted 61 words t o the west i s i a n c r i s i s . 31ie

s a i d a l l c o u n t r i e s must follow the p o l i c y of peacefu l

c o e x i s t e n c e .

POLICIES, FOREST

JUG 3URAIYA. Championing the cause of c o n s e r v a t i o n . S t a t e

CXXU, 3 i:>ec 1984; 6 t 7 .

Mrs. Gandhi promoted the environmental consc i ence .

She look e f f e c t i v e s t e p s for conserva t ion of f o r e s t . Under

h e r l e a d e r s h i p India began t o p lay impor tant r o l e a t i n t e r ,

n a t i o n a l fonnians such as UN Environment programme. Mr. N.D.

Tlwari in h i s r e p o r t asked for a comprehensive environmental

140

p o l i c y . In 1982 Mrs Gandhi i n f i r s t environmental conference

s a i d when you save the f o r e s t , you save t h e f u t u r e . She

t eachs us t o work with na ture and no t a g a i n s t i t .

POLICIES, GUJSAT

2 37. MIoTRY (MK). Mrs. I n d i r a Gandhi and G u j a r a t . ^ 20 Nov 1984.

Discusses Mrs. Gandhi 's c o n t r i b u t i o n i n Guja ra t

p o l i t i c s . She played an important r o l e i n t h e formation of

t h e s e p a r a t e s t a t e of Gujarat i n 1960. She made a tremendous

impact on the p o l i t i c a l seene in the s t a t e , ^ e r roost l a s t i n g

c o n t r i b u t i o n to p o l i t i c a l l i f e in Guj ra t was t h a t p o l i t i c s

ceased to be pireoccupation of a c l a s s and became a concern

of the masses .

POLICIES, JUDICIARY

238. MAHAJAN (Krishan) . End. of an ^ p o c h . HT, 5 Nov 1984.

Mrs. Gandhi was the only person i n India who brought

t o the fore the i ssueand necess i ty of committed j u d i c i a r y "

for removing pover ty , t he problem of d i r e c t i v e p r i n c i p l e s

versus fundamental r i g h t s in the con ten t of the economic

r e a l i t y of India and t h e i s sue of t a k i n g j u s t i c e t o the

doors teps of the p e o p l e . In o rder t o improve g lo ry of

j u d i c i a r y she appoin ted l a r g e s t number of judges and supeirseed

the s e n i o r most j u d g e s . She a t tempts t o c u r t a i l the j u r i s d i c t i o n

of cou r t s but i t was due l a r g e nxanber of s t ay o rde r s i n

revenue m a t t e r s and land reforms e t c . She ex t r a o r d i n a r l y

managed t o run India aS a c o n s t i t u t i o n a l democracy, pushing

towards s o c i a l i s m .

1 4 1

PLICIES, LANGUAGE, HINDI

239. RAMBLER. So many Memories. NT; 5 Nov 1984.

She has a g r e a t love and r e s p e c t for Acharya

Vlnoba a i a v e . Vinoba gave her the adv ice of " C h a r a i v e t i -

c h a r a i v e t i " (Keep on walk ing) . She a l s o c o n t r i b u t e d for

the upl i f tment of H ind i . She a-^reed t o hold f i r s t Vishwa

Hindi sammelan a t Nagpur. She s a i d i n sammaltft- t h a t

Hindi should keep i t s doors and windows open for a s s i m i l a t i n g

f r e e l y from o the r languages ,

POLICIES, NAM

240. MAIHUR (Gr i sh) . How India l e n t meaning t o Nonaligmient

Link. 29, 4 ; 31 Aug. 1986; 15-16-

Che t h i r d NAM summit could not be held because l i k e

Tifo, and Nasser, Indian leaderlahip t o o was preoccupied with

i n t e r n a l problems and faced with e x t e r n a l a g r e s s i o n . But

I n d i r a soon a f t e r t ak ing over, i n v i t e d T i to and Nasser to

I n d i a . I t was on her n i t i a t i v e t h a t the f i r s t informal meeting

of the foreign m i n i s t e r s of the members of the NAM he ld in

New York in 1969. She was ab le t o persxiade Kaxanda to hos t

t h e summit. I t was l a r g e l y due t o Ind ian i n i t i a t i v e t h a t the

movement was given an economic d i r e c t i o n .

2 4 1 . GOYAL (DR). Change of Guard. NH 7 Jan 1985.

Assass ina t ion of Mrs. Gandhi was a shock for a l l

those who a sp i r ed t o see the world f ree irom i m p e r i a l i s t

14a

and colonial exp lo i t a t ion . She made ISAM the instrument of

unfinished revolut ion. The NAM world admired her for the

grea t courage she displayed in the face of :tonnidable

chal lenges. She assiduously worked to t r a n s l a t e the

aspi ra t ions of the movement into ac t ion .

KiLICIES, MUCUSAR

242. LIVING BY the sword. HT. LVIII,, 95; 7 Apr. 1981; 9:1.

Mrs Gandhi warned the possibility of worldwide

conflagration is not very far, if a check have not put on

the nuclear arms. Though none of the super power might wish

to use his nuclear potential, but war may be initiated by

accident due to computer failures as it was happended in

recent past.

POLICIES, PEACE

243. INDIRA GANDHI and peace. NH. 3 May 1985.

USSR honoured Mrs Gandhi by conferring her posthu­

mously the pres t ig ious Lenin peace f ' r ize. She personif ied

freedom and compaigned ceaselessly for peace to pro tec t

freedom. She devoted her l i f e for the l ibe ra t ion of the

people subjugated, against a l l forms of imperialism and

neo colonism. For her peace me<mt a many-splendoured and

multi-dimentional objective for hi;unan progress .

143

2 44. SCHAFFER (Gordon), Deep l o s s f e l t by UK peace workers . Pat

9 Nov 1984,

Mrs, Gandhi 's absence from t h e peace movement would

be most deeply f e l t by peace workers . Mrs. Gandhi r e f f e r e d

t o the apathy of people t o the nuc lea r menance. She was

oompletly devoted t o se rv ing the cause of peace ,

245, JOSHI (Harideo) , Impact of Ind i ra Decade, NH 30 Apr 1976.

Mrs, Gandhi ' s b igges t c o n t r i b u t i o n t o Rajas than has

been the c r e a t i o n of a s o c i a l i s t democrat ic a tmosphere . When

I n d i r a took charge of the na t ion in 1966, Rajasthan was • in

a s t a t e of tu rmoi l , but during her pe r i od and by her r evo lu ­

t i o n a r y 20 po in t socio-economic programme and by emergency,

t h e s t a t e has acheived a l l round p r o g r e s s , b e n e f i t i n g the

weaker s ec t i on of the s o c i e t y .

POLICIES, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

246. JOSHI (PC). How s h a l l we remembsr. P i t 19 Nov 1984.

Ind i r a Gandhi occupied the Indian s tage as a colossus

t o the l a s t moment of h e r l i f e . While she ac ted , r ecogn i s ing

every problem facing the na t ion as her own. She has moved

Ind ia forward along the path of modern s c i e n t i f i c and t e c h ­

n o l o g i c a l progress and u t i l i s i n g i t for a c c e l e r a t i n g I n d i a ' s

a g r i c u l t u r e and I n d u s t r i a l r e v o l u t i o n .

144

POLICIES, SECULARISM

247. WATSON (Francis). Indira Gandhi, Gaurd' : 15 March

1967.

Discusses the roll of Mrs. Gandhi in removing the

communal hatered. tier conduct in the riot turn Delhi in the

first montj;! of independence is a peice of great courage. At

shahidullah station she single handed reset© a man from a

murderous mob. ohe worked in the Muslim area of old city and

made quick arrangements for their food and other necessaries,

without caring for excited Hindu population.

POLICIES, SIKH

248. SINGH (Harbans;. Indira Gandhi and the Sikhs, j ^ 4 Nov 1984.

Discusses the feelings of Mrs Gandhi towards Sikh

community. She has a great respect and affection for sikhs.

She paid a tribute to uru Govind Singh and described his

courage and his repudiation of cast and superstitions. She

also in a tribute to Guru Nanak described him as a harbinger

of the massage of peace and goodwill for the whole humanity.

She helped in settin; up the * uru Nanak Institute of Compa­

rative study of Religions and a department of Musicology

under the auspices of uru Nanak foundation for Tej Bahadur

she said his beaahings were still valid in dealing with the

problems of our times. She landed the role of sikh community

in the freedom struggle and after. In New York in 1981 she

said that sikhs had occupied a place of impoifance in the

country and they are considered the nation's strength.

145

POLICIES, SOCIALISM

2 4 9 . SOCIALISM & SECULARISM. IN 23 Nov 1 9 7 6 .

Mrs. Gandhi at the national convention of the lYC

aimed at the set up in which there will be no poverty and

exploitation of man by man but the values which the country

has inherited from the past will not be devtroyad. Her

socialism is that in which all religio' s are respected

equally.

POLICIES, SRI lANKA

250. MEETIYAGOEA (Ven). Mrs. Gandhi treated nation, Sangha with

Kindred sprit. Pat; 17 Nov 1984.

Mrs. Gandhi treate shri Lanka and Sangha with a

kindred sprit. She was a great leader who followed the

teachings of Buddha. She was respected and loved by Lankan

people,

POLICIES, WILDLIFE

251. 3HAHI (SP). Mrs. Gandhi and Wild life. ; 4 Dec 1984.

Discusses important role played by Mrs. Gandhi for

the protection of wild life. The wild life protection Act

was passed in 1972 only due to her efforts. Again in emergency

a new directive was inserted after article 48 asking states

to protect and improve the environment and to safegaurd the

forest and wild life of the country. Among 10 fondamental

duties of a citizen one is that he should protect wild life

146

and natural environment. By amendment she brought. Forest,

wild animal and birds into concurrent list. She also passed

forest conservation Act in 1980 to prohibit diversion of

forest land into nonforest land.

252, HBR COMMITMENT to conservation. OT. LXI, 319; 18 Nov 1984;

IV: 3.

She paid great attention in saving the flora and fauna

of the country from distruction. She sometimes summoned field

workers with practicle experience and enlist their help to

massive conservation front like project (Pigere. For our

survival we need a balanced environment. Forests are the

lungs of a country and to flourish forest we need animals and

birds. Her reasons for wanting Nature iaved from destruction

were based on the sinple premise that the lively hood of

average Indian rular was based on the health of land, which

is dependent i jon the existence of wild plant and animal

species,

INDIRA GANDHI, INDIA, HISOTRY, RELIGION

253, PUPUL JAYAKAR, S p i r i t u a l and r e f l e c t i v e . . . HT.LXI, 319; 18 Nov

1984; 1 :1 .

Ind i ra and her f a t h e r would l i s s e n t o he r mother r^^ad

from t h e Ramayna; the Mahabharat, the Bhagavat G i t a , Her

s p i r i t u a l s e l f was iiwakened in childhood i t s e l f . Af te r t h e

Sarrjays death the r e l i g i o u s p a r t of he r p e r s o n a l i t y which

had receded i n t o the background, began re-emerging . She

be l i eved t h a t un less man discovered ways t o conta in g i g n a t i c

147

advance of sc ience and technology, human q u a l i t i e s would

slowly e rode . She had a s t rong sense of the sacred and a

b e l i e f in p o o r n a s t h a l a ,

TOUR, EAST; EUROPE

254. REDOY (GK). Mrs. Gandhi impresses a s i n t e l l i g e n t and ded ica ted

Prime M i n i s t e r . 19 Oct 1967; 1:1, 9 : 3 .

Discusses Mrs. Gandhi 's East European t o u r . On t h i s

t r i p , Mrs. Gandhi has made a hea l thy break from the pagt

h e a l t h y p r a c t i c e of diplomacy. The d i scuss ions with l e a d e r s

of v a r i o u s coun t r i e s have been more candid and f r u i t f u l . The

o v e r a l l impression she i s leaving behind i s of a young,

i n t e l l i g e n t and ded ica ted Prime Min i s t e r who i s p o s s i o n a t e l l y

devot ing he r se l f to the e x i s t i n g t a s k of c r e a t i n g new I n d i a .

She succeded in c r e a t i n g a more agreable image of I n d i a ' s

ma tu r i t y and capac i ty t o judge i n t e r n a t i o n a l developments .

TOUR, EUROPE, 1971

255. AIYAR (RP). Ind i r a i s I n d i a . FPJ. 19 Nov 1971; 8 - 9 .

Discusses her t o u r of the Six western c a p i t a l s . She

impressed the peoples of the v i s t i n g coun t r i e s and they

a p p r e c i a t e d her un l imi ted courage and abounding conf idence ,

the predominant f a c t o r t h a t has impressed the l e a d e r s t h a t

she had given asylum t o 10 mi l l i on peop les from Bangladesh.

In Par i s Boon and London the leiaders have promised t o convey

148

the Pakistani President the need to negotiate a p o l i t i c a l

se t t lement . These countries and U3A are agreed to discontinue

arms supply to Pakistan. She is succeded in reciving same

t aid for the^rufugees.

256. SIGNIr lCANT VISIT. l£ 17 Nov 1981.

Mrs Gandhi is succeded in getting a credit of

100 million, and another S 10 million grant for fertilisers

and trucks, from Rome, apart from the S 40 million credit

already committed. The French part of the tour has evoked

wider interest. If their relationship deepended it can make

a distinct contribution to world peace and a more just

economic order.

TOUR, USA

257. INDIRA GANDHI in Washington. Link. 8, 34; 3 Apr 1966; 6

This tour was her f i r s t successful attempt to a s se r t

the equal i ty between an aid-receiving and aid-giving country.

Her object in undertaking the journey to USA was not merely

to t a lk to policy-makers but mainly to approach American

publ ic opinion, P.M. made i t c lear t h a t India wanted

ass i s tance on meri ts , on the country 's performance, in order

to build a democratic s o c i a l i s t soc ie ty .

258. PRIME MINIiTER'S Tour. Lin]^. 8, 35; 10 Apr 1966; 6-8.

Mrs. Gandhi feels tha t i t i s too early t o assess

the impact of her t a l k s , with President Johnson, which were

149

aimed a t expla in ing Indian p o l i c i e s and f o s t e r i n g an under­

s t and ing of Indian a t t i t u d e s , Secondary o b j e c t i v e of I n d i r a ' s

v i s i t was t o bring home t o US pub l i c op in ion t h a t t h e p o l i c y

pursued by the s t a t e department and p in tagon for over a

decade i n r e spec t of Pak is tan was wrong.

259. WEEK. Link. 8, 34; 3 Apr 1966; 5.

Meeting between Ind i r a Gandhi and P res iden t Johnson

have c o n t r i b u t e d to a valviable pe r sona l unders tanding bwtween

t h e i r two c o u n t r i e s . The only po in t emphasised by Indian

P.M. i s t h a t the Taskkent Dec la ra t ion should be regarded as

the bas i s for a l l n e g a t i a t i o n s h e r e a f t e r for s t r e n g t h e n i n g

peace between India and Pak i s t an .

TOUR, USSR, 1976

260. GATHANI (Batuk). Socia l ism shaped According to Indian need:

Mrs. Gandhi. Hin. 11 Jun 1976.

Mrs Gandhi 's presence in Moscow symbolises a new e ra

towards conso l ida t ing the t r a d i t i o n and s p i r i t of Indo-Sovie t

f r i e n d s h i p and coope ra t ion . Mrs, Gandhi and Mr. Brezhnev had

d i s c u s s i o n s over Ind ia s r e l a t i o n with i t s immediate neighbours,

Also d i scussed about events i n Afr ica ,

TOUR, WALKING R«E BAREILLY

261 . DIXIT (KK). Importance of Prime M i n i s t e r ' s Pada-Yatra,

m 16 Apr 1976.

150

Mrs. Gandhi 's padayatra has t o be assessed i n terms of

i t s capac i ty t o f i l l up the gap t h a t o b t a i n s between the

a c t u a l i t i e s and the needs of hou r s , P.M. came out wi th h e r

20 p o i n t programme t h a t w i l l go a long way towards m i t i g a t i n g

the economic misery of poores masses . The padayat ra movement

i n i t i a t e d by P.M. must he made an ins t rument of he lp ing the

poore r masses to p r e s s for making t h e country move i n the

r i g h t d i r e c t i o n . Mr^. Gandlii i n t ends r e a l t o t a l r evo lu t ion ,

as a complete answer t o t h e spur ious t o t a l r e v o l u t i o n .

262. VERMA (Kap i l ) . PM's padaya t ra to spur pace of development.

HT 13 Apr 1976.

Blazin new t r a i l Mrs. Gandhi went on a "Padayatra" of

he r cons t i tuency of Rae Bare l i with a view t o involving the

promise i s made t o open an High School, a Bosfsi tal and a

p u b l i c o f f i c e . 77 l a n d l e s s person had been a l l o t t e d a t o t a l

of 77.5 Mghas i n the v i l l a g e 13 f ami l i e s has been given the

house s i t e s .

TOUR, WEiT BEMSAL, 1971

263. JROWDING A Programme. S t a t e ; 4 Sept 1971;

Discusses Mrs Gandhi ' s v i s i t t o the refugees and the

flood a f f ec t ed people i n West Bengal, Even the v i s i t makes

no d i f f e r e n t to what t h e govt , can do for the su f fe r ing people ,

they w i l l a t l e a s t know t h a t the l i i i i i t a t i o n of t h e e f f o r t

a r e not due t o any lack of concern o r w i l l a t the h i g h e s t

l e v e l . Also o u t l i n e s t h a t a b r e a t h l e s s s e r i e s of meet ings

during a b r i e f s t a y a t a p l ace i s not f a i r for P.M.

PART THREE INDEXES

151

AUTHDR INDEX

it

Agarwala (Virendra) 20 5

Ahmed Sayed Chattari 1

Aiyar (RP) 2 55

Aiyar (Swaminathan S) 17 3,22 5

Andrews (CP) 11

Aney (MS) 12

Aruna vasudev 223

B

Barman (Ashis) 123

Bharabhari (CP) 43^44,76,227

Bhargva (I4L) 145

Bhaskar Rao (N) 218

Bindo Rao 174

Borooah (DK) 124,206

C

Chagla (IC) 45

Chakraborty (Amulyakumar) 39

Chakravar ty (Nikhil) 46,17 5

Cha lapa th i Rau (M) 116,146

Chelyshev (EJ 47

C h i t t a r a n j a n (CN) 77,111,125,12 153

Chopra (VD) 135,228*^229

152

D

Damadaran (AK) 4 0 , 8 1 , 1 3 8

Dar (AN) 176

Darbara s i n g h 177

Deor i (Oinem M) 198

Dhanapala (DE) 2

Diwan Chaman La i 3

D i x i t (KK) 261

Dubhashi (PR) 178

Duggal (KK) 179

Duni chand 13

E

Ehasan Ahmed 41

F

F i s h e r {m) 82

G

Gandhi ( I n d i r a ) 14 ,151

Ganesh P r a s a d

G a t h a n i (Batuk)

Ghosh (Shankar)

Ghosh (Tusha r k a n t i )

G i a n i Z a i l Singh

G i r i (VV)

Gopal

Goyal (DR)

Gi:^ta ( S i s i r )

Gyan chand

2 6 , 9 4 , 1 0 3 ,12 ' 137 ,148

260

199

15

20 2

48

10 4

117,

136

128

118 ,241

153

H

Haksar (PN) 27,50, 51

^numanta Rao (CH) 208

Harl J a i s i n g h 180

tferriman (Averell) 28

J

Jag r-tohan 129

J a in ( G i r i l a l ) 156|nl83

Jamnadas Dwarkadas 4

Jha (Baidyanath) 184

Jha (LK) 230

J o s h i ( I^r ideo) 245

Jo Shi (PC) 10 5,246

Jug Suraiya 236

K

Kakati (Sa t i s C) 157

Kamraj (K) 112,130

Kanoria (SS) 209

Karimakaran (KP) 139

Kashyap (Subhash C) 108

Khan (Rasheeduddin) 54

Khera (SS) 29

Khwaja Ahmed Abbas 95

Kidwai (Anser) 55

Kohl (MS) 172

Kotovsky (GG) 83

Krishna (KG) 210

Krishna Menon (VK) 84,140,141

154

L

l a l (N) . 142

M

Mahajan (JKrishna) 2 38

Ma l a t h i (M) 10 6

Malaviya (KD) lb, IQ

M a l h o t r a (UR) 17

I f e l l k (Amita) 224

M a r t y s h i n (OV) 85

Mathur ( G i r i s h ) 185,240

Meet iyagoda (ven) 2 50

Mehra (ttonmohan) 56

Mehrot ra ( L a l j i ) 5

Mehta ( J i u r a j N) 6

Menon (KP$) 5 7 , 9 0 , 1 5 8

Menon (MSN) 143

Menon (NC) 186

Moronov (^eonid) 91

Mishra (Bibh i i t i ) 58

Mishra ( G i r i s h ) 211

I4ishra ( K r i s h n a Kimar) 133

Mishra (Panchanan) 212

Mishra ( f e t i s h ) 86

iMistry (MK) 237

155

M i t t r a (Adi tya B) 150

Mohit sen 187

Moorthy K r i s h n a (K) 87

Moraes (Frank) 9 6 , 1 8 8

Motha ( C h r i s t i n e ) 159

Kuker jee (Hi ren) 59, 60

Mukerjee (P ranab Kumar) 160

Mukherjee ( P u r a b i ) 161 ,204

Mukherjee (Somen) 79

Mulkra j Anand 162

Muslehuddin (M) 113

N

Nanda (BR) 018

Narayanan (KR) 30, 6 1 , 114

Nath (AD) 213

HJN (Pseud) 2 31

NKP PPseud) 98

Nuru l ffesan (£0 107

P

Pande (aJ) 31

Pande (NK) 7 3

P a n i k k a r (KM) 19

Parma r (YS) 171

P a r t h a s a r t h i (G) 102

P a t i l (VT) 131

Pe r shad (A) 20

PKB (Pseud) 21

P r a k a s h Chandra 232

P u p u l J a y a k a r 253

156

R

Radhakrishnan (J) 32,165

gadhakrishnan (S) 22

Raghavan (C) 233

Raroasamy (P) 190

Rambler (Pseud) 239

Rana (AP) 144

Randhawa (M£0 191

Rao (TN) 88

Ravinder Kiunar

Ray (Aswini K) 92

xeddy (GK) 192,201,220,

234,254

Rifaquat A l i (S) 109

S

fediq (GM) 97

S&ha (Panchanan) 33

& h n i (JN) 7

Saiyidan (KG) 120

fejjad Zaheer 65

Saksena (Mohanlal) 8

fempurnand 9

&ngam Lai 121

Schafeer (Gordon) 244

Shahi (SP) 251

Shah (KK) 164

Shahnaz Anklesar ia 165

157

Shankarffao (C) 42

Sharada Prasad (KY) 38,66,152

Sharma (DR) 149

Sharraa (Shankar dayal) 132

S h a s t r i (Lai Bahadur) 67

S h a s t r i (M$> 101

Shardkov (GK) 214

Shivarao (B) 23

Singh (Govind Narain) 215

Singh (Harbans) 248

Singh (R) 80

Singh ( ^ n j a y ) 166

Sinha (Bejoy Kumar 154

Sinha (LP) 134

Sinha (Pernendu Karayan) 122

Sinha (RK) 221

Sinha (Sachdanand) 24

Sr i prakasa 25

Sr ivas tava (BN) 216

Sudhir Chandra 99

Surender Kunar HO

1 Tandon (PD) 34,35

Thankur (BN) 222

Tr ived i (KD) 72

158

u Ulyanovsky (Rost is lay) 1^8

Uma Vasudev ^^^

Upadyaya (SD) lO

Usha Bhagat 170

V

Vashisht (Sutohardra) 93

Venglala Rao (J) l^'^

Venkataraman (R) "^^

Verma (Kapil) 262

Verma (Kewal) 217

Viswam (S) 74

Vohra (HR) 235

W

l^ t son (Francis) 247

Wide Angle (Pseud) 100

Wilson (Harold) 69

wood (GL) 36

Y

Yadav (Chandraj i t ) 37,70

159

TITLE INDEX

Accent of sej.f r e l i a n c e 88

Affront t o Nehru legacy 117

Arms and Neighbours 226

As I knew him 4

Assess ing I n d i r a Gandhi 176

B

Basic approach of Jawahar la l Nehrui 128

Bir thday t r i t u t e 164

Bui lder of democracJ? 78

Bui lding New India 105

C

Cadre b u t M e r 132

Cameos 133

Chal lenge and chance 192

Chal lenging t a s k s 207

Championing t h e cause of conse rva t ion 2 36

Change of Guard 241

C h i l d r e n ' s Nehru 38

Close view of t r e a t n e s s 32

Commenwea1th•s debt t o Nehru 74

Conc i l a t ion s p i r i t v i t a l fo r cancun meet success 225

Crowding a programme 263

160

D

Dedicated l eader 159

Deep l e s s f e l t by UK peace workers 244

Dialogue cu t shor t 165

D i c t a t o r s h i p charge b e l i e d 171

Divis ion in a n t i - i m p e r i a l i s t f o r ce s 228

Do we need Nehru today 46

Dynastic r u l e in a democracy 157

E

Economic phi losophy of Indi ra 212

Economic Swarajya 20 5

Educating t h e m i l l i o n s 124

Ehd of an Epoch 238

Essence of t h e legacy 59

Evolution of Mrs Gandhi 158 P

Formative ideology of Jawahar la l Nehru 104

Pu l l of l i f e and human 9

G

Gaint among l e a d e r s 3

Glimpses and p e r c e p t i o n s 169

Glimpses of g r e a t n e s s 31

Great f i l t e r • 2

Great p o l i t i c i a n 24

Great s tatesman and pa r l i amen ta r i an 19

Grim p r o s p e c t s 49

Growth f i r s t , o r j u s t i c e 174

161

H

ifezards of pre-eminence: 183

He had t h e f e e l of t h e people 84

Her capac i t y fo r coa l e sc ing work and r e s t 170

Her commitment t o conse rva t ion 252

Her l i n k with t h e Himalayas 172

Hero of Hundred f i g h t s 21

Hindi backlash and Nehru ' s promise 100

His ab id ing monument 125

His views on men and m a t t e r s 34

How Ind i ra l en t meaning t o Nonalignment 240

How s h a l l we remember 246

I

I d e a l and r e a l i t y 52

If Nehru were a l i v e today 106

Images in r e f l e c t i o n 162

Ixnpact of I n d i r a Decade 245

I m p e r i a l i s t a s s a u l t on independent Ind ia 227

Importance of Prime M i n i s t e r ' s Pada-Yatra 261

In death I n d i r a l e f t India s t ronge r than when

^e came t o lead 187

In defence of Ind i ra Gandhi 196

i m p e r a t i v e s of s o c i a l i s t t r a n s i t i o n 123

Indian c r i s i s 181

I n d i a ' s Jawahar la l Nehru 82

India spain and Nehru 95

I n d i a ' s second r evo lu t i on 221 I n d i r a - a many splendoured p e r s o n a l i t y 166

Ind i ra and Bangladesh l i b e r a t i o n ^op

162

Indi ra a s f i lm buff 224

Ind i ra c a s t India in h e r independent motild 185

Indi ra Changed face of India 20 3

Ind i ra embodied t h e s p i t of India 209

Ind i r a f e a r l e s s s l y stood fo r democracy and

secular ism 198

I n d i r a Gandhi 247

I n d i r a Gandhi 155

I n d i r a Gandhi 182

I n d i r a Gandhi: A cousader a g a i n s t Pover ty , 206

I n d i r a Gandhis A l i f e ded ica ted 168

Ind i ra Gaiidhi and Indian economy 211

Ind i ra Gandhi and peace 243

Ind i ra Gandhi and t h e s i khs 248

I n d i r a Gandhi and t h e USA: A pe r sona l view 230

I n d i r a Gandhi and t h i r d world 233

I n d i r a Gandhi in Washington 257

Ind i ra Gandhi i s dead but he r s p r i t endures 213

Ind i ra GandBhi: S&viour of Democjracy 202

Ind i ra Gandhi ' s c o n t r i b u t i o n t o p lanning 208

I n d i r a Gandhi ' s legacy 173

I n d i r a Gandhi ' s legacy 229

I n d i r a Gandhi ' s p o l i t i c a l economy 217

Ind i ra Gandhi: The s p i r i t of Ind ia " 161

I n d i r a Gandhi, t h e s t r o m - r i d e r 215

Indi ra Gandhi-True symbol of Indian genius 222

163

I n d i r a ' s India 184,255

I n d i r a ' s love a f f a i r with India 156

Indira was k i l led jus t v^en India become a considerable

power 177

Indira years 175

I t won't take shape 231

Jawaharlal and Meerut conspiracy case 33

Jawaharlal Nehru 151, 27

Jawaharlal Nehru as ftiend and father 35

Jawaharlal Nehru and h i s socialism 129

Jawaharlal Nehru and Ind i a ' s quest for self i den t i t y 76

Jawaharlal Nehru and Parliament 108

Javiaharlal Nehru and world order 138

Jawaharlal Nehru: Bridge bui lder 90

Jawaharlal Nehru: 1964-74 66

Jawaharlal Nehru's contr ibution of theory of

In te rna t iona l r e l a t ions 142

Jawaharlal Nehru's legacy 83

Jawahalal Nehru:Source of h i s power 37

Jawaharlal Nehru's vision of science and

technology 114

Jawaharlal Nehru: The sense of occasion 140

Jawaharlal Nehru Ziandabad 53 L

Lady in Delhi 188

Leader of Men: ... 16

Leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru 85

Land reforms was a passion with her 178

Legacy of Jawaharlal Nehru 56 Living by the sword 242

164

M

I^gnanimous man 22

Maker of modem India 11

Man wi th s t rong c o n v i c t i o n s 12

mrx i sm and Nehru ' s concept of soc ia l i sm 134

Massive mandate fo r change 190

Mass support and new a u t h o r i t y 200

Miles to go and mi les t o go 116

M i l l i t a n t N a t i o n a l i s t 6

Mot i l a l Nehru: V e r s a t i l e l eade r 18

Moulder of pub l ic opinion 147

Movement fo r q u a l i t y f i lms 223

Mrs. Gandhi and wild l i f e 251

Mrs, Gandhi a sks U.N. members t o shun fo rce

in s e t t i n g d i s p u t e s 235

Mrs, Gandhi 's Glor ious decade of p rogress 195

Mrs, Gandhi impresses as i n t e l l i g e n t and

ded ica ted prime Min i s t e r 254

Mrs Gandhi more popular a f t e r t h e emergency 218

Mrs, Gandhi s e t s new s t y l e 232

Mrs. Gandhi trefcted n a t i o n , sangha with kindred

s p r i t 250

Mrs. Indira Gandhi and Gujarat 237

My Image of Nehru 28 My Impressions 5

N

^ehru: A man of Indestructible faith 69

Nehru and administration 72

Nehru and his ideals 62 Nehru and Indian political system i-i ' 43 ehru and integration 1 1A

165

Nehru and i n t e r n a t i o n a l i s m 141

% h r u and i n t e r n a t i o n a l p o l i t i c a l moderniza t ion;

a view from t h e s e v e n t i e s 144

Nehru and Kashmir 97

Nehru and ffarxism lOl

Nehru and Nat ional ism 10 3

Nehru and n a t i o n - b u i l d i n g 44

Nehru and Nonalignment 107

Nehru and seventeenth Amendment 99

Nehru and soc ia l i sm 126

^ehru and t h e P res s 146

Nehru and UK Labour ' s MacDonaddism 94

Nehru and t h e meaning of freedom 96

Nehru and t h e United f ron t 137

Nehru and t h e outh 154

Nehru and U. P. Congress 7 5

Nehru and world m r I I 139

Nehru: A t r u e a r t i s t 39

Nehru: a u t h o r i t y , in t imacy and voca t ion in t h e l i f e of a r e v o l u t i o n a r y 36

Nehru: a wonderful human being 30

Nehru behes t 153

Nehru held land reforms necessa ry fo r s o c i a l

s t a b i l i t y 98

ehru ism- the main rudder 135

Nehru ^ g a c y : What i t means. 130

Nehru: Man of peace 109

Nehru: ten of Science 113

Nehru on democracy, soc ia l i sm and peace 102

166

Nehru 's Approach t o atomic energy 7 3

Nehru ' s Decision-^feking 29

Nehru 's e a r l y soc ia l i sm and t h e Indian Na t iona l

movement 131

'•''ehru's F i r s t v i s i t t o Soviet Union 91

Nehru ' s legacy and hiiman Quancipation 71

Nehru ' s Paradox 26

Nehru ' s pe rcep t ion of n a t i o n a l Unity 121

Nehru 's p o s i t i v e neu t r a l i sm 93

Nehru ' s speeches 149

Nehru: s t e p by s t ep towards Social ism 127

Nehru 's s t r a t e g y fo r c o n s o l i d a t i n g freedom 122

Nehru t echn ique in diplomacy 57

Nehru: t h e democratic v i s i o n a r y 79

Nehru, t h e h i s t o r i a n 61

Nehru t h e w r i t e r 42

Nehru v a l u e s . N a t i o n ' s Touchstone 81

Need fo r p e r s p e c t i v e 115

New Dimensions t o fore ign p o l i c y 234

No Immediate Recognit ion of Bangladesh: P.M. 201 0 •Sr iginis of p i i j l i c s e c t o r 87 Outs tanding p e r s o n a l i t y 10 P

Pandi t Mb t i l a l - a g r e a t p a t r i o t 17

Pandi t Mot i l a l Nehru 15

Pandi t Nehru and t h e p r e s s 145 Path he showed us 112

Persuader , educator 152

167

Pioneer of freedom struggle

Planner ' s vis ion

PM*s padayatra t o spur pace of development

P. M, • s Thinking

Piet and his prince

Policy for the th i rd world

Po r t r a i t of a stateswoman

Posi t ive d i rec t ion to country during Qnergency

Prggmatism at the top

prime Minister Indira Gandhi

prime Minis te r ' s

Progress of 20 point programme

Prolegomena to a conceptual treatment of Nehru's view of democracy

Protected freedom

Reading ^ehru Again

Recalling f i f t i e s

Reflections on Nehru

Relevance of Jawaharlal Nehru today

Relevance of Nehru

Relevance of ^ehru Model

M

Remembering ehru

Remembering Nehru

Remembering Nehru today

Renaissance representative

Resilience of Nehru's prose

Role in freedom struggle

23

86

262

219

150

136

160

220

186

204

258

197

80

189

40

16 3

65

50

119

92

64

58

45

148

41

13

168

Role in the assembly 20

S

Scientific temper 111

Secularism: A heritage to defend 118

Sentinel of freedom and peace 110

She championed the cause of the poor 216

Significant visit 256

Socialism & secularism 249

Socialism shaped According to Indian need:

Mrs. Gandhi 260

Somany Memories 239

So many things we owe him 67

Some anecdotes. 8

Some impressions of Indira Gandhi 191

Some recollections 1

Some reminiscences 25

Spirit survives 167

Spiritual and reflective 253

Story of Swaraj Bhawan 14

Stray Thoughts for november 51

T

Teacher and campaigner 89

Temper of tolerance 77

Ten years 193

Tribute to a soviet adminer 214

Two incidents 7

Validity of Nehru (editorial) 68

values Nehru symbolised 7Q

169

V

Very d e l i c a t e 194

Vision of Jawahar la l Nehru 55

Vision of Jawaharlal Nehru

W

Week 2 59

We r eve re t h e memory of Nehru 47

What Indian banking owes t o Ind i ra Gandhi 210

Viiere India i s , Nehru i s a l s o 60

Whey Nehru remains r e l e v a n t 54

Whey we need Ind i ra Gandhi 180

Woman in a man's world 179

World v i s i o n of Jawahar la l 143

)7-I'hf l.isi )niiiiu'\ of Jawaharlal .\cl