Contribuciones de la TPV en Venezuela y … · Cassava / Vetiver grass hedgerow Yields per row...

Contribuciones de la TPV en Venezuela yLatinoamérica a la conservación de los recursos

naturales

VGT contributions to natural resources conservationin Venezuela and Latin America

Dr. Oscar S. Rodríguez P.Coordinador Red Latinoamericana del Vetiver

Profesor UCV-Facultad de Agronomía, Maracay, Venezuela

Latin America Vetiver Network LAVNVenezuelan Vetiver Network VEVN

•VGT is a proven technology for soil and water conservation

•Advantages:• Effective• Low cost• Survive extreme environmental conditions• Easy to apply• Not invasive• Adaptable to different land utilization systems

•Other uses: Bioengineering, phytoremediation, disaster mitigation, land reclamation and rehabilitation...

•Many utilization products and services

Introduction

•VGT generates sustainable solutions that qualify for environmental,economic and social demands, being particularly useful for

community development projects and poverty alleviation

• VGT has become a focus of interest in Latin America and many other regions of the world different from its place of origin

Introduction

VGT contributions to natural resourcesconservation in Venezuela and LatinAmerica will be discussed according to:

• Historical perspective within the globaland regional context of Vetiver relevantfacts

• Research progress

• Practical experiences

• Promotion and networking

• Final remarks

• Acknowledgements

Introduction

Relevant facts at world levelRelevant facts at Latin America region level

Fig. 1 Development phases of VGT in Latin America within a global context

Writtenevidences onvetiver usesince morethan 3000years ago

Erosioncontrol insugar cane

Fiji1950

VGTrecovered

andpromotedin India

1980-1990

Greenbookfirst

published1987

VetiverNewsletterfrom theVetiver

InformationNetwork islaunched

1989

R / Dprogram

initiated inThailand

1991

FirstInternationalworkshop on

vetiverMalaysia

1992

ICV-1Chiang RaiThailand

1996

ICV-2Phetchaburi

Thailand2000

ICV-3GuangzhouP.R. China

2003

ICV-4Caracas

Venezuela2006

TVN / USAother

national andregionalnetworks

1996

HRHMaha ChakriSirindhorn

Patron’s TVN2000

Erosion plotsevaluation

UCV-FAGRO

Venezuela1984

Vetiverintroductionto the newworld by

British andFrench during

XVIII andXIX centuries

Discontinuous temporal scale

R / Dprogram

CIATCali,

Colombia1991

LAVNSan José

Costa Rica1996

BoletínVetiver

1996

NOBSANTIEROSION

El Salvador1993

LAVNMaracay

Venezuela2000

RVEVOther national

networks2000

PRVNBangkokThailand

1997Vetiverimbulletin

FundaciónEmpresas Polar

Vetiverproject started

2002

Promotionproject VGTTVN-SCA

UCV-FAGRO1997-98

PRVNBangkokThailand

1998TechnicalBulletin

www.vetiver.org

LAVNNOBS

RUTA / WBBioengineering

workshopEl Salvador

1999

FirstNational

Symposiumon

VetiverVenezuela

2003

Incubation phase Initial development Maturation C

WASWCAward N.

Hudsonto John

Greenfield

Research on Vetiver in Venezuela and Latin America

•Natural and social conditions diversity require R/D programs toadapt, innovate and apply VGT based on its basic principles

•Research advances within the region have supported VGTapplications despite some limitations.

•When needed, external research information has been used

•Research initiatives must be supported appropriately

•Main progresses:

• Erosion control and agricultural impacts

• Agroforestry component

• Ecology, propagation, establishment, management

• Phytoremediation and land reclamation and rehabilitation

• Ecotypes collection

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Vetiver VB + MulchMulch 5 Mg/ha

Vetiver VBNo practices

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

Soil

loss

es M

g/ha

Equivalent slope length m

Combined vegetative barrier, residue level (5 Mg/ha) andequivalent slope length effects under simulated rainfall andvery wet soil moisture condition on soil losses.Rodríguez (1998)



With barrier Without barrier


CIAT-Colombia

CIAT EXPERIENCE-IMPACTS OFVEGETATIVE BARRIERS ON

CASSAVA YIELDS

Elephant grass Elephant grass

Vetiver grass Vetiver grass

Source: CIAT Cali, Colombia

Cassava / Vetiver grass hedgerow Yields per row (each row sixplants) in kg of fresh roots and leaves and stems

RootsLeaves and stems

Cassava / Vetiver grass hedgerow Yields per row (each row sixplants) in kg of fresh roots and leaves and stems


0102030405060708090

height (cm)

Site

Vetiver height after 150 days planted

Bajo SecoEl LaurelMaracay

Gomis y Rodrìguez, 2006


Vetiver plant (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash) fromtreatment T4 (0,6 de Oxochen ®, 0.5_mol AIA, 1_mol

BAP) some weeks after implanted(N. González y J. Páez de Cásares 2006)

Effect of different concentrations of ANAon rooting of vetiver tillers

H. Quecan y J. Páez de Cásares, 2006)


6. Nakhon sawan

9. Kamphaeng phet 23. Ratchaburi

7. Songkhla1. Prachuap

khiri khan

8. Sri lanka2. Roi et

5. Kamphaeng phet 1

10. Surat thani4. Loei

Zizanioides type

Ecotypes collection

Nemoralis type

Ecotypes collection introduction from Thailand to Venezuela


0

100

200

300

400

1 2 3 4 5

Tanques con Vetiver

DB

O (

mg

L-1) T1CV

T2CV

T3CV

T4CV0

100200300400500600

6 7 8 9 10

Tanques sin Vetiver

DB

O (m

gL-1

) T1SVT2SVT3SVT4SV

Phytoremediation experimentPepsi Cola Plant Villa de Cura edo. Aragua Venezuela

Scavo, M., O. Rodríguez, y O. Luque 2006

VGT needs to be safe and confident for users and some aspectsmust be studied more carefully and needs priority attention:

• Operational standards and confidence limits for specificapplications must be settled

• Pest attacks {Aeneolamia varia (Homoptera-Cercopidae)}have been observed in some places and others can occur,so, alternative IPM solutions should be find

• Economic and effective maintenance methods are needed toassure the benefits expected

• Ecotypes introduction must be carefully monitored, andevaluation for different purposes within different conditionsshould be conducted before massive application

• Social development projects associated with VGT basicprinciples and alternative uses of vetiver can besystematized in a multipurpose model


•Practical applications of vetiver grass in the region include almostall uses and utilizations of this extraordinary plant.

•Vetiver existence and application has been reported in nineteencountries of the region

•Bioengineering and environmental applications are the mostpopular uses because of the commercial and businessopportunities they offer in diverse situations:

( Oil and mine industry, communication network, service corridors,land restoration and rehabilitation, wastewater treatment, others)

•There is a need to expand in a massive way VGT for soil and waterconservation in rural areas to promote sustainable agriculture andstrengthen community development. PFVP is an example of thiskind of initiative. Soil degradation and water quality deterioration isa frequent problem around Latin American countries, specially inimpoverish rural areas.

Applications of Vetiver in Venezuela and Latin America


México

PanamáCosta Rica

Costa Rica


Protección de talud en el Club Magnum en Caracas, Autopista de Prados del EsteEl Salvador

Pto. Escondido, México Guatemala


Complejo Criogénico Jose –Venezuela

Falla de borde ARC Venezuela Falla de borde Vía, Charallave -Venezuela


VETIVER CVG BAUXILUM –LOS PIJIGUAOS- PROJECT VETIVER ANTiEROSION C.A

OSWALDO LUQUE M, RAFAEL LUQUE M.-JULIO 2005 (fotos R. Luque)


Handicrafts made by beneficiaries of Fundación Empresas Polar Project

Promotion and networking of Vetiver inVenezuela and Latin America

•Once VGT great potential was valorized diffusion campaigns wereinitiated to promote its use

• LAVN was settled in Costa Rica

• Conserving Soil and Water in el Carazo-Nicaragua

• Erosion control and soil restoration program, Oaxaca-Mexico(PCERS)

• Promoting VGT in Venezuela Project (TVN-SCA-UCV)(King of Thailand dissemination award ICV-2)

• First workshop on bioengineering (BM, NOBS Antierosión,RUTA and LAVN) Products: CD, Video and Proceedings

•LAVN moves to Maracay-Venezuela

•PFVP initiate activities inspired by green book, PRVN bulletinon vetiver handicrafts in Thailand and other materials providedtrough LAVN and VEVN

Promotion and networking of Vetiver inVenezuela and Latin America

Final remarks

The slogan of this conference (ICV-4): Vetiver and People.A green investment for sustainable development, is not casual…

• Social problems and poverty are frequently related toenvironmental quality

• Vetiver is an alternative affordable by anyone to mitigate orsolve environmental problems common to Latin Americaand other regions of the world

• Vetiver is a powerful tool to strengthen and mobilizecommunities who participate in projects that improve basicservices and incomes and at the same time protect theirenvironment (a win-win solution)

• Where conditions are met to use VGT, opportune and effectiveinformation or assistance from the network and other sourcesare crucial for appropriate and successful application of thetechnology, which means that environmental, social andeconomic benefits will be achieved.

Acknowledgements

• Special recognition to Thailand's role in the initiative promoted byMajesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej for the development of ICVs aswell as VGT in Thailand, shared graciously through the nets, andto the support given by HRH princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn toTVN

• To TVN, in particular to Richard Grimshaw, James Smyle and DaleRachmeler for granting Venezuela with TVN Country award, andsupport activities of the Latin American networks

• Investigation, application and diffusion of VGT has been possiblethanks to the great support of my colleagues and friends from

• Central University of Venezuela, School of Agronomy

• Sociedad Conservacionista Aragua

• Fundación Empresas Polar

Bienvenidos!

Welcome!

Contribuciones de la TPV en Venezuela y … · Cassava / Vetiver grass hedgerow Yields per row...

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