CONTRffiUTORS

Brian D. Adams - Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Given Building, Burlington, VT 05405, USA

Takeshi Akagi - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Shikata-cho 2-5-1, Okayama City, Okayama 700, Japan

Peter C. Amadio - Section of Surgery of the Hand and Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA

Andrew A. Amis - Biomechanics Section, Mechanical Engineering Department, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2BX, England

Kai-Nan An - Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA

Yves Andrianne - Service d'Orthopedie-Traumatologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Hopital Erasme, 808 route de Lennik, B-I070 Brussels, Belgium

G.A. Ateshian - Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA

Thierry Anthom - Service d'Orthopedie, Hopital Universitaire Saint-Pierre, 322 rue Haute, B-I000 Brussels, Belgium

Richard A. Berger - Section of Surgery of the Hand and Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Mayo Medical School, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA

Lawrence Berglund - Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Mayo Medical School, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA

Ranko Bilic - Orthopaedic Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 41000, Croatia

Elena V. Biryukova - Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 5-a Buterov Street, Moscow, Russia

511

Michael J. Botte - Hand and Microvascular Surgery Service, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, 8-894 UCSD Medical Center, 225 Dickinson Street, San Diego, CA 92101, USA

Dominique Bragard - Unite READ, Universite Catholique de Louvain, 53 avenue Mounier, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium

Franz Hurny - Service d'Orthopedie-Traumatologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, H6pital Erasme, 808 route de Lennik, B-I070 Brussels, Belgium

Federico Casolo - Politecnico di Milano, Instituto degli Azionamenti Meccanici, 32, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 20133 Milano, Italy

Edmund Y.S. Chao - Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Mayo CliniclMayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA

William P. Cooney III - Section of Surgery of the Hand and Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Mayo Medical School, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA

Steven N. Copp - Hand and Microvascular Surgery Service, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, 8-894 UCSD Medical Center, 225 Dickinson Street, San Diego, CA 92101, USA

P.E. Crago - Departments of Orthopaedics and of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA

Joseph J. Crisco III - Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA

Jose-Henri David - Laboratory for Functional Anatomy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, C.P. 619, B-I070 Brussels, Belgium

Philippe Delince - Service d'Orthopedie, H6pital Universitaire Saint-Pierre, 322 rue Haute, B-I000 Brussels, Belgium

Monique Donkerwolcke - Service d'Orthopedie-Traumatologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, H6pital Erasme, 808 route de Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium

Karin Elder - Office of Academic Computing, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA

Veronique Feipel - Laboratory for Functional Anatomy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, c.P. 619, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium

Sandro Fioretti - Dipartimento di Elettronica ed Automatica, Facolta' di Ingegneria, Universita' di Ancona, Via Breece Bianche, 1-60131 Ancona, Italy

Ulrich Frank - Department of Anatomy, University of Bonn, Nussallee 10, D-5300 Bonn 1, Germany

512

Sylvain Gagnon - Hand and Microvascular Surgery Service, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, 8-894 UCSD Medical Center, 225 Dickinson Street, San Diego, CA 92101, USA

Marc Garcia-Elias - Hospital General de Catalunya, 08190 Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain

Krystyna Gielo-Perczak - Institute of Mechanics and Design, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-524 Warsaw, Poland

David J. Giurintano - Paul W. Brand Biomechanics Laboratory, Gillis W. Long Hansen's Disease Center, 5445 Point Clair Road, Carville, LA 70721, USA

Paul G. Groszewski - Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St­Louis, MO 63110, USA

Lars Hagberg - Department of Hand Surgery, University of Lund, Malmo Allmiinna Sjukhus, S-21401 Malmo, Sweden

Dominique C.R. Hardy - Service d'Orthopedie, Hopital Universitaire Saint-Pierre, 322 Rue Haute, B-I000 Brussels, Belgium

Hiroyuki Hashizume - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Shikata-cho 2-5-1, Okayama City, Okayama 700, Japan

L. Hendrix - Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA

Maurice Hinsenkamp - Service d'Orthopedie-Traumatologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Hopital Erasme, 808 route de Lennik, B-I070 Brussels, Belgium

Kathy A. Holley - Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Given Building, Burlington, VT 05405, USA

Anne M. Hollister - Paul W. Brand Biomechanics Laboratory, Gillis W. Long Hansen's Disease Center, 5445 Point Clair Road, Carville, LA 70721, USA

Emiko Horii - Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daikominami, Higashiku, Nagoya 461, Japan

Rik Huiskes - Institute of Orthopaedics, Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101,6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Toshihiko Imaeda - Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Mayo Medical School, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA

Hajime Inoue - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Shikata-cho 2-5-1, Okayama City, Okayama 700, Japan

Hilaire A.C. Jacob - Biomechanics Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Klinic Balgrist, University of Zurich, 340 Forchstrasse, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland

513

Chritian L. Jantea - Department of Orthopaedics, Heinrich-Heine-University, 5 Moorenstrasse, D-4000 Dusseldorf I, Germany

Tohru Kadowaki - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery - Osaka Kosei-nenkin Hospital - 4-2-78 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553, Japan

Adalbert I. Kapandji - Orthopedie et Chirurgie de la Main, Clinique de I'Yvette, 43 route de Corbal, F-91160 Longjumeau, France

Lee D. Katz - Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA

John M.G. Kauer - Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Hideo Kawai - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hoshigaoka Koseinenkin Hospital, 4-8-1 Hoshigaoka, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573, Japan

P. Keir - Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3Gl, Canada

Rolf Kenn - Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, 11 Pettenkoferstrasse, 8000 Munchen 2, Germany

Hans P. Kern - Biomechanics Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Klinic Balgrist, University of Zurich, 340 Forchstrasse, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland

Paul Klein - Laboratory for Functional Anatomy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, C.P. 619, B-I070 Brussels, Belgium

Jan G.M. Kooloos - Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Michel Lafontaine - Service d'Orthopedie, H6pital Universitaire Saint-Pierre, 322 rue Haute, B-I000 Brussels, Belgium

Pascal Ledoux - Centre S.O.S. Main de Bruxelles, Clinique du Parc Leopold, 38 rue Froissart, B-I040 Brussels, Belgium

Marc Lemort - C.R.E.A.R.I.M., 1, rue Heger-Bordet, B-I000 Brussels, Belgium

Tommaso Leo - Dipartimento di Elettronica Ed Automatica, Facolta' di Ingegneria, Universita' di Ancona, Via Breece Bianche, 1-60131 Ancona, Italy

Gan-Tyan Lin - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China

Ronald L. Linscheid - Section of Surgery of the Hand and Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Mayo Medical School, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA

514

Vittorio Lorenzi - Politecnico di Milano, Instituto degli Azionamenti Meccanici, 32, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 20133 Milano, Italy

Stephane Louryan - C.R.EAR.I.M., I, rue Heger-Bordet, B-I000 Brussels, Belgium

Nicholas Lower - Anatomische Anstalt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Miinchen, 11 Pettenkoferstrasse, 8000 Miinchen 2, Germany

Paul R. Manske - Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University, St-Louis, MO 63110, USA

Joseph M. Mansour - Departments of Orthopaedics and of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA

Takashi Masatomi - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Medical School, 1-1-50 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553, Japan

Antonio Merolli - Clinica Ortopedica dell'Universita' Cattolica, largo Gemelli 8, Roma, 1-00168 Italy

Margaret A. Mitchell - Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St­Louis, MO 63110, USA

V.c. Mow - Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA

Magdalena Miiller-Gerbl - Anatomische Anstalt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Miinchen, 11 Pettenkoferstrasse, 8000 Miinchen 2, Germany

Masakazu Murai - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Medical School, 1-1-50 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553, Japan

Tsuyoshi Murase - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hoshigaoka Koseinenkin Hospital, 4-8-1 Hoshigaoka, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573, Japan

David L. Nelson - Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Room U471, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0728, USA

C.L. Nicodemus - Orthopaedic Surgery Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA

Vasilije Nikolic - Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 41000, Croatia

Minoru Nishino - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery - Osaka Kosei-nenkin Hospital -4-2-78 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553, Japan

Takashi Ogura - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Shikata-cho 2-5-1, Okayama City, Okayama 700, Japan

515

Keiro Ono - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Medical School, I­I-50 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553, Japan

Rita M. Patterson - Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, McCullough Building Room 6.136 (G-92), Galveston, TX 77550, USA

Stephen L. Pennick - Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St­Louis, MO 63110, USA

Do Peterson - Centre for Biomechanics, Chalmers University of Technology, Rorsalv Street, S-41296 Goteborg, Sweden

Leon Plaghki - Service de Medecine Physique et Unite READ, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, 10 avenue Rippocrate, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium

Reinhard Putz - Anatomische Anstalt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, 11 Pettenkoferstrasse, 8000 Miinchen 2, Germany

Jean Quintin - Service d'Orthopedie-Traumatologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Ropital Erasme, 808 route de Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium

D. Ranney - Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3Gl, Canada

Marcel Rooze - Laboratory for Functional Anatomy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, C.P. 619, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium

M.P. Rosenwasser - Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA

C. Rouvas - Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OR 44106, USA

Leonard K. Ruby - Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111-1854, USA

Philippe Saffar - Institut Fran~ais de la Main, Centre Chirurgical Franklin, 15 rue Benjamin Franklin, F-75116 Paris, France

Patrick Salvia - Laboratory for Functional Anatomy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, C.P. 619, B-I070 Brussels, Belgium

J. Sarangapani - Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OR 44106, USA

Hans H.C.M. Savelberg - Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Hans-Martin Schmidt - Department of Anatomy, University of Bonn, Nussallee 10, D-5300 Bonn 1, Germany

516

Frederic A. Schuind - Service d'Orthopedie-Traumatologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Hopital Erasme, 808 route de Lennik, B-I070 Brussels, Belgium

I. Semaan - Institut Franyais de la Main, Centre Chirurgical Franklin, 15 rue Benjamin Franklin, F-75116 Paris, France

Gontran R. Sennwald - Chirurgie St. Leonhard, Pestalozzistr. 2, CH-9000 St-Gallen, Switzerland

Ryoichi Shibuya - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hoshigaoka Koseinenkin Hospital, 4-8-1 Hoshigaoka, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573, Japan

Kozo Shimada - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery - Osaka Koseinenkin Hospital -4-2-78 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553, Japan

Douglas K. Smith - Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd, St-Louis, MO 63110, USA

Yukio Terada - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Medical School, 1-1-50 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553, Japan

Jean-Louis Thonnard - Service de Medecine Physique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, 10 avenue Hippocrate, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium

Paolo Tranquilli LeaH - Clinica Ortopedica dell'Universita' Cattolica, Largo Gemelli 8, Roma, 1-00168 Italy

Steven F. Viegas - Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, McCullough Building Room 6.136 (G-92), Galveston, TX 77550, USA

Marc A.T.M. Vorstenbosch - Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Hiroyoshi Watanabe - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Shikata-cho 2-5-1, Okayama City, Okayama 700, Japan

R. Wells - Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3Gl, Canada

Klaus Wilhelm - Department of Hand Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, 11 Pettenkoferstrasse, 8000 Munchen 2, Germany

Scott W. Wolfe - Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA

Tomio Yamamoto - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery - Osaka Kosei-nenkin Hospital - 4-2-78 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553, Japan

Vera Z. Yourovskaya - Biological Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

517

Vilijam Zdravkovic - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 41000, Croatia

Ephraim M. Zinberg - Hand and Microvascular Surgery Service, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, 8-894 UCSD Medical Center, 225 Dickinson Street, San Diego, CA 92101, USA

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INDEX

AAOS norms of wrist motion, 332 An, Kai-Nan, 1-3 Anchorage, external fixation pins, 397-399 Arthritis

degenerative, carpometacarpal joint, 25-30, 189-195

degenerative, radiocarpal joint, 137-151, 156, 163-164,465-466

degenerative, trapeziometacarpal joint, 25-30, 189-195

Arthrography, wrist, 13-14,412-413 Arthroplasty

distal radioulnar joint, 422-424 trapeziometacarpal joint, 25-30

Arthroscopy, wrist, 14,413 Articular degeneration, 9,13,17,21,163-164,247-

253, 356-360

Biomechanics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 2-3 Bone cement, 25, 30 Bone grafting, scaphoid nonunion, 475-485 Bowers' operation, 422 Bunnell's technique of tendon suture, 45 Burny, Franz, 5-6

Capitate-lunate arthrodesis, 143 Carpal collapse, 457 Carpal columns, 255-257, 269 Carpal functional models, 255-257, 269 Carpal instabilities, 9, 13-15, 142-145, 247-253,

277, 345, 356-360, 457-463, 475-485 Carpal kinematics, 247-253, 255-287, 289-303,

345-361, 465-473 Carpal ligaments, 9-16, 142-145,167-176,247-253,

271-280,289-303,457-463,475-485 Carpal limited fusions, 14, 173-175,251-252,332 Carpometacarpal joints

anatomic forms, 189-195 kinematics, 225-235

Cartilage degeneration, 17-23 Cementless total trapezio-metacarpal prosthesis, 25-

30

Centre interdisciplinaire de Biomecanique osseuse (CIBO),5-6

Chao, Edmund Y.S., 2-3 Check-rein ligaments, 85-92 Cine-computed tomography, 465-473 Collateral ligaments, interphalangeal joints, 69-84 Computer-assisted corrective osteotomy, 441-449 Computergraphics model of the wrist, 289-303 Computerized tomography

distal radio-ulnar joint, 413 osteo-absorptiometry, 159-165 wrist kinematics, 255-270, 465-473

Contracture, joint, 85, 88-92 Cooney, William P., 1-3 Corrective osteotomy, distal radius, 441-449, 475-

485

Daily living range of motion, 329-334 Danis, Robert, 4-5 Destot,271 Dexterity evaluation, 506-507 Distal radioulnar joint

arthrodesis, 422 arthroplasty, 422-424 instability, 148,401-426 joint surfaces, 403 kinematic dysfunction, 401-429, 441-449

Dynamic analysis of the hand, 107-122 Dynamometer, study of radius/ulna force

transmission, 167-176

Early controlled mobilization after flexor tendon repair, 487-497

Elastic fixation, fractures, 5 Elastic properties of muscles, 31-40 Electrogoniometric study of wrist motion, 313-328 Electromagnetic tracking system (3Space), 329-334,

345-361 Ergonomics, 123-135 Essex-Lopresti syndrome, 416 European Society of Biomechanics, 5-6 Evaluation of hand performance, 499-509

519

Extension, joint contacts with wrist extension, 139-142

Extensor carpi ulnaris, 403-406 Extensor tendons, diseases, 197-198 External fixation

history, 4 carpal instability, 475-485 wrist fractures, 397-400, 432

Finger mathematical model, 197-223 stability, 218

Finite element method, 154,237-244 Finite helical axis concept, 363-375 Flexion, joint contacts with wrist flexion, 139-142 Flexor tendons

adhesions, 383-391, 487-497 artificial tendons, 41-57 epitenon, 41-57 excursion, 59-67, 383-391, 487-497 forces, 2, 44-45 gap formation, 41-57, 487-497 healing, 41-57, 487-497 material properties, 42-44 pulleys, anatomy, 41 pulleys, material properties, 59-67 pulleys, reconstruction, 59-67 suturing techniques, 41-57 transfer, 225-235

Forearm muscles, 3 1-40 Fracture

fixation, 395-400 mechanism of interphalangeal fracture, 237-244

Freezing procedure, cadaveric specimens, 38 Fuji pressure sensitive film, 137-151, 153-157, 163 Functional neuromuscular simulation, 187

Galeazzi's fracture, 415-416 Grasp

joint contact pressures, 140, 153-157 wrist position during forceful grasp, 167-168

Growth plate, 17-23

Hansen's disease, 225-235

Implanted system theory, 395-400 Incongruency, joints, 123-135, 137-151, 189-195 Instantaneous helical axis concept, 199, 363-375 Intercalated bone segment concept, 271-280 Intermediate movement, finger kinematics, 377 -382 Interphalangeal joint

collateral ligaments, 69-84 fracture, 237-244 kinematics, 225-235 palmar plate, 85-92

Intraarticular atmospheric pressure, 399

Joint contact pressures, 137-151, 153-157, 159-165, 225-235

520

Kapandji, intrafocal pinning technique, 432 Kapandji-Sauve procedure, 422 Kessler's technique of tendon suture, 45-57 Key pinch, 25-27 KienMck's disease, 156, 162-164, 167

Lambotte, Albin, 3-4, 395 Ligamentotaxis,475-485 Limited carpal arthrodeses

332 Linscheid, Ronald, 3 Lunate osteomalacia, 162-164, 167 Lunotriquetral dissociation, 142-145, 247-253 Lunotriquetral interosseous ligament, 276-277

Madelung's deformity, 419-420 Magnetic resonance imaging

joint contacts, 168 triangular fibrocartilage, 413 -414 wrist, 13 -14

Malunion distal radius fractures, 147-148, 161-164,417,

441-449, 475-485 pediatric wrist fractures, 417

Maquet, Paul, 5 Mayo Clinic Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory,

2-3 Medial fibrous node of the wrist, 404-406 Median nerve paralysis, 225-235 Metacarpophalangeal joint

kinematics, 225-235, 363-375, 377-382 palmar plate, 85-92

Midcarpal joint contact pressures, 13 7 -151 Moore-Darrach's operation, 421-422 Motion

analysis of 3-D reconstructed CT images, 281-287

post flexor tendon repair, 487-497 tracking device (3space), 329-334, 345-361

Multicriterion optimization, 123-135 Muscle forces, 31-40,95-122, 177-188, 197-223,

225-235

NATO Science Committee, 2

Oblique plane, analysis of wrist movements, 305-311

Occupational cumulative trauma disorders, 123-135 Osteosynthesis, 3, 395 Overuse syndrome, 17

Palmar plate, 85-92 Paralysis

intrinsic muscles, 218-223 median nerve, 225-235 quadriplegia, 187 ulnar nerve, 225-235

Passive moments of finger joints, 177-188 Passive muscular forces, 31-40, 177-188 Pennig's external fixator, 475-485

Perilunate instability, 142-145 Perimysium, 40 Phylogenetics, wrist, 305-307 Pisiform

phylogenetics, 305-307 role, 268-269

Preconditioning, carpal ligaments, 457-459 Pressure

joint contact, 137-151, 153-157, 159-165 sensitive film, 137-151, 153-157 sensitive transducer, 154

Primates, 305-307 Principle of symmetry, 396-397 Pronation, 335-343, 401-409, 427-429 Pulley

anatomy, 41, 197-223 Fink and Snow technique for tendon transfer,

225-235 reconstruction, 59-67

Quadriga effect, 66

Radial deviation, joint contacts with wrist radial deviation, 139-142

Radial head fracture, 416-417 Radioscaphoid arthrodesis

332 Radioulnar ligaments, 335-343, 427 Radius, distalfractures, 147-148, 161-164,397-399,

417,427-429,431-439,441-449 Range of motion

hand, in-vivo measurements, 500 pronation-supination, 401-409

Rapid movement finger kinematics, 377-382 Redundancy, 111-114, 120 Rheumatoid arthritis, 419 Rigid body spring modeling

technique, 2, 153-157

Scaphocapitate arthrodesis, 143,251 Scaphocapitolunate arthrodesis, 332 Scaphoid

fractures, 145-146, 162-164,251,451-456 ligamentous injuries, 142-146, 345, 356-360,

451-463, 475-485 nonunion, 162-164,475-485 silastic implant, 146-147

Scapholunate advanced collapse, 9,13-15,465-473 Scapholunate arthrodesis, 143 Scapholunate dissociation, 9, 13-15, 142-145,251,

345, 356-360,465-473 Scapholunate interosseous ligament, 9-16, 274-276,

345, 356-360 Scapholunate reconstruction, 15 Scapholunocapitate arthrodesis, 143 Scaphotrapezialtrapezoidal

arthrodesis, 143,251-252 ligament complex, 345-361 osteoarthritis, 345-361

Screw displacement axis, 199,248,313-328,363-375

Sensibility, cutaneous, hand, 503-504 Severity factors, distal radius fractures, 431-439 Shoulder mathematical model, 95-106 Silastic

implants, 25, 146-147 synovitis, 147

Slow movement, finger kinematics, 377-382 Societe beige de Chirurgie OrthopMique et de

Traumatologie (SOBCOT), 4 Splints, hand surgery, 197 Stereocinephotogrammetry, 281-287 Stereophotogrammetry

close-range, quantification of joint articular surfaces, 189-195

finger kinematics, 363-375, 377-382 tendon excursion, 487-497 wrist kinematics, 289-303

Stereoradiography 247-253, 257, 289-303 Stewart, radiological assessment, wrist fractures,

431-439 Stiffness of joints, 85, 88-92 Strain gauge measurements

carpal bones, 153 external mini fixation, 400 history, 5

Strength of the hand, in-vivo measurements, 501-502 Styloid process of the ulna, avulsion, 148,427-429 Subchondral bone density, 159-165, 168 Supination, 335-343, 401-409, 427-429 Surface scanning electron microscopy, 86-91 Surface strains, triangular fibrocartilage, 335-343 Symmetry, 396-397

Tendon excursion, 177-188, 197-223,383-391,487-497 diseases, 197-198 moment arms, 197-223 transfers, 31, 197-223, 225-235

Thawing procedure, cadaveric specimens, 38 Thumb

force analysis, 225-235 opposition, 305-307, 309-311 phylogenetics, 305-307

Tip pinch, 44-45, 177-188 Transarticular distraction, 475-485 Trapeziometacarpal

anatomic forms, 189-195 arthrodesis, 25 arthroplasty, 25-30 kinematics, 225-235

Triangular fibrocartilage complex avulsion, 148,427-429 functions, 401-426 kinematics, 335-343 phylogenetics, 305-307

Ulnar deviation of wrist, joint contacts, 139-142 Ulnar head resection, 421-422

521

Ulnar nerve paralysis, 225-235 Ulnar styloid process, 431-439 Ulnar variance, 411-412 Upper extremity mathematical model, 95-106

Verbrugge, Jean, 4 Vesalius,3 Viscoelasticity, carpal ligaments, 457-459

Watson's operation, 422 scaphoid shift test, 457-463, 465-473

Wrist circumduction, 313-328 distal radius fractures, 161-164, 397-399, 417,

427-429,431-439 in-vivo kinematics, 3 \3-328 kinematic dysfunction, 427-429 range of motion, 3 \3-334 ulnar styloid, 431-439

522