ContraceptionContraception

andand Safer Sex Safer Sex

Grade 10 PDCP

Contraception Contraception DefinedDefined……

Prevention of conception Prevention of conception

or pregnancyor pregnancy

Methods of Birth Methods of Birth ControlControl

AbstinenceAbstinence WithdrawalWithdrawal CondomsCondoms DiaphragmDiaphragm SpermicidesSpermicides NorplantNorplant

Birth Control PillBirth Control Pill Birth Control Birth Control

Patch (Evra)Patch (Evra) Depo-ProveraDepo-Provera NuvaRingNuvaRing IUDsIUDs EmergencyEmergency

ContraceptionContraception

Abstinence/Postponing Abstinence/Postponing IntercourseIntercourse

Means not having vaginal or anal Means not having vaginal or anal intercourseintercourse

Only 100% effective method of birth Only 100% effective method of birth control control

Need to know your limits and Need to know your limits and communicate them to your partnercommunicate them to your partner

WithdrawalWithdrawal

It is often referred to as the Pull out It is often referred to as the Pull out Method of Birth ControlMethod of Birth Control

It is when the male removes his penis from It is when the male removes his penis from the female’s vagina before ejaculation the female’s vagina before ejaculation occurs.occurs.

Over the course of 1 year, about 27 out of Over the course of 1 year, about 27 out of 100 typical couples who rely on withdrawal 100 typical couples who rely on withdrawal to prevent pregnancy will have an to prevent pregnancy will have an accidental pregnancy. accidental pregnancy.

Ineffective because males will pre-ejaculate Ineffective because males will pre-ejaculate before full ejaculation occurs. before full ejaculation occurs.

CondomsCondoms

CondomsCondoms Prevents semen from entering the vaginaPrevents semen from entering the vagina Effectiveness ~ 88% without spermicideEffectiveness ~ 88% without spermicide

~ 97% with spermicide~ 97% with spermicide No prescription neededNo prescription needed Readily availableReadily available Easy to useEasy to use Protects from pregnancy and some STIsProtects from pregnancy and some STIs

CondomsCondoms If you buy the right size, it shouldn’t be If you buy the right size, it shouldn’t be

uncomfortable. uncomfortable. The real problem is about The real problem is about

embarrassmentembarrassment Would you rather be embarrassed Would you rather be embarrassed

because you have to put on a condom, because you have to put on a condom, or because you have a nasty rash, worts or because you have a nasty rash, worts or you don’t want to seem “uncool.”or you don’t want to seem “uncool.”

Having a baby or an STI will affect you Having a baby or an STI will affect you for the rest of your life. Think about for the rest of your life. Think about that before you engage in unprotected that before you engage in unprotected sex. sex.

DiaphramDiaphram

DiaphramDiaphram

A diaphragm is a shallow dome-shaped cap A diaphragm is a shallow dome-shaped cap of of latex with a flexible rim. with a flexible rim.

It is filled with spermicide and covers the It is filled with spermicide and covers the entry to the cervix. entry to the cervix.

It can be inserted hours before It can be inserted hours before intercourse.intercourse.

Neither partner can feel the diaphragm Neither partner can feel the diaphragm Must be fitted by a doctor or in a clinic Must be fitted by a doctor or in a clinic It must be left in 6 hours after intercourse.It must be left in 6 hours after intercourse. In one year, there is a 20% rate of failure.In one year, there is a 20% rate of failure.

SpermicidesSpermicides Chemicals that kill sperm. Chemicals that kill sperm. They come in many forms such as foams, They come in many forms such as foams,

jellies, gels and suppositories. jellies, gels and suppositories. Spermacides are messy and may cause Spermacides are messy and may cause

burning and irritation for both the male burning and irritation for both the male and female. and female.

Only effective for one hour, thus it must Only effective for one hour, thus it must be inserted right before intercourse. be inserted right before intercourse.

Spermacides have a 20-30% failure rate. Spermacides have a 20-30% failure rate. Can be purchased at any drug store. Can be purchased at any drug store.

SpermicidesSpermicides

Hormonal Hormonal ContraceptivesContraceptives

OvulationOvulation

Oral ContraceptivesOral Contraceptives

Better known as “the pill” Better known as “the pill” Contains estrogen and progesteroneContains estrogen and progesterone Prevents ovulationPrevents ovulation Thickens cervical mucus to block spermThickens cervical mucus to block sperm Over 99% effective if used properlyOver 99% effective if used properly Must be taken within the same 2 hour time Must be taken within the same 2 hour time

period every dayperiod every day Need a prescriptionNeed a prescription

Myths and Facts about Myths and Facts about the Pillthe Pill

MythMyth: The pill can cause Acne: The pill can cause Acne

FactFact: Some oral contraceptives even reduce : Some oral contraceptives even reduce acneacne

MythMyth: If you miss more than one pill you can : If you miss more than one pill you can just double or triple the pill when you just double or triple the pill when you remember.remember.

FactFact: If you miss one pill during a cycle, a : If you miss one pill during a cycle, a double dose must be taken the next day. If double dose must be taken the next day. If another pill is missed, the method is then another pill is missed, the method is then deemed ineffective and another birth deemed ineffective and another birth control method must be used (ex. control method must be used (ex. Condom). Condom).

Myth:Myth: Women who take the pill Women who take the pill should have periodic pill breaks.should have periodic pill breaks.

Fact:Fact: Once your system is used to the Once your system is used to the pill you should keep on taking it to pill you should keep on taking it to avoid irregular cycles as well as avoid irregular cycles as well as pregnancy. After 10 years of taking pregnancy. After 10 years of taking the pill, talk to your doctor about the pill, talk to your doctor about other methods.other methods.

Myth:Myth: The pill causes weight gain. The pill causes weight gain. FactFact: The estrogen may cause women : The estrogen may cause women

to feel bloated in the beginning, but to feel bloated in the beginning, but this side effect will stop over time. this side effect will stop over time.

Birth Control Patch Birth Control Patch (Evra)(Evra)

Hormonal patch worn Hormonal patch worn on skin on skin

Same action as oral Same action as oral contraceptivescontraceptives

99% effective if used 99% effective if used properlyproperly

Changed same day Changed same day every week for 3 every week for 3 consecutive weeksconsecutive weeks

Week 4 is patch freeWeek 4 is patch free

Depo-ProveraDepo-Provera An injection given every 12 weeksAn injection given every 12 weeks Contains progesterone onlyContains progesterone only Same action as birth control pillsSame action as birth control pills Over 99% effective if given every Over 99% effective if given every

10-13 weeks10-13 weeks Lighter periods or no periods at allLighter periods or no periods at all Not recommended for adolescentsNot recommended for adolescents

Depo-ProveraDepo-Provera

NuvaRingNuvaRing Contains 2 types of hormones: estrogen Contains 2 types of hormones: estrogen

and progestin, which work together to and progestin, which work together to prevent the ovaries from producing mature prevent the ovaries from producing mature eggs eggs

Inserted into the vagina and removed after Inserted into the vagina and removed after 3 weeks. 3 weeks.

Week 4 is ring-freeWeek 4 is ring-free Same hormones, action and effectiveness Same hormones, action and effectiveness

as birth control pills and patchas birth control pills and patch

NUVARINGNUVARING

IUDIUD Inserted into the vagina by a physician.Inserted into the vagina by a physician. Cost is $60-$100. Cost is $60-$100. Provides up to 5 years of pregnancy Provides up to 5 years of pregnancy

protection.protection. Good for those people looking for a Good for those people looking for a

long term method of birth control, but long term method of birth control, but not recommended for adolescents.not recommended for adolescents.

Only 1 out of 100 people will become Only 1 out of 100 people will become pregnant.pregnant.

May cause irregular vaginal bleeding in May cause irregular vaginal bleeding in some people. some people.

IUDIUD

Emergency Emergency ContraceptionContraception

Should not be used as a regular Should not be used as a regular method of birth controlmethod of birth control

Contains estrogen and Contains estrogen and progesteroneprogesterone

Prevents egg from being Prevents egg from being releasedreleased

Effective up to 3 days following Effective up to 3 days following unprotected intercourseunprotected intercourse

Side effects include vomiting Side effects include vomiting and diarrhea.and diarrhea.

Important Warning Important Warning for those who Smokefor those who Smoke

1.1. Smoking, while taking birth control Smoking, while taking birth control pills, can increase your risk of a pills, can increase your risk of a heart attack dramatically.heart attack dramatically.

2.2. There is an increased risks of There is an increased risks of blood clots. They can go anywhere blood clots. They can go anywhere in your body. When they go to your in your body. When they go to your brain they cause a stroke. brain they cause a stroke.

Where to go for helpWhere to go for help

School Health NurseSchool Health Nurse Sexual Health CenterSexual Health Center Family DoctorFamily Doctor After Hours ClinicAfter Hours Clinic Emergency Emergency

DepartmentDepartment