Context is everything: Strengthening the enabling environment to scale up and sustain improved access to rural sanitation.

Yolande Coombes, Senior Sanitation and Hygiene Specialist , WSP Africa

 

Achieving Scale

Ho do we continue once project funding ends?

How do we institutionalize our projects and programs?

How do we sustain impact?

How do we scale up?

Strengthen the enabling environment

Enabling Environment Dimensions

1. Policy, Strategy, and Direction;

2. Financing;

3. Institutional Arrangements;

4. Program Methodology;

5. Implementation Capacity;

6. Availability of Products and Tools;

7. Cost-Effective Implementation;

8. Monitoring;

Country Status OverviewPillar Building block Evidence

Enabling

PolicyNational policySector policyLead agency for sanitation

PlanningAid coordinationInvestment planAnnual review

BudgetAdequacyStructureComprehensive

Developing

ExpenditureDonor funds utilisedDomestic funds utilisedReported

EquityLocal participationBudget allocation criteriaAnalysis of equity

OutputSubsidyPromotionReporting

Sustaining

MarketsSupply-chainPrivate sector capacityPrivate sector development

UptakeQuantityQualityHand-washing

UseSub-sector progressConsistent definitionsQuality of facilities

e.g. Ghana Score Card Rural Sanitation

Policy Planning Budget Expenditure Equity Output Markets Up-take Use

2.5 1.5 0 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.5 1

Enabling Developing Sustaining

6

Baseline EE assessment: Tanzania 2007

Direction: Political supportLow priority allocated to sanitation and hygiene (competing

priorities)No national program for sanitation and hygiene

Policy & StrategyNo sanitation & hygiene policy (little policy alignment)No sanitation or hygiene strategyMkukuta-1: 80% rural sanitation coverage; 95% target for

2015Baseline: estimates 90% coverage; many latrines “do not

meet basic criteria”

Institutional arrangementsNo clear lead agency for sanitation and hygiene (4 Ministries

to be coordinated)District Water and Sanitation Teams established in most

areas?NGOs leading WASH activities in some districtsWSP newly established in Tanzania (since 2006)

Tanzania: Endline EE Assessment

1. Policy, Strategy & Direction

PolicyDraft policy: includes JMP definitions Some disconnects between policy instruments (Mkukuta-

WSDP-MoU)?Improving consensus and policy alignment among key

stakeholders

StrategyMkukuta-2 = first GoT/DP document to use JMP coverage

(23% rural) No strategic planning by centre orLimited strategic analysis possible due to lack of

disaggregated dataNational campaign to be planned in next 6 months

2. Institutional Arrangements

Coordination & CollaborationMoU: 4 key Ministries agreed roles and responsibilitiesMoH designated as lead agency for rural sanitation and

hygieneInformal steering committees and working groups

established

National CampaignGovernment + Development Partners to collaborate on

campaignDistrict Water and Sanitation Teams: variable interest and

performance Reliant on community volunteers and masons

Policy, Strategy and Direction

Institutional Arrangements

Program Methodology

Implementation Capacity

Availability of Products and Tools

Financing

Cost-effective Implementation

Monitoring and Evaluation

0

5

10

Tanzania Enabling Environment Assessment TSSM

2010 2009 2008 2007

Quantitative Measurement

How do you strengthen the enabling environment?

• Create a shared vision

– WSR Ethiopia

– Country Preparation meeting for AfricaSan 3

• Baseline Assessment – review the evidence

• Outline the steps to the vision

• Identify indicators of success

• Indentify the boundary partners

Action Planning

Recommendation Detailed Actions Results/Outcomes Actor(s)

Schedule: Shorterm 1-6

months; Midterm 7-12

months; Longterm 13-36

months

EE Dimension 4: Implementation CapacityStrengthen capacity building and training Develop a comprehensive and

integrated capacity building strategy

Plan agreed upon, developed and disseminated. Existing institutional arrangements and implementation capacity enhanced

GoE with input from WSP/UNICEF/WB/DFID/WaterAid/Ethiopia WASH Movement

and other stakeholdersMidterm

Train professionals at regional, Woreda and Kebele level to

effectively use communications materials

Increased capacity implementation follow up

GoE with input from WSP and other stakeholders Longterm

Develop BC strategy that includes SM and roll out

Long term BC supported and SM integrated into approach

WSP/GoE/ SNV/WaterAid/WB/DFID Midterm

Formulate proposals for integrating S&H skills

(particularly those required for SM) into TVET.

Proposal developed to broaden S&H training beyond current TOT method

WSP, GoE, UNICEF, WB/DFID and other stakeholders Shortterm

Scale up staffing levels at Woreda level

Increased implementation capacity

GoE with input from WSP and other stakeholders Mid-long-term

Summary

• Understand the context

• Take an evidence based approach

• Identify the strengths and weaknesses / drivers and bottlenecks

• Create a shared vision, prioritize actions

• Involve all stakeholders – the whole system

• Measure and monitor progress