PB

Contents Vol. 1 Part 1

ISO 1513:2010 Paints and varnishes – Examination and preparation of test examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

ISO 1514:2004 Paints and varnishes – Standard panels for testing . . . . . . 11ISO 1516:2002 Determination of flash/no flash – Closed cup

equilibrium method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35ISO 1518-1:2011 Paints and varnishes – Determination of scratch

resistance – Part 1: Constant-loading method . . . . . . . . . . . 51ISO 1518-2:2011 Paints and varnishes – Determination of scratch

resistance – Part 2: Variable-loading method . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63ISO 1519:2011 Paints and varnishes – Bend test (cylindrical mandrel) . . . 77ISO 1520:2006 Paints and varnishes – Cupping test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93ISO 1522:2006 Paints and varnishes – Pendulum damping test . . . . . . . . . . 107ISO 1523:2002 Determination of flash point – Closed cup

equilibrium method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123ISO 1524:2000 Paints and varnishes and printing inks

– Determination of fineness of grind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141ISO 2409:2007 Paints and varnishes – Cross-cut test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153ISO 2431:2011 Paints and varnishes – Determination of flow time

by use of flow cups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169ISO 2592:2000 Determination of flash and fire points – Cleveland

open cup method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191ISO 2719:2002 Determination of flash point – Pensky-Martens

closed cup method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211ISO 2808:2007 Paints and varnishes – Determination of film

thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239ISO 2810:2004 Paints and varnishes – Natural weathering of

coatings – Exposure and assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285ISO 2811-1:2011 Paints and varnishes – Determination of density

– Part 1: Pyknometer method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

ISO 2811-2:2011 Paints and varnishes – Determination of density – Part 2: Immersed body (plummet) method . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

ISO 2811-3:2011 Paints and varnishes – Determination of density – Part 3: Oscillation method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

ISO 2811-4:2011 Paints and varnishes – Determination of density – Part 4: Pressure cup method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

ISO 2812-1:2007 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to liquids – Part 1: Immersion in liquids other than water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

ISO 2812-2:2007 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to liquids – Part 2: Water immersion method . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

ISO 2812-3:2007 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to liquids – Part 3: Method using an absorbent medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

ISO 2812-4:2007 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to liquids – Part 4: Spotting methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

ISO 2812-5:2007 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to liquids – Part 5: Temperature-gradient oven method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

ISO 2813:1994 Paints and varnishes – Determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20°, 60° and 85° . . . . . 417

ISO 2813:1994 Paints and varnishes – Determination of specular /Cor 1:1997 gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20°, 60° and 85° . . . . . 429ISO 2814:1973 Paints and varnishes – Comparison of contrast

ratio (hiding power) of paints of the same type and colour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

ISO 2815:2003 Paints and varnishes – Buchholz indentation test . . . . . . . . 435ISO 2884-1:1999 Paints and varnishes – Determination of viscosity

using rotational viscometers – Part 1: Cone-and- plate viscometer operated at a high rate of shear . . . . . . . . 451

ISO 2884-2:2003 Paints and varnishes – Determination of viscosity using rotary viscometers – Part 2: Disc or ball viscometer operated at a specified speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

ISO 3231:1993 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to humid atmospheres containing sulfur dioxide . . . . . . . . . 473

ISO 3233:1998 Paints and varnishes – Determination of percentage volume of non-volatile matter by measuring the density of a dried coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

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ISO 3233:1998 Paints and varnishes – Determination of percentage/Cor 1:1999 volume of non-volatile matter by measuring the

density of a dried coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495ISO 3248:1998 Paints and varnishes – Determination of the

effect of heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497ISO 3270:1984 Paints and varnishes and their raw materials

– Temperatures and humidities for conditioningand testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505

ISO 3668:1998 Paints and varnishes – Visual comparison of the colour of paints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

ISO 3679:2004 Determination of flash point – Rapid equilibrium closed cup method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

ISO 3680:2004 Determination of flash/no flash – Rapid equilibrium closed cup method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

ISO 4618:2006 Paints and varnishes – Terms and definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573ISO 4623-1:2000 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance

to filiform corrosion – Part 1: Steel substrates . . . . . . . . . . . . 647ISO 4623-2:2003 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance

to filiform corrosion – Part 2: Aluminium substrates . . . . . . 661ISO 4623-2:2003 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance /Cor 1:2005 to filiform corrosion – Part 2: Aluminium substrates . . . . . . 675ISO 4624:2002 Paints and varnishes – Pull-off test for adhesion . . . . . . . . . 677ISO 4628-1:2003 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of degradation of

coatings – Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance – Part 1: General introduction and designation system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695

ISO 4628-2:2003 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of degradation of coatings – Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance – Part 2: Assessment of degree of blistering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703

ISO 4628-3:2003 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of degradation of coatings – Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance – Part 3: Assessment of degree of rusting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721

ISO 4628-4:2003 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of degradation of coatings – Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance – Part 4: Assessment of degree of cracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741

ISO 4628-5:2003 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of degradation of coatings – Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance – Part 5: Assessment of degree of flaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759

ISO 4628-6:2011 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of degradation of coatings – Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance – Part 6: Assessment of degree of chalking bytape method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769

ISO 4628-7:2003 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of degradation of coatings – Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance – Part 7: Assessment of degree of chalking by velvet method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779

ISO 4628-8:2005 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of degradation of coatings – Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance – Part 8: Assessment of degree of delamination andcorrosion around a scribe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787

ISO 4628-10:2003 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of degradation of coatings – Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance – Part 10: Assessment of degree of filiformcorrosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801

ISO 6270-1:1998 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to humidity – Part 1: Continuous condensation . . . . . . . . . . 813

ISO 6270-2:2005 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to humidity – Part 2: Procedure for exposing test specimens in condensation-water atmospheres . . . . . . . . . 823

ISO 6272-1:2011 Paints and varnishes – Rapid-deformation (impact resistance) tests – Part 1: Falling-weight test, large-area i ndenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837

ISO 6272-2:2011 Paints and varnishes – Rapid-deformation (impact resistance) tests – Part 2: Falling-weight test, small-area indenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849

ISO 6504-1:1983 Paints and varnishes – Determination of hiding power – Part 1: Kubelka-Munk method for white and light-coloured paints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859

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ISO 6504-3:2006 Paints and varnishes – Determination of hiding power – Part 3: Determination of contrast ratio of light-coloured paints at a fixed spreading rate . . . . . . . . . . . . 893

ISO 6860:2006 Paints and varnishes – Bend test (conical mandrel) . . . . . . 907ISO 7724-1:1984 Paints and varnishes – Colorimetry – Part 1:

Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921ISO 7724-2:1984 Paints and varnishes – Colorimetry – Part 2:

Colour measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931ISO 7724-3:1984 Paints and varnishes – Colorimetry – Part 3:

Calculation of colour differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941ISO 7783:2011 Paints and varnishes – Determination of water-

vapour transmission properties – Cup method . . . . . . . . . . . 949ISO 7784-1:1997 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance

to abrasion – Part 1: Rotating abrasive-paper- covered wheel method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975

ISO 7784-2:1997 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to abrasion – Part 2: Rotating abrasive rubber wheel method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989

ISO 7784-3:2000 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to abrasion – Part 3: Reciprocating test panel method . . . 1005

PB

Contents Vol. 1 Part 2

ISO 8130-1:1992 Coating powders – Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution by sieving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

ISO 8130-2:1992 Coating powders – Part 2: Determination of density by gas comparison pyknometer (referee method) . . . . . . . . 11

ISO 8130-3:1992 Coating powders – Part 3: Determination of density by liquid displacement pyknometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

ISO 8130-4:1992 Coating powders – Part 4: Calculation of lower explosion limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

ISO 8130-4:1992 Coating powders – Part 4: Calculation of lower/Cor 1:1993 explosion limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35ISO 8130-5:1992 Coating powders – Part 5: Determination of flow

properties of a powder/air mixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37ISO 8130-6:1992 Coating powders – Part 6: Determination of gel

time of thermosetting coating powders at a given temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

ISO 8130-6:1992 Coating powders – Part 6: Determination of gel /Amd 1:1998 time of thermosetting coating powders at a given

temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57ISO 8130-7:1992 Coating powders – Part 7: Determination of loss

of mass on stoving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61ISO 8130-8:1994 Coating powders – Part 8: Assessment of the

storage stability of thermosetting powders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69ISO 8130-9:1992 Coating powders – Part 9: Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81ISO 8130-10:1998 Coating powders – Part 10: Determination of

deposition efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91ISO 8130-11:1997 Coating powders – Part 11: Inclined-plane flow test . . . . . 101ISO 8130-12:1998 Coating powders – Part 12: Determination of

compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111ISO 8130-13:2001 Coating powders – Part 13: Particle size analysis

by laser diffraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

ISO 8130-14:2004 Coating powders – Part 14: Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131ISO 9038:2002 Test for sustained combustibility of liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141ISO 9117-1:2009 Paints and varnishes – Drying tests – Determination

of through-dry state and through-dry time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159ISO 9117-2:2010 Paints and varnishes – Drying tests – Part 2:

Pressure test for stackability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171ISO 9117-3:2010 Paints and varnishes – Drying tests – Part 3:

Surface-drying test using ballotini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181ISO 9117-4:2012 Paints and varnishes – Drying tests – Part 4:

Test using a mechanical recorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191ISO 9117-5:2012 Paints and varnishes – Drying tests – Part 5:

Modified Bandow-Wolff test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203ISO 9117-6:2012 Paints and varnishes – Drying tests – Part 6:

Print-free test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215ISO 9227:2012 Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres –

Salt spray tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225ISO 9514:2005 Paints and varnishes – Determination of the

pot life of multicomponent coating systems – Preparation and conditioning of samples andguidelines for testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

ISO 10890:2010 Paints and varnishes – Modelling of biocide release rate from antifouling paints by mass-balance calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

ISO 11341:2004 Paints and varnishes – Artificial weathering and exposure to artificial radiation – Exposure to filtered xenon-arc radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

ISO 11503:1995 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to humidity (intermittent condensation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

ISO 11507:2007 Paints and varnishes – Exposure of coatings to artificial weathering – Exposure to fluorescent UV lamps and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

ISO 11997-1:2005 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to cyclic corrosion conditions – Part 1: Wet (salt fog)/dry/humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

ISO 11997-2:2000 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to cyclic corrosion conditions – Part 2: Wet (salt fog)/dry/humidity/UV light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

ISO 11998:2006 Paints and varnishes – Determination of wet-scrub resistance and cleanability of coatings . . . . . . . . 363

1022

ISO 12137:2011 Paints and varnishes – Determination of mar resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

ISO 13076:2012 Paints and varnishes – Lighting and procedure for visual assessments of coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

ISO 13736:2008 Determination of flash point – Abel closed-cup method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

ISO 13803:2000 Paints and varnishes – Determination of reflection haze on paint films at 20° . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

ISO 14680-1:2000 Paints and varnishes – Determination of pigment content – Part 1: Centrifuge method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

ISO 14680-2:2000 Paints and varnishes – Determination of pigment content – Part 2: Ashing method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

ISO 14680-3:2000 Paints and varnishes – Determination of pigment content – Part 3: Filtration method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

ISO 15181-1:2007 Paints and varnishes – Determination of release rate of biocides from antifouling paints – Part 1: General method for extraction of biocides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

ISO 15181-2:2007 Paints and varnishes – Determination of release rate of biocides from antifouling paints – Part 2: Determination of copper-ion concentration in the extract and calculation of the release rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

ISO 15181-3:2007 Paints and varnishes – Determination of release rate of biocides from antifouling paints – Part 3: Calculation of the zinc ethylene-bis(dithiocarbamate) (zineb) release rate by determination of the concentration of ethylenethiourea in the extract . . . . . . . . . . 507

ISO 15181-4:2008 Paints and varnishes – Determination of release rate of biocides from antifouling paints – Part 4: Determination of pyridine-triphenylborane (PTPB) concentration in the extract and calculation of the release rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527

ISO 15181-5:2008 Paints and varnishes – Determination of release rate of biocides from antifouling paints – Part 5: Calculation of the tolylfluanid anddichlofluanid release rate by determination of the concentration of dimethyltolylsulfamide (DMST) and dimethylphenylsulfamide (DMSA) in the extract . . . . . . . . . . . 547

ISO 15181-6:2012 Paints and varnishes – Determination of release rate of biocides from antifouling paints – Part 6: Determination of tralopyril release rate by quantitation of its degradation product in the extract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

ISO 15184:1998 Paints and varnishes – Determination of film hardness by pencil test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593

ISO 15528:2000 Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes – Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

ISO 15710:2002 Paints and varnishes – Corrosion testing by alternate immersion in and removal from a buffered sodium chloride solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

ISO 15711:2003 Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to cathodic disbonding of coatings exposed to sea water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

ISO 15880:2000 Paints, varnishes and binders – Determination of MEQ value of water-based coating materials and binders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661

ISO 16053:2010 Paints and varnishes – Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood – Natural weathering test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671

ISO 16773-1:2007 Paints and varnishes – Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on high-impedance coated specimens – Part 1: Terms and definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697

ISO 16773-2:2007 Paints and varnishes – Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on high-impedance coated specimens – Part 2: Collection of data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709

ISO 16773-3:2009 Paints and varnishes – Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on high-impedance coated specimens – Processing and analysis of data from dummy cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731

ISO 16773-4:2009 Paints and varnishes – Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on high-impedance coated specimens – Part 4: Examples of spectra of polymer-coated specimens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745

ISO 16862:2003 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of sag resistance . . . . . 769ISO 17132:2007 Paints and varnishes – T-bend test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785ISO 17872:2007 Paints and varnishes – Guidelines for the

introduction of scribe marks through coatings on metallic panels for corrosion testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801

1024

ISO 20566:2005 Paints and varnishes – Determination of the scratch resistance of a coating system using a laboratory car-wash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819

ISO 20567-1:2005 Paints and varnishes – Determination of stone-chip resistance of coatings – Part 1: Multi-impact testing . . . . . 835

ISO 20567-2:2005 Paints and varnishes – Determination of stone-chip resistance of coatings – Part 2: Single-impact test with a guided impact body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853

ISO 21227-1:2003 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of defects on coated surfaces using optical imaging – Part 1: General guidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869

ISO 21227-2:2006 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of defects on coated surfaces using optical imaging – Part 2: Evaluation procedure for multi-impact stone-chipping test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887

ISO 21227-3:2007 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of defects on coated surfaces using optical imaging – Part 3: Evaluation of delamination and corrosionaround a scribe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903

ISO 21227-4:2008 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of defects on coated surfaces using optical imaging – Part 4: Evaluation of filiform corrosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919

ISO 23811:2009 Paints and varnishes – Determination of percentage volume of non-volatile matter by measuring the non-volatile matter content and the density of the coating material, and calculation of the theoretical spreading rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933

ISO 28199-1:2009 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of properties of coating systems related to the application process – Part 1: Relevant vocabulary and preparation oftest panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953

ISO 28199-1:2009 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of properties of/Cor 1:2009 coating systems related to the application process

– Part 1: Relevant vocabulary and preparation oftest panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979

ISO 28199-2:2009 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of properties of coating systems related to the application process – Part 2: Colour stability, process hiding power, re-dissolving, overspray absorption, wetting, surface texture and mottling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981

ISO 28199-3:2009 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of properties of coating systems related to the application process – Part 3: Visual assessment of sagging, formation ofbubbles, pinholing and hiding power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997

ISO/TR 29662:2009 Petroleum products and other liquids – Guidance for flash point testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013

1026

Contents Vol. 2

ISO 150:2006 Raw, refined and boiled linseed oil for paints and varnishes – Specifications and methods of test . . . . . . . . . . 1

ISO 276:2002 Binders for paints and varnishes – Linseed stand oil – Requirements and methods of test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

ISO 277:2002 Binders for paints and varnishes – Raw tung oil – Requirements and methods of test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

ISO 3251:2008 Paints, varnishes and plastics – Determination of non-volatile-matter content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

ISO 3681:1996 Binders for paints and varnishes – Determination of saponification value – Titrimetric method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

ISO 4618:2006 Paints and varnishes – Terms and definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53ISO 4619:1998 Driers for paints and varnishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127ISO 4625-1:2004 Binders for paints and varnishes – Determination of

softening point – Part 1: Ring-and-ball method . . . . . . . . . . 147ISO 4625-2:2004 Binders for paints and varnishes – Determination of

softening point – Part 2: Cup-and-ball method . . . . . . . . . . . 163ISO 4626:1980 Volatile organic liquids – Determination of boiling

range of organic solvents used as raw materials . . . . . . . . . 175ISO 4629:1996 Binders for paints and varnishes – Determination

of hydroxyl value – Titrimetric method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189ISO 4630-1:2004 Clear liquids – Estimation of colour by the Gardner

colour scale – Part 1: Visual method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197ISO 4630-2:2004 Clear liquids – Estimation of colour by the Gardner

colour scale – Part 2: Spectrophotometric method . . . . . . 209ISO 6271-1:2004 Clear liquids – Estimation of colour by the

platinum-cobalt scale – Part 1: Visual method . . . . . . . . . . . . 221ISO 6271-2:2004 Clear liquids – Estimation of colour by the

platinum-cobalt scale – Part 2: Spectrophotometric method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

ISO 6744-1:1999 Binders for paints and varnishes – Alkyd resins – Part 1: General methods of test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

ISO 6744-2:1999 Binders for paints and varnishes – Alkyd resins – Part 2: Determination of phthalic anhydride content . . . . . 253

ISO 6744-3:1999 Binders for paints and varnishes – Alkyd resins – Part 3: Determination of unsaponifiable mattercontent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

ISO 6744-4:1999 Binders for paints and varnishes – Alkyd resins – Part 4: Determination of fatty acid content. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

ISO 7142:2007 Binders for paints and varnishes – Epoxy resins – General methods of test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

ISO 7143:2007 Binders for paints and varnishes – Methods of test for characterizing water-based binders (corrected version) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

ISO 8623:1997 Tall-oil fatty acids for paints and varnishes – Specifications and test methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

ISO 10283:2007 Binders for paints and varnishes – Determination of monomeric diisocyanates in isocyanate resins . . . . . . . . 311

ISO 11668:1997 Binders for paints and varnishes – Chlorinated polymerization resins – General methods of test . . . . . . . . . 329

ISO 11890-1:2007 Paints and varnishes – Determination of volatile organic compound (VOC) content – Part 1: Difference method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

ISO 11890-2:2006 Paints and varnishes – Determination of volatile organic compound (VOC) content – Part 2: Gas-chromatographic method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

ISO 11908:1996 Binders for paints and varnishes – Amino resins – General methods of test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

ISO 11909:2007 Binders for paints and varnishes – Polyisocyanate resins – General methods of test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

ISO 13632:2012 Binders for paints and varnishes – Rosin – Sampling and sample preparation for colour measurement . . . . . . . . 393

ISO 13885-1:2008 Binders for paints and varnishes – Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) – Part 1: Tetrahydrofuran (THF) as eluent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

ISO 14446:1999 Binders for paints and varnishes – Determination of the viscosity of industrial cellulose nitrate solutions and classification of such solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

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ISO 15234:1999 Paints and varnishes – Testing of formaldehyde-emitting coatings and melamine foams – Determination of the steady-state concentration of formaldehyde in a small test chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

ISO 15715:2003 Binders for paints and varnishes – Determination of turbidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

ISO 15880:2000 Paints, varnishes and binders – Determination of MEQ value of water-based coating materials and binders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

ISO 16805:2003 Binders for paints and varnishes – Determination of glass transition temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

ISO 17895:2005 Paints and varnishes – Determination of the volatile organic compound content of low-VOC emulsion paints (in-can VOC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

ISO 19334:2010 Binders for paints and varnishes – Gum rosin – Gas-chromatographic analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507

Contents Vol. 3

ISO 4618:2006 Paints and varnishes – Terms and definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1ISO 8501-1:2007 Preparation of steel substrates before application of

paints and related products – Visual assessment of surface cleanliness – Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

ISO 8501-2:1994 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Visual assessment of surface cleanliness – Part 2: Preparation grades of previously coated steel substrates after localized removal of previous coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

ISO 8501-3:2006 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Visual assessment of surface cleanliness – Part 3: Preparation grades of welds, edges and other areas with surface imperfections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

ISO 8501-4:2006 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Visual assessment of surface cleanliness – Part 4: Initial surface conditions, preparation grades and flash rust grades in connection with high-pressure water jetting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

ISO 8502-2:2005 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness – Part 2: Laboratory determination of chloride on cleaned surfaces (corrected version) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

1030

ISO 8502-3:1992 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness – Part 3: Assessment of dust on steel surfaces prepared for painting (pressure-sensitive tape method) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

ISO 8502-4:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness – Part 4: Guidance on the estimation of the probability of condensation prior to paint application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

ISO 8502-5:1998 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness – Part 5: Measurement of chloride on steel surfaces prepared for painting (ion detection tube method) . . . . . . . . . 215

ISO 8502-6:2006 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness – Part 6: Extraction of soluble contaminants for analysis – The Bresle method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

ISO 8502-8:2001 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness – Part 8: Field method for the refractometric determination of moisture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

ISO 8502-9:1998 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness – Part 9: Field method for the conductometric determination of water-soluble salts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

ISO 8502-11:2006 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness – Part 11: Field method for the turbidimetric determination of water-soluble sulfate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

ISO 8502-12:2003 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness – Part 12: Field method for the titrimetric determination of water-soluble ferrous ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

ISO 8503-1:2012 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates – Part 1: Specifications and definitions for ISO surfaceprofile comparators for the assessment of abrasive blast-cleaned surfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

ISO 8503-2:2012 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates – Part 2: Method for the grading of surface profile ofabrasive blast-cleaned steel – Comparator procedure . . . . 303

ISO 8503-3:2012 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates – Part 3: Method for the calibration of ISO surface profile comparators and for the determination of surface profile – Focusing microscope procedure . . . . . . . . . 315

ISO 8503-4:2012 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates – Part 4: Method for the calibration of ISO surfaceprofile comparators and for the determination of surface – Stylus instrument procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

ISO 8503-5:2003 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates – Part 5: Replica tape method for the determinationof the surface profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

ISO 8504-1:2000 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Surface preparation methods – Part 1: General principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

ISO 8504-2:2000 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Surface preparation methods – Part 2: Abrasive blast-cleaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

ISO 8504-3:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Surface preparation methods – Part 3: Hand- and power-tool cleaning . . . . . . . 395

1032

ISO 11124-1:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 1: General introduction and classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

ISO 11124-2:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 2: Chilled-iron grit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

ISO 11124-3:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 3: High-carbon cast-steel shot and grit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

ISO 11124-4:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 4: Low-carbon cast-steel shot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

ISO 11125-1:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Test methods for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 1: Sampling . . . . . 447

ISO 11125-2:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Test methods for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

ISO 11125-3:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Test methods for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 3: Determination of hardness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

ISO 11125-4:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Test methods for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 4: Determination of apparent density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

ISO 11125-5:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Test methods for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 5: Determination of percentage defective particles and of microstructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

ISO 11125-6:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Test methods for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 6: Determination of foreign matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

ISO 11125-7:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Test methods for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 7: Determination of moisture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

ISO 11126-1:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 1: General introduction and classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

ISO 11126-1:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application/Cor 1:1997 of paints and related products – Specifications for

non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 1: General introduction and classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

ISO 11126-1:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application/Cor 2:1997 of paints and related products – Specifications for

non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 1: General introduction and classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

ISO 11126-3:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 3: Copper refinery slag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525

ISO 11126-4:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 4: Coal furnace slag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535

ISO 11126-5:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 5: Nickel refinery slag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545

ISO 11126-6:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 6: Iron furnace slag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553

ISO 11126-7:1995 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 7: Fused aluminium oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563

ISO 11126-7:1995 Preparation of steel substrates before application/Cor 1:1999 of paints and related products – Specifications for

non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 7: Fused aluminium oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

1034

ISO 11126-8:1993 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 8: Olivine sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573

ISO 11126-9:1999 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 9: Staurolite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583

ISO 11126-10:2000 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 10: Almandite garnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591

ISO 11127-1:2011 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Test methods for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 1: Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

ISO 11127-2:2011 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Test methods for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611

ISO 11127-3:2011 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Test methods for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 3: Determination of apparent density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621

ISO 11127-4:2011 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Test methods for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 4: Assessment of hardness by a glass slide test . . . . . . . . . . . . 631

ISO 11127-5:2011 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Test methods for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 5: Determination of moisture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

ISO 11127-6:2011 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Test methods for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 6: Determination of water-soluble contaminants by conductivity measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647

ISO 11127-7:2011 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Test methods for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives – Part 7: Determination of water-soluble chlorides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

ISO 12944-1:1998 Paints and varnishes – Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems – Part 1: General introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663

ISO 12944-2:1998 Paints and varnishes – Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems – Part 2: Classification of environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675

ISO 12944-3:1998 Paints and varnishes – Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems – Part 3: Design considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689

ISO 12944-4:1998 Paints and varnishes – Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems – Part 4: Types of surfaces and surface preparation . . . . . 707

ISO 12944-5:2007 Paints and varnishes – Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems – Part 5: Protective paint systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735

ISO 12944-6:1998 Paints and varnishes – Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems – Part 6: Laboratory performance test methods . . . . . . . . . . 771

ISO 12944-7:1998 Paints and varnishes – Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems – Part 7: Execution and supervision of paint work . . . . . . . . 787

ISO 12944-8:1998 Paints and varnishes – Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems – Part 8: Development of specifications for newwork and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801

ISO/TR 15235:2001 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Collected information on the effect of levels of water-soluble salt contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847

ISO 15741:2001 Paints and varnishes – Friction-reduction coatings for the interior of on- and offshore steel pipelines for non-corrosive gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879

ISO 16276-1:2007 Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems – Assessment of, and acceptance criteria for, the adhesion/cohesion (fracturestrength) of a coating – Part 1: Pull-off testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909

1036

ISO 16276-2:2007 Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems – Assessment of, and acceptance criteria for, the adhesion/cohesion (fracturestrength) of a coating – Part 2: Cross-cut testing and X-cut testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925

ISO 19840:2004 Paints and varnishes – Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems – Measurement of, and acceptance criteria for,the thickness of dry film on rough surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941

ISO 20340:2009 Paints and varnishes – Performance requirements for protective paint systems for offshore and related structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963

ISO 29601:2011 Paints and varnishes – Corrosion protection by protective paint systems – Assessment of porosity in a dry film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993