Contents · Contents Krah polyethylene pressure pipes Krah profiled pipes ... ding to DVS 2207-1. A...

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ContentsKrah polyethylene pressure pipes

Krah profiled pipes

PE pipes and fittings for internal drainage system

PVC pipes and fittings for external drainage system

PE HD 80 and PE HD 100 pipes for gas networks

PVC pipes and fittings for water-supply networksPE HD 80 and PE HD 100 pipes for water-supply networks and pressure drainage system.

Mechanical polyethylene joints for water pipes.

PVC drainage system.

PVC drain pipes.

PVC pipes for threaded wells.

Garden hose. Rubber transitions.

Polymeric pipes resistance to aggressive environments.

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Krah pipes are large polyolefin pipes up to an inter-nal diameter of 4000 mm and a maximum solid wall thickness of 200 mm.

The preferred jointing technology is the butt fusion technology, however for low pressure rates the inte-grated electro fusion technology is also acceptable. Nearly any internal and external diameter within the upper mentioned range can be produced, using the Krah spiral cross-winding extrusion process.

Thanks to the unique pipe production machine de-veloped by Krah, even the biggest pipe diameters can be produced on very little space (30 m x 30 m). Therefore a most efficient use of this production machine on site is possible.

LARGE POLYETHYLENE PIPES

Production process

Material

Pipe ends

Surfaces

Krah pipes are produced according to the Krah spi-ral cross-winding extrusion process. During the pro-duction process the pipe is produced seamless and all sub-processes are continuously controlled by the integrated CPV and control visualizing software.

The first layer is produced on a heated calibration mandrel, the next layers are produced cross-over accordingly on top of the previous layers. The pre-vious layers are heated by an IR-Heating system to provide a surface temperature between 170°C and 200°C.

With the help of the co-extruder the inner surface can be produced with an inspection friendly, colo-ured polyolefin material. The orientation of the mo-

lecules is in radial direction, which has a positive effect on the internal pressure. Another important quality advantage is, that due to the slow cooling down process no frozen stresses will occur in the pipe wall.

The base material, high density polyethylene (PE80, with a minimum MRS of 8.0 N/mm2 or PE100, with a minimum MRS of 10.0 N/mm2), is normally sta-bilized by the addition of carbon black. On special request and for special applications other polyolefin can be used, like for example polypropylene gra-des.

The pipe ends are cut in-line, in 90° angle to the pipe axis. Should electro fusion joints or bends be produced, the pipe ends are produced accordingly with socket and spigot.

The internal and external pipe surface is smooth. Slight corrugation (especially on the outer surface), which necessarily involves variations in the wall thickness, is acceptable providing that the thickness of the pipe wall is at no point less than its given no-minal value.

The inner surface can be produced of electro con-ductive or inspection friendly coloured material.inspekcję rurociągów.

Krah pipes for pressure application

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DN/ID

DN/OD

Dimensions

Nominal diameters

All dimensions are related to the reference tempe-rature of +23/-2°C

The nominal diameter (DN) is related to the inter-nal diameter (ID) regardless of the pressure rate. The hydraulic radius is the same for each nominal diameter.

Overview of the production process

Production of the «next» layer

Standard nominal diameter, other dimensions on request.

Krah pipe

Sketch of a pipe

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DN/ID

DN/OD

L

s

DN/ID

300 mm 310 - 460 mm

400 mm 410 – 560 mm

500 mm 510 – 660 mm

600 mm 610 – 760 mm

800 mm 810 – 960 mm

1000 mm 1010 – 1160 mm

1200 mm 1210 – 1360 mm

1400 mm 1410 – 1560 mm

1600 mm 1610 – 1760 mm

1800 mm 1810 – 1960 mm

2000 mm 2010 – 2160 mm

2200 mm 2210 – 2360 mm

2400 mm 2410 – 2560 mm

3000 mm 3010 – 3160 mm

3200 mm 3210 – 3360 mm

3400 mm 3410 – 3560 mm

3600 mm 3610 – 3760 mm

3800 mm 3810 – 3960 mm

4000 mm 4010 – 4160 mm

DN/ID ≤ 700 mm + 3.0 mm

800 mm < DN/ID ≤ 1000 mm + 5.0 mm

DN/ID > 1000 + 6.0 mm

DN/ID > 1600 + 8.0 mm

DN / OD

sSDR =

DN/OD - DN/ID

2s = [mm]

DN / ID + 2s

sSDR =

DN/OD range

Polietylenowe rury ciśnieniowe Krah

Standard nominal diameter

Higher wall thicknesses (s > 80 mm) can be realized in several production steps.

Tolerances for diameters:

Other dimensions on request.

Wall thicknessThe wall thickness (s) is half of the difference betwe-en the internal diameter and the external diameter.

The pipes shall be free of blisters, shrink holes and inhomogeneities which might impair their perfor-mance in service.

Pipe lengthThe standard pipe length is 6 m (+/- 10 mm). If requ-ired, shorter pipe lengths are possible. The shortest length is 1 m.

L– length (mm)s – solid wall thickness (mm)DN/ID – internal diameter (mm)DN/OD – outside diameter (mm)

Standard Dimension Ratio (SDR)

The Standard Dimension Ratio is the difference be-tween the external diameter DN/OD and the wall thickness (s).

For DN/OD pipes:

For DN/OD pipes:

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Inspection friendly inside surface

Butt fusion of a Krah pipe

Electro fusion socketRóżne tłoczone powierzchnie

wewnętrzne rur w kolorze żółtym, niebieskim oraz przewodzące prąd elektryczny.

Pipe marking

Generally the pipes have to be marked according to DIN 8074 No. 8. The minimum marking should indicate:

• Manufacturer Code, e.g. KRAH• If available, third-party control marks• Material Code, e.g. PE100• DIN-Number, e.g. DIN16961• External diameter, e.g. DN/OD 1200 or in ternal diameter, e.g. DN/ID 1200• Wall thickness, e.g. 30 mm• Melt Flow Rate, e.g. MFR005• Standard Dimension Ratio, e.g. SDR11• Date of Manufacturing, e.g. 20130802• Machine No., e.g. no. 1/KR600

The marking should be clear and should be placed outside of the pipe in radial direction, at least once per 1 m pipe length.

Low pressure and high stiffness

In some applications wall thickness for low pressure is not stiff enough to be buried. Usually pipes with thicker solid wall have to be applied. Krah technolo-gy proposes another solution – a PR profile can be added to the pipe wall. This keeps the low pressure pipe properties and adds more stiffness that makes it possible to install the low pressure pipe undergro-und.

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p (ds - Smin)

2Smin

p (di + Smin)

2Smin

p (di + 2Smin - Smin)

2Smin

=σh = =

p (ds - Smin)

2Smin

σh =

LARGE POLYETHYLENE PIPES

Acc. to DIN 8074, the following hoop stress formula is used:

with:smin – minimum wall thickness (mm)ds – minimum outside diameter (mm)σh – hoop stress (MPA)p – pressure (MPA)

The hoop stress is related to the MRS value of the used material. The safety factor c is usually 1,25 for water applications. In DIN 16961 (Thermoplastics pipes and fittings with profiled outer and smooth in-ner surface) the same basic formula can be used and rewritten as:

ith:ds = di + 2 smin (mm)di – internal diameter (mm)smin – minimum solid wall thickness (waterway) (mm)

According to the Krah production technology pipes can be produced with a structured / profiled wall (type PR).

The Smin in above mentioned formula is for type PR the minimum thickness (s1) smooth / solid inner sur-face (waterway wall thickness, between the profiles

Jointing

For the jointing of the pipes the butt-fusion technolo-gy according to DVS 2207 is recommended.

However for low pressure applications the integra-ted electro fusion joint can be used. Also the flange connection, where the stub ends are integrated in the pipes, is applicable.

Quality control

The quality control requirements and tests are accor-ding to DIN 8075, or other international standards. Individual requirements specified in this standard may be omitted or supplemented in technical deli-very conditions relating to particular applications.

Fittings

All kinds of fittings can be manufactured out of pipe segments. The preferred jointing procedure is butt welding.

Sketch of a PR profile

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DN / ID[мм] [В] [сек.]

300 15 780 1

400 18 840 1

500 20 900 1

600 24 1020 1

700 25 1080 1

800 33 1020 1

900 39 720 1

1000 40 1080 1

1100 41 1200 1

1200 43 1260 1

1300 46 1320 1

1400 28 1020 2

1500 32 1020 2

1600 33 1080 2

1700 34 1200 2

1800 40 900 2

1900 38 1100 2

2000 39 1200 2

Voltage Time Number of welding devices

A complete pipe system is always just as secure as its weakest component. The weakest component is the joint. Therefore it is important to choose the most suitable and permanent one. The welding of small diameter plastic pipes and fittings with the help of electro fusion has been a common method in the market for years.

Above all because this jointing technique is very favourable, simple and secure, which has caused Krah to develop this technique for big pipes accor-ding to DVS 2207-1.

A fusion wire is included into the socket of the pipe. After putting the socket and spigot of the two pipes, that shall be connected, together, the wire is heated with the help of a special fusion device whereby the two pipe ends (the socket and the spigot) are we-lded together.

This jointing technique allows pipes to be installed in such a short period of time never achieved be-fore. With only one welding device it is possible to install a pipeline of 72 m with a diameter of 1200 mm in between 8 hours. The installation speed is now depending on the trench works.

INTEGRATED ELECTRO FUSION

Average welding parameters for larger diameters on request.

Welding procedure

Generally the electro fusion socket and the spigot are already prepared for the welding and the we-lding wire is included into the socket before delivery. After the basic justification of the pipes, the plastic foil, which serves as protection, is removed. Now the welding area is cleaned. The connection of the welding wire should be at the top of the pipes as this facilitates the later connecting. The spigot can now be shifted into the socket. The pipe is justified, the inside support ring necessary for pipes which are larger than 800 mm, is put into the right position and the outer tensile band is tightened. Now the wire ends can be connected to the welding device. The pipe contains a barcode, which includes all neces-sary information for the welding. With the help of a barcode reader this information is processed and the welding can be started.

After having finished the welding, a certain cooling time, which depends on several factors, has to be respected. The result is a permanently and longitu-dinally strong superior joint of two pipes. The con-nection is homogenous and all jointed components build an inseparable unit. The waterway is protected against entering or leaking out and root penetration is prevented.

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Electro fusion socket including welding device and barcode

Electro fusion welding procedure

Electro fusion weld of a pipe connection

Welding of a large diameter pipe in a narrow trench

Software

The welding device has the capacity to record any individual welding. These welding records are sa-ved in the device and can be read out by the com-puter. The software which is needed for this is cal-led «Krahcode». With this software two things can be done: On one hand the data of the welding devi-ce can be read and administrated and on the other hand the barcodes for the welding of the pipes can be made.

Traceability

Information uploaded onto the electro fusion device can be used to trace back specific product batches. The barcode is added to the fittings as well as to the pipes and contains information about pipe history, product type, pipeline components etc. Via barcode reader and the special software Krahcode all data are decoded and attached to the welding report.

Integration

ŁThe Krah electro fusion system is not based on couplings, but the electro fusion joint is an integra-ted part in the pipe and also in all fittings and man-holes.

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Large solid wall pipe

Complicated bend

Outfall pipeline

Heavy wall pipes

Relevant standards

DIN 323: Preferred numbers and series of

preferred numbers; basic values,

calculated values, rounded values

DIN 8074: Polyethylene (PE) pipes PE63,

PE80, PE100, PE-HD

DIN 8075: (at present at the stage of draft).

High-density polyethylene (HDPE)

pipes; dimensions

DIN 50011: Testing of materials, components

and equipment; ovens; concepts,

requirements

DIN 16776: Plastic moulding materials; poly

ethylene (PE) moulding materials;

classification and designation

DIN 50049: Materials testing certificates

DIN 53759: Testing of plastic articles; long-

term internal pressure testing of

hollow bodies

ISO 161: Thermoplastics pipe for the trans

port of fluids – Nominal outside dia

meters and nominal pressures

ISO 4065: Thermoplastics pipes – Universal

all thickness table

DIN 16961: Thermoplastics pipes and fittings

with profiled outer and smooth in

ner surfaces

EN 13476: Plastics piping systems for non-

pressure underground drainage

and sewerage – Structured-wall pi

ping systems of unplasticized

poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-U), po

lypropylene (PP) and polyethylene

(PE)

SR04B023: Krah pipes in relation to internal

pressure

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KRAH PROFILED PIPESWater is of vital importance. Without water no life would exist and our planet would be a huge de-sert. Plants, animals and humans are composed of 50–80% water, from polluted water or water scarcity however, they suffer, fall ill or even die. Therefore, our common future is endangered when water is not available in sufficient amount and quality.

Water is a heritage of nature and it belongs to all living beings. The right of access to sufficient and clean water is a universal law and it is therefore anchored in important international treaties. The uneven distribution of rain and water on Earth leads to water scarcity in many regions. Already today 1 billion people (20% of the world population) have no secure access to clean drinking water and 2 billion people do not dispose of access to sanitary instal-lations. Thousands of children die every year due to polluted water. Moreover global climate change will intensify the water crisis.

All these facts force the world population to react in order to rescue our home planet.

To improve this situation and find solutions a lot of governmental bodies, engineering and construction companies as well as pipe manufacturers have fo-cused in this world threatening issue.

However, for years tremendous difficulties were ob-served when selecting the material of construction for infrastructure systems which should be suitable to provide anticipated permanent solutions.

Over the last decades the inherent weaknesses of concrete, clay, ductile, PVC and steel caused tre-mendous problems in existing sewer pipe systems, as they tend to be brittle or are too sensitive to ag-gressive chemicals and soil conditions. Failures had become a common occurrence worldwide in sewer and other large-diameter-pipe applications. In addi-tion they have an unprofitable relation between cost and benefit.

So Krah derived benefit from the fact that the pro-cessing of polyolefin is very easy and the plastic materials provide superior properties against adver-se effects of the ambient and the chemicals.

In addition to the permanent solution that lasts through generations, Krah piping system is able to provide everlasting and economic solutions in wide-ranging fields of applications as for example drain, storm drain and sewer systems as well as sea out-fall, manholes and reservoirs.

In order to meet the requirements of the infrastruc-ture systems, Krah has developed the most robust and advantageous large bore pipe systems of which all features are described in detail in this brochure.

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Sewer pipeline

Outfall pipeline

Silos for raw materials

Sewer pipeline with bend and manhole jointed by electro fusion

Production technology at the highest level

KKrah AG is a German machine manufacturer with over 35 years of experience in the design, develop-ment and construction of production plants for large diameter pipes. The machine is equipped with all necessary components to produce pipes and fittings with all different kinds of sizes and stiffness as well as the profiles mentioned on the following pages. Even the complete range of diameters can be pro-duced on one machine by using the production tools in the required diameters.

Basically Krah pipes are produced in an extrusion process, where a profile is wounded around a col-lapsible steel mandrel. The profile can be solid wall or structured wall.

Beside the extensive pipe range that can be pro-duced, the main features of the machine are a high production output, the simple operation and short change-over times.

Thanks to very close cooperation and a steady infor-mation flow with our customers world-wide, we are always up-to-date regarding upcoming demands and changes on the pipe market. This gives us the possibility to develop necessary modifications to our machines in order to respond to the needs of our customers.

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PE 80 PE 100 PP-R

DIN 53479ISO 1183

г/см³ 0.95 0.96 0.91

MFR 190/5MFR 190/21.6MFR 230/5

Код TКод VКод V

ISO 1133 г/10 мин ок. 0.43ок. 10-

0.456,6-

0.50-1.25-1.5

ISO 178 Н/мм² 1.000170

1200170

750160

DIN 53495 Н/мм² 23 25 26

DIN 53495 Н/мм² 32 38 15

DIN 53495 % > 600 > 600 > 50

ISO 2039 Н/мм² 42 46 45

DIN 53752 1/°C 1.8 x 10-4

1.8 x 10-4

1.6 x 10-4

- -

DN/ID

300 mm 310 - 460 mm

400 mm 410 – 560 mm

500 mm 510 – 660 mm

600 mm 610 – 760 mm

800 mm 810 – 960 mm

1000 mm 1010 – 1160 mm

1200 mm 1210 – 1360 mm

1400 mm 1410 – 1560 mm

1600 mm 1610 – 1760 mm

1800 mm 1810 – 1960 mm

2000 mm 2010 – 2160 mm

2200 mm 2210 – 2360 mm

2400 mm 2410 – 2560 mm

3000 mm 3010 – 3160 mm

3200 mm 3210 – 3360 mm

3400 mm 3410 – 3560 mm

3600 mm 3610 – 3760 mm

3800 mm 3810 – 3960 mm

4000 mm 4010 – 4160 mm

DN / OD range

Polyethylene (PE80 and PE100) and polypropylene are thermoplastics with excellent properties for the application of water and sewer, as well as for the fabrication of containers for liquids and solid mate-rials. The environmental friendly polyethylene and polypropylene are resistant to many chemicals and very suitable for conveying and storing various li-quids.

Krah pipes can be produced of the following ther-moplastic materials:- high density polyethylene (PE80 and PE100),- polypropylene-random (PP-R),- polypropylene-homo (PP-H),- polypropylene-non-flammable (PP-S).

These materials feature below mentioned proper-ties. Other materials can be used after prior accep-tance of the producer and a third party for quality control. However, the processed material should have the below listed specification.

Since the latest developments, high stiff polypropy-lene can be used, if you are interested ask for fur-ther information and data sheets.

Property Standard Unit

Density

Melt Index

Tensile modulusShort-termLong-term (50 years)

Yields stress

Tensile strength

Elongation at break

Ball indentation hardness

Coefficient of linear thermal expansion

Colour blackyellow

blackyellow grey

KRAH PROFILED PIPESMaterial

Pipe diameter

Typical material specification

Production rangeInstalplast-KHV

Krah pipes can be produced stepless at intervals of 100 mm with internal diameters (ID) from DN 300 mm to DN 4000 mm.The nominal diameters (DN) matches with the in-ternal diameter (ID) of the pipe, because in case of any change in the design of the pipe, the wall thick-ness can be increased or reduced while the internal diameter remains the same. This ensures that the designated hydraulic capacity for the installation is maintained.

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The standard laying length (L) of the Krah pipes is six meters, because in this way they are easy to handle, store and transport.

In addition it is possible to produce continuously any length between one and six meters. The longer a pipe is the fewer joints are necessary and this is advantageous for the installation of the pipe. Mo-reover it is possible to deliver the pipes already jo-inted, whereby the installation time on site can be reduced significantly. Lengths up to 18 m consisting of 3 pipe sections are common.

Installation of two pre-joined pipes

Bending of Krah pipes

Storage of different kind of pipes

Special bend

Pipe length

DN/ID – internal diameter (mm)L – laying length (mm)

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DN/ID [мм] s1,

PE [мм] s1,

PP [мм]

300 2.0 2.0

400 2.5 2.5

500 2.5 3.0

600 3.3 3.5

800 4.5 4.5

1000 5.0 5.0

> 1200 5.0 5.0

Normal pipe size

If requested all pipes can be delivered either with a bright, inspection friendly or an electro-conductive inner surface made by the co-extrusion process.

KRAH PROFILED PIPESWall thicknesses

Minimum wall thickness according to EN 13476, table 5

Profiled pipe wall

a – profile distance (mm)s1 – waterway thickness (mm)s4 – coating thickness (mm)h – profile height (mm)

Internal pressure

Co-extrusion

Both profiled and solid wall pipes with wall thicknes-ses up to 300 mm can be produced.

The quality of the pipe is highly depending on the quality of the waterway wall, therefore all Krah pipes are usually produced with a minimum waterway wall of 4 mm.

The great advantage of this development is that a profiled pipe has a very low weight, but at the same time can be used for high load applications. A lot less material is needed to produce a pipe with the same static properties than a solid wall pipe, which means significant savings in material costs.

The supportable static load is determined for every profile geometry by the factors elastic modulus (N/mm2) of the respective material and the moment of inertia of the profile geometry (mm4/mm) referring to the pipe diameter. The result is called ring stiff-ness. By using a profile design pipe, the weight can

be reduced up to 65% compared to a solid wall pipe with the same ring stiffness. Krah pipes offer the best security and durability. The wall thicknesses of our pipes can be adapted in small steps to the respective load.

The Krah pipe system can withstand low working pressure up to 3 bar, depending on the thickness of the waterway wall (s1). Equivalent to DIN 8074 the hoop stress formula can be used to calculate the s1 as the minimum wall thickness.

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DIN 16961,pr EN 1347-1або по запитуASTM F 894NBR 7373JIS K 6780

ATV A 127ISO 9969

ATV A110

EN 1610

DVS 2207

KWS

Subject Standard

Static dimensions

Hydraulic dimensioning

Krah pipes installed in a very narrow trench

Transportation of Krah pipes

Different co-extrusions – yellow, blue and electro conductive

Shaft DIN/ID 4000 mm

Pipe installations

Welding

Internal standard

Pipe

Norms and standards

The co-extrusion ensures an inspection friendly, bri-ght inner surface and at the same time a long term UV-resistant outer surface (for example, for the sto-rage of pipes outside for a long time).

The Krah piping system is designed to meet the requirements of present applicable internatio-nal norms and standards. Krah AG is member of the major standardization committees to gu-arantee that the pipes are corresponding to the standards, but also that the standards are corre-sponding to the pipes.ze standardami, natomiast z drugiej strony normy te, odpowiadają nowoczesnym wymaganiom, co sprawia, że rury są całkowicie dostosowane do rzeczywistych warunków.

The Krah pipe corresponds to the following inter-national standards:

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Inch

clay steel ductile concretePE

PIPE PROPERTIES

Good chemical resistance

Impact resistance

Recycling

Resistant to microorganisms, rodents and termites

Hydraulics

Weldability

Wall roughness

Due to the thermoplastic material the pipes can be welded together which signifies, that the whole pi-peline builds a homogenous system and is absolu-tely safe against infiltration and exfiltration.

For buried pipelines the biogenous sulphuric acid corrosion plays a key role regarding the longevity of the system. The biogenous sulphuric acid corrosion only takes place above the water level and therefore only occurs in partly filled pipes. Thanks to the used material Krah pipeline systems guarantee optimum security and resistance.

The high impact resistance, even at low tempera-tures, ensures a robust pipe, resistant against im-pacts during transport, installation on the site and during the whole service life conditions.

Polyethylene and polypropylene can be recycled to 100%. These materials have the property to be reworkable without the structure of the material ha-ving to be modified dramatically. For this reason all waste material of polyethylene and polypropylene pipes can be led back into the production cycle.

The smooth round surface of plastic pipes does not give the teeth of rodents sufficient hold to cause da-mage. Moreover even in termite-affected countries no damage to polyethylene pipelines by termites has ever been occurred. Polyethylene and polypro-pylene are not a nutrient medium for bacteria, fungi and spores, so that the material is resistant to all forms of microbial attack as well as to both sulphu-rous acid and sulfates.

Inner diameter and hydraulic properties of Krah pi-pes will remain constant regardless of the wall thick-ness or the profiles due to the smooth anti-adhesive inner pipe surface. The nominal diameter (e.g. DN/ID 500) corresponds to the respective inner diame-ter according to DIN 16961.

Compared to other pipe materials like concrete, smaller diameters can be used, which means that costs for material and installation can be reduced considerably.

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abrasion (mm)

concrete pipe

concrete pipe coated

GFK pipe

Clay pipe

PVC pipe

PP or PE pipe

cycles

Polyethylene and polypropylene pipes are among the most abrasion proof pipes. This has been te-sted in the so-called Darmstadt procedure and the results are shown in the below diagram and confirm the quality of polyethylene pipes. Tests have been performed at the «Süddeutsche Kunststoffzentrum» for its approval.

The easy handling of Krah pipes

Manual unloading of Krah pipes

Storage of Krah pipes

Wall of SQ Krah pipes

Abrasion resistance

Abrasion curve of various pipe materials according to the Darmstadt procedure

UV-resistance

Black polyethylene pipes are permanently resistant to atmospheric corrosion and UV radiation. Thus the pipes can be used and stored outside without the pipe material being damaged. No aging effect will occur.

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Specific weight in kg/dm3

PE PVC GFK Clay Concrete Ductile Steel

PIPE PROPERTIES

Elastic pipes can react to changes in their environ-ment. Due to the deformation performance, the load is distributed to its surrounding and the force acting on the pipe will be diminished. Within a short time there is a balance in the area around the pipeline and the deformation comes to a standstill. Plastic pi-pes react very flexible to static loads, while the loads do not concentrate themselves on the pipe, but are

diverted to the surrounding soil. Flexible pipes still function, when other rigid pipe systems have alre-ady broken. Even in the case of a deformation the system is still absolute resistant against infiltration and exfiltration.

Since the pipes are profiled on the outside, these profiles can fix the pipes in the soil. There will be no or very few axial extensions in the pipeline. Krah pipes are nearly unaffected by temperature varia-tions.

Specific light weig

Material characteristic values

Deformation resistance

Flexibility

Pipes made of Polyethylene and Polypropylene have considerable advantages to other pipe mate-rials like concrete, steel, ductile etc. Due to their ma-terial the Krah pipes posses over a high elongation at break. This signifies, that the pipe can support even loads or deformations, that were not included in the actual calculation and design of the pipe, like for example earthquakes. The Krah pipes deform conform with the movement of the earth without any breaks or cracks, so that the activity of the pipeline is not drastically affected. As soon as the overload and earth movement ends, the pipe will go back to its initial condition and position.

Another advantage is the high flexibility. Even in areas which are highly affected by 11 earthquakes, our pipes are hardly damaged in comparison to pi-pes made of other materials. Despite the flexibility of the Krah pipes they have a great capacity to carry loads, so that they are also suitable for road con-

The Krah pipes have a very low weight and there-fore are easy to handle during installation, which makes the usage of a crane on site in most of the cases unnecessary.

By using a profile design pipe, the weight can be reduced up to 65% compared to a solid wall pipe with the same ring stiffness.

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Deflection of flexible pipes is controlled by the set-tlement of the soil. After settlement, traffic and other loads do not affect pipe deflection. When pipes are relatively more rigid than the soil, the traffic and other loads have to be resisted by the pipe.

Quick manhole installation

Installation of a sewage pipe with a complete manhole

Installation of a pipe DN/ID 2000 mm

Installation of a TWIN-pipe DN/ID 2000 mm with fittings

Deflection is safety

Deflection of flexible pipes compared to flexural resistant pipes

Many years of practical experience have shown that flexible pipes (b) can resist traffic and other loads more effective than flexural resistant pipes (a) made of concrete or other rigid material.As shown in the drawing, the flexible pipes elude a selective strain by deflection. By this means the surrounding soil absorbs this strain.

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Ix [мм4/мм] e [мм] se [мм]

PR 21-000.39 395 6.85 16.80

PR 34-001.23 1229 11.01 24.50

PR 42-001.88 1884 13.14 28.30

PR 42-002.60 2604 14.69 31.50

PR 54-004.39 4386 18.20 37.50

PR 54-004.71 4706 17.62 38.40

PR 54-005.26 5260 20.32 29.80

PR 54-005.66 5561 19.70 40.80

PR 54-006.57 6569 21.54 42.90

PR 54-007.02 7032 21.11 43.80

PR 54-007.98 7983 22.72 45.80

PR 54-008.49 8492 22.41 46.70

PR 54-010.07 10074 23.68 49.40

PR 54-011.77 11774 24.88 52.10

PR 54-012.92 12917 26.14 53.70

PR 54-014.28 14277 26.05 55.50

PR 54-016.32 16321 26.20 58.10

PR 54-019.34 19844 29.97 62.00

PR

54 4.39-

Profile number

Ix – moment of inertia (mm)

profile type (PR, SQ, SP, VW, ST)

Profile no.PR

diameter of the pipe

One of the great advantages of Krah pipes is that it is easily adaptable to all different kinds of project requirements.

According to different norms and standards, the pipes shall be designed according to nominal ring stiffness classes (SN) like SN2 (only for pipes DN > 500), SN4, SN8 or SN16 (according to ISO9969), or other standard stiffness classes (DIN16961, ASTM F894, NBR 7373 etc) not depending on the testing method (constant speed or constant load).

In addition, according to EN13476-3 9.1, the ma-nufacturer is also allowed to produce pipes DN/ID > 500 mm in between the SN classes, in case he is able to prove and underline this decision with the help of a static calculation.

It is useful to perform static calculations for Krah pi-pes taking into consideration the specifications of each particular project. In 99% of cases the pipes selected for a particular project are over-dimensio-ned in the original project design documentation. Using the calculations it is possible to prove that it is sufficient to install a pipe with less stiffness but the correct profile, including the required safety factor which is also cheaper and faster to install.

The real pipe quality consists of the right wa-terway wall thickness, a good raw material and a secure jointing technology; but not the stiff-ness.

PROFILESProfile type: PR

The main properties of the profile series PR is the smooth inside and the profiled outside. The low we-ight and the high stiffness are significant.

The fields of application for this kind of profiles are pipeline systems like for example sewer, drain, storm drain and ventilation.

List of typical profiles, type PRIx – moment of inertiae – distance of inertiase – equivalent solid wall thickness

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Ix [мм4/мм] e, se

SQ1 9.400 - 27.000

SQ2 46.000 - 133.000

SQ3 164.000 - 300.000

Bend DN/ID 2400 mm

Bend with integrated electro fusion joint

Special waste stream cleaning application

Different kinds of fittings

This profile pipe has a smooth inside and outside including internal profiles with one or more layers. This profile has a very high long-term stiffness the-refore it is very suitable for extremely high loads and big diameters.

Should a standard profile not be sufficient due to the effects of all different kinds of loads, the Krah pipe system makes it possible to combine different kinds of profiles in order to achieve the required effects. For example a PR profile can be added to a SQ pro-file or a solid wall pipe without any problems.

With this technique, the following two effects are achieved: both profiles can be statically added whe-reby a stronger pipe is produced and a profile will be added to the otherwise smooth surface, which has advantages regarding the anchoring of the pipes in the soil preventing the axial deformation.

Profile type: SQ

Information on request



Profile no.

List of typical profiles, type SQIx – moment of inertiae – distance of inertiase – equivalent solid wall thickness

Profile type: SP

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s\DN/ID

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 20 25 30 35 40

[кг/м]

300 4.6 5.5 6.5 7.4 8.4 9.3 10.3 11.3 12.3 13.3 14.2 17.3 19.3 24.5 29.9 35.4 41.0

400 6.1 7.3 8.6 9.8 11.1 12.4 13.6 14.9 16.2 17.5 18.8 22.7 25.3 32.0 38.9 45.9 53.1

500 7.6 9.2 10.7 12.3 13.8 15.4 17.0 18.5 20.1 21.7 23.3 28.1 31.4 39.6 48.0 56.5 65.1

600 9.1 11.0 12.8 14.7 16.5 18.4 20.3 22.1 24.0 25.9 27.8 33.5 37.4 47.1 57.0 67.0 77.2

700 10.6 12.8 14.9 17.1 19.2 21.4 23.6 25.8 28.0 30.1 32.3 39.0 43.4 54.7 66.0 77.6 89.3

800 12.1 14.6 17.0 19.5 22.0 24.4 26.9 29.4 31.9 34.4 36.9 44.4 49.5 62.2 75.1 88.1 101.3

900 13.6 16.4 19.1 21.9 24.7 27.4 30.2 33.0 35.8 38.6 41.4 49.8 55.5 69.7 84.1 98.7 113.4

1000 15.2 18.2 21.3 24.3 27.4 30.5 33.5 36.6 39.7 42.8 45.9 55.3 61.5 77.3 93.2 109.2 125.5

1100 16.7 20.0 23.4 26.7 30.1 33.5 36.9 40.2 43.6 47.0 50.4 60.7 67.6 84.8 102.2 119.8 137.5

1200 18.2 21.8 25.5 29.1 32.8 36.5 40.2 43.9 47.5 51.3 55.0 66.1 73.6 92.4 111.3 130.4 149.6

1300 19.7 23.6 27.6 31.6 35.5 39.5 43.5 47.5 51.5 55.5 59.5 71.5 79.6 99.9 120.3 140.9 161.6

1400 21.2 25.4 29.7 34.0 38.2 42.5 46.8 51.1 55.4 59.7 64.0 77.0 85.6 107.4 129.4 151.5 173.7

1500 22.7 27.3 31.8 36.4 41.0 45.5 50.1 54.7 59.3 63.9 68.5 82.4 91.7 115.0 138.4 162.0 185.8

1600 24.2 29.1 33.9 38.8 43.7 48.6 53.4 58.3 63.2 68.1 73.1 87.8 97.7 122.5 147.5 172.6 197.8

1700 25.7 30.9 36.0 41.2 46.4 51.6 56.8 62.0 67.1 72.4 77.6 93.3 103.7 130.1 156.5 183.1 209.9

1800 27.2 32.7 38.1 43.6 49.1 54.6 60.1 65.6 71.1 76.6 82.1 98.7 109.8 137.6 165.6 193.7 222.0

1900 28.7 34.5 40.3 46.0 51.8 57.6 63.4 69.2 75.0 80.8 86.6 104.1 115.8 145.1 174.6 204.2 234.0

2000 30.2 36.3 42.4 48.4 54.5 60.6 66.7 72.8 78.9 85.0 91.2 109.5 121.8 152.7 183.7 214.8 246

2100 31.7 38.1 44.5 50.9 57.2 63.6 70.0 76.4 82.8 89.3 95.7 115.0 127.9 160.2 192.7 225.4 258

2200 33.2 39.9 46.6 53.3 60.0 66.7 73.3 80.1 86.8 93.5 100.2 120.4 133.9 167.8 201.8 235.9 270.1

2300 34.8 41.7 48.7 55.7 62.7 69.7 76.7 83.7 90.7 97.7 104.7 125.8 139.9 175.3 210.8 246.5 282.3

2400 36.3 43.5 50.8 58.1 65.4 72.7 80.0 87.3 94.6 101.9 109.2 131.3 146.0 182.8 219.9 257.0 294.3

2500 37.8 45.3 52.9 60.5 68.1 75.7 83.3 90.9 98.5 106.1 113.8 136.7 152.0 190.4 228.9 267.6 306.4

2600 39.3 47.2 55.0 62.9 70.8 78.7 86.6 94.5 102.4 110.4 118.3 142.1 158.0 197.9 237.9 278.1 318.5

2700 40.8 49.0 57.1 65.3 73.5 81.7 89.9 98.1 106.4 114.6 122.8 147.5 164.1 202.5 247.0 288.7 330.5

2800 42.3 50.8 59.3 67.7 76.2 84.7 93.3 101.8 110.3 118.8 127.3 153.0 170.1 213.0 256.0 299.2 342.6

2900 43.8 52.6 61.4 70.2 79.0 87.8 96.6 105.4 114.2 123.0 131.9 158.4 176.1 220.5 265.1 309.8 354.7

3000 45.3 54.4 63.5 72.6 81.7 90.8 99.9 109.0 118.1 127.3 136.4 163.8 182.2 228.1 274.1 320.4 366.7

The type VW is a homogeneous solid pipe with smooth inside and outside surface. These pipes can be used for internal working pressure. The minimum wall thickness measures 5 mm, the maximum thick-ness is 80 mm.

SOLID WALL

Profile type: VW

This pipe type has a smooth inner surface and a slightly uneven outer surface. The pipes are produ-ced homogenously. Moreover these solid wall pipes are tempered, which means that there are no frozen stresses.

Solid wall pipes

Weight of pipes, type VWs – solid wall thickness, (mm). Other dimensions and materials on request. Weights without socket and spigot.

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300 [мм] 4000 [мм]

200 [мм]

5 [мм]

5 [мм]

stepped pipes minimum maximum

nominal width (Di)

number of steps (n)

length of step (L)

wall thickness of step (s)

step distance

two six

pipe length

300 mm for PE150 mm for PP

Solid wall polyethylene pipe

Pipes with the profile type ST are specially made for vertical tanks, where different wall thicknesses in one pipe are required to save material.

The calculation method is according to DVS 2205.

Vertical «stepped» storage tank for industrial applications

Vertical storage tanks of polyethylene

Different types of pipes

Profile type: ST

Technical data of stepped pipes

Sketch of a stepped vertical storage tankS1 – wall thickness of the step IL1 – length of the step I

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α

15° 2

30° 2

45° 3

60° 3

75° 4

90° 4

Number of segments

FITTINGS

Reductions can be made both centric and eccen-tric so that they always meet the requirements. For standard reductions the maximum difference in dia-meter is 200 mm, other differences on request.

Branches

Bends

Number of segments

Reductions

The Krah pipe can be provided in the complete range of diameters and stiffness classes but also fittings, manholes and other components are deli-verable to accomplish the mission of a homogenous and reliable pipe system.

All fittings are fabricated from pipes of the type VW or SQ. Generally the fittings are designed corre-sponding to the required stiffness and in conside-ration of the welding factors. Every fitting can have any kind of pipe end and can be assembled with the existing pipe system with any jointing technique.

All pipe end dimensions fulfill the requirements of the standard EN 14376, like the minimum lengths and stif-fness. The standard spigot length (Ls) is 140 mm and the standard socket length (Lm) is 140 mm.

All fittings are fabricated out of pipes (mainly solid wall pipes) with an equivalent stiffness.

All pipe end dimensions fulfill the requirements of the standard EN 14376, like the minimum length and stiffness. The standard spigot length (Ls) is 140 mm and the standard socket length (Lm) is 140 mm.

All fittings are fabricated out of pipes (mainly solid wall pipes) with an equivalent stiffness.

Branches can be manufactured and delivered in every type and

form. The angle can be adapted individually from 15° to 90° as well as the ends and the respective segment lengths.

In the table the standard bend angles are mentio-ned, according to DIN 16961 – other diameters on request. Basically every angle can be produced.

Bends can be manufactured and segmented in dif-ferent angles and the related radius of the bend to pipe diameter can be selected independently.

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4

43

32

2

11

In order to lead Krah pipes through walls, e.g. in se-wage plants or concrete shafts, we recommend our puddle flanges which can be flush mounted in con-crete. The tightness is secured by an anchor and a ring made of EPDM.

House connections can be installed at any time using our transition sleeves. The house connection can be built onto the profile pipe at any place and in any weather. All usual dimensions for house con-nection lines are available. The assembly can be carried out by experts on site.

The standard diameters are DN/OD 160 mm and DN/OD 200 mm, but other dimensions are possi-ble.

Following any other kind of pipe system as, for example, corrugated, clay and PVC pipes can be jointed.

Manhole with an integrated bend and electro fusion joint

Fabrication of a fitting

Bend DN/ID 2000 mm

Reduction DN/ID 2400 mm to DN/ID 1200 mm

Division and new arrangement of the pipe segments to create a 90° angle.

House connections

Puddle flanges

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MANHOLES

This manhole is situated tangentially to the pipe, that means it is displaced from the middle. That is the reason why by using this kind of manholes with the standard diameter of DN/ID 1000 mm it can be also used by pipes with bigger diameters.

Like the standard manhole, the lower part of the manhole is completely fabricated out of polyethy-lene or polypropylene according to the static requ-irements. The upper part is a concrete or reinforced concrete ring according to DIN 4034. Even very complex constructions according to the engineer requirements are possible. The main advantage of the tangential manhole is the sustainable, flexible, light weight, inspection friendly, self-cleaning, dura-ble and a very cost effective construction.

Standard manhole

Tangential manhole

To have the possibility to control and maintain pipe systems regularly, manholes are integrated in the system. They are mainly installed at the positions of bends, reduction or branches. The manholes are made of the same material as the pipes and are also connected to the system with similar jointing techniques. The special advantage is that a homo-genous system of the same material is produced. With preference, profile types like SQ and VW are used for the production of the manholes, as the soil can densify better at the smooth outside of the pipe and can settle without problems.

This kind of manhole is situated centrically abo-ve the pipe. Because of static and safety reasons this type is only recommended if the diameter of the pipe is smaller or equal to the diameter of the manhole. Normally the diameters DN/ID 800 mm of DN/ID 1000 mm are used for this kind of manhole.

Usually the lower part of the manhole is completely fabricated out of polyethylene or polypropylene ac-cording to the static requirements. The upper part is a concrete or reinforced concrete ring according to DIN 4034. Even very complex constructions ac-

cording to the engineers requirements are possible. The main advantage is the sustainable, flexible, li-ght weight, inspection friendly, self-cleaning and du-rable construction.

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If required a manhole made of concrete can be pro-duced with an inlet and outlet designed to connect to the Krah pipe system.

For the cover of the manholes there exist all diffe-rent kinds of possibilities. Especially the application case and the loads are a major criteria for the cor-rect choice of the cover.

Regularly the manholes are installed in such a way that the top edge is justified to the earth’s surface or the street. In this case the cover has to be designed in a way that the direct load conditions, e.g. cros-sing vehicles, can be carried and forwarded. The most frequently used system is the concrete plate above the manhole which lies on a ring anchor.

The advantage is that the rising loads are not for-warded to the manhole but through the ring anchor to the surrounding earth.

These covers are especially suitable for the instal-lation in roads, as the cover is integrated into the asphalt and flexibly connected with the manhole (telescopic). Thus the cover moves with the asphalt in case that the road settles and the manhole is al-ways even.

Standard manhole DN/ID 1000 mm

Special end-manhole with different connections

Inside of a standard manhole with a berm and stairs

Krah pipe with a manhole produced with bricks

Special manhole

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JOINTING TECHNOLOGY

The pipes and fittings are jointed with the help of a heating element butt welding machine. The ends of the pipes and fittings are butt-welded. This kind of jointing method is only recommended for pipes and fittings with a maximum wall thickness of 150 mm and with diameters from DN/ID 300 mm to DN/ID 2500 mm.

The welding has to be done according to DVS 2207 part 1.

Electro fusion joint

V seam extrusion welding

Extrusion welding

Heat element butt welding

All Krah pipes are produced automatically with a socket and spigot, which are adaptable to the follo-wing kinds of jointing techniques:

This is the most preferred joint system, as the whole pipe system becomes a homogenous unit.

A welding wire which is included in the socket or spigot is heated with the help of a special welding device whereby the two pipe ends (the socket and the spigot) are jointed together. The electro fusion jointing technique is a very favourable, simple and secure method to install pipes in even very narrow trenches in a short time.

For further information please refer to our brochure «Technology – integrated electro fusion joint».

The pipes and fittings are jointed with the help of an extrusion welding extruder. The outside of the ends are chamfered. Thus a welding seam is produ-ced which looks like «V». Normally no socket-spigot connection is used.


The pipes and/or fittings which shall be connected are jointed by a socket and spigot joint. Thus the two pipe ends are connected with the help of an extrusion welding device. The jointing method can be carried out inside or/and outside of the pipe. This jointing is most suitable for low-pressure gra-vity pipes and manholes.


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Heat element butt welding connection

Electro fusion socket

Electro fusion connection on site

Flange connection

Our system has solid plain socket and spigot, with an integrated EPDM sealing. The minimum wall thicknesses of the spigot is according to EN13476-3 table 7 and in addition the ring stiffness of the soc-ket plus the ring stiffness of the spigot is higher than the ring stiffness of the pipe.

Flange connection

Gasket connection

The ends of the pipes and fittings are jointed with the help of a steel flange and a rubber gasket. De-pending on the type of pipe the flange adapters are completely manufactured with the pipe, or the flanges are available as separate fitting. This kind of jointing method is mostly used for open sea di-scharge application and for tank connections. The greatest advantage of this connection is the facility of disjointing.

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APPLICATIONS

Due to the versatility of Krah pipes, with all its diffe-rent kinds of profiles, they are applicable in all kind of fields of application:

Sewer systems made of profiled Krah pipes have been used for more than 35 years in all areas of local and industrial drainage. The Krah AG offers a modern sewer pipe program with manholes, fittings, and safe pipe joint systems for the planning of se-wer treatment plants.

Water outlets are used for the discharge of liquid and gaseous substances at the base of rivers and the sea. For the construction and operation of such pipelines Krah pipes offer considerable advantages, such as the elasticity of the pipeline and therefore optimum adaptation to the area, low weight, secure and strong jointing technology, seawater resistance and pipe stiffness exactly adapted to the respective requirements because the appropriate profiles are selected for every individual project.

Profiled or solid wall pipes made of polyethylene or polypropylene are well suited for the manufacture of horizontal and vertical tanks. For other special con-structions like chimneys, compost plants, and wash towers Krah pipes offer all advantages regarding variety, precision, quality, and expandability.

Within a sewage system, especially mixed water systems, reservoirs can store rainwater for delayed release to the sewage plant. This will avoid over-load. As reservoir systems are usually built-in sub-sequently, they must be assembled in a very short time. Since the Krah reservoirs are prefabricated, this condition is fulfilled perfectly. Krah pipes offer considerable advantages:

• the compact construction allows short buil ding times,• 100% tight joints between the various ele ments due to the electro fusion process,• smooth inner surfaces which prevent incru stations,• the pipe’s self-cleaning ability.

The re-construction of damaged sewer pipes by means of relining, «pipe in pipe method», becomes more and more important. Krah pipes are very su-itable for the relining process. Specific pipe stiffness can be calculated for all loads. Also in the area of short pipe relining, Krah pipes offer competent so-lutions. The welding can be carried out inside the shaft. Pipe lengths are available from 1 m to 6 m. Krah pipes are able to reestablish the static carrying capacity of the sewer without the need of digging. In order to insert longer stretches, pipe lengths of up to 18 m can be pre-fabricated. With pipes DN 800 and larger, it is also possible to insert the pipe one by one into the existing sewer network and weld from the inside of the pipe.

Sewer systems

Outfall pipelines

Tanks and containers

Reservoirs, storm water tanks

Relining

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Krah is a competent partner for system components for drainage and de-gassing of landfill sites. Many landfill sites have been successfully equipped with profiled drain pipes and manholes. Krah’s developments have set new standards for soil and ground water protec-tion. Drain shafts with control systems are available in diameters of up to DN/ID 4000 mm.

In addition to the common areas of application Krah pipes are also suitable for special projects like tun-nels etc. Krah pipes are also used as ventilating pi-pes. The advantage over the traditional ventilating pipes which are made of sheet steel, is that they are corrosion-resistant which is especially important for the chemical and biological industry.

Pipeline systems which have to install for industry applications has superior high expectations. Pro-blem in this field are the chemical constituents and the high temperatures of the transported medium. On this case we can produce special applications.With high quality raw materials, which are resistant even against high concentrations of chemicals. Other advantage for this special scope of applica-tion is the Krah electro fusion pipe connection. He-rewith we can guarantee the high quality not only for the pipe but rather for a complete system.

Sea outfall pipe line DN/ID 1800 mm

Relining of a concrete pipe

Main collector of a sewage treatment plant

Industrial ventilation pipes

Landfill

Special applications

Industrial applications

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Trenchwalls

Main backfill

Initial backfill

Side fill

Depth of cover

Trench depth

Bedding

Trench bottom

The transport of Krah pipes is very easy as they are very good to move due to the low weight. It only has to be ensured, that the pipes cannot move and that they are stored in the right way. In special cases, e.g. if the pipes are shipped in containers, it is re-commendable to adapt the total length of the pipe to the shipping conditions in order to use the space most efficiently.

Forklifts with a rod of 5 meters are very suitable for the handling of the pipe in the production facilities. On site no additional heavy devices are needed. Normally the pipes can be unloaded and transpor-ted to the trench by an excavator which anyway is present on site.

For the storage of the pipes and fittings it is absolu-tely necessary that they are stored on even ground, free of stones and sharp-edged objects, so that po-int-loads are avoided. Further it is important to make sure that the sockets of the upper layer are not con-tacting the sockets of the lower layer. This means, the pipes of each layer have to be rotated 180°.

In any case the pipes have to be protected against rolling, especially if the pipes are stored in several layers above each other. A maximum height of 4 meters should not be exceeded..

In addition to the security aspect the pipes should always be stored in such a way that they do not de-form. Generally there should be three wood bearing supports to guarantee a good load distribution.

Installation

The installation of Krah pipes is very easy. After the trench has been prepared in the same way as for all other pipes the Krah pipe is laid down und aligned. The individual pipe parts are jointed with the diffe-rent kinds of jointing techniques. The backfilling has to be carried out according to the requirements of the static calculations. In general, the installation is carried out according to EN 1610

Pipes made from PP have proven their quality in industrial praxis.

NSTALLATION

Transport

Handling

Storage

Sample of the storage of Krah pipes

Installation of a Krah pipe according to EN 1610

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According to the requirements pipe systems have to be tested for leakage. There exist different kinds of test procedures.

The frst alternative is the section test, where the total pipe sections (between two manholes) are te-sted in all. Air hoses are blown up and they lock the pipes at both ends. Then, water with a certain nomi-nal pressure is pumped into the tightened section. This overpressure is tested after a certain period of time which gives information about the leakage of the section.

The other alternative is the jointing test (only po-ssible with diameters greater than DN/ID 600 mm), where only the pipe joints are tested as it is assu-med that the pipes themselves are tight. A leakage testing device is used but the testing principle is the same applied in the section test, the only difference is that the test area is the joint.

Leakage test

Typical storage of pipes

Installation of a swimming pool storage tank

Installation of rain water tank

Installation of a pipe

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QUALITY CONTROLTotal quality management

Before production control

During production control

After production control

Marking

Quality certificates

The quality of the pipes and the pipe products is the criterion for all developments of Krah AG and companies using the Krah technology. As the inter-national requirements vary because of the different norms and standards, there exists a multiplicity of test procedures for the quality assurance. The whole production process is included in an extensive Total Quality Management System. There are two main fields, the one is the internal quality control and the other is the external (third-party) quality control.

Generally the internal quality control is divided into three different steps:

The raw materials and any other input are tested re-garding the melting flow ratio, moisture and colour. Usually any new delivery of material is tested before it is stored. Every test is documented, analyzed and filed.

During the production the individual working steps are continuously supervised and documented. Mo-reover the most important dimensions are measu-red and if necessary, corrected.

After the production, the final product is tested and compared with the requirements of the customer. The final minute is written and the documentation is finished.

In order to guarantee that the static theoretic valu-es are conform to the reality pipes are continuously taken out of the production and they are tested with the help of a ring stiffness test according to DIN 16961 or ISO 9969.

The quality assurance demands a great know-how and therefore the Krah AG has created a Quality handbook in which all the important tests including the necessary machines are described. In order to give the customer an impression of the quality con-trol it is possible to have a look into the handbook.

Depending on the used pipe standard, the marking can be different. A minimum marking is: The pipes shall be marked at intervals of maximum 2 m, at least once per pipe. Number of the standard, dia-meter series DN/ID, manufacturer name, Stiffness Class (or Profile no.), Ring Flexibility (RF30), Ma-terial code.

In general the whole production is constantly super-vised by a third party inspection. The quality control exceeds by far the ISO 9000 certifications because in our case the quality of the final product is tested. As result we are in the position to issue quality certi-ficates for every delivery of pipes from the most sim-ple quality certificate 2.2 to the first class certificate 3.1b according to EN 10204.

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The advantages at a glance

DurabilityLow investment costs and a service life over 100 years re-duce the operating costs.

Time SavingUp to 30% savings when laying the light and flexible pipes with lengths of 6 m.

MaintenanceThe smooth inner surface reduces the maintenance and cleaning costs considerably.

HydraulicsDue to the very good hydraulic properties, smaller pipe diameters can be used compared to current traditional pipe materials.

Tightness100% tight joints: No infiltration or exfiltration, no root pe-netration due to welded system.

LengthsThe standard lengths of 6 m reduces the amount of joints.

Integrated E-fusionEvery pipe can have an integrated electro fusion.

Temperature resistanceDue to the machining the application of the pipes range from -40°C to +80°C.

Environmental friendlyAll materials can easily be recycled and lead back into the production cycle.

FlexibilityThe pipes are secure against fracture, even in case of earth movement

Easy handlingDue to the low weight and the quick assembly, the pipes are very easy to handle.

The materials of Krah pipes have been used for preparation of this catalogue.

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PVC pipes and fittings for a drainage system

Technical description

System description

- resistance to constant high temperature drains up to 95°C (sometimes 100°C);- chemical resistance to various aggressive joints and substances that can be found both in utility and industrial drains;- wear resistance, ideal hydraulic properties;- joints hermiticity, which is ensured by factory mo-unted double lip seals with clamping ring;- small pipes and fittings weight that facilitates transportation and speeds up installation.

Instalplast-KHV offers PP internal drainage system intended for internal drainage installation in the area of houses and apartment blocks construction as well as in cottages, offices, hospitals, laboratories, indu-strial establishments and in agriculture. Owing to bio-logical neutrality of the material of which all drainage elements are made, the system is recommended for the use in food industry. Pipes and fittings are made of granular polypropylene of grey or white colour, the quality of which is confirmed by ISO 9001:2000 quali-ty system, introduced at the enterprise.

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PVC internal drainage pipes dimensions

PVC drainage pipe range

Nominal diameter DN

[mm]

śInternal diameter of

flared end ds min [mm]

Wall thickness Flared end length Loose end length

e [mm]

e2 min [mm]

e3 min [mm]

A min [mm]

C min [mm]

L1 min [mm]

Nominal diameter DN

[mm]

Wall hickness е

[mm]

M [kg/m] L [mm] Colour

amount

package pallet

whitewhite white white white white white white whitewhite white white

grey (white)grey (white)grey (white)grey (white)grey (white) grey (white)

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PVC pipes and fittings for a drainage systemnominal diameter DN [mm]

DN [mm]

Wall thickness е

[mm]

M [kg/m]

L [mm] colour

amount

package pallet

Bend

a L1 [mm] L2 [mm]

szary

szary

szary

szary

szary

szary

szary

szary

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]

T-bend 45 ˚

T-bend 67 ˚ 30 ́

T-bend 87 ˚ 30 ́

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One-dimension cross 67 ˚

Two-dimension cross 67 ˚

Size

Size

DN [mm]

DN [mm]

DN [mm]

DN1 [mm]

DN1 [mm]

DN1 [mm]

L1 [mm]

L1 [mm]

L1 [mm]

L2 [mm]

L2 [mm]

L2 [mm]

L3 [mm]

L3 [mm]

Inspection, cleaning

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Pipe plug

Pipe reduction

Pipe unit

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Unit with restriction

PVC pipe holder

DN [mm]

DN [mm]

L1 [mm]

kolor

szary

szary

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PVC pipes and fittings for external drainage system


- SN2, S25 light type pipes- SN4, S20 medium type pipe- SN8, S16,7 heavy type pipes- SN4 and SN8 prolonged flared end pipes

– Pipes and fittings are made of a substance consisting of suspension PVC, stabilizers, colouring agents, fillers.– For pipes and fittings joining elastic sealants, which are factory mounted in flared ends, are applied. – PVC pipes and fittings are intended for construction of sani-tary, drain, industrial and other drainage systems.– Pipes with prolonged flared end are used, in particular, on the territory of mining, in road construction, etc.

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Minimum internal diameter

of flaredend DN [mm]

PVC drainage pipes dimensions

SN2, S25 PVC drainage pipes

Minimum size

DN [mm]

Flared end length

T [mm] standard flared

end

t [mm] prolonged flared end

Installed length

М [mm] normal

flared end

М [mm] prolonged flared end

normal diameter DN [mm]

wall thickness е [mm]

Weight 1 r.m.[kg] L [mm]

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Weight 1 r.m.[kg]

Weight 1 r.m.[kg]

L [mm]

L [mm]

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87°30' 211 244 160

SN8, S16, 7 PVC drainage pipesnormal diameter

DN [mm] wall thickness

е [mm] Weight

1 r.m.[kg] L [mm]

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87°30' 211 244 160

Bend

PVC fittings for external drainage system

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T-bend 45 ˚

Inspection junction

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T-bend 87 ˚ 30 ́́́

Eccentric reduction

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Pipe unit

Unit with restriction

Pipe plug

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Pipes PE HD 80 and PE HD 100 for gas networks


Instalplast-KHV produces:- pipes and fittings for gas supply networks. High-density polyethylene PE HD, class PE 80 and PE 100, is used as a raw material for gas pipes pro-duction.

Pipe sections can be joined as follows:- Butt pipe welding;- Welding using electrically-operated clutches.

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External diameter dn [mm]

PE HD 80 gas pipes

Wall thickness е [mm]


SDR 17,6

PE HD 80

SDR 11

Weight 1 r.m. [kg]

Weight 1 r.m. [kg]

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PVC pipes and fittings for water-

supply systems

Instalplast-KHV produces:- pressure pipes with flared end for water supply networks- pressure pipes with prolonged flared end intended for water supply networks on mining territories- pressure fittings for water supply networks

– Pipes and fittings are made of a substance consisting of suspension PVC, stabilizers, colouring agents, fillers.- Pipes and fittings intended for water supply networks construction for potable water, waste stacks and other fluids – Pipes with prolonged flared end are used, in particular, on the territory of mining– For pipes and fittings joining elastic sealants, which are factory mounted in flared ends, are applied

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Nominal diameter of flared end

DN [mm]

PVC pressure pipes dimensions

PN6,0 SDR41 PVC pressure pipe

Minimum internal diameter

of flared end DN

1 [mm]

Flared end length Installed length

Т normal flared end

M [mm] normal flared

end

t [mm] prolonged flared end

m [mm] prolonged flared end

Size L [mm]



Weight 1 r.m.[kg]

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PN10 SDR26 PVC pressure pipe

PVC double flared end unitMass [kg]z [mm]L [mm]DN [mm]



Weight 1 r.m.[kg]

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PVC single flared end branch pipe

DN [mm]Turning radius r

[mm] L[mm] Zd[mm] Mass [kg]

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PVC ENPL pipe tap (with free flange)Nominal diameter

DN [mm]

Nominal diameter DN [mm]


DN1 [mm]

DN1 [mm]

DN1 [mm]

L [mm]

L [mm]

L [mm]

Mass [kg]

Mass [kg]

Z [mm

PVC FNP pipe tap (with free steel flange)

ANPL PVC T-bend (with internal thread)Z1 [mm] Mass [kg]

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ANP PVC T-bend (with free steel fold)

PVC flared end T-bend



DN1 [mm]

DN1 [mm]

L [mm]

L [mm]

Z [mm

Z [mm

Z1 [mm]

Z1 [mm]

Mass [kg]

Mass [kg]

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Instalplast-KHV produces:- PE HD 80 pipes and segmental fittings are intended for the construction of water-supply networks, drainage systems and for aggressive fluids transportation.

Depending on the diameter and purpose, pipe sections may be joined in the following way:- Butt pipe welding;- Welding using electrically-operated clutches;- Using clamp fittings;- Mechanical joints are used for water-supply systems jo-ining;- Mechanical joints are made of high-quality polyethylene.

PE HD 80 pipes for water-supply and pressure drainage system.

PE mechanical joints for water pipes


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External diameter DN [mm]

PE HD 80 pressure pipesSDR 17 PN6SDR 21 PN6

Wall thickness e [mm]

Wall thickness e [mm]

Weight 1 r. m. [kg]

Weight 1 r. m. [kg]

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xternal diameter

DN [mm]

PE HD 80 pressure pipes

PE mechanical joints for water pipes Joint unit

ESDR13.6 PN 10 ESDR11 PN 12.5



Weight 1 r.m.[kg]

Weight 1 r.m.[kg]

Diameter, mm

bend

Diameter, mm

T-bend

Diameter, mm

pipe plug

Diameter, mm

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Transition unit

PE mechanical joints for water pipes

Diameter, mm Transition T-bend

Diameter, mm Unit RZ

Diameter, mm Unit RV

Diameter, mm

Bend RV Diameter, mm

Bend RZDiameter, mm

Pipe T-bend RV Diameter, mm

Pipe T-bend RZ Diameter, mm

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Instalplast-KHV produces semicircular section dra-inage system.

Rainware system consists of a spout, drain pipe and respectively selected fittings. Joints with facto-ry-mounted double lips seals serve for joining the spout. The spout, drain pipes and fittings are made of substances, which consist of: - PVC; - stabilizers; - UV rays resistant colouring agents;modifiers.

Rainware system is made in two colours:brown and white

PVC rainware system


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SpoutA

A

A

A

B

B

C

C

D E brown

brown

brown

brown

white

white

white

white

Spout jointing bracket

Rainwater head:

External plug (left, right)

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A

A

A

A

B

B

B

B

C

C

brown

brown

brown

brown

white

white

white

white

Spout external angle 90 ˚

Spout internal angle 90 ˚

Spout bracket

Spout metallic holder

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Drain pipe

Bend 60

Unit

Pipe holder

A

A

A

A

B

B

brown

brown

brown

brown

white

white

white

white

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Name

PVC drain pipesDrain pipes produced by Instalplast-KHV

Drain pipes produced by the Private Enterprise Instalplast-KHV are used in construction branch to reduce soil moisture and for water outflow. Corrugated drain pipes are made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) on modern foreign equipment of the companies “Zinzinnati” and “Unicore” using the method of extrusion.

Owing to corrugated wall, pipe resistance to stress is increased. PVC drain pipes have yellow colour with the dia-meter of 50 mm, 110 mm and are packed in coils 50 meters each. Also, Private Enterprise Instalplast-KHV offers a full range of fittings used for joining drain systems.

Of particular importance of corrugated PVC pipes is their light weight which makes it cheaper and faster to trans-port and lay pipes.

Drain pipe

50 mm Drain pipe

80 mm Drain pipe

100 mm

Materiał Colour Amount in 1 coil Weight 1 r.m. Weight of 1 coil Size

of 1 coil

PVC

PVC

PVC

50 m

50 m

50 m

5,65 kg

13,5 kg

18 kg

Yellow

Yellow

Yellow

0,113 kg

0,270 kg

0,360 kg

0,358 kg

0,540 kg

0,860 kg

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• Working service more than 50 years• Corrosion resistance • Chemical resistance• Light weight combined with high mechanical resistance• Sanitary• Absolute hermiticity and reliability of screw joint• Low installation cost

PVC pipes for threaded wells

Advantages of PVC well casing pipes:

PVC well casing pipes are intended for construction of water wells as well as production wells for transportation of solutions to which PVC material is chemically resistant. PVC well casing pipes use is determined by modern requirements to the quality of potable water. Wells drilling using PVC pipes allows avoiding ground-water contamination and increases drilling speed owing to the decreased diameter in comparison to ordinary steel pipes. Well casing pipes diameter: 125 mm and 140 mm.

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Garden hose is a double-layer product made of food grade PVC-compound and partially reinforced with nylon.Garden hoses have the following sizes: 5/8”, 3/4” , 1” .The area of application of garden hoses is quite wide. The most widespread branch of use is the irrigation system: gardens and kaleyards watering. They also may be used for water and water solutions transporta-tion for food purposes, city lawns and plantations care and vehicles washing.

Garden hose

Rubber transitions

Size

High quality of used materials and equipment contribute to goods longevity and bruise resi-stance. They are kink-resistant when bending, stretching, twisting; resistant to chemical and at-mospheric factors. It is necessary to protect the goods from direct sunlight and under heavy things for a long period of time; protect from rodents, insects and some substances. That will prevent from early wear of the goods.

Colour Amount in the package

black

black

black

black

black

10

10

20

20

20

110/124

50/72

50/40

50/32

50/25

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-

- - -

All

71

-- - - -

71- - - -

>

--

- -- 71

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

Environment Concentration

Acetic acidСН3СООН (water solution)

Ammonium sulfateAINH4(SO4) x2H2O

Ammonium hydroxide NH4OH

Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3

Ammonium phosphate (monobasic) NH4H2PO4

Ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4

Borax Na3B4O7x10H2O

Calcium carbonate СaCO3

Calcium chloride CaCl2

Calcium hypochlorite Сa(OCI)2

СuSo4x5H2O

Clorine gas (humidity)

Chlorine solution

Chlorinated water

Washing meansа

Ferric sulphate FeSO4

Hydrochloric acid HCI

Hypochloric acid

HOCI

Saturated

Saturated

Saturated

Saturated

Saturated

Saturated

Saturated

Saturated

Concentration

Saturated

Liquid

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- ---

- - - ---

--

-

--

- -

- -

Hydrogen nitrate HNO3

Oils

Phosphorus acid H3PO4

Potassium hypermanganate KmnO4

SoapSodium hydrocarbonate NaHCO3Sodium carbonate Na2CO3

Sodium chloride NaClSodium hypochlorite NaOClx5H2OSulphur S

Sulfuric acid H2SO4

Urea


Polymeric pipes resistance to aggressive environments

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- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- ---

- - - ---

--

-

--

- -

- -

Hydrogen nitrate HNO3

Oils

Phosphorus acid H3PO4

Potassium hypermanganate KmnO4

SoapSodium hydrocarbonate NaHCO3Sodium carbonate Na2CO3

Sodium chloride NaClSodium hypochlorite NaOClx5H2OSulphur S

Sulfuric acid H2SO4

Urea


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- 71- 71- 71- 71- 71- 71- 71- 71

-

Urine

Deionized water Н2О

Distilled water Н2О

Potable water Н2О

Salty water Н2О

Sea water Н2О

Soft water Н2О

Zinc sulfate

Code Significance Typical indices

Symbol

Plastic is resistive to the indicated temperature, ºC

Blowing <3%, mass loss <0,5%, strain coefficient elongation at failure without sufficient changes.

Plastic is resistive to the indicated temperature, ºC, however, it may have lesser resistance under higher temperatures

Blowing <3%, mass loss <0,5%, strain coefficient elongation at failure without sufficient changes; less resistance under higher temperatures.

Plastic is basically resistive to the indicated temperature, ºC, and may be suitable under certain conditions

Blowing 3-8%, mass loss 0,5-5%, and/or strain coefficient elongation at failure decreases not more than 50%.

Plastic is irresistive. Blowing <8%, mass loss <5%, and/or strain coefficient elongation at failure exceeds 50%.

No information available.


Notes

1. Chemicals, which usually have no influence on plastic properties without loading, may bring about totally different behavior (e.g. stress cracks) under mechanical or thermal stress (such as constant internal pres-sure or cyclic thermal loading or stress). Information relating to chemical stability in unstressed condition cannot be used when plastic pipe is exposed to constant or cyclic mechanical or thermal stresses.

2. If a plastic pipe is exposed to mechanical or thermal stress or several chemical agents, it is necessary to conduct extended study of pipes in conditions maximally close to natural.

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