CONTENTS Book IRIISE... · Sekolah Menengah Sains Hulu Selangor, Selangor Email:...

International Research Innovation, Invention & Solution Exposition (IRIISE 2018)

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CONTENTS


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TABLE OF CONTENT

CATEGORY A

Arts & Humanities ................................................................. 3

Engineering & Technology .................................................... 7

Life Sciences & Medicine ..................................................... 16

Natural Sciences ................................................................... 23

Social Sciences & Management............................................ 29

CATEGORY B

Engineering & Technology .................................................. 32

Life Sciences & Medicine ..................................................... 46

Natural Sciences ................................................................... 64

Social Sciences & Management............................................ 71

Arts & Humanities ............................................................... 83

CATEGORY C

Engineering & Technology .................................................. 98

Life Sciences & Medicine ....................................................139

Natural Sciences ..................................................................154

Social Sciences & Management...........................................165


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CATEGORY A

Arts & Humanities


4

JAPANESE LANGUAGE AS ADDITIONAL PROGRAMME

IN A RURAL AREA SCHOOL INCREASES PUPILS'

MOTIVATION IN SMK JERAM

Leong Hung Tong, Nor Aisyah Azahar, Yap Li Kean, Aiman Najah

Jeffrey, Azra Zulaikha Kamsani, Mohammad Akmal Rizal Kamsani,

Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Jeram,

Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Motivation builds student’s resilience and does not give up easily in

doing something either in academic or co-curricular projects. Japanese

language learning is said to motivate students to continue learning even

after experiencing failure, not only Japanese language subject, other

subjects too. Japanese Club of SMK Jeram was created since 2016. This

club was established by Miss Leong Hung Tong, an English teacher in

SMK Jeram. She studied in Japan for student’s exchange programme and

is currently teaches some SMK Jeram's pupils about Japanese language

and cultures. This club was awarded as the most active club in 2017. The

activities held by the club increases. It is found out that the involvement

of pupils in the activities carried out is not encouraging. Therefore, this

study is conducted with the purpose to investigate the reasons of the

low involvement of pupils in the activities carried out. This project aims

to find out the reasons why the involvement of pupils in the activities

carried out is not encouraging. It is speculated that some of the reasons

that cause involvement of pupils in the Japanese club activities are

pupils do not have transportation to attend the activities held and pupils

who joined the club are not interested in the club. It is also important to

investigate the pupils’ perceptions of Japanese language learning and

subsequently enable the findings of the project may produce coping

strategies in this project to increase the involvement of the pupils in the

activities carried out by the club. The method chosen for this study is

survey method. 19 Japanese club members and 6 ex Japanese club

members were selected for the study. The reason is due to the even

chance in investigating the low motivation of pupils in joining the club

activities, or even joining the club as a member. It is reported that 40% of

the targeted sample did not have any transport to join the Japanese


5

club’s activities. It is found out that 76% of the targeted sample felt that it

is easy to understand Japanese language taught by the teacher. It is

found that the speculations made at the beginning of the study were not

the main reasons and there were no dominant reasons able to be

identified from the study and it would be suggested that further

investigation to be carried out to explore further.

Keywords: Japanese, additional language, pupils' motivation, survey,

secondary school, rural area


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PAPERGAM - MULTI LANGUAGE PICTURE GAME

Siti Zubaidah Binti Musa, Muhammad Adam Senin, Nur Aiman Fahmi

Nornizam,

Sekolah Kebangsaan Bandar Maharani, Muar, Johor


ABSTRACT

In a learning process, weaker pupils will always be left out because they

need a special technique or method to fit their lesson need based on

pupils centred activities so that it can develop their interest to learn.

They also need fun learning activity to increase their focus towards their

teacher’s teaching. Hence, usually these weak pupils will be send to the

remedial class. Therefore, PaPerGam innovation was created to help the

teachers to guide the weaker pupils. The idea came from the advance

pupils in the class that are concern with their friend ability. Besides that,

it will help the weaker pupils to increase their speaking and reading

skills through fun learning. There are 5 types of PaPerGam sets

according to the levels and the teachers are free to choose and use any

type of level according to the pupils need. The pictures provided are

authentic and PaPerGam focused on spelling, building phrases and

generating ideas of making simple sentences based on the pictures. It

does not require long explanation and it is using friendly-recycle concept

where the drinking bottle lids from any colours are used as the token of

the game. PaPerGam was created by using keynote application on

MacBook Air and does not require large cost to be print. PaPerGam is

durable and many pupils can enjoy the game in the class.

Keywords: Papergam, fun learning, student centred learning,

innovation


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CATEGORY A

Engineering & Technology


8

PORTABLE SOLAR FRIDGE

Pushpa Rani Subramani Selvan,

Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil Masai, Johor


ABSTRACT

Solar energy is a sustainable energy. Solar power helps to slow and stop

global warming. Global warming threatens the survival of human

society, as well as the survival of countless species. Solar power is now

very clearly one of the most important solutions to the global warming

crisis. Energy saving and eco friendly portable solar fridge is perfect

appliance to reduce power costs in residential to meet cooling and

freezing needs in remote areas without a power supply. This appliance

saves money and easy to carry. It also helps for keeping food safe and

preserved. Other uses include to keep medical supplies at proper

temperatures in remote locations.

Keywords: solar power, fridge


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LOW COST ECO- FRIENDLY WATER FILTER

Jayamalini Anadcaan@Eaganathan,

Tadika Manja Pintar

Email: hasanah [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Greywater is wastewater from any household source other than toilets.

Greywater makes up roughly 60% of household wastewater. A

greywater recycling system uses water primarily from showers and

bathtubs. It can also capture water from bathroom or wastewater from

the utility sink and washing machine. Wastewater that includes toilet

waste is called black water. Because it contains fecal matter, black water

is not safe for domestic recycling under any circumstances. Some

advantages of recycling greywater are useful during periods of droughts

or water shortage, saves on your water bills, no wastage of water, helps

save useful plants and vegetables when the water supply is very low

and can be used for collecting and using rainwater. The simplest and

cheapest greywater recycling system is to capture shower and bath

water in a bucket and use it to flush a toilet. But take care never to fill the

flush storage tank with greywater as it will start smelling and may clog

the flushing mechanism. Another simple way is to collect the water from

a washing machine in a tub by connecting the outlet to the tub, and

using this water for the garden. There are other, more expensive systems

in the market. But with simple tools you can also create a recycling

system at home or make a small model of it to display at the science fair

or exhibition at school. Recently there was an incident whereby the

residents of the whole state of Selangor Malaysia was struggling

continuesly for 4 days without water due to some water maintenance

job. That’s where we decided to invent something which can give us a

solution.LOW COST ECO-FRIENDLY WATER FILTER. The basic setup

of the invention is setting up two tanks. These two tanks should be

interconnected with a tiny tube. The first tank is sedimentation tank for

oil trap and the second tank is sand planted tank whereby we use

“canna” which has a property to remove phosphates from dishwashing

detergents. The bottom layer of Sand planted filter should filled with

medium size gravel and followed by coarse gravel . The top layer of the


10

tank is coarse sand which is washed several times. This is the setup of

the sand planted filter. The primary tank has a partition whereby the

food particles settledown. .The second part is for oil trap. Place the

greywater into the sedimentation tank. The particles will settledown

gradually . Then the partially treated water goes into sandplanted tank

where it is left for sufficient time to absorb by the plant.The water from

the sand planted filter treated with alam where the negatively charged

choloride particle clum together into flocks which either floats or settle

and can be easily filtered off and to get a better quality. Finally this

water can be used for gardening , landscaping and washing. The results

shows a significant improvement in water quality parameters. The

proposed method is simple hence can be implemented in both urban

and rural household. So identifying an appropriate low energy intensive

cost effective solution for treating and reusing is necessary. The current

study is focused on a wastewater treatment system that is designed for

reuse of kitchen, bathroom and washing machine wastewater. A

physical method of treating waste water has been implemented , making

it eco-friendly and energy efficient.. Conserve Water…. Conserve Life…

Keywords: water filter low cost water filter


11

AUTO BOOK STAND HOLDER

Gunasaundry A/P Masilamany, Kabileshwaran Ganash, Roeswaran

Sandarasagaran, Navieyaa Dusantran, Thejaaswiny Karthigesan,

Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil Pusat Telok Datok, Selangor


ABSTRACT

The auto book stand holder will make displaying books in bookshelf

easier and smarter. This invention will be very useful to home, school

and public library. The auto book stand holder uses a sprng to

displaying books automatically. It will surely help the library related

society in the future.

Keywords: auto book stand holder


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SMART ROLLATER

Muhammad Aliff Bin Faizul Azli,

Sekolah Menengah Sains Hulu Selangor, Selangor


ABSTRACT

Hulu Selangor Science School has chosen to build a Smart Rollator with

a view to facilitating all ages no matter young or old, as well as enhance

the mobility of citizens, especially senior citizens. As we know, most of

the walkers which are available in our country are difficult to carry

everywhere. Therefore, we build Smart Rollator which has wheels and

can be easily separated so that can be easily be carried anywhere. For

example, Smart Rollator can be move easily in a building with no

elevator and allows users to go to the desired place and unrestricted

movement due to its ability.

Keywords: dual function wheelchair


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ARDUINO PREVENT SLEEP SYSTEM

Shahizah Shukri, Muhammad Aiman Hakim, Imran Syauqi Roslan,

Mohamad Shafiq Irfan Mohd Fauzi, Amer Hazman Hamzani,

Muhammad Hazim M. Zahari,

Maktab Rendah Sekolah MARA Taiping, Perak


ABSTRACT

Sleep deprivation is known to be risk factor for car crashes. In a study, it

is estimated that drowsy driving is responsible for 20% of all car crashes

in United States. The Arduino Prevent Sleep ( APS ) system is a product

that will overcome one of the biggest problem involving car accidents,

which is drivers oftenly being sleepy when they are driving that will

result in accident. Being sleepy during driving has been a huge problem

in Malaysia, even though many ways have been introduced such as the

consumption of coffee before driving and chewing sweets during

driving but it doesn’t give that much impact. Arduino system is used to

program the component involved in the product such as Ultrasonic

sensor and buzzer. Drowzy driver oftenly fell asleep during driving. At

that moment, the driver’s head will start to move away from the APS

System that is attached to the driver’s headrest. When the driver’s head

is away from the headrest at a certain range, the Ultrasonic censor will

detect and the buzzer will produce sound to warn the driver.

Keywords: Alarm Arduino Engineering


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RICE VESSELES

Jayalatchume A/P S.Karuppannan,

Kelana Jaya, Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil Kuala Langat, Selangor


ABSTRACT

A relatively new concept is the commercial gas rice vessels. This cookers

use rice vessels to produce a uniformly cooked batch of rice. This rice

vessels is a manual kitchen appliance designed to boil rice. Rice vessels

is one of the must have items, as rice is the principle staple of food across

the nation. The taste of pot boiled rice with its low starch levels and

distractive taste maked it a part of the Indian culinary tradition. We

notice that hardship faced by people in handling the hot rice cooking

pot. We realize that this is a universal problem faced by housewives as

well as caterers who cooked rice in open vessels. As these hot vessels

/pots could not be comfortably held or carried, they faced difficulty in

completely draining off the residual water. There is one more important

factor- the cooking pot. The pot plays an important role in cooking rice

thoroughly and evenly without making it soggy. That’s why we make

this safety and new concept pot to make a healthy eating rice method.

We make a huge solution for all the people around the world who

suffering with cooking rice in pot in unsafety way. Step 1: Buy a pot, a

plate, pipe host. Step 2: Put many holes in the plate. Step 3: Attached the

holder with the plate to carry the plate. Step 4: After that welding the tap

attached with the pot. Step 5: Welding a type of rod inside the pot to

stabilize the plate to not go very deep in the pot. Step 6: Screw up the

flexible host in the tap to realise the drain the soggy water. In Malaysia

Indian’s population is 6.9 and 50% of the Indian’s population is

practising boil and drain method to cook rice. Apart from Indian

community, this method will be beneficial to all races who suffer from

obesity and diabetes problems. This rice vessel can be develop for large

scale usage at places of Hospitals, Restaurants and also in school

canteens. HEALTHY EATING HEALTHY LIVING

Keywords: rice vessels


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BIO-DEGRADABLE FOOD CONTAINER

Nurul Ashikin Binti Zaimi, Asma Binti Addenan, Aimi Qistina Binti

Hanipah, Nurhasya Azrini Binti Rusman

SM Sains Hulu Selangor

Plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic products in the

environment that adversely affects wildlife, wildlife habitat and humans.

Plastics that act as pollutants are categorized into micro-macro debris,

based on size. Plastics are inexpensive and durable, and as a result

levels of plastic production by humans are high. Moreover, the chemical

structure of most plastics renders them resistant to many natural

processes of degradation and as a result they are slow to degrade. Food

containers nowadays contains lots of chemical substances especially the

ingredients they use to make plastic and it is highly toxic for nature and

surrounding. These harmful chemical substances will cause various

effects such as diseases, pollution and even death towards the living

things. Biodegradable food container is an eco-friendly food container

which mainly consists of glycerin, gelatin, corn starch and eggshell. In

this project, we tried to reduce the usage of chemicals substances as the

raw materials for making food containers. Our objective is to introduce a

new healthy alternative for food containers. The users of this

biodegradable food container is same like other food containers but

more eco-friendly. Therefore, we decided to create an eco-friendly food

containers which is cost-saving and also easily made. Thus it can save

our time and at the same time our environment will be less polluted.


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CATEGORY A

Life Sciences & Medicine


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VEGE D JACK

A.Vijeeya Letchumee A/P S. Avediar, Umadevi Arumugam,

Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil Puchong,


ABSTRACT

Waste is the biggest issue in the world which leads to global warming.

Many studies have been done to utilize the waste materials to be applied

in many various applications. Jackfruits seeds and tendrils considered as

the largest waste produced from jackfruit. Jackfruit seeds and tendrils

contain protein, fibre, and minerals which are essential for human

growth and development. Protein is an important building block of

bones, muscles, cartilage, skin, and blood. Fiber improves digestive

health. The aim of this study is to develop a nutritious food from

Jackfruit seeds and tendrils for kids and adults. This Vege D Jack

contains high amount of protein, fiber, Vitamin A and Vitamin E. Per

100g Vege D jack have 14.1g of protein, and 15.8g of fibre. The Vege D

Jack were made in different shape to attract the kids. Vege D Jack also

were tested for microbiology and heavy metal. The results showed that

it’s safe to eat. To test the acceptance level of Vege D Jack, We served the

Vege D Jack to the kids and adults during a birthday party and most of

them liked Vege D Jack .The studies showed that 75% from them liked

the Vege D Jack taste.

Keywords: tropical fruit wastes, fruit waste utilization, high in

nutrients, tested microbiology and heavy metal, safe to eat


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NATURAL HOMEMADE INSECT REPELLENT SACHET

Lueis Mary A/P Balavendram,

Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil Ramakrishna,


ABSTRACT

Natural homemade insect repellent sachet is great for cockroach,

mosquitos, flies and other annoying warm season bugs. Insects such as

cockroaches, ants and flies are present a chronic pest problem to any

household or homeowner as getting rid of them is not an easy task.

Everyone is thus constantly looking for the best ways about how to get

rid of insects. While there is no actual method to completely eradicate

the insects eventough there are some safe and easy ways which can at

least keep them out of our home. The main idea of homemade insect

repellent sachet is to keep them away and kill them at the same time.

Determining the effectiveness of pandan leaves, lemon grass and black

pepper mixture as insect repellent is the main goal of the study. These

natural ingredients is safer and effective for repelling the insects. Using

sachet as observation, one is with the mixture of lemon grass, pandan

leaves and black pepper and the other is without the mixture. In thirty

(30) minutes, one box that without the mixture of lemon grass, pandan

leaves and black pepper, approach by cockroaches but the cockroaches

in the second box with the mixture of lemon grass, pandan leaves and

black pepper is just keep away from the box. The study has found out

that the mixture of pandan leaves, lemon grass and black pepper is an

effective and alternative natural insect repellent. The result of the

present experiment would provide knowledge and information about

pandan leaves, lemon grass and black pepper as insect repellent.

Keywords: homemade sachet


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FEVER REDUCING AND MONITORING DEVICE

Syamalan A/L Ravi, Muhammad Zhafar

St.John’s Institution

In this modern era, thousands of children worldwide feel under the

weather through fever without the home healthcare provided by their

parents. Parents are deprived of free time due to excessive hours of

work. According to Malaysia’s Ministry of Health, reported were 100,000

cases and 231 deaths by Dengue fever in 2017. We have innovated a

compact headband called “The Nurse” which is worn on the child’s

forehead with any stage of fever. The nurse provides a cooling patch in

the headband which cools down the fever through the forehead. The

Nurse is enabled to monitor the child’s body temperature to determine

before reaching the child’s critical point of temperature. It also sends a

notice of the temperature via message (SMS) to the parents’ mobile

phones. It is also supported by an additional device that connects to The

Nurse through a wireless-distant connection called “Medic Box” where

it alarms a reminder to the child to take medicine at the right time. In a

nutshell, we could conclude that our innovative project, “The Nurse”

will cure many children who have higher levels of fever.


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BANANA CEILING BOARD

Zuherly Bin Zolkapali, Siti Nuralisya Qistina bt Hemrizal, Yashwini a/p

Buvaneswaran, Ebi Syakirin bin Aznan, Ain Farisya bt Sharmee

SMK Ibrahim, Sungai Petani, Kedah.

[email protected]

Banana Ceiling Board (BCB) is a project that using the stem of the

banana trees to create an innovative ceiling board. The method used is

by extracting the fiber from the banana stem to be used as a main

ingredient in the making of the green ceiling board. Banana tree can

only produce fruit at one time only and the banana stem is always

dispose without care. By carried out this project, a new ceiling board is

created by using natural disposal and the product formed is better and

more cheaper compared to conventional ceiling board at the market.

Banana Ceiling Board (BCB) is an innovative project than can produced

a more affordable and more effective ceiling board. This new generation

of ceiling board is much more cheap, durable, resistant to heat and

corrosion.

Keywords: Ceiling board, banana, fiber, cool, durable


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PLETHORA PADDY

Madam Hafizuriah Bt Hashim, Miss Lissa Liyana bt Hasmadi, Mr.

Muhammad Muaz Bin Syahrul Nizam, Mr. Muhammad Haziq Hashry

Bin Suhaimi, Miss Ardina Putri Syafeera bt Mohd Amy Azhar,

Muhammad Hafiz Iskandar bt Ismail


[email protected]

1 in 9 people go to bed hungry each night. Our world is facing

CHRONIC HUNGER and they suffer from some form of malnutrition.

Yamen, Ethiopia, Timor-Laste are some of the country that suffers from

hunger issues. We decided to plant paddy which is beneficial to the

human race. Paddy plant produce rice which is the most important

staple food for large of the world population providing more than one

fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by human. Consuming rice

make us feel full than eating other foods. The machine that we invented

in this project is involving systems with its own function, The seedler,

The fertilizer, The harvester, The packaging, The distributor. Plethora

Paddy is an innovative project that can produced affordable rice in

needed area. The paddy produced from the machine can ease the world

hunger issues.

Keywords: Paddy, rice, food, machine


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PRODIGIOUS MUSHROOM MANUFACTORY

Mahzan Bin Mohd Mohidin, Regina Ling Chen Wei, Muhammad

Halimi Danial Bin Mahzan, Muhammad Akif Aiman bin Muhammad

Adib, Nrrhanani binti Jabdullah, Adam Asfa bin Rosman


[email protected]

The main problem humanity face today is world hunger. This issue is

becoming worse with each passing day. World hunger happens mainly

because of the lack of knowledge in handling agriculture fields and the

increasing population of humanity. Although the percentage of people

facing hunger is 1 out of 7 of our population, it is still an important issue

to tackle. Our team hopes to tackle it with our invention, the Prodigious

Mushroom Factory. There are 7 systems in our project that has its own

function and uses. Firstly, there is the water pipe opener to let the water

flow to the sprinklers. There is also an oxidation pipe which will work to

let water flow down into the container and provide oxygen for the fish.

The water sprinklers are to water the mushroom. The railing track is

used for the grabber to move when plucking mushrooms. The plucker is

used to pluck the mushroom from its respective place. The packaging

system packs the collected mushroom in airtight bags. Lastly, the

distribution system distributes the packaged mushroom to the citizens

according to their BMI. Prodigious Mushroom Manufactory is an

innovative project than can produced a more affordable and more

effective vegetable and food distribution.

Keywords: Mushroom, food, self-grown vegetable


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CATEGORY A

Natural Sciences


24

EARTH SAFE BIO-MULCH

Logeswari Murugan, Haris Selvaraju, Mohgiendren Tiruvarasu,

Kanishaa Raja,

Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil Jalan Yahya Awal


ABSTRACT

Earth Safe Bio-Mulch is a layer of material made by recycled eggshells

with psyllium husk, coconut and sugarcane bagasse husk applied to the

surface of soil as mat and stone materials. Reasons for applying mulch

include conservation of soil moisture, improving fertility and health of

the soil, reducing weed growth and enhancing the visual appeal of the

area. This Earth Safe Bio-Mulch forms a layer between the soil and the

atmosphere preventing sunlight from reaching the soil surface, thus

reducing evaporation , it also prevent water from reaching the soil by

absorbing or blocking water from rain. This Earth Safe Bio-Mulches

decay over time and are temporary. The way particular mulch

decomposes and reacts to wetting by rain and dew affects its usefulness.

It is recommended for small and large scale planting projects. The main

aim is to make eco-friendly mulch which can stabilizes soil and reduces

erosion and ideal for sloping sites. The term bio is used to represent the

lifecycle of mulch and biodegradability; able to decay naturally and in a

way that is not harmful to the environment. More obviously, this Earth

Safe Bio-Mulch material also be readily available, affordable, easy to use,

and easy to dispose.

Keywords: Bio-Mulch


25

SOY WASTE-BASED FLOUR

Muhammad Akmal Mirza Shamsuri, Danish Najwan Hasnu, Megat

Syafi Asyraf Mohamad Azdan, Ahmad Shaufi Mohd Yazid

Sekolah Menengah Sains Hulu Selangor, Selangor,


ABSTRACT

On average, 45% of total waste are food waste which are considered

problematic waste. Food waste produce strong foul stench and

contaminate recyclable waste. At landfills, food waste emit strong odor

and greenhouse gases, as well as, toxic leachate which is 100 times

stronger than sewage. Ultimately, separation at source of food waste will

resolve the issue of increasing waste quantity and expenditure and most

importantly reduce environmental impact. One type of food waste

which can be re-used as beneficial product is soy waste, which can be

used as the substitute for wheat flour. Comparing to the original product

(wheat flour), the original one should be a little bit yellow in colour. But,

after adding chemical bleaching substances, which is harmful, into it, the

wheat flour colour changes to white. This method is also used in our

daily food such as bread. Most of us did not realize about these

dangerous chemical substances can cause a lot of bad effects to our body

such as cancer, skin irritation, weak hormone system and many more.

Using the original wheat flour may be harmful in a long run and we

need to find replacement material that is safe and healthy. Because of the

problems stated above, our SEMASHUR’s innovation team created Soy

Waste-Based Flour as a solution. This product is made from dried soy

waste and this can help to reduce environmental impact because we are

re-using waste as resource. The colour of this flour is originally white

and the taste is better compared to that of the ordinary flour that we use.

To make this product, firstly, we put the soybeans waste under the

sunlight for a day to make it dry and easier to blend. After that, we use

the blender and make sure the blender is always dry. Next, we blend the

soybeans waste so it will turn into flour. When the flour is done, we put

it into a container and make sure the container is being sealed tightly. So,

we can prevent the air from coming through. Soy Waste-Based Flour is

suitable for all delicious dishes and we will get a lot of nutrients such as


26

proteins, vitamins, minerals and insoluble fiber which is beneficial to our

body and help us to become healthier. So, our aim is to make sure that

our society nowadays can enjoy their daily food and get the nutrients to

fulfill our body needs .This can help the society to do their daily job

constantly without being worry and tired because soy beans help to

supply more energy. Our main target to use this product is for

housewives and hawkers. In conclusion, society nowadays must change

their eating habit to the better one and learn to apply the 3R concept,

reuse, reduce, and recycle to make the world a better place to live and

being a good example to other countries.

Keywords: soy waste, soy waste-based flour, waste conversion to

beneficial product


27

LOW COST ECO- FRIENDLY WATER FILTER

Jayamalini Anadcaan@Eaganathan,

Tadika Manja Pintar,


ABSTRACT

Greywater is wastewater from any household source other than toilets.

Greywater makes up roughly 60% of household wastewater. A

greywater recycling system uses water primarily from showers and

bathtubs. It can also capture water from bathroom or wastewater from

the utility sink and washing machine. Wastewater that includes toilet

waste is called black water. Because it contains fecal matter, black water

is not safe for domestic recycling under any circumstances. Some

advantages of recycling greywater are useful during periods of droughts

or water shortage, saves on your water bills, no wastage of water, helps

save useful plants and vegetables when the water supply is very low

and can be used for collecting and using rainwater. The simplest and

cheapest greywater recycling system is to capture shower and bath

water in a bucket and use it to flush a toilet. But take care never to fill the

flush storage tank with greywater as it will start smelling and may clog

the flushing mechanism. Another simple way is to collect the water from

a washing machine in a tub by connecting the outlet to the tub, and

using this water for the garden. There are other, more expensive systems

in the market. But with simple tools you can also create a recycling

system at home or make a small model of it to display at the science fair

or exhibition at school. Recently there was an incident whereby the

residents of the whole state of Selangor Malaysia was struggling

continuesly for 4 days without water due to some water maintenance

job. That’s where we decided to invent something which can give us a

solution.LOW COST ECO-FRIENDLY WATER FILTER. The basic setup

of the invention is setting up two tanks. These two tanks should be

interconnected with a tiny tube. The first tank is sedimentation tank for

oil trap and the second tank is sand planted tank whereby we use

“canna” which has a property to remove phosphates from dishwashing

detergents. The bottom layer of Sand planted filter should filled with

medium size gravel and followed by coarse gravel . The top layer of the


28

tank is coarse sand which is washed several times. This is the setup of

the sand planted filter. The primary tank has a partition whereby the

food particles settledown. .The second part is for oil trap. Place the

greywater into the sedimentation tank. The particles will settledown

gradually . Then the partially treated water goes into sandplanted tank

where it is left for sufficient time to absorb by the plant.The water from

the sand planted filter treated with alam where the negatively charged

choloride particle clum together into flocks which either floats or settle

and can be easily filtered off and to get a better quality. Finally this

water can be used for gardening , landscaping and washing. The results

shows a significant improvement in water quality parameters. The

proposed method is simple hence can be implemented in both urban

and rural household. So identifying an appropriate low energy intensive

cost effective solution for treating and reusing is necessary. The current

study is focused on a wastewater treatment system that is designed for

reuse of kitchen, bathroom and washing machine wastewater. A

physical method of treating waste water has been implemented , making

it eco-friendly and energy efficient.. Conserve Water…. Conserve Life…

Keywords: WATER FILTER LOW COST WATER FILTER


29

CATEGORY A

Social Sciences & Management


30

READING LITERACY E-BOOK TO IMPROVE READING

SKILLS AND STUDENT' PARTICIPATION AMONG

REMEDIAL EDUCATION STUDENTS

Gopal R.Mahalingam,

Sekolah Kebangsaan Tenang Stesen, Segamat


ABSTRACT

There is a need to pay attention to reading skills to improve and

encourage Literacy Numeracy Screening (LINUS) students to engage

and be responsible for their own learning. Many studies have shown

that electronic book (e-book) are capable of helping students improve

their reading skills. However, the existing e-book do not emphasize

reading skills. In addition, the e-book have failed to sustain students’

attention in learning because they are not empowered with e-book

elements such as challenges, opportunities, stimulants, narrative and

design. These issues indirectly have limited active participation of

pupils. Thus, in this research, Reading Literacy E-Book were developed

to improve LINUS students’ reading skills, increase participation, and

increase interest in reading literacy. The respondents in this study were

selected based on purposeful sampling whereby 60 students with

reading problems were grouped as the control and experimental groups.

Data were collected through pre-test and post-test, and observation and

questionnaire were included for the experimental group. The results,

showed that the mean value of the post test for experimental group was

57.37 whereas the control group had 25.47. In addition, the results of the

validated observations found that the students from the experimental

group were actively involved and enthusiastic during the process of

learning to read. Findings from the questionnaire proved that the

students were interested in reading literacy and showed that the

Reading Literacy E-Book were effective in helping LINUS students

master reading skills. The findings have proven that this e-book can be

used as a main tool to learn reading literacy for LINUS students who are

experiencing complications in acquiring the reading skills.

Keywords: Electronic Book, reading skills, participation, interest


31

SPEAKING ELECTRONIC STORY BOOK

Jivendra Pandian,

SJKT Ladang Segamat,


ABSTRACT

This research was conducted to overcome the problem of storytelling

skills among students. This study was conducted at a Tamil school in the

district of segamat, located in remote areas. Mastery of Storytelling is an

important skill in language teaching and learning, especially in Tamil.

Storytelling Skills is the basic thing that every student needs to master

one and two level. Student failure in mastering these storytelling skills is

because students can not tell the truth using the right techniques. Data

collection was conducted through Pre-Test, Post Test and questionnaire.

The results of the pre-test data analysis and the questionnaire showed

that students were less familiar with the storytelling skills. With that, a

total of thirteen activities have been conducted to address the problem of

storytelling skills. The findings have proven that the actions taken have

been able to improve storytelling skills.

Keywords: Speaking Electronic Story Book


32

CATEGORY B



33

NITROGEN PLASMA TREATMENT TO

SUPERHYDROPHILIC PROPERTIES OF GLASS COATED BY

POLYSTYRENE AS BUILDING TEMPERATURE REDUCER

BASED WATER EVAPORATOR

Gigih Satriyo Wibowo, Moch. Rizky WIjaya, Muhammad Rikza

Maulana, Masruroh,

Brawijaya University,


ABSTRACT

Non-inverter AC has consumes high power about 400-600 Watt per

hour. High power consumption because heavy workload of AC.

Superhydophilic glass can reduce heavy workload of AC. Wettness

properties of glass can be modify by nitrogen plasma treatment. It say to

be superhydophilic if has low contact angle value of water less than 10o.

Superhydrophilic glass will be used as building glass and use it as a

temperature room reducer based water evaporation. Water will be stick

on glass surface. Water is deposited into building glass will be

evaporating to the environment so there will be heat transfer from room

to environment and temperature inside room will be decrease. Decrease

temperature makes low workload of AC and more efficient energy of

building. 3% of polystyrene solution is deposited to glass surface to form

a thin film. Then it is annealed by oven for 1 hour at 100 degree Celsius.

Glass with thin film of polystyrene was given nitrogen plasma treatment

with pressure, power, and time variations. The result of research is glass

surface with nitrogen plasma treatment of 40 W, pressure is 0,3 torr, and

time of nitrogen plasma treatment is 15 minutes got results contact angle

of water is 6,45 degree.

Keywords: Nitrogen plasma, thin film of polystyrene, glass,

superhydrophilic


34

SMOFIM : SMOKED FISH MACHINE BASED SOLAR CELL

WITH IMPLEMENTATION OF EXHAUST FILTER TO

REDUCE CO, CO2 AND HC EMISSIONS INTEGRATED

ANDROID MOBILE IOT (INTERNET OF THINGS) AS AN

EFFORT TO EFFICIENT AND ECO-FRIENDLY OF FISH

PRESERVING IN YOGYAKARTA

Rizal Justian Setiawan, Mahda Enja Al Hudha, Kristina Kristina, Metria

Subehi,

Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia


ABSTRACT

Parangtritis Beach is an area in Yogyakarta which provides a lot of

fishery resources. Fish is one of animal protein sources which is widely

consumed by society. However, fish is very quickly to decay. Hence,

preservation process is needed. According to FAO, tropical countries

often preserve fish in such an alternative way by using smoking method

to increase the economy of the society. This method has a percentage of

30%, and smoked fish has now become as a special dish (in the society).

The commonly used smoking technology is using non-eco-friendly

curing stoves due to the black and thick smoke output, most people are

still using traditional ways that take a long time. In addition, the

production and efficiency of smoking in fish is also low, making it

extremely difficult to produce high quality smoke fish (Marasabessy

Ismael and Royani DS, 2014). Based on that, fish preservation technology

must be developed with the smoking method is effective and

environmentally friendly. Research methods used in the SMOFIM

manufacture is research and development (R&D). The results of this

research is the SMOFIM (Smoke Fish Machine) that works using

renewable energy from sunlight with the utilization of a solar cell for

energy in the operation of light, electric motor and blower. These

components have Android-based Automatic Control of Internet of

Things (IoT) to simplify the operation. SMOFIM uses a smoke filter by

using a filter from shrimp shell waste to reduce CO2, CO and HC

pollution from smoke of burning result. This innovation is expected to


35

improve the economy of fishermen community by making fish smoking

as a solution of fish preservation that is cheap, effective and

environmentally friendly, as well as development of indigenous cuisine

at Parangtritis beach.

Keywords: Filter, Fish, Internet of Things, Smoking, Solar Cell


36

FASTER FROVER (FAST WRAPPER AND POSITIONING

MARKER FRUIT COVER)

Muhammad Rikza Maulana, Satrio Wiradinata Riady Boer, Adin Okta

Triqadafi, Fikriya Novita Sari, Firda usi,

University Of Brawijaya,


ABSTRACT

Now, fruits are high-prospecting agricultural commodities. This is

because the number of production and market demand continues to

increase. There are many types of fruit that often become market target.

One of them is guava fruit. This is evident from the results of the area of

the harvest is very rapidly increasing. In 2016, the area of guava fruit

harvest in Indonesia reached 26,769 Ha which was originally only 8,864

Ha in 2015 (Badan Pusat Statistik dan Direktorat Jendral Holtikultura,

2017). In the Kampung Inggris of Kediri Indonesia, a group of farmers

led by Mr. Abu Thoyib cultivated guava fruit for commercial purposes.

With a total area of 3,562,5 square meters, they managed to produce

almost 21 tons of fruit every 14 months in 3 times the harvest time from

522 productive trees that bear fruit. However, they always experience a

loss almost 5 tons of fruit every 14 months in 3 times the harvest due to

rotten fruit. Unlike other farmer groups, they wrap the fruit manually

with plastic when the fruit is still 2 weeks old which serves to avoid their

plants from pest attack instead of pesticide use. The average fruit that

can be wrapped by farmers is 1,000 pieces per person per day. This is the

main cause of the number of rotten fruits. This is evident from the

number of fruit attacked by pests causing rotteness before it could be

wrapped by the farmers. In addition, fruit maturity examination is also

considered slow. Not only that, the slow working system causes the

market demand of 5 tons per 3 days during the harvest season can not be

fulfilled. Based on the problems faced by farmers, we offer innovations

based on digital technology called FASTER FROVER (Fast Wrapper and

Positioning Marker Fruit Cover). This tool is intended to facilitate fruit

farmers to wrap the fruit with plastic when it was 2 weeks old. Based on


37

the main objective as a technology innovation wrapping, this tool has a

locking system used to lock the plastic to be strong when applied to the

fruit. In addition to the locking system, this tool is also equipped with

GPS so it can record the time and location of plastic when the farmers do

the wrapping so that it is useful to facilitate the farmers in the future to

know the maturity and location of the fruit is ready to be harvested

without having to go to the field directly. To that end, the results of the

record will be inputted in the form of data. The data obtained will be

stored in the memory card so that later can be mapped on smartphone

owned by the farmers.

Keywords: Guava, Pesticide, Wrapper


38

DIFODEAF (DICTIONARY FOR DEAF)

Anjas Pramono, Dennis Ievan Hakim, Alif Alamsyah Yudhanto, Jauhar

Bariq Rachmadi, Avisena Abdillah Alwi,

University Of Brawijaya,


ABSTRACT

The existence of difable in our society is need to get an awareness,

remember, the value of difable in some develop country is so high the

example is in Malaysia, Indonesia, India etc. Based on data from

Statistics Indonesia (BPS) in 2014, people with disabilities in Indonesia

almost 3 million people. But, the problem is the majority of society is not

give a respect, and awareness. This is because the education in society

about difable people is very low. The majority of difable is a deaf. The

importance of non-verbal language can share of three functions are the

specific communication meaning, the delivery of messages, and plays an

important role in speech so that it can help the occurrence of effective

communication. Majority of deaf difficult to communicate with normal

people. This is because majority of society is can not use (sign language).

And the impact of this problem is deaf get isolate and have a DIFODEAF

(dictionary for deaf) is a mobile phone application based on android

version. DIFODEAF can help normal people to communicate with deaf.

The results of this application can change the word, sentences, and

characters into image. Beside of that, this application can help normal

people to study about (sign language). DIFODEAF can change english

word to be an illustration picture and user can (practice) and also we

hope with this application the problem of deaf person to communicate

can solved, and we hope DIFODEAF can make society more aware

about the existence of difable.

Keywords: difable, application, sign language, communicate


39

TELEPRESENCE & CONTROL TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTS

Muhammad Ragialla,

Segi University,


ABSTRACT

Telepresence is the use of virtual reality technology to create a sensation

of being present in a remote environment, allowing humans to be

immersed in the remote environment making them see, explore and feel

what is happening. In this paper, a cheap telepresence and control

system is proposed that can be used to control small robots remotely

enabling the user to be the pilot of the robot. This is accomplished

through the use of inertia measurement unit (IMU) attached to a head-

mounted display. The head motion patterns are processed by a

microcontroller and transferred to the robot where a stereo camera

mounted onto a gimbal will replicate the users head movements in real

time. The gimbal will be able to move with two degrees of freedom- the

roll and the yaw. The resulting stereo video will be transmitted to the

head-mounted display (HMD). To provide for a more immersive

experience, the system is equipped with a data glove that a user can put

on and control the motion of the robot with his/her hand gesture. The

system would enable the user to move a robot remotely using natural

hand movements, which could be tracked by the data glove and

translated into up to six degrees of freedom commands that would then

be sent to the remote robot. This would facilitate operation when

compared to commercially available controller methods, as it would

immerse the user in the robot’s environment. Secondary means of

controlling a robot, e.g. game controller or steering wheel, are also

provided for the user to toggle to if need be. The end result of this

project is to develop a system that can be easily implemented onto

moving robots, wheeled robots (robot cars), flying robots (drones) etc.

and enable the user to be both present in the robot’s environment and

interact with it easily and conveniently without physically being in it.

Keywords: Telepresence Robot Data Glove Head-mounted Display

Control Gimba


40

IN-MINDED (INTEGRATED MACHINE FAST

FERMENTATION OF LEMNA MINOR SP. AS HIGH-

PROTEIN FEED)

Daman Budi Priyanto, Hermin, Muhamad Ainul Yaqin, Shifaaun

Najihah, Lina Nur Faizah,

University of Brawijaya,


ABSTRACT

Fish is an easy source of animal protein and its cultivation has spread

throughout the region. The type of fish that is farmed a lot is catfish,

because the market demand never goes down. Catfish is a fish that is

easy to be cultivated. However, there are some obstacles experienced by

catfish breeders in the cultivation of catfish, such as catfish requires a lot

of food, expensive feed costs, there is no alternative food that has

balanced nutrition, making alternative feed that takes a long time.

Lemna minor is a local species that is high in protein and good for fish

growth. This plant has been known by the community as an addition to

animal feed, but its utilization is still very minimal. Based on the results

of the study, protein levels in the minor Lemna will increase if it has

been fermented. But the catfish breeders do the conventional

fermentation and takes 2x24 hours to get maximum results. Therefore,

we offer a creative technology called IN-MINDED (Integrated Mechine

Fast Fermentation of Lemna minor sp. As High Protein Feed). This tool

is a specially designed bioreactor to provide optimum conditions in

Lemna minor sp fermentation. using the principle of Continous Culture.

IN-MINDED is a fish feeding tool that has been integrated with

temperature control system and pH sensor, so it can provide optimum

temperature in the fermentation process so that it can shorten the

fermentation time to only 8 hours. Besides being used to ferment Lemna

minor sp. , IN-MINDED can be used to ferment anything that requires

optimum temperature and anaerobic state.

Keywords: bioreactor, fermentation, catfish, Lemna minor sp., protein


41

PREDICTING THE STOCK PRICES IN BURSA MALAYSIA

USING SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF CROWDSOURCED

DATA

Hor Weng Liang, Goh Wei Xiang, Nor Musfirah binti Damla,

University of Malaya


ABSTRACT

This study presents the development of a system for predicting stock

prices in Bursa Malaysia to guide traders in making a good decision in

trading during the dividend announcement period. Big data analysis is

conducted in this study by creating a crowdsourcing module that

gathers news and announcements from the traders. This pool of

crowdsourced data is fully utilised in machine-learning method to learn

and cover more issues found in the news and announcements media.

Examples of news, announcements and trading issues include: change in

the members of Board of Directors, dividend announcement, political

factors, and global socio-economic factors. This system is also aimed at

notifying stock traders on the predicted stock price that is calculated

based on the sentiment score determined by the crowdsourcing module

of the system. There are three main modules in this system –

crowdsourcing, sentiment analysis, and machine-learning modules. The

crowdsourcing module focuses on textual information and reviews

during the dividend period. Textual information such as official

announcements from a public listed company, stock news in the digital

media and analyses by stock experts are crowdsourced by crowd

workers and posted in the system. To acquire vast amount of

crowdsourced data to ensure higher accuracy, the incentives and

gamification method is used to entice crowd workers to obtain data

points needed in this study. These include the news, announcements

and stock analyses by the stock experts. The “Bag of Words (BOW)”

model is used to perform sentiment analysis and it focuses on English

words only, and makes no attempt to actually understand the structure

of the language. The main datasets used in the machine-learning module

are the sentiment scores and textual information datasets. The stock


42

market dataset consists of the stock prices of listed companies in the oil

and gas sector for the period from January 2007 to January 2017, which

includes information on the day stamp, stock prices and volume of

stocks sold on each day. The average of the total sentiment scores is

calculated should there be more than one sentiment scores in a day. On

the other hand, if there is no sentiment score on a particular day, the

sentiment score will be estimated using historical data. The techniques

used in estimating the scores include artificial neural network and time

series. The datasets are normalised using a set of formulas, and then sent

to a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model for training and fine-

tuning using Reinforcement Learning. TensorFlow – a suitable choice for

RNN – is used to predict the stock market prices that can specify

mathematical operations as elements in a graph of data, variables and

operators. The results show that company news and announcements

have significant effect on the stock prices of the oil and gas companies as

the prices move broader than the range of 0-1%, which is the benchmark

of the normal range of daily price movement.

Keywords: Stock, Sentiment analysis, Bursa Malaysia, Machine

Learning, Dividend


43

DISASTER DETECTION SYSTEM OF FOREST FIRE AND

LANDSLIDES (DEESFOLA) BASED ON ANDROID AS AN

EFFORT TO MINIMIZE THE IMPACT AND CASUALTIES

OF DISASTER

Rizka Sisna Riyanti, Bagas Priyo Hadi Wibowo,



ABSTRACT

National Board for Disaster Management (BNPB) in Indonesia has

recorded 2.341 disasters that happened in 2017. There were 96 cases of

forest and land fire, 76 cases of flood which were followed by landslide,

and etcetera. A vast expanse of forest surrounds Indonesia and it seems

definite that forest has big risk for many disasters, such as forest

conflagration and landslide. As a country which has tropical climate and

be located in equatorial zone, Indonesia has two seasons. They are dry

season and rainy season. On dry season, there will be rising of

temperature and put many hot spots in an appearance, especially on

peat moss soil which often be flammable. On rainy season, heavy rainfall

often attacks and makes soil humidity in the forest increase faster. If the

humidity is more than 50% in land with slope more than 40% with clay

dominant texture we have to be wary of landslide in that area

(Hardiyatmo, 2012). Landslide was a disaster which carried the highest

illness and death people in 2017 (BNPB, 2017). As an effort to raise

vigilance to the disasters above, we propose an innovation called

DESFOLA (Disaster Detection System of Forest Fire and Landslides).

DESFOLA is a disaster detection system with a radio frequency as

communication media. DESFOLA consists of two parts. They are Sensor

Point and Server Point. Sensor Point will be put in certain points inside

the forest, whereas the Server Part will be put around the forest or in

settlement which has internet networking. The sensor consists of

temperature, gas, and fire sensor to detect the existence of forest fire,

also moisture sensor as landslide detector. All sensors will record and

send the result into server using radio frequency from LORA module

which can extend to tens of kilometer. In order to maximize the work of

system, data dispatch will be carried out point to point, from one sensor


44

system to the others. All data that received by server will be sent into

cloud as central of database through internet. By android application,

condition of forest can be observed and monitored on real-time and

easier. It’s also equipped with alert system. DESFOLA is highly expected

to be appropriate innovative technology, so it can decrease impact and

disaster potential.

Keywords: Forest Fire, Landslides, Android, Cloud


45

SENSOR (SMART ENERGY FROM MILK SORTATION)

Muhammad Syarifuddin,



ABSTRACT

Man needs electrical energy to meet the needs of his life. According to

the Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology (BBPT), PT

PLN has not been able to meet the electricity needs of the Indonesian

people as a whole. The number of people who have not access to

electricity has reached 87.69 million people. Considering that electrical

energy is generally derived from non-renewable fossil energy sources

and a high number of non-renewable energy users induces authors to

explore new, innovative, alternative energy sources that are easy to

obtain. One of the technologies that can be a new alternative energy

source, namely Microbial Fuel Cell. Microbial Fuel Cell (MFCs), is a

technology of electrical energy by utilizing natural bacterial interactions.

SENSOR is an electrical energy generating device that utilizes electron

and proton activity by bacteria on MFCs technology from milk waste

sorting as substrate by combining digital technology in its operation.

This authors use descriptive method with qualitative approach with

primary and secondary data retrieval. Sorting milk that is input into

chamber and then added oxidator will generate voltage, voltage

generated from MFCs is DC voltage then diinveter with DC specification

12 V to AC 220 V 500 W which have 95% efficiency level of voltage so as

to produce electrical energy. The android digital application system can

control the temperature, voltage and there are buttons on and off

digitally. In this application, later also developed in the form of

interfaces or graphics so that users can more easily in using it. So with

the existence of SENSOR can be a solution of electrical energy in an area

that has a lot of milk sortasi but still weak in its energy source, such as in

District of Pacet, Mojokerto.

Keywords: Andorid Applications, Microbial Fuel Cell (MFCs), Sorting

Milk


46

CATEGORY B



47

BIO-ACO (BIOSPRAYER AGERATUM CONYZOIDES) : AN

INNOVATION OF HERBAL ANTISEPTIC FROM

‘BANDOTAN’ LEAF AS SOLUTION TO WOUND HEALING

ON THE SKIN

Hanafiah Ali, Ghani Arrasid, Mutiara Annisa Widodo, Fajar Meirani,

Assabiq Yudhy Avanda,

Yogyakarta State University


ABSTRACT

Incidence rates of injuries are increasing every year, both acute and

chronic wounds. A recent study in the United States shows the

prevalence of patients with injuries is 3.50 per 1000 population. Based on

Riskesdas Data (2013), the proportion of injuries or kinds of trauma

injuries in Indonesia is dominated by scratching/ bruising of 70.9%,

sprains (27.5%) and tear wounds (23.2%). Treatment of wounds

especially those infected with synthetic drugs has evolved and many

discoveries of various chemicals as antibacterial. Treatment with natural

herbs attracts the attention of experts in the medical field as an

alternative supplementary which is more potential, cheaper, safer,

smallside effects relatively, and guaranteed availability. One of the

supplements used is the utilization of plant natural ingredients, namely

bandotan leaf (Ageratum conyzoides) which contains compoundsof

tannin, flavonoid and saponin as antibacterial compounds (Prawira,

2013). Thus, a new innovation is present in processing this bandotan leaf

in the form of herbal sprayer. The purpose of this study is to determine

the analysis of Antiseptic Bio-Sprayer Ageratum conyzoides becomes a

natural antiseptic product without side effects and know the process of

marketing products to get more profit for sustainability business. The

usability of this product is able to overcome minor injuries to the skin,

pain on the skin, as an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and overcome the

itches caused by insect bites.

Keywords: herbal sprayer, bandotan leaf, wound


48

PEEL OFF MASK BASED ETHOSOME GRAPESEED OIL

(VITIS VINIFERA) AND ORANGE PEEL EXTRACT (CITRUS

SINENSIS) AS ANTI-AGING AND WHITENING

Diana Aulia Rahmawati, Dio Giovanni & LSIM,



ABSTRACT

The tropical country with high-intensity radiance can affect much of skin

problems such as premature aging and hyperpigmentation. Premature

aging and hyperpigmentation can be solved using peel off mask based

on 10% grape seed essential and 255.10 μg/ ml orange peels. Those active

ingredients will be formulated to nano size particle used by sonication

method. Based on the literature, essential oil of grape seed has

antioxidative properties such as galat acid, catechins, epicatechins, and E

vitamin. Antioxidant properties also used to maintain collagen and

elastin concentration. Orange peels extraction used as whitening because

it has whitening compound as tyrosinase inhibitor so the production of

melanin is halted. Flavonoid compound in orange peels extraction such

as nobiletin, naringin, and neohespiridin identified as the tyrosinase

inhibitor. Based on the literature, 255,10 μg/ ml of lemon peels extract

yield 50% of the inhibitory activity of tyrosinase enzyme. So peel off

mask based on grapeseed oil and orange peel extraction, potentially

used as anti-aging and whitening.

Keywords: Grapeseed oil, Orange Peel Extract, Anti-aging, Whitening,

Nano peel off mask.


49

TBA (TRICHO-BACTERIA AGENTS) BIOLOGICAL

FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY WITH THE UTILIZATION OF

TOFU LIQUID WASTE AS AN EFFORT TO REALIZE THE

FOOD SECURITY (CASE STUDY IN NGIJO,

KARANGPLOSO, MALANG)

Alwan Afif Fadhillah, Yaman Udayef Nasution, Afier Jinda Tamimi,

Nurul Ariani,



ABSTRACT

The implementation of biological fertilizer is according to farmer

necessity, stakeholder to increase crop production and suppress disease

that cause economic losses and can be solution for revegetation of

former mining land. Therefore, to know specifically of land problem,

then this knowledge can be used as reference to run the industry in

accordance with these conditions. TBA (Tricho-Bacteria Agent) is a bio-

fertilizer technology based on Trichoderma sp. and beneficial bacteria,

this technology can provide benefits with effective and efficient practical

applications for plants cultivation and land reclamation programs at

affordable prices. Thus, TBA products can give optimal benefits for all

parties. The general target of this program is to produce and sell TBA as

well as provide high profit for stakeholders. Meanwhile, for our special

target is to obtain the legality of fertilizer production and use operation,

create scientific articles and get TBA patents. Tofu liquid waste which

has a high content of organic material can be the basis of making

biological fertilizer. The content of organic matter is up to 40-60%

protein, 25-50% carbohydrate, and 10% fat. This content can be utilized

as a medium for beneficial microorganism development. Therefore, the

authors try to add value to these waste by way of processing it into high

value bio-fertilizer. The way of making this bio-fertilizer is starts from

getting the tofu liquid waste from result of tofu factory process in

Takeran, Ngijo village, Malang. This liquid waste, which initially by the

factory is directly discharged into the river without processing or

utilization, will be directly channeled to reservoirs that has been

prepared as a liquid waste place. This liquid waste will pass through 2


50

stages of the filter before it is used as a breeding media of biological

agents. There are two reservoirs laid around the liquid waste disposal

pipes, the first reservoir is use for temporary shelter. The second

reservoir is a modified tank that use for fermentation (biodegradation of

biological agents). After that, tofu liquid waste will enter into the last

tank (reservoir) that use as a fermentation space of biological fertilizer

breeding. The last step, is addition of several isolates of biological

fertilizer into the second modified tank, this isolate biological fertilizer

mixed with tofu liquid waste with a ratio of 1:1 and molasses with a

ratio of 50:50 to obtain a consortium solvent of biological agents. Then,

the consortium solvent of biological agent is stand for at least 3-5 days

until the solvent is turbid and release bubbles, after that the solvent is

stirred. Bio-fertilizer from waste processing can also be functioned to

maintain the environment, especially to control the condition of soil,

control pests and diseases that attack crops. This potential is supported

by the location of the area that located in the agricultural area that

require sustainable biological fertilizer. In addition, this biological

fertilizer can also be used as a superior product sociopreneur-based to

improve public welfare.

Keywords: Tofu Liquid Waste, Biological Agent, Bio-fertilizer


51

MOCO (MORINGA FEAT COFFEE CHERRIES):

HERBADRINK MEDICINE FOR FREE RADICAL

PREVENTION AND INCREASING HUMAN HEALTH

Lefi Unsiyyati, Rizki Sofia Febriana, Amarullah Naufal, Ishlahul Munir,

Alfi Inayati,



ABSTRACT

In general, traditional medicine that made from natural ingredients

(herb) is only used as a family medicine. Although the benefits of these

natural ingredients are high enough to improve health, not many people

applied them. This is due to low interest in taking traditional medicine

that seems impractical and has a bitter taste. People prefer to consume

chemical drugs that seems more practice (instant) and its easy to find

them too. Negatively, consume chemical drugs has bad side effects for

the body in the long term. Based on the problems, it takes a solution for

improving nutrition and human health through natural ingredients that

available in Indonesia and practice to consume. Indonesia has many

herbal plants as natural ingredients that play a role in improving public

health. One of the herbs that rich of benefits is Kelor (Moringa oleifera).

Moringa leaves are rich in nutrients, including calcium, iron, protein,

vitamin A, vitamin B, and vitamin C. In addition, Moringa leaves also

contain phytochemical substances such as tannins, steroids,

triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones and alkaloids that

can used as an antibiotic drug, anti-inflammatory, detoxification and

antibacterial (Ola, 2017). In other condition, Indonesia is also a big coffee

producer. However, the utilization of coffee plants is still not maximal.

Most people only use the coffee beans to be beverage and throw the

coffee cherries or coffee bean shells. In fact, coffee cherries that often

regarded as waste has benefits and antioxidant content that is good for

health, one of which is the prevention of free radicals. Seeing these

conditions, the author initiated an idea in making a nutritious and

healthy beverage that liked by kids to adults. This baverage is a brewed

beverage made from moringa leaves and coffee cherries that allready

dried, made in ready-to-brewed packaging, so it is practical to serve. The

existence of a combination of natural ingredients such as moringa leaves


52

and cherries of coffee that formulated will add flavor without

eliminating the benefits.

Keywords: Kelor, Coffee Cherries, Herbadrink, Medicine, Health


53

NANO ZEOCID (NANO ZEOLITE AND ASCORBIC ACID

ACTIVE PAD): AN INOVATION OF ETHYLENE ABSORBER

AND OXYGEN SCAVANGER IN ORDER TO PROLONG

THE SHELF LIFE OF BANANA (MUSA PARADISIACA) BY

USING NANOFICATION METHOD

Siti Fatimah Kumala Dewi, Linda Novitasari, Anjastari Nur Aisyah,



ABSTRACT

Banana (Musa paradisiaca) is one of the horticultural commodities that

has a climacteric nature where metabolism activities are still in progress

despite being harvested. One of the metabolic activities is respiration,

that affects the fruit ripening process and increases the production of

ethylene compounds. As a result, the shelf life of bananas become lower

compared to other fruits commodities, which is only 6-8 days of shelf

life. Therefore, post-harvest research technology is needed as a solution

to prolong shelf life of bananas by combining zeolite and ascorbic acid as

an ethylene absorbent and oxygen scavenger using nanotechnology

method. Zeolites have the properties to bind ethylene compounds.

Meanwhile on ascorbic acid, oxygen is used to oxidize L-ascorbic acid so

that the presence of O2 will decrease, as a result respiration process will

also decrease. The use of nanotechnology methods is to minimize the

particle size and expand the contact area with ethylene and oxygen

compounds, and able to maximize the process. Through a Randomized

Block Design with 3 repetitions, the factors used were zeolite and

ascorbic acid concentrations of 0%, 0.3% and 0.6%, respectively.

Observations include color parameters by color reader, appearance,

starch content, texture by tensile strength, also SEM and PSA testing to

determine the surface shape and particle size of "Nano-Zeocid". The

results showed the best formulation are zeolite and ascorbic acid

concentrations 0.6% by weight of banana respectively and can maintain

up to 18 days with 7.8 Newton of texture value. Based on absorption test

results, the absorption value of "Nano-Zeocid" was 315,0292 mg / g. The

particle size of Nano-zeocid was averaged less than 100 nm.


54

Keywords: Ascorbic Acid, Banana, Nano Zeocid, Nanotechnology,

Zeolite


55

JUS BUNAKEN (JUS BUAH NAGA KEMOPREVENTIF):

IMPROVEMENT OF KEMOPREVENTIF DRAGON FRUIT

JUICES (Hylocereus polyrhizus) USING ENZYME PROTEASE

RESULTS FROM PAPAYA FRUIT

Adi Febrianto, Faulia Zahro Alifiana, Amila Safira Putri, Ajeng Mareta

Astiyani, Femi Tasani,



ABSTRACT

In the handling of cancer required a breakthrough to treat it. Therapy

using chemo preventive agent i.e. compounds that can inhibit and

pressing process of carcinogenesis in human beings so that the growth of

cancer can be prevented. One of the compounds that are able to inhibit

the process of carcinogenesis either in vitro or in vivo the compounds

are flavonoids. Dragon fruit or dragon fruit is one of the tropical fruits

containing levels of flavonoids. On Dragon fruit antioxidant levels of

flavanoid and can be improved by using an enzyme that is the enzyme

protease. These enzymes can be obtained from the results of isolation of

the fruit of the papaya. As for the methods that do it namely combining

the results of isolation of the papaya enzyme has varied simply applied

with Dragon fruit juice. That combination is a enzimatis reaction that

will result in high levels of flavonoids. Juice mixing results will be tested

by LC-MS and DPPH. By increasing the levels of flavonoids in fruit

juices is expected to become effective on chemopreventive agent for one

of the treatment of the disease cancer.

Keywords: chemopreventive, dragon fruit, enzyme protease


56

TASIK (TANSAH RESIK): BUSINESS INNOVATION WET

WIPES WITH USE OF KERSEN LEAF (MUNTINGIA

CALIBRA) AND PIPER BETLE (PIPER BETLE) EXTRACT AS

NATURAL ANTIBACTERY

Eki Argiansyah, Nurlinda Rifqia Zuharoh, Putri Damayanti Widodo,

Ghufron Wahyu Priyo Cahyono,



ABSTRACT

Along with technological advances have been found a practical and

effective technology without using soap and water, namely wet wipes.

Wet wipes have the utility to clean the dirty parts of body when pressed

like on the way. Kleenex is a product with high consumption level in

household life. Increasing community mobility is also a contributing

factor to the consumption of wet wipes. The practicality of hygiene

offered during mobility is main motive for consumers to purchase this

product. However, wet wipes currently on the market contain lots of

synthetic chemicals such as methylisothiazolinone (MI) which can cause

irritation and other synthetic chemicals. So it takes wet wipes product

with the content of natural ingredients that are safe for human body.

TASIK (Tansah Resik) is a wet wipes product made from betel leaf and

kersen leaf to be the solution of need natural wet wipes safe for human.

Kersen leaf and kersen leaf contain organic chemicals and non-sticky

and will not cause harmful effects on human skin. With the presence of

this product on market is expected to be a trendsetter natural wet wipes

products that are safe for humans and the price can be reached by

community.

Keywords: Natural, TASIK (Tansah Resik), Wet Wipes


57

PIONIT (PURIFIER USED COOKING OIL TREATMENT)

INNOVATION AND UTILIZATION OF MORINGA SEEDS

AND BANANA PEELS IN HEALTHY HOUSEHOLDS

Lefi Unsiyyati, Alfi Inayati, Maulida Mardhatillah, Andreas Lorenzo,

Raphael Pardede, Ermando Mahendra Krisna,



ABSTRACT

Cooking oil is a basic need that has become a dependency for Indonesian

people. According to the Central of Indonesia Statistics (2016), Susenas

data for the first Quarter of 2013 and Quarter I 2014, the average per

week consumption of cooking oil per capita in 2013 is 0.197 liters/week

and in 2014 increased to 0.205 liters/week. Where the data does not

include consumption outside the household such as restaurants /

restaurants, hotel consumption, catering, institutions. Cooking oil is

widely used as a food fryer medium that serves to deliver heat, adds

taste and calories in food. The habit that people often do is use cooking

oil that has been used repeatedly. Utilization of cooking oil both in

industries and households used repeatedly, producing used oil or so-

called used cooking oil or waste cooking oil that containing high fatty

acids. The use of fry cooking oil, often based on the reason to save

money. In fact, the security of oil for health becomes an issue of the use

of cooking oil. Waste oil used for frying food can form free radicals due

to product degradation, which causes changes in organs such as weight

gain of liver and kidney organs and the emergence of various diseases

such as cancer, obesity, and hypertension (Rukmini, 2007). Since

processing, the process of oil damage lasts until it is ready to be

consumed, where it causes the affected quality and nutritional value of

the food during the frying process. The damaged oil will damage the

vitamins and essential fatty acids contained in the oil of the ingredients,

resulting in less attractive appearance and unpleasant taste (Ketaren,

2008). The greater free fatty acids, the lower the quality of the cooking oil

and the greater use of active charcoal ratios can decrease by 10% (Nasir

et al., 2014). Therefore, through the International Society of Innovation

Methods, we proposed a system called PIONit (Portable Purifier Used


58

Cooking Oil Treatment) (Purifier Used Cooking Oil Treatment)

Innovation in the Utilization of Moringa Seeds and Banana Peels in

Healthy Households. PIONit is a tool that combines several ingredients

that are arranged in stages, which can reduce free fatty acids and

peroxide numbers in cooking oil. So, PIONit-it is expected to improve

the quality of cooking oil as an economical and healthy household

solution.

Keywords: Used Cooking Oil, Moringa Seeds, Banana Peels, Healthy


59

CHITO-PACK: MODIFIED PERIODONTAL DRESSING

WITH HEAD-SHRIMP WASTE (LITOPENAEUS

VANNAMEI) CHITOSAN AS WOUND HEALING

ACCELERATOR

Dewiayu Dewang, Fikha Dwisari, Mutiaranisa Safitri, Yunita Feby

Ramadhany, Paramita Koriston,

Hasanuddin University


ABSTRACT

Background: Periodontal disease is the second most common oral

disease in Indonesia with the prevalenceof 95,58%. One of periodontal

treatments is periodontal surgery with periodontal dressing as

mechanical protection in post-surgical treatment. Generally, periodontal

dressings only assist healing proccess by protecting the tissue rather

than providing healing factor and have no currative properties. Chitosan

is a natural amino-polysaccharide found in the waste of shrimp

exoskeleton, which has high potential in wound healing. Periodontal

dressing modification with chitosan could be an innovation in

accelerating wound healing after periodontal surgery. Objective: To

determine the histological (PMN, and fibroblast) wound healing

enhancement on post-periodontal surgical wounds. Method:This study

was an experimental laboratories, with the post-test only control group

design. The subjects of this study were 24 rabbits which were divided

into experimental group with the addition of chitosan and control group

without chitosan. A curettage periodontal surgery was performed on the

rabbit’s gingiva; then histological observation were being carried out on

day 3, 5 and 7. Results: In histologic observation, the experimental group

experienced a significant enhancement (P= 0,030) compared with the

control group (PMN: P= 0.061 and fibroblasts: P= 0,368) based on

nonparametric independent test. There was a significant difference

between experimental group and control group on 3rd day on PMN

observation (P= 0,040) as well as 5th day and 7th on fibroblast

observation (P= 0,049 and P= 0,046) based on nonparametric paired test.

Conclusion: Chito-pack modified periodontal dressing with the addition


60

of chitosan from head-shrimp waste (Litopenaus vannamei) can

accelerateafter periodontal surgery.

Keywords: Chitosan, Litopenaeus vannamei, Periodontal Surgery,

Periodontal Dressing, Histologic Observation


61

QUALIFIED GENOTYPE 1 CAYENNE PEPPER (CAPSICUM

FRUTESCENS L.) EMS MUTANT PLANT ON PUNGENCY

ASPECTS

Ginting Dwi Setiawan, Wahyuningyan Arini, Nur Rahmattullah,

Mukhaddam Muhammad, Surani Ulfa,



ABSTRACT

Cayenne pepper has various benefits that increase the needs of cayenne

pepper in the community. Establishment of superior varieties of cayenne

pepper have been done by mutation induction using Ethyl

Methanesulfonate (EMS). Genotype 1 (G1) pepper is cayenne pepper

heredited from local line Indonesia with the brand name of Cakra Hijau.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of capsaicin content

that is responsible for pungency traits on G1 cayenne pepper mutant.

The extraction of capsaicin was performed on immature fruits of G1

cayenne pepper mutant. The placenta and pericarp of pepper were

separated from the seeds, then weighed 0.5 g and dissolved in 5 ml of

absolute ethanol. The filtrate absorbance was measured using

spectrophotometer with 280 nm wavelength. The absorbance value of

the sample is substituted on the standard capsaicin curve equation to

determine the sample capsaicin concentration. The G1 mutant plants

have capsaicin contents ranged from 5-8 mg/g F.W. Most of G1 mutant

plants have higher value of capsaicin content than G1 control and

Capsicum annuum cv. Himo. The G1 plants induced by EMS are

suspected of having mutations. The mutations are suspected to be the

cause of its highly capsaicin content. Mutations can cause the change the

enzymatic state of the plant, so a character change of a species may

occur.

Keywords: capsaicin, carotenoids, cayenne pepper, mutant


62

BI MY HONEY!: BIDARA LEAFS GUMNY CANDY MADE

WITH HONEY TO PREVENTING DIABETIC AND FREE

RADICAL

Rizki Sofia Febriana, Mutiara Ramadhanty, Mohamad Amin Mumtaz,

Ardiana Wijayanti, Lintang Dima Ramadhani,



ABSTRACT

Gummy Candy is a famous product in the world. It has chewy texture, a

sweet taste, and colorful looks. However, the sugar that contain in

gummy candy has a bad effect, such as dental health disorder. The

ingredients need to be modify to reduce the bad effects of gummy

Candy and increase it benefits, such as replacing the sugar and the dye

by natural ingredients. Natural ingredient has a good impact and also

many natural materials available in Indonesia. Indonesia has a variety of

herbs that even grow wild, one of which is Bidara or Ziziphus

mauritiana. Leaf from bidara plant is good for health. It can be used for

preventing diabetic and free radical. Beside that, indonesia also has a

large forest where there are honey-producing bee lives. Honey contains

a lot of mineral such as sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, iron,

phosphorus, and potassium as well as some vitamins such as vitamin B,

C, and K (Wulandari, 2017). Based on the conditions behind, the author

initiated an idea to make healthy food in the form of gummy candy. The

gummy candies that made from bidara leaves and honey can adding

more benefit without reducing the appeal and the taste of gummy candy

itself.

Keywords: Bidara, Honey, Health, Candy


63

M-NAFER (MUSHROOM FLAVOUR ENHANCER) : THE

UTILIZATION OF OYSTER MUSHRROM STEW

WASTEWATER AS ALTERNATIVE ORGANIC FLAVOUR

ENHANCER BY USING EMD (ELECTRIC MIXER-DRYER

TECHNOLOGY)

Linda Novitasari, Sisca Ikke Wulandari, Wahyu Wulantiasari, Tri Lestari

Ning Tias



ABSTRACT

Flavour enhancer is one of food additives that widely used by people.

Types of flavour that often circulate in the market is MSG. MSG

(Monosodium glutamate) is known to provide negative effects for

consumers, especially on health because it can disrupt human

metabolism system. Oyster mushroom wastewater is known to provide

savory taste on food because it has a high glutamic acid content that can

be used as an alternative organic flavoring. Glutamic acid is obtained

from the process of boiling oyster mushrooms which have soluble

properties with a total content of 21.7%. The formulation of production

M-Nafer is oyster mushroom stewed water 10%, 4% salt, 2% seasoning,

and dextrin with ratio (4:3) toward oyster mushroom stewed water. The

M-Nafer production process is performed on EMD (Electric Mixer-

Drying Technology) what specially designed for mixing and drying M-

Nafer by combining technologies of electrical heating and mixer. M-

Nafer testing was through by hedonic test to comparison products with

color, flavor and taste parameters. M-Nafer test results were 3, 3.05 and

3.5 while the comparison products were 3.55, 3, and 3.4. These results

conclude that flavour and odor of M-Nafer able to compete in the

market because have high value than competitor products.

Keywords: EMD, oyster mushroom wastewater, M-Nafer, flavour

enhancer


64

CATEGORY B

Natural Sciences


65

CONTROLLING INDOOR AIR QUALITY IN PRE-

SCHOOLS AND DAY CARE CENTRE

Alyssa Serena Binti Baddrul Hezri and Norhayati Mahyuddin

Department of Building Surveying, Faculty of Built Environment,

University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Center for Building,

Construction & Tropical Architecture (BuCTA), Faculty of Built

Environment,

University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

[email protected], [email protected]

Potential exposures to indoor air pollutants and allergens must not only

be considered at homes, but also at day care, schools as well as pre-

schools. In many related studies, researchers found that indoor spaces

such as classroom, play area and nap rooms have the highest indoor

environmental exposures that possess a health risk to children. Children

are most vulnerable to indoor contaminants as they spend as much as

90% of their time indoors. Many studies have also speculated that the

prevalence of childhood asthma in the past few decades is due to change

in indoor environmental exposure such as environmental tobacco smoke

(ETS) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), use of gas stoves, cleaning agents and

interior building fabrics. Since the ability to modify indoor environment

is more achievable compared to modifying outdoor environment, this

study aims to recommend strategies to improve Indoor Air Quality

(IAQ) in preschools and day care centre in Malaysia. On-site monitoring

on the IAQ condition was carried out with thorough walk through

inspection on the activities and the interior fabrics used. In addition,

parents and guardians’ awareness level regarding IAQ and respiratory

problems were also investigated. It was found that majority of the

physical parameters in the case study had exceeded the Threshold Limit

Value (TLV) due to the improper maintenance of air-conditioning

systems and the positioning of the windows and openings. High

concentrations of VOC were detected in one of the classrooms due to


66

low air movement as well as the interior fabric. Some suggestions were

outlined to ensure the IAQ in pre-school and day care centre can be

controlled in order to prevent the occurrence of respiratory health

symptoms towards the children.

Keyword: Contaminant, Indoor Air Quality, Pre-school, interior fabric.


67

J.TI (JALAN TIKUS) EDUCATIVE GAMES BASED ON LOCI

TECHNIQUES IN THE EFFORT OF REALIZING INDONESIA

SMART MATHEMATICS 2030

Aisah Feriera Awip Damayanti, Dinda Noer Nazillah Ulfah, Winda

Ariyanti, Zidna Nayla Hidayati, Defit Fitri Yuliana,



ABSTRACT

J.Ti (Jalan Tikus) is an educative game product as a means of visualizing

children and makes it easier to understand the geometry formula by

using loci technique. The loci technique is one part of the mnemonic

method of connecting what is already known to new concepts or ideas.

J.Ti (Jalan Tikus) will bring children more easily remember and

understand the formula of building the geometry of some objects.

Examples of geometry used in this game are tailored to objects in

everyday life. J.Ti (Jalan Tikus) becomes one of the solutions in the world

of education to succeed the government program SDGs (Sustainable

Development Goals) 2030 to realize Indonesia Smart Mathematics 2030.

J.Ti (Jalan Tikus) can be made in accordance with the needs both in the

dimension of space and time, so this product will be able to cover the

whole formulas that exist in mathematics and can use technology that

follows the times. The implementation of J.Ti (Jalan Tikus) in 8,

Watumujur 1 St., Malang which is divided into five steps: preparation of

tools and materials, making designs that resemble monopoly, toy

making, product finishing, and packaging. The raw material survey was

conducted by visiting four wooden store places in Malang. Booking raw

materials at 50, Joyo Tamansari I St., Merjosari Malang because the price

offered is cheaper. The selling price of this game product is Rp 50.000,00.

Implementation of activities lasts for five months starting from April to

August 2018. Marketing strategies use offline and online method

through social media, brochures dissemination, socialization with

educational institutions, and competition both national and

international.

Keywords: educative game, SDGs, loci technique, mathematics


68

BIOLIE: BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM GRACILARIA

SP. SEAWEED PROCESSING SOLID WASTE AND WATER

HYACINTH AS A SOLUTION OF ECO-FRIENDLY AND

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Winda Firdayanti, Nada Itorul Umam, Naufal Abiyyu, Marlinda Elvina,



ABSTRACT

The demand for energy is increasing and the availability of fuel is

decreasing , this situation require humans to find a source of renewable

alternative fuels that are environmentally friendly. This is because the

energy used today is largely derived from fossil fuels that have

limitations in terms of availability. Bioethanol is one of alternative fuel

that is considered potential to be developed. However, so far bioethanol

feedstocks compete with food and feed. On the other hand, the

production of biomass of water hyacinth reaches 200 - 300 tons / ha and

the production of Gracilaria sp. seaweed waste of 1,682,545 tons per

year. The content of cellulose polysaccharides in water hyacinth reaches

64.51% and seaweed waste from Gracilaria sp. amounted to 72.17%. So

both sources of biomass when combined as a raw material for making

bioethanol will result the good quality product because of the high

content of cellulose polysaccharides. BIOLIE is prepared by step

preparation of water hyacinth and Gracilaria sp. seaweed waste, the raw

material characterization in the form of siege and sieving with 40 mesh

sieve size, saccharification with acid hydrolysis, preparation of

Saccharomyces ceriviseae culture, fermentation process, fermentation

test, and purification with distillation method. BIOLIE has many

advantages such as high octane value causing fuel mixture to be burned

just in time, harmless exhaust emissions for environment one of CO2 gas

which can be reused by plants for photosynthesis process and low no

emission, and high efficiency compared to gasolin.

Keywords: biethanol, energy, Gracilaria sp., water hyacinth,

renewable energy


69

TRIPILIN (CANDLE OF MULTIFUNGION WASTE DURIAN)

Fatia Azzahhra, Argitha Aricindy, Regita Ananda, Nur Insan Kusniadi,

M. Fadil Hidayat,

Medan State University,


ABSTRACT

Nowadays, recycling activities can be done by utilizing used goods

goods that have even high economic value. In addition to being

produced for marketing, and get income, the utilizition of used goods

can also be used as a learning media and creativity for all people and

create jobs for the community. North Sumatra is the largest producer of

durian in Indonesia. A lot of traders who organize their wares in the

roadside, they are lined to sell the durians and make a rows of them

with varying sizes and prices. The impact of it all is when the volume of

garbage will increase significantly. It is the most troublesome for the

garbage officers and cleaners of the city. The results showed that the

organic waste in Indonesia reaches 60-70 percent of the total volume of

waste generated, so if ignored it can cause environmental pollution, the

emergence of the mosquito vector of disease and decrease the value of

aesthetic / beauty of the city as well as other issues. Waste Durian skin

(Durio zibethinus) has not been utilized by the community, whereas

waste durian skin that is not valuable at first, can be used to be

something useful. The purpose of this research is to get essential oil of

durian leather waste and formulated into aromatic wax as mosquito

repellent and for relaxation as creative innovation of durian skin waste

utilization. Durian skin contains essential oils, flavonoids, saponins,

cellulose elements, lignin, and starch content. The content in the durian

skin has a very stinging smell and is not favored by mosquitoes, because

the effect of these ingredients can affect the mosquitoes nerve and it can

make the mosquitoes become unstable and eventually die

(Oktavianingrum, et al., 2007). The beginning stage of manufacture is

durian peel extract to produce the essential oils contained in the skin of

durian. The resulting oil as the main ingredient of making anti-mosquito

products aromatherapy candle. Aromatherapy itself has a calm nature

and also has a refreshing aroma. Tripilin is made by using printing


70

techniques with stearin, paraffin and essential oil extracts from durian

skin. In order to get a candle with a long burn time, which is 10 hours 47

minutes, used the composition of 89% stearin, paraffin 9%, and durian

peel extract 2%. To make the candle wick in order to produce a good and

not a lot of smoke then the axis should be soaked in salt water for 3

hours and then dried.

Keywords: Anti-mosquito, Candle, Durian Waste, Multifunction,

Recycling


71

CATEGORY B



72

SOCCER-CHEM

S. M. Shahrul Nizan Shikh Zahari, Lailatun Nazirah Ozair, Nur Fateha

Mohd Said, Nurul Syahida Mohd Hazizi, Nur Alyaa Zulkafli,

Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia,


ABSTRACT

SOCCER-CHEM is a table-top game that has been developed for

students seeking for an exciting and thrilling way of learning chemistry.

It implements the same concept as in a typical soccer match with

integrating trivial questions of various difficulty levels on chemistry.

Each single match is played by two teams, and each team consists of

eleven players represented by specially-designed pawns. To score

points, the player, whose the team wins at rock-paper-scissor, must first

answer a question from shuffled cards correctly within a specific time.

Only then can the player be permitted to move the ball into the

opponent team’s goal area by tapping the pawn down with a finger. The

team which scores the maximum goals at the end of a given period wins

the match. It is hoped that this exciting game can be a good tool to

increase students’ interest in learning chemistry.

Keywords: education, soccer chemistry


73

EXIT AND RE-ENTRY STRATEGIES FOR INTERNATIONAL

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Ooi Ying Yee, Loo Siaw Chuing,

Universiti of Malaya,


ABSTRACT

With the globalization of the world economy, today's construction

industry is fast becoming an internationally interdependent

marketplace. This research explores exit and re-entry strategies of

construction players in the international market, which helps the

international contractors to manage both their domestic and

international construction business for firms' sustainable growth. There

are various exit and re-entry strategies. Selling-off firm, closing down

the firm, transferring of resources and selling-off the shares are the

variables for exit strategies whereas re-entry strategies are referring to

entry strategies which are acquisition, joint venture, branch office and

strategic alliances. The research method used is a qualitative method,

face-to-face interviews were conducted among international contractors

with international construction experience. The data collected from the

interview sessions were analysed using content analysis. The analysis

outcome was further used to develop the International Construction

Market Exit/Re-entry Strategy (ICME/RS) Model. This study hopes to

reveal the exit and re-entry strategies that are significant towards

international construction firms' survival and growth abroad and to

enhance the existing knowledge on international construction entry

modes. Contractors may use the ICME/RS model developed to strategise

their firm's business growth locally and internationally.

Keywords: Exit Modes, Re-Entry Modes, International Construction,

Sustainable Growth


74

AR ANIMALES APPLICATION

Nurul Zakiah Binti Kasnun, Amirah Mardhiah Binti Muhammad Kamal,

Nur Afiqah Farina Binti Jais, Nur Afiqah Syaza Binti Fazil,

Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah,


ABSTRACT

The AR Animales Application is an augmented reality application that

shows the animals in 3D by using the Android platform. This

application works when it scans the animals in the provided AR

Animales book. The application will displays the animals that contain in

the book such as rabbit, tiger, cat and many more. It shows the certain

animals that includes in Dunia Sains dan Teknologi subject for Standard

3. The purpose of the application is to help the students easy to

memorize the information in the textbook. The Agile Scrum

methodology is used in the development of this application. The

application will make it short and simple for describing the animals for

students to memorize and understand well in an interesting way.

Moreover, this application can solve the problem faced in term of

arrangement information in the textbook. The arrangement of the

animals information in the textbook are cluttered and it is quite not

suitable for the students. The arrangement of information is difficult to

be understood and memorized. This application will displays the

animals with their information using multimedia elements such as

display animals in 3D form, sound of the animals and the simple text of

animals description according to the characteristics, eating behavior and

habitat. Furthermore, there are lacks of exercises in the textbook of

Dunia Sains dan Teknologi for Standard 3; thus, AR Animales

Application provides simple quizzes for students to attempt the quizzes

in interesting ways. In conclusion, the AR Animales Application is very

useful and helpful to the user especially to the teacher and students to

implement teaching and learning process efficiently.

Keywords: Augmented Reality Application, Dunia Sains dan

Teknologi, Agile Scrum


75

LEVERAGING VIRTUAL REALITY FRAMEWORK FOR

CLASH DETECTION IN IMPROVING ESTIMATION

ACCURACY

Heng Ji Yong, Nurshuhada Zainon,

University of Malaya,


ABSTRACT

Clash detection process is a crucial part of construction process and

Quantity Surveyors (QS) have the role and duty to clarify the correct

information regarding clashes. Unfortunately, previous studies have

shown that surveyors have had low spatial visualization which leads to

difficulties in finding clashes, resulting to inaccuracy of quantity take-

off. Researchers found that Virtual Reality (VR) technology improves

spatial ability, and VR helps better clash identifications, but literature is

lacking in discussing about take-off accuracy using VR. Therefore, this

research aims to propose a virtual reality framework for clash detection

in improving estimation accuracy. This research will provide testable

evidence of quantity take off accuracy through clash detection with a

help of VR technology. The research findings show great increment in

number of clash found and accuracy of quantity take-off. The framework

will benefit surveyors and educators with new perspective of VR usage

as a tool to boost surveyors’ understanding towards drawing hence

improving taking-off ability.

Keywords: Clash detection, Building Information Modelling (BIM),

Quantity Surveyor, Estimation, Quantity Take-off, spatial

visualisation, Virtual Reality


76

SAND E-LEARNING APPS

Nurul Ain Amir Adli, Umahsri Murugan, Nuraziziah Abu Samah,

Amirah Nadhirah Kamaruzaman,

University of Malaya,


ABSTRACT

The SAND E-Learning Mobile Application act as an assistant for

students in learning System Analysis and Design. It is a complete

package featuring mind-map notes that can be viewed or downloaded in

pdf format, quiz, bookmarks and glossary search. The target users are

Polytechnic students who register System Analysis and Design (SAND)

course. As the course itself is more of a theoretical element, this mobile

application has been triggered and created as the best medium to

catalyze students in memorizing and emphasizing essential parts of the

course. The development method used is Agile Scrum Development.

The development of this mobile application is also in line with Mission

of the Department of Polytechnic Education; to gain international

recognition through collaboration within the TVET community. It also

moves towards the concept of user-led education via mobile technology

and it also creates a medium for a more learner-center as both educators

and students can benefit by experience it once installed. Suggestion to

enhance this mobile application is by including the zoom in and out

image patterns for every chapter. It also could be fruitful if the

�progress bar� feature is included in the quiz module for easy user

navigation towards the mobile applications.

Keywords: System Analysis and Design, mind-map notes, quiz,

bookmark, glossary, e-learning, Polytechnics, mobile technology


77

OVERCOMING HOUSING AFFORDABILITY

PROBLEMS WITH HOUSING INCENTIVE SCHEMES

IN GREATER KUALA LUMPUR

Zafirah Al Sadat Zyed, Wan Nor Azriyati Wan Abd Aziz, Noor Rosly

Hanif, Peter Aning Tedong, Sarah Yasreen Binti Mohammad Shukri,

Wan Nur Liyana Binti Mohamad Idrus


Homeownership is every household dream. What stands in between a

household and purchasing a house, among others, is their affordability

to own a house. Based on a study on housing affordability problems

among young households, there are three prominent housing

affordability problems among young households which are, insufficient

monthly household income, limited housing choice in the market and

increasing house prices. These problems are addressed by the state

through the National Housing Policy as well other housing incentive

schemes (HIS) introduced such as My First Home Scheme and 1Malaysia

People's Housing Scheme (PR1MA). However, these interventions by

the state are not enough to overcome housing affordability problems

among young households especially in Greater Kuala Lumpur. The

research questions are as follows; what are the current housing incentive

schemes in Greater Kuala Lumpur? And to what extent has the current

housing incentive scheme assist young household own a house in

Greater Kuala Lumpur? Hypothetically, the HIS introduced will address

the housing affordability problems in Greater Kuala Lumpur (GKL).

However, a holistic HIS should be able to fulfil the gap of housing

affordability problems among young households. This study uses case

study approach and the data is collected from 356 questionnaires. The

respondents are between 21 to 35 years old and work in GKL. The

findings show that most HIS do not holistically assist young households

in purchasing a house. This is because majority of HIS only overcome

problems in household income and house price but not in housing

choice. In conclusion, although the government has introduced a


78

number of good HIS to assist young household to own a house, there is

still a gap in addressing the housing affordability problems. It is found

that private developers have introduced their own HIS to promote their

development. Perhaps, the government should work with the private

developer to address the housing affordability problems.

Keywords: Housing, Housing Affordability, Affordable Housing,

Housing Incentive Schemes


79

INTERNET OF THINGS: MOVING FORWARDS INTO

A SMART CAMPUS

Ridhwan Ahmad Bin Ahmad Daud, Nur Mardhiyah Aziz


Smart campus is an advance term that can be implied for universities

that used technologies in order to improve the overall performances of

its campus. Internet of things is one of the tools that may help

universities to evolve into a smart campus. In line with the Fourth

Industrial Revolution, universities around the globe are transforming

their spaces to a smart campus as universities have ideal space of

experimentations, hence providing solutions for smart cities. Furthering

this development, University of Malaya (UM), the oldest university in

Malaysia, is pushing for IoT-based smart environments in its campus.

Thus, this research aims to develop a need inventory for IoT-enabled

building and infrastructure in UM campus that could enhance the

performance of the campus’s population. Choosing Kompleks Perdana

Siswa (KPS) as a scope of study, needs assessment will be conducted

using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Through a survey

analysis, the significance needs for IoT will be ranked according to its

importance and urgency. In a later part, gap analysis will be performed

to evaluate current and desired IoT facilities in the campus. The solution

of both gap will be used as a foundation for the university’s technology

roadmap in becoming a better living campus using IoT as the enabler,

along with as a justification for IoT investment. The methodology used

can be applied by other institutions in their effort to be a smart campus,

too. With smart connectivity, physical objects are networked and will

gain the ability to communicate to each other. IoT implementation will

make teaching-learning more intuitive, innovative, productive,

motivating, and interesting, as well as, it helps in energy reduction and

campus safety.


80

WATERLOSSTRACKER. GEOAPPS:

A MOBILE GEO APPS FOR WATER METER

TRACKING SYSTEM

Muhammad Faiz Osman Zaini, Noraqila Aiman Abu, Azri Haziq Azlin,

Siti Nurulain Sha’aban, and Abdul Rauf Abdul Rasam*

Centre of Studies for Surveying Science and Geomatics

Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying

University Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia

*[email protected] (Supervisor)

Several major challenges in providing a water service and supply to

consumer have been identified in Malaysia. One of the most challenging

is proportion of water loss or known as non-revenue water (NRW).

NRW is water that has been supplied to the consumer, but it lost before

it reaches to the consumer. The losses of NRW is related with water

billing or consumed and water produced by local agencies such as in

AIR Selangor or SYABAS. One of the way to overcome the NRW is by

changing water meter inaccuracies or malfunction, but the current

management system conducted by the local department of water meter

is old fashion such as the contractor does not find the water meter due to

the problem of the housing address or land lots, and therefore it needs to

be transformed into a new management method. The aim of this

innovation is to develop a mobile geospatial apps of water meter

tracking system for AIR Selangor authorities in Shah Alam. The main

methodology used in this study was started by identifying the problem,

then designing apps, developing the apps and lastly evaluating the apps.

The officers and contractors of the water meter department agreed that

the suggestion of the author to develop a GeoApps is important since

the current system need to be improved with an automatic approach.

Therefore, this developed apps has technical capabilities to improve the

current system that is only using a pen and paper as a managing water

meter system at the site. The GeoApps can also update all the coordinate

of water meter so that the contactor can find the water meter easily. By


81

these apps capabilities, the efficiency of the process can reduce time to

find the water meter. In addition, location of the water meter can be

searched immediately by using the internet connection. Overall, the

evaluators also agreed the design and functions developed in the apps,

and therefore this water meter tracking system could be applied in the

local departments.

Keywords: Geospatial, Mobile Apps, Web-Based GIS,

WaterLossTracker.GeoApps, Water Meter, Non-Revenue Water

(NRW)


82

RISK ASSESSMENT IN PROJECT FINANCE FOR

TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS

IN MALAYSIA

Lau Win Yei, Saipol Bari Bin Abd Karim


The nature of construction industry is risky. Various project risks are

present in different types of construction projects. To scope it down, this

research focuses on risk associated with project finance for

transportation infrastructure projects in Malaysia. This research

investigates the current risk management and risk assessment practice

for risks associated project finance in transportation infrastructure

projects in Malaysia. There are various possible risks which affects the

project delivery with best performance in term of time, cost and quality.

The proper risk assessment framework has to be structured in order to

achieve efficiency in assessing the risks associated with project finance of

transportation infrastructure projects. The research method used is

qualitative research approach by conducting semi-structure interviews

selectively with various practitioners who are directly or indirectly

involved in the risk management and risk assessment, as well as

knowledgeable from the perspective of project finance. The coding

process is used to analyse the issues and possible improvements for the

current risk assessment practice, apart from determining most

significant risks associated with project finance possible risks and their

consequences towards the effectiveness of risk assessment in project

finance for transportation infrastructure project in Malaysia. The

discussion outcome is further used to develop a project risk assessment

framework, in accordance to the ISO 31000. Practitioners may use the

risk assessment framework developed in the assessment of project

finance risk in the transportation infrastructure projects in Malaysia.


83

CATEGORY C

Arts & Humanities


84

LEARNING MALAY FOLK SONG USING M-

LEARNING MODEL DESIGNED Fung Ying Loo1, Fung Chiat Loo2

1University of Malaya, 2Universiti Putra Malaysia

This innovation is a music-based M-learning model which is used as a

device on teaching and increasing awareness of Malay folk song. It

consists of music programming that includes the process of song

arrangement using different musical style not limited to the original

authentic version of the selected song. The model reveals a set of musical

tracks recording that accompanies the practice of the song and at the

same time, tempo stability training was carried out. Without the

facilitating of a tutor or teacher (as in conventional piano teaching and

learning), students are able to practise the task at anytime and

anywhere. M-learning which relies on a mobile device can occur

anywhere and anytime, began in the mid-90s (Pachler, Bachmair, &

Cook 2009). A more precise definition derives from Crompton (2013)

which added another level to the four elements (technological devices,

pedagogy, social interactions and context) of m-learning. Most scholars

agree that m-learning is less time-consuming when it comes to teaching

with instructions. It also serves as a function of distance learning where

a handheld mobile device is used for interaction and learning. In

comparison with e-learning, Bajpai (2011) explains that m-learning relies

on modern mobile devices that may be smaller in size and lightweight

and learning space is no longer restricted such as if a desktop pc is used.

The mobile orchestra accompaniment used in this m-learning model is

believed to enhance interest in learning comparable to the already

proven popularity of karaoke in society. The model could be developed

into a mobile application or game which may gain more interest from

the public in future. Thus, this m-learning design is a new approach that

takes into consideration the synthesis of three learning contents: 1. piano

learning and practicing 2. Rhythmic accuracy 3. awareness of Malaysian

folk song. The approach can also be a model for other traditional music

and genres.

Keywords: M-learning, Malay folk song, Music


85

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RURAL LANDSCAPE

CHARACTERS TO A RURAL ROUTE FOR TOURISM A

CASE STUDY ALONG KUALA SELANGOR- SABAK

BERNAM ROUTE

Nur Amirah Abdul Wahab, Khalilah Zakariya, Putri Haryati Ibrahim

International Islamic University Malaysia

The presence of scenic landscape characters along the rural routes is one

of the main attractions that entice tourists to visit the rural areas. There

are tangible and intangible rural landscape characters composed of

biophysical, built and cultural components. Some rural areas in Malaysia

are beginning to get affected, if they have not already, by the process of

urbanisation as town centres and infrastructural development expand.

As a result of this, the cultural characters of the rural areas may be lost

gradually, if their significance are not recognised and integrated into

their future development. A recognition of these important cultural

characters could increase tourism development opportunities, where the

planning of resources and attractions can be better integrated to support

infrastructural development of a region, conservation and rejuvenation

of cultural and natural resources. The aim of this study is to determine

the landscape characteristics of the rural area for the tourism routes to

conserve and integrate the physical, cultural and environmental features

of the rural landscape with tourism activities. The objectives of this

study are (i) to identify the landscape characteristics of the rural area and

route for tourist attractions, (ii) to examine the needs of the tourists in

rural tourism, and (iii) to determine the rural landscape characters and

tourism-related attributes for tourism route planning in rural areas. The

Kuala Selangor – Sabak Bernam rural route in Selangor is the selected

case study area. The data was collected through a method of inventory

by observation and mapping along the study area of. In addition, survey

questionnaires were analyzed from 250 respondents among the local

people and tourists to get the significant attributes of the rural landscape

characters for tourism route planning. The semi-structured interviews

were conducted on the Malaysia Tourist Guide Council and the

homestay operator in order to obtain their views on the potentials and


86

challenges of development rural tourism routes. The findings revealed

that the attributes of physical, heritage, culture, environment and

sensory must be integrated at the rural route to attract visitors. This

study concludes that for a rural route to maintain its attractiveness as

part of rural tourism, these cultural characters need to be integrated into

the future plans, and activities can be created to allow tourists to

experience the local cultural environment.

Keyword: Landscape character, rural tourism, rural route


87

E-DIWAN INGENIOUS MOBILE INTERACTIVE

ARABIC LANGUAGE EDUCATION TOOL

Rahmah Bt. Ahmad H. Osman1, Feham Ghalib1, Murni Mahmud2,

Muhamad Zamri Abdul Gani1, Atikah Balqis Basri3 1 Dept. of Arabic Language and Literature,

Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences

International Islamic University Malaysia 2 Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology

International Islamic University Malaysia 3 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of

Engineering,


[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],


The Arabic languages have been considered as a global language and it

has become one of the most important languages for all language

learners around the world. However, there is a lack of interactive aspects

in computer applications that are specially designed for learning Arabic

poetry for non-native learners. No proper methodology to engage the

student in learning and deep understanding of poetry where insufficient

tools to enhance the student experience in appreciating and applying

poetry to enrich their Arabic vocabulary. But with the development

(Internet of Things) IoT software application developed specifically for

use on small, wireless computing devices, such as smartphones and

tablets more interactive language education tool is possible. An

Interactive Arabic language education tool is critical in ensuring student

performance. This E-diwan prototype designed and developed an app

for Arabic poetry accessible through a mobile device and a mobile

interface (Android, iPhone, Windows Mobile) for a designated Arabic

poetry electronic portfolio website. Consideration for the current

scenario illustrates the preference and the reliance on interactive

programs and gadgets among the educators and students. As the result,


88

the app leads to a superior methodology to engage the student in

learning and deep understanding of poetry. This app fit as a lecture

companion tool for all educators teaching Arabic poetry a largely

forgotten value in learning the Arabic language. This product is ready to

use and would benefit the Arabic language learners.

Keywords: E-diwan, mobile app, IoT


89

OCCUPANTS PRODUCTIVITY AND ENERGY

SAVING ENHANCEMENT: CASE STUDY OF GREEN

BUILDING IN MALAYSIA FOR OPTIMAL THERMAL

CONDITION

Masoud Esfandiari, Suzaini Mohamed Zaid*, Muhammad Azzam

Ismail,

Faculty of Built Environment


Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

*[email protected]

Enhancing building performance has incrementally become a critical

issue, due to its crucial role on energy efficiency, environmental impact

reduction, and effect on occupants’ satisfaction. Exhaustive materials

from world of science have proved occupants’ satisfaction has an

indisputable influence on their productivity which is vital for office

building. Providing suitable indoor environment quality (IEQ) include

parameters such as thermal comfort, indoor air quality, noise, light

quality, maintenance, etc. can be claimed as the most critical parameters

in tropical climate – and has a direct coloration to energy consumption.

Therefore, buildings should perform in way that provide satisfaction

and energy saving in an optimal way, but some case studies and

literature have indicated a conflict between these two criteria during

operational stage. Do green buildings really reduce energy during

operations? What are the adverse effect on green buildings to the indoor

environmental quality and its impact on occupant’s work productivity?

Thus, this study aims to investigate if green buildings have a positive

impact on occupant’s work productivity and provide suitable thermal

comfort in the tropical climate context of Malaysia. A case study

approach was adopted to examine a Green Building Index (GBI) certified

office building using post occupancy evaluation (POE) to investigate

occupants feedback on thermal condition and its effect on their

productivity. The investigation included a questionnaire survey and


90

physical measurement of the IEQ. The result showed some respondents

are comfortable with the overall condition of thermal while they claimed

their productivity is increased by the building condition. However, most

of them believe the indoor temperature were too cold, which indicates

inefficient air-conditioning and mechanical systems that could

exaggerate energy consumption. Finally, this study tries to relate the

findings of the questionnaire survey to physical measurement to

recommend optimal temperature for occupants to enhance their

productivity without compromising energy efficiency.

Keywords: Operational energy, Indoor environment quality, work

productivity, green building


91

USING THE MNEMEMORIC VERB GAMES TO

ENHANCE IRREGULAR VERBS

Sheema Liza Idris1, Noorlinda Alang1, Shazila Abdullah1, Noor Roslinda

DAmir Ishak1 and Azrul Bahaluddin2

Academy of Language Studies, UiTM Cawangan Perak1

Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, UiTM Cawangan Perak2

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],


As verbs are fundamental components of English sentence structures,

mastering them is imperative for learners in order for them to construct

grammatically correct sentences in both their writing and speaking. For

most English learners, it is not a hassle to understand, remember and use

the past and past participle forms of regular verbs. Nonetheless, when it

comes to irregular verbs, understanding, memorising and using their

past and past participle forms are more challenging and this relentlessly

contributes to learners’ confusion and uncertainty. This indeed

supported by Grabowski and Mindt (1994) when they mentioned that

“irregular verbs represent one of the difficult aspects of the language”. A

typical list of irregular verbs is organised in alphabetical order and this

will definitely bore learners every time they are required to understand

and master the verbs. Thus, the innovation of this Mnememoric Verb

Card game is prompted as a new method to assist learners in the

mastery of the past and past participle forms of irregular verbs.

Additionally, two popular word games, namely Word Maze and Word

Puzzle are improvised to be played using this Mnememoric Verb Card

game. Playing these games repeatedly enables learners to continually

practice the verbs and this later encourages learners’ automaticity, which

is essential for basic sentence constructions.

Keywords: English Language, Language Games, Irregular Verbs


92

DEVELOPING A FRAMEWORK FOR PERFORMANCE

MEASUREMENT OF FACILITIES MANAGEMENT

(FM) SERVICES IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN GHANA

** Daniel Amos, Zairul Nisham Bin Musa, Au Yong Cheong Peng

** Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Malaya

Performance measurement has become the language of process for any

organization in today’s information driven decision making

environment as it give direction to organization in achieving its goals. In

Facilities Management, performance measurement is important to

contributing to organizational success in terms of effectiveness,

efficiency and adding value. Whiles the concept of performance

measurement has become a potent part of strategic and service

quality decisions in healthcare organizations, most of these

performance measures and quality indicators have been on clinical

performance other than facilities management or non-clinical support

services. Ghana’s health sector has seen tremendous improvement in

recent years albeit many challenges. The entire public health care

system in Ghana has recently come under political and public pressure

to improve the quality of its services to the public whiles at the same

time operational and managerial cost of healthcare is increasing rapidly.

Public hospitals like every other corporate organization have limited

resources putting intense competing needs between the core and non-

core FM. Consequently, there is need for performance measurement in

FM as a means of resource sustainability, evaluates the value adding

capabilities of FM to senior management and also improve service

performance. This study present the result of an explorative enquiry into

performance measurement of FM in public hospitals in Ghana. This

study note that annual peer review exercise by the Ghana health services

which at present is the performance tool that captures aspects of FM is

an audit tool and put undue pressure on hospitals. Further other

performance measurement tools such as patient satisfaction survey,

inspections with standard checklist, and quality assurance and

performance appraisal for FM staff are not tailored for FM performance

assessment. The low level of priority accorded FM in public hospital


93

and the concomitant lack of standard procedures and methodologies in

assessing FM performance is a significant challenge which underscores

the need for tailored FM performance measurement framework which

this study seeks to fulfil. The paper is an extract from an ongoing PhD

research which provides background work for a possible attempt at

developing a tailored performance measurement framework for

public hospitals facilities managers in Ghana and by extension to most

parts of the developing world.


94

IDENTIFYING CHARACTER-DEFINING FEATURES

OF SHOPHOUSES IN TAIPING, MALAYSIA

1Nur Farhana Azmi, 2Siti Farrah Zaini, 3Yong Adilah Shamsul

Harumain, 4Azlan Shah Ali 1,4Center for Building, Construction and Tropical Architecture (BuCTA),

Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia 2Department of Building Surveying, Faculty of Built Environment,

University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3Center for Sustainable Urban Planning & Real Estate (SUPRE), Faculty

of Built Environment, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

The shophouses is the oldest extant urban dwelling that strengthen the

identity of the country. Apart from historic and aesthetic contribution it

makes, the influence of traditional shophouses buildings to the

uniqueness and distinctiveness of a place is also reflected in its use as

activities settings. However, these buildings are nowadays seriously

threatened by rapid development of urban as well as rural construction

and continuously losing their original features. Therefore, it is

particularly necessary to examine the key elements that define the

characteristics of these shophouses buildings or collectively known as

character-defining features. Surveys through observation and

questionnaire were conducted in Taiping, a small town in the state of

Perak to identify the character-defining features which make a

continuing contribution to the overall sense of the place. The survey

results demonstrate that both tangible (architectural design, location,

arrangement, size, materials, craftsmanship, 5-foot-ways, colour) and

intangible (use, society culture, historical association, smell, sound and

sight) character-defining features act as important trigger for the

buildings distinctiveness and therefore, should be given prime

consideration in every preservation works of the building.

Keywords: Character-defining features, place, shophouses, Taiping


95

THE STATE OF RESIDENT’S HEALTH AND WELL

BEING OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

(IEQ) IN MALAYSIAN AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Syahrul Nizam Kamaruzzaman, Nurul Aisyah Asbullah, Siti Arni Basir,

Emma Marinie Ahmad Zawawi & Mike Riley

Affordable housing scheme in Malaysia has risen in terms of number but

the quality of the housing is still uncertain. Previous studies have proven

that the quality of indoor environment (IEQ) affect the building

occupants significantly, in both mental and physical of the residents.

This study aims to provide an insight on the indoor quality of affordable

housing in Malaysia. Four different affordable housing development

within the Klang was chosen in this study. Mixed method approach was

adopted sequentially through literature review, observational survey,

and questionnaire survey. The data collected were then analyzed using

the statistical SPSS software. This study has found that the health and

wellbeing of the building occupants are affected by the IEQ. It is

believed that better IEQ can improve the health and increase the

productivity of the residents.

Keywords: indoor Environmental Quality IEQ, affordable housing,

well being, Malaysia.


96

AL-HIJAEI

(A NEW QURANIC READING MODEL BASED

ON P2-PSYCO)

Yuslina Mohamed1,a, Kauthar Abd Kadir2,b, Mesbahul Hoque3, Syuib

Shafi4

1Fakulti Pengajian Bahasa Utama, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia,

Bandar Baru Nilai, 78100 Nilai, negeri Sembilan. Malaysia

2Fakulti Pengajian Al Quran Sunnah, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia,


3Fakulti Pengajian Al Quran Sunnah, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia,


4Darul Quran, Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia, Kuala Kubu Baru,

Selangor. [email protected], [email protected] (Corresponding email)

Al Hijaei adalah model atau kaedah bacaan al-Quran yang baru,

menggunakan Phonic berdasarkan teori fonologi bahasa Arab, fonetik

dan psikolinguistik (Ph2-Psyco). Al Hijaei mengandungi empat buku

mewakili semua 28 huruf Hijai yang disusun berdasarkan tahap

kesukaran. Setiap buku hanya akan memfokuskan 7 huruf Hijai

mengikut artikulasi bunyi, pemerolehan bahasa di kalangan bayi dan

ciri-ciri huruf. Gabungan bunyi semua huruf telah dipilih dari Al-Quran

sepenuhnya. Produk ini boleh digunakan untuk belajar membaca Al-

Quran dari usia bayi seawal 8 bulan hingga dewasa dalam masa yang

singkat dalam zaman moden ini. Produk ini dibangunkan adalah untuk

membantu mereka yang baru hendak belajar membaca Al-Quran

samada yang celik atau yang ada masalah penglihatan (buta) dengan

cara mudah, cepat dan berkesan, Juga bagi mereka yang berfikiran

bahawa belajar quran sangat susah. Produk ini didatangkan dalam 2

versi, iaitu bercetak dan brail. Produk ini juga akan mengeluarkan

ebook, applikasi android dan multimedia intelligent search engine using

case-based reasoning(CBR) untuk mengoptimumkan prestasi dan

memastikan ketepatan maklumat dalam pengisian. Produk ini akan

memberi manfaat kepada rakyat Malaysia dan umat Islam seluruh

dunia. Produk ini telah dipatenkan dan telah mendapat nombor

hakcipta IP . Produk ini telah dipamerkan di Pecipta 2017, Inovasi P&P


97

UKM dan iInova 2018 USIM dan telah menarik minat beberapa syarikat

seperti Bank Rakyat, MAIP, persatuan NGO, institusi dan Syarikat

swasta. Permintaan terhadap produk ini sangat memberangsangkan,

dan telah mendapat sambutan dari al Baghdadi, al Furqan, Gym

Academy, akademi al Fakeh, Macma dan PKIB.dan leapfrog. alHijaei

boleh diekses menggunakan smrtphone atau tablet selapas selesai fasa

percubaan yang sedang dijalankan di taska yang terpilih, Macma,

PERKIM, sekolah-sekolah khas. Produk mesra pengguna ini boleh

digunakan di mana-mana dan pada bila-bila masa, sama ada melalui

telefon pintar dan tablet . Produk ini akan diintegrasikan dengan


98

CATEGORY C



99

HYDROELASTIC AND HYDRODYNAMIC ANALYSIS

OF A UNIFORM RIGID AND FLEXIBLE BARGE USING

WEAKLY COMPRESSIBLE SMOOTHED PARTICLE

HYDRODYNAMICS (WCSPH)

Muhammad Zahir Ramli


During fluid-structure interaction (FSI) fluid forces acting on the

structure result in the structure moving and deforming, which in turn

affects the flow boundary conditions, hence fluid motion. This

interaction, also known as two-way coupling, has been studied in

marine, offshore and coastal engineering. The majority of approaches

used are based on potential flow where nonlinear effects are either

ignored or allowed for through various assumptions on the body and

free surface boundary conditions, leading to a range of partly to fully

nonlinear methods. However, numerical models based on potential flow

theory are unable to deal with extreme free surface deformations, as well

as FSI problems where the effects of viscosity, turbulence and

compressibility are significant. In order to address such shortcomings,

there have been several attempts to solve nonlinear rigid body FSI and

benefitting from rapid progress in Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes

(RANS) code development, using either the finite difference method

(FDM) or the finite volume method (FVM). However, most of these

methods are Eulerian and, by and large, ineffective in the case of

extreme events of wave breaking and water spray. Therefore,

Lagrangian meshless methods are viewed as alternatives in providing

accurate numerical solutions to improve inadequacy of mesh-based

discretization. Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a mesh-free,

Lagrangian method whereby the computational domain is represented

by a set of interpolation points called particles where the fluid medium

is discretised by the interaction between particles rather than grid cells.

Each particle carries an individual mass, velocity, position and any other

requisite physical characteristics, which evolve over time through the


100

governing equations. All particles have a kernel function to define their

range of interaction, while the hydrodynamic variables are defined by

integral approximations. The current works presented are the first step

in extending the application of WCSPH (weakly compressible SPH) to

simulate two-way coupling in FSI. Numerical predictions for such

interactions involving rigid and elastic body could provide useful

knowledge in the possibility of implementing particle method in FSI. In

the first part, WCSPH is applied to simulate rigid body motion of barge

in regular waves. Vertical displacements of barge under different wave

conditions are calculated and their Response Amplitude Operators

(RAOs) and vertical bending moments (VBMs) are determined. Results

are then compared to experimental data and 2 other numerical data.

Secondly, forced oscillation tests are performed on a uniform flexible

barge using WCSPH for the 3D radiation problem. Hydrodynamic

coefficients, namely added mass and damping coefficients, are obtained

for the rigid body motions of heave and pitch, and the 2-node (2VB) and

3-node (3VB) symmetric distortion mode shapes, including coupling

terms. These are compared with potential flow (using 3D

hydroelasticity) and RANS (using STAR-CCM+) predictions. Domain

size, particle numbers and damping zones are modified based on

different frequencies of oscillation, allowing the free surface to be well

captured by WCSPH.


101

"HIDRO-G": A GAME-BASED LEARNING (GBL)

DIGITAL APPLICATION FOR FUEL CELL

TECHNOLOGY

DUmi Azmah Hasran1, Siti Fadzilah Binti Mat Noor2, Rosseni Din3, Wan

Ramli Wan Daud4, Nur Fadhilah Abdul Jalil5 1,4,5Institut Sel Fuel, UKM, 2Fakulti Teknologi & Sains Maklumat, UKM,

3Fakulti Pendidikan, UKM

[email protected]

Fuel cell has been identified as a highly potential technology in

contributing to Malaysia's low carbon industry. However, fuel cell

technology is not yet well known to the public, and to students in

particular. The need analysis study, previously carried out on a group of

students, found that most students in the target group did not know and

understand about fuel cell technology and its usage in everyday life.

However, students are also very interested in learning about fuel cell

technology when the learning method is simple and fun. Therefore, a

digital mobile game application called "Hydro-G" is developed for the

purpose of delivering the basic knowledge that focuses on fuel cell

technology to the target group comprising high school students.

Indirectly, students will be able to apply the knowledge of fuel cell

technology in their daily lives, thereby raising awareness of low-carbon

technologies that are currently drawing a global interest. Based on the

game-based learning strategy (GBL), Hydro-G is expected to boost

students' interest and motivation to learn the subjects related to fuel cell

technology by a more fun method of playing while learning. This will be

the first GBL application that focuses on fuel cell using Malay language

as the medium of instruction.

Keywords: fuel cell education, game-based learning, learning

taxonomy, mobile game, digital app


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SUSTAINABLE DRINKING WATER AND

ELECTRICITY SUPPLIES WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY

WATER REFINE TECHNOLOGY (REWART)

Chun Ming Chew* and K.M. David Ng

Techkem Group,

No. 5, Jalan Prima Tropika Barat 2, Taman Prima Tropika,

43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor MALAYSIA

*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

The World Bank collection of development indicators in 2015 has shown

that there were 25.3% of Malaysia’s population still living in rural

villages. A significant number of these villages in the state of Sarawak

are currently without access to public piped water supply and electricity

from the national grid networks. In March 2018, a corporate social

responsibility (CSR) project initiated by Techkem Group with the

support from the state assembly representative of Balingian, Sarawak

has been successfully implemented. Under this project, a long house

(over 50 residents) without

public piped water supply and electricity from the national grid

networks was chosen. The Renewable Energy WAter Refine Technology

(REWART) system has been installed at the long house to provide clean

drinking water and electricity to the residents by harnessing solar

energy. This system consists of 2 types of solar panels to convert solar

energy into thermal energy and electricity. The first type of solar panel

harnesses solar energy or irradiation as thermal energy for the treatment

of river water into pure water through the distillation process. This solar

panel is also known as wick-type solar still which is a proven technology

to purify raw water from harmful dissolved constituents to produce safe

and clean drinking water. The second type of panel utilized in this

project is the solar photovoltaic panel which are made from

semiconductor materials to generate electricity. Conventional solar-

powered water treatment systems rely heavily on electricity (generated

by solar photovoltaic panels) for the filtration process to produce clean

drinking water from river sources. Commercial solar photovoltaic panel

has an efficiency of 22% or below and decreases as the panel

temperature increases due to high solar irradiation. Results have

indicated that the wick-type solar still utilized in the REWART system


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has shown distillation process efficiency of up to 50% for solar

irradiation of 1,000 W/m2. Unlike solar photovoltaic panel, the wick-type

solar still actually has an increase of efficiency as the solar irradiation

increases. The 300W solar photovoltaic panels installed have been

utilized to generate electricity for the river water intake pump and

illuminates light bulbs in the long house during night time. A

comprehensive energy storage facility with deep-cycle batteries and

solar charge controller has been designed and installed as part of the

system. Utilization of renewable solar energy to produce clean water is

in accordance to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) number 6

and 7 proposed by the United Nation (UN) in 2015. The combination of

these 2 types of solar panels in the REWART system enables efficient

and sustainable production of drinking water and electricity for the rural

villagers.

Keywords: Sustainable, renewable energy, solar distillation, solar

photovoltaic, water treatment

Figure 1. The REWART system at Balingian, Sarawak


104

FLOODSENSED INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) FLOOD

MONITORING SYSTEM WITH SOCIAL MEDIA

ALERTS (www.floodsensed.com)

Marsha Azizah Bt Ahmad Shamsuddin


Floods disrupt the social systems of the countries and the cities and

cause enormous economic losses. Impacts produced by increased runoff

in urban setting are as the followings:

- loss of human life

- flooding of housing, commercial and industrial properties

- flooding of streets, intersections and transportation systems, causing

traffic delays

- inflow of storm water into sanitary sewers

- damage to public and personal property

- health hazards

- disruption of services such as water supply, sewerage and power

supply

- delays in public transportation

- economic losses

- pollution of local waterways and receiving water bodies

Early flood predictions and detections can reduce the above risk factors.

Waterborne diseases outbreaks such as Dengue, Malaria, Typhoid ,

Leptospirosis can be contained. Clean water supplies can be provided


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and flood mitigation plans can be implemented in flood prone areas.

Having flood detection device we will be able gather insights of flood

occurrences any particular sites and inform the authorities such as

Emergency Response Teams(ERT) and the municipalities to be well

prepared. Floodsensed is a D.I.Y IoT Flood monitoring system with

social media alerts such as Facebook, Telegram , Line chat app , slack

channels apart from SMS, voice calls and map visualization alert mobile

apps. The purpose of this system is solve traffic congestions issues at

urban areas during flash flood, we want to route traffics upon flood

detections using our flood sensing device and alert via social medias and

map visualization. We hope to integrate with traffic management apps

like Waze, Google direction maps. Floodsensed (www.floodsensed.com)

is a project supported by Open Data Institute U.K

(www.theodi.org)(https://theodi.org/organisation/floodsensed/) under

Asean Data Accelerator Program Cohort 2

(www.aseandatastartupaccelerator.com) and MDeC (www.MDeC.my)

and located at 2nd Floor , Startups Incubator, University of Malaya, Kuala

Lumpur.

https://theodi.org/organisation/floodsensed/

http://www.mdec.my/


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ULTRASENSITIVE FIBER-OPTICS MICROPHONE FOR

STRUCTURAL CONDITION MONITORING

Kok-Sing Lim, Muhammad Khairol Annuar Zaini, Yen-Sian Lee, Nurul

Asha Mohd Nazal, Harith Ahmad

We proudly present the use of superstructured gratings (SSG) pair for

acoustic wave sensing. Our finding indicates that the proposed SSG

device has a unique spectral property that offers superior sensitivity in

spectral discrimination of the matched and interrogator gratings. In the

comparison with the conventional grating sensor, the proposed SSG

sensor is sensitive to elastic wave and even acoustic sound with a

superior sensitivity, 10 times greater than that of conventional grating

sensor. Acoustic emission excited in mechanical structure can be

detected by proposed sensor, the dynamic response is comparable with

the signal detected by conventional piezoelectric (PZT) sensor. The

analysis indicates that detected signal from the proposed sensor has a

good temporal and spectral coherence with the signal from the PZT

sensor. With a simple modification, the proposed SSG system can be

converted into a fiber-optic accelerometer, hydrophone and microphone,

useful in various monitoring applications for high voltage transformer,

power generator, turbine, O&G piping system, patient vital and etc. The

fiber optic sensors inherit many advantages, such as immunity to

electromagnetic interference, compact size, high resolution, safety in

hazardous environments, high sensitivity, low noise, high durability

against chemical corrosion, the possibility of processing the signal at a

long distance from the sensor with little degradation and etc.


107

TEMPERATURE TUNABLE GREEN ADHESIVE

POLYMER ELECTROLYTES (T2GAPE) FOR GREEN

FUTURE S. Ramesh1, K. Ramesh1, B. Vengadaesvaran2, N.K. Farhana1,

Norshahirah M.Saidi1

1Centre for Ionics University of Malaya, Department of Physics, Faculty

of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Center (UMPEDAC),

University Malaya, 50603

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Biopolymer electrolytes have been widely investigated for dye-

sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and battery applications by several

researchers. Improvements in solid polymer electrolyte membrane

characteristics are of great interest as it can replace the liquid electrolytes

currently used in electrochemical devices. In this research, a membrane,

which can alter its adhesive property when the working temperature of

the energy device increases beyond 50o C, is developed. The change in

the adhesive property is attributed to the heat sensitive nature of the

membrane, which makes the membrane, exhibits a temperature-tunable

adhesion property. A polymer electrolyte membrane composed of

copolymer and inorganic salt was prepared using solution casting

technique. The electrolyte material has excellent performance

characteristics and safety features such as temperature tunable adhesion.

The temperature tunable adhesive polymer electrolyte does exhibit other

excellent properties such as being mechanically elastic. It can elongate

up to 200 % from its original length when stretched. The elasticity of the

polymer electrolyte finds its importance in improving the efficiency of

the electrochemical devices. A thinner polymer electrolyte with narrow

separating space between the electrodeelectrolyte interfaces will reduce

the polymer electrolyte’s surface resistivity. The polymer is highly

transparent, adhesive towards all types of materials inclusive of PTFE

and has high ionic conductivity. The nature of this polymer electrolyte

has attracted the attention of two industries which are currently

collaborating with us.

Keywords: Polymer electrolytes; DSSC; Ionic conductivity


108

FIBER LASER SOLDERING MACHINE

Farazila Binti Yusof, Mohamad Badrol Hisyam Bin Mahyuddin, Lai

Kwong Yih, Tan Ai Ting, Sulaiman Wadi Bin Harun


With the advancement of silicon wafer technology, integrated circuit (IC)

packaging is now much smaller which lead to narrower pitch spacing

and smaller PCB. Conventional soldering method using tip is no more

viable since the tip is quite big and cannot be used on small IC. While

oven method impose heat on the whole PCB including the IC, which

lead to IC damage and performance deterioration. To overcome this

problem, a new technique is developed, by using laser. We propose the

use of fiber type laser, which is regarded as the future laser. We use

ytterbium-doped fiber laser system, capable of providing average laser

power up to 100W, continuous and pulsed operation up to 14 MHz and

controlled beam diameter down to 10 micrometers. This proposed

system will be much superior compared to other competitor that mainly

use semiconductor laser that have limited pulsed capability and low

beam quality. In addition, the proposed system will have extended

functionality where it can also be used to engrave PCB, joining non-tin

compound and thin sheet cutting. The system is also equipped with

motorized XYZ platform and a 7� touch screen LCD display, for user

friendly interaction.

Keywords: Soldering, Machine, Laser, Fiber


109

DEVELOPMENT OF ULTRA-LIGHTWEIGHT

CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITE APPLYING MODIFIED

EXPANDED PERLITE

Loh Zhi Pin, Leong Geok Wen, Mo Kim Hung

Lightweight element is getting more important and trendy in the

construction industry due to its advantages of having lower self-weight,

transportation and handling cost and faster building rates. Thus, various

types of lightweight concrete had been developed by incorporating

materials such as vermiculite, foam and polystyrene bead to achieve

concrete density less than 2000kg/m3. An innovative new and lighter

material, modified expanded perlite (MEP) has made ultra-lightweight

concrete with density less than 1400kg/m3 possible. Using this material,

a breakthrough in research has led to the development of ultra-

lightweight cementitious composite (ULCC) by using MEP. Tailor-made

ULCC to accommodate different usages has successfully achieved

densities between 900 – 1200 kg/m3 and compressive strength between

10.4 – 23.4 MPa.. A tougher and stronger ULCC is developed by

reinforcing it with fibres, making it a comparable and competitive

alternative to conventional lightweight concrete. Thus, the performance

and the versatility of ULCC emit high potential to be developed as a new

material in special structures such as decorative concrete, floating

structure or even load-bearing applications.


110

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY TESTER

P.Ganesana1, F.Zaiba1

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,

University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Thermal conductivity tester has been developed in-house at Faculty of

Engineering to measure the effective thermal conductivity of soft

material, sandwiched material, pad and even film type under different

pressure. The tester is built according to the standard test condition,

ASTM D5470. ASTM D5470 published in 1993 is a standard test method

to measure effective thermal conductivity of thermally conductive solid

electrical insulation materials. The figure of thermal conductivity tester

is shown below. The tester consists of two Aluminum bar of known

thermal conductivity with different application of temperature (cooling

and heating), across which heat is transferred. Sample is placed between

the Aluminum bar and subjected to be pressed from 4 to 7 Kg. Electrical

heat is applied at the upper aluminum bar while heat sink is fabricated

at the bottom of the bar. Three temperature sensor (Resistance Thermal

Detector (RTD)) are placed in each bar. The temperature gradient

include the location of the temperature sensors are measured to obtained

the surface temperature of each aluminum bar. The temperature

difference and heat flux can be measured once the steady state achieved.

The thermal conductance can be determining by Fourier’s law, obtaining

the ratio of the heat flux to the temperature drop across the interface.

The heat flux of sample can be defined as;

Ө = (ΔT x Area)/Heat Flow


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1. Lead Screw: Applied pressure to sample.

2. Acrylic.

2.1: Acrylic (fix).

2.2: Acrylic (not fix) - Pressed down by screw.

2.3: Acrylic (not fix) - Pressed down leading by 2.2 plate.

2.4: Base acrylic (fix).

3. Ceramic: Macor ceramic use between cartridge heater and acrylic

plate to reduce hot temperature flow through acrylic.

4. Aluminum Bar (Heating)

Contain 250w cartridge heater with constant temperature applied 80⁰C.

Aluminum bar is mounted to sample trough acrylic.

5. Aluminum Bar (Cooling)

Aluminum bar with fabricated heat sink is mounted trough acrylic plate.

Water pipe flow in and out through the heat sink to increase the cooling

function.

6. Spring: 8 springs are place below the acrylic plate (2.3). Each spring (k

= 0.0312 kg/mm) has been calculated to be able to undergo 7kg of

pressure applied. The length value of spring being pressed will be used

in calculating pressure (in Newton) applied onto sample.

7. RTD: RTD is installed to detect temperature for cartridge heater and

control the temperature applied.

8. RTD: 6 RTDs are installed to detect temperature at heating and

cooling part. There is a data logger to collect and record all the

temperature data from RTDs.

9. Ceramic blanket: Used by wrapping the aluminum bar during testing

to reduce heat lost.


113

LONG RANGE RF BEACON LOCATOR USING

STANDALONE NETWORK

Muhammad Amirul Iman Bin Zalzilah Rashidi, Shameer Shah Bin Sani,

Muhammad Hafiz bin Harun, Muhammad Amzar Bin Mohamad Nasir,

Mohamad Badrol Hisyam Bin Mahyuddin


Hiking and jungle trekking are one of the favorite outdoor activity

among Malaysians. However, our dense forest, hilly terrain and heavy

rain climate contribute to high tendency for trekkers to get lost. This

system is developed to overcome this problem by providing low cost but

long range personal beacon, without relying on commercial GSM and

satellite network. The system utilizes new generation LoRa technology,

which able to establish standalone wireless communication up to 8000 m

range while consuming very low electrical power. The system consists of

3 parts: 1. a portable beacon that have GPS receiver and LoRa transmitter

that will transmit accurate lat/long position every 10 minutes. It is

equipped with 3000 mAh battery so that it able to operate for up to 30

days. It also has two buttons, for medical emergency and lost. 2. A relay

node, which act as a range extender that will be place in stationary mode

in every 4 km radius and powered by solar panel, which also can be

equipped with other related sensors for environment and intrusion

monitoring. 3. A control panel that normally place in the Forestry

Department office, where the authority can monitor the trekkers

movement and emergency call. It can also can provide environment data

and intrusion warning. If the relay node is properly placed, the system is

able to have very wide coverage, spanning to hundreds of kilometers

away which eventually can cover the whole forest in Malaysia.

Keywords: LoRa, Hiking, Jungle Trekking, Beacon


114

ALEPS: ADAPTIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT FOR

PHYSICS PROBLEM-SOLVING

Siti Soraya Abdul Rahman, Norisma Idris, Nurul Fazmidar Mohd Noor


ALEPS is an e-learning tool that assists students to solve Physics

problem. The fundamental principle underlying the design of ALEPS is

Polya’s four-step problem-solving model. ALEPS guides students

through Physics problem-solving process in stages from understanding

of problem (the understanding module), to the stage of planning

solution to the problem (the planning module) and from executing the

plan through creation of simulation as verification of understanding of

the problem (the simulation module). The understanding module aims

at assisting students to identify problem features in Physics (i.e. known,

unknown, and domain). The planning module guides students to plan

solution by providing means of sketching a free-body diagram and

assistance through retrieval of related worked-examples. The simulation

module provides a platform for students to create a representation of

their understanding via simulation based on the identified Physics

principles and the implemented plan. The simulation allows students to

verify the accuracy of their solution.

Keywords: e-Learning tool, Physics problem, problem-solving


115

MACHINE VISION INSPECTION SYSTEM FOR

SORTING AND GRADING FRUITS

Usman Ghani

SEGi University

According to the Automated Imaging Association (AIA), machine vision

encompasses all industrial and non-industrial applications in which a

combination of hardware and software provide operational guidance to

devices in the execution of their functions based on the capture and

processing of images. Though industrial computer vision uses many of

the same algorithms and approaches as educational and military

applications of computer vision, constraints are different. Industrial

vision systems demand greater robustness, reliability, and stability

compared with an academic vision system and typically cost much less

than those used in military applications. Therefore, industrial machine

vision implies low cost, acceptable accuracy, high robustness, high

reliability, and high mechanical, and temperature stability. Machine

vision inspection systems rely on digital sensors protected inside

industrial cameras with specialized optics to acquire images, so that

computer hardware and software can process, analyze, and measure

various characteristics for decision making. The proposed system

designed for repetitive inspection tasks. The desired machine vision

inspection system typically included an input source, optics, lighting, a

part sensor, a frame grabber, a PC platform, inspection software, digital

I/O and a network connection. Knowing that selection of reliable and

precise hardware components and an efficient and an effective software

are perhaps the most important part for the construction of an automatic

sorting and grading inspection system. This proposed system is

constructed with the help of Arduino based motors and digital sensor

modules and several software such as Arduino IDE, Droid Cam and

MATLAB are used for controlling hardware and dealing with inspection

and grading process. The working process of desired system is that

camera captures the live video of the fruit and detects it with the help of

a source code created with the help of MATLAB then fruit will be moved

through the color sensor which sense the color of fruit and gives output

to the RGB LED which gives presentable output to the end user. These


116

sensors will work with the help of an Arduino microcontroller and

regulate by Arduino IDE software. The subsystem of the inspection and

grading system is based on servo motors which is used for sorting fruits

on the bases of image processing and color sensing done at primary

level. This proposed system provides the solutions that ensures the

grading of fruits on the bases of shape and color of specific fruit. The

design of the system is reliable for repeating inspection process also the

design is very effective and reliable for using at small industrial and

agricultural level because it is very cost effective due to the economical

maintenance, light material and portable design of the system. It is

energy efficient also because the entire system runs with the help of

microcontroller which needs small amount of current and voltage.

Keywords: Servo motor, Color sensing module, Microcontroller,

MATLAB, Arduino IDE


117

GREEN PERVIOUS CONCRETE DRAIN SLAB

Mahmood Soofinajafi, Soon Poh Yap University of Malaya

Concrete is the most common construction materials in the world. It is

fundamentally composed of 3 main ingredients: water, cement and

aggregates. With the expansion of urbanization and industrial culture,

many developing countries are under the constant threat of

environmental pollutions from construction industry, particularly the

construction and demolition wastes. These wastes are typically non-

degradable. Recycling and reusing of such materials as Recycled Coarse

Aggregate (RCA) to produce green concrete, presents the opportunity

for a sustainable solution with additional environmental benefits such as

landfill and pollution reductions. Studies had been conducted to apply

RCA in different types of concrete. This project presents a significant

utilization of RCA to fabricate pervious concrete for non-structural

application, that is as cover slabs in a residential building drainage.

Pervious concrete is a special concrete as it has high level of pores which

allows water to infiltrate. Some of the benefits of porous concrete are

controlling storm water runoff and restoring ground water supplies due

to its permeability. In addition, pervious concrete is having superior

properties such as acoustic absorption, heat and humidity regulation,

dynamic insulation and chemical filtration. But what specially separates

this material from other alternative options is its sustainability aspect.

Based on the research works conducted, in the production of the RCA

pervious concrete, RCA constitutes more than 90 percent of weight of

the final product. Such properties make this concrete very economical

and environmental friendly. It has been investigated that these produced

slabs have permeability of around 100 liters every 3 seconds. Moreover,

RCA pervious concrete is also lightweight, as a positive point, provides

a smoother transport and installation process. The high level of

permeability, next to high amounts of recycled material replacement and

finally the economical-friendliness of this green product makes it a very

appealing alternative for the future of construction and concrete

industries and a sustainable development.


118

Keywords: Concrete, Pervious Concrete, Recycled Concrete Aggregate,

RCA, Green Technology, Sustainability


119

DEVELOPMENT OF PROBABILITY SAFETY

ASSESSMENT FOR PUSPATI TRIGA NUCLEAR

REACTOR TO ASSESS SYSTEM AND SAFE

OPERATION RELIABILITY

Mazleha Maskin1,2, Fedrick Charlie Brayon3, Ahmad Hassan Sallehudin

Mohd Sarif4 and Faizal Mohamed1, * 1 Science Nuclear Programme, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of

Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi,

Selangor. 2 Reactor Technology Center, Malaysian Nuclear Agency,

Bangi, Selangor. 3 Atomic Energy Licensing Board, Dengkil, Selangor. 4 University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

A level-I probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) for Puspati TRIGA

nuclear reactor (RTP) has been develop. This includes a new list of

postulated initiating events, new several components reliability data and

a new development on plant-specific data procedure. Level-I PSA is

specifically a failure model of the plant, which at the same time

identifying accident progression scenario and estimating the likelihood

of the scenario. Results for a level-I PSA is quantitatively presented as

the core damage frequency (CDF). The main aim in this research is to

assess the risk or safety component reliability of RTP by using Level 1

PSA model and at the same time to develop procedures for analysing

plant-specific raw data. Accident sequences and system analysis were

modelled using small event trees and large fault trees approach using

Risk Spectrum® PSA software. Two sources of data were used, plant-

specific and generic data. And both data were treated using first-stage

Bayesian updates. The comprehensive analysis processes involved in

this study are: identification and selection of important IEs,

identification of core damage end-states, quantification of parameter

estimation for both initial IEs and components, modelling of accident

sequences and system analysis and development of a specific data

procedure. Two main research outputs generated in this study are: (1) a

complete step-by-step Level-1 PSA study for RTP; and (2) a procedure in


120

collection, and interpretation, of specific information on component

failure events, abnormal occurrences, and plant operational history

consists of all related parameter estimation from the viewpoint of PSA

needs. Results from this study conclude; seven most probable IEs for

RTP were obtained using five systematic approaches and as a basis for

the development of seven ETs which consists of 172 cases. Four core

damage end-states were determined with most conservative

assumptions, 34 FTs and list of minimal cut sets (MCS) are among the

results from comprehensive studies mentioned earlier. In indicating how

important each basic event in FTs, importance analysis was concluded to

complement MCS-list. Finally, the value of interest, core damage

frequency (CDF) was estimated to be 9.99x10–5 per reactor year, which is

smaller than 10–4, as per recommended by the IAEA standard criterion

for PSA level-I. Procedures for developing specific raw data for a nuclear

research reactor were successfully developed. This study provides input

to decision makers on optimal strategies for reducing the levels of risk

and at the same time provide information on accident consequences

which will be imperative to operators if any abnormal events occurred.

The development of plant-specific raw data procedure and availability

of reliability data for specific systems components or basic events will

facilitate other nuclear research facilities in developing their own level-I

PSA as an important basis for conducting quantitative risk assessment

for such a complex facility.

Keywords: probabilistic safety assessment, internal initiating event,

PSA level-I, risk, assessment


121

E-SAVING CLASSROOM

Yeow Seuk Fei, Nadya Abdullah, Suziati Salleh, Mohamed Faisal Abdul

Waduth, Mohammad Emran Rusli

Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Jalan

Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

[email protected]

The operational cost for Universiti Selangor (UNISEL) Bestari Jaya

Campus is currently high. Electricity bill has been a major concern which

leads to the high operational cost in the campus. Electrical consumption

should be minimalized in order to reduce the high electricity bill.

Previously, all the air conditioners and lights in every classroom are

manually on and off. The proposed of E-saving classroom is to reduce

the unnecessary waste of electrical energy due to human factor. This E-

saving classroom will have a control mechanism that will automatically

on and off the electrical appliances in the classroom based on human

presence detected by PIR sensors. PIR sensors will sense human

presence and send the signal to the control panel which comprises of

contactors, timers and relays. The control panel is designed to switch on

electrical appliances in classroom by sequence to avoid high starting

current. The control panel is characterized by simple use, low

installation cost and available in both automatic and manual control

mechanism. Findings show that the implementation of E-saving

classroom managed to save 5.5% of electricity cost.

Keywords: energy saving, human factor, PIR sensors, automatic

control mechanism


122

FIELDWORK ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL

PERFORMANCE OF RUSK HUSK (RH) CLAY BRICK

MASONRY HOUSE MODEL USING INFRARED

THERMOGRAPHY (IRT)

Rafikullah Deraman, Abdul Halid Abdullah, Sasitharan Nagapan, Nor

Haslinda Abas & Muhammad Fikri Hasmori

Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein

Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja, Batu Pahat. Johor, Malaysia

In Malaysia, 70% of energy consumption is used to cooling the indoor

environment for building occupants’ thermal comfort. The high-energy

consumption is mostly tied to the poor of one of the important

determinants of building energy usage, which is thermal performance of

the building envelope. Reducing energy consumption of buildings has

become vital, taking into considerations the limitation of conventional

energy resources and the adverse effects associated with the use of such

type of energy on the environment. Selecting proper thermal properties

of a building envelope plays a major role in determining the energy

consumption patterns and comfort conditions in enclosed spaces. To

enhance the energy efficiency of buildings, it is imperative that low

thermal conductivity brick materials need to be used. On the other side,

the massive production of agricultural wastes has increased every year.

In Malaysia, 1.44 million tons of agricultural wastes such as rice husk,

banana peel, empty fruit bunch, corn stalk and sunflower stalk are being

disposed into landfills annually. Consequently, the government has to

assign more hectares of land for the huge waste disposal, leading to

further financial losses deriving from transportation and maintenance.

Numerous studies have been conducted to identify the potential of

agricultural waste as suitable poring agents and low in thermal

conductivity used in the commercialization of building materials.

Recycling of waste generated from agricultural and industrial activities

as environmentally friendly building materials appears to be a viable

solution nowadays not only to curb pollution but also to address the

problem of economic design of buildings. The purpose of this research is

to extend investigation of the possible application of rice husk (RH)


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masonry brick as compared to common clay masonry brick with thermal

performance assessment over a period using infrared thermography

(IRT) and environmental tool an assessment of the effectiveness of RH

waste as an agent for brick thermal insulation. Two small-scale model

houses were built with size of 1800mm long x 1500m width x 2700mm

height complete with door and window ventilation each with different

masonry products. These house models were designed and developed

with RH waste clay bricks and with common clay brick (as control

brick). The model houses were monitored over the study location for the

period of time. Mini environmental quality meter and infrared

thermography camera were used to assess and record the thermal

performance of the wall which were include ambient temperature,

relative humidity, wind speed and surface temperature of the inside and

outside wall. Detailed analysis revealed that the developed RH masonry

model house was more thermally-resistant and cooler than common clay

brick masonry model house. The RH masonry house model minimizes

energy use through the reduction of surface temperature, indoor

ambient temperature and thus provides indoor comfort. The result of

this research indicates clearly that RH waste is a potential additive

material for thermal property enhancement of the building envelope.

This research contributes to the promotion of passive and low energy

building towards a sustainable construction and green building.

Keyword: Masonry house model, rice husk waste, clay brick, thermal

performance, Infrared Thermography (IRT)


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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PORTABLE

POWERPACK USING LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES AS

AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE

Mohd Darnalis A Rahman; Mohd Azril Amil; Mohamad Hafiz Ismail;

Nurudin Habeed Settar; Sahrul Izwan Sarwadi ; Mohamed Faisal Abdul

Waduth.

Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor.

In the coming years, the world will greatly need energy supply due to

fast growth in the world population and aspiration of people for higher

standards of living. The conventional portable power generation system

mostly depends on carbon-based fuel which leads to a higher carbon

footprint and ecological pollution effect. This is a pilot project to enable

high-density power to be portable, affordable and to be used by

everyone to manage light power usages such as lighting, remote

monitoring system, etc. A portable power pack prototype is designed,

fabricated and tested. The basic of the system is a 12 V DC cells with the

capacity of 400 Wh which consist of 30 units of NCR18650B 3400 mAh

battery cells coupled with a 130 W output 240 V AC inverter. Which

enable a high energy density with a power to weight ratio of 200 Wh/kg.

A (3S5P) cell configuration are used to develop a single parallel module

power pack. Two modules are used in this portable power pack

prototype. Theoretically, this 400 Wh battery pack would be able to

power 5pcs 18 W 240 V AC light bulbs for 4 hours continuously or any

equivalent load. In the future, the power pack can be up-scale to fulfill

higher power needs. The application of this high-density portable power

pack is limitless especially to cater the portable electrical equipment and

the automotive industries. Furthermore, this system can be coupled with

the use of PV solar energy harvesting system from the sun will enable

the users to self-sustain their electric power and use this system in

remote locations off the grid.

Keywords: 18650 cells, portable powerpack, high density energy

storage, single parallel battery module.


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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANIMATRONIC

ROBOTIC HAND

Nadya Abdullah, Mohamed Faisal Abdul Waduth, Yeow Seuk Fei,

Suziati Salleh, Mohammad Emran Rusli

Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Jalan

Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

[email protected]

An animatronic is a technique of making and operating life like robots or

being a puppet or similar figure that is animated by means of

electromechanical devices. A robot is a machine that functions in place

of a living agent. The concept of robotic hand will be implemented to

develop the animatronic robotic hand using wireless technology. The

design of animatronic robotic hand is done through CATIA software

and the main control board is developed using Arduino microcontroller.

It will receive voltage signals from the teaching robot via analog pins

using flex sensors and transforms the signals into position commands

for the motion of each joint on every fingers of the animatronic robotic

hand. The result shows that the model of animatronic robotic hand

mimics motion from the teaching robot. This animatronic robotic hand

has a commercial value in various fields like chemical industry, medical

application and manufacturing industries. As for social responsibility,

the animatronic robotic hand can be used as teaching and learning tools

for purpose of exposure to young generations.

Keywords: Animatronic, Arduino, Wireless technology


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THE EFFECTS OF TIN SLAG PARTICLE SIZES ON

FIBRE-REINFORCED POLYMER STRENGTHENING

PERFORMANCE

Siti Safarah Amirnuddin1, Muhamad Faidzal Mohd1, Shukur Abu

Hassan1,2*, Balqis Omar3, Mohd Yazid Yahya1,2

1School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti

Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 2Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia, 81310

Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 3School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia, 81310

Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia


Tin slag is a waste product of tin smelting. Due to its radioactive content,

tin slag waste cannot be disposed off easily. In order to overcome this

current problem, researches for future applications of tin slag are being

carried out. For example, there are studies on tin slags being used either

as filler or aggregates replacement in polymer concrete and cement-

based

concrete. In addition, sustainable development in the construction

industry and conservation of natural resources require using recycled

and industrial by-products of all kinds in construction. The high silica

content of tin slag is expected to offer enhancement in compressive

strength for concrete in general. Thus, in this research, a series of

experimental studies of the tin slag polymer concrete (TSPC) were

carried out to investigate the effect of tin slag particle sizes on their

strengthening performance under compressive load. Carbon fibre-

reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP)

were used as concrete wrapping materials. They significantly enhanced

the strength and ductility of concrete by forming perfect adhesive bond

between concrete and the wrapping material. In this study, tin slag

particles were classified into four different sizes. The raw of tin slag was


127

sieved and mixed with unsaturated polyester resin using different

mixture weight ratio. Then, the samples were moulded and cured in

Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) tubes. After being wrapped with GFRP and

CFRP, the samples were loaded under compression using Instron 600

kN machine with loading rate of 1 mm/min in accordance to ASTM C

579-01. The parameters interactions were investigated. The test results

were then correlated with compressive strength, modulus and

deformation. The result shows that the tin slag from the type of semi fine

(1mm) is the best size to make a solid material for both wrapped by

CFRP and GFRP. This is due to its high compressive load and

compressive stress with a function of compressive extension. However,

from the results, sample SFCF is stronger and more rigid than SFGF due

to its compressive load and stress. This means that the different sizes of

tin slag particles and different wrapping materials influence the

mechanical properties of the sample. It was observed that the maximum

strength varied between the four sizes of particles confirming that the

size of tin slag has higher impact on the strength of the sample and the

CFRP has higher compressive load and stress with a function of

compressive extension compared to glass fibre, therefore the best to

improve the strength of the TSPC.

Keywords: Tin slag, Tin Slag Polymer Concrete, Fibre-Reinforced

Polymer, strengthening performance, compression


128

SELF-CLEANING MOBILE ULTRAFILTRATION UNIT

FOR CLEAN WATER SUPPLY

Mohd Azlan Hussain


The objective of this project is to supply clean water, using Ultrafiltration

membrane technology, especially for rural areas. The system is also an

alternative technology to produce potable water for critically affected

villages during floods. The unit is a mobile system that can be

dispatched to any site in a very short time and is able to process

significant quantities of water ranging from 500-800L/h depending on

the quality of the raw water. It is also easy to maintain due to the

automatic cleaning concept and can use solar power to drive the system.

It is a compact unit with low energy consumption: It is a self-cleaning

unit which smartly adjusts the frequency of the backwash based on the

quality of the raw water. It is mobile, easy to operate, involves a plug-

and-play concept and can be operated by solar power. It can supply

about 800-1000 liters per hour continuously and is easy to be operated by

any personnel in the remote villages. It does not use any chemicals in its

operation which make it safe to be handled by the villagers. The

invention had been useful to supply clean water from floods water and

river during the big floods in Malaysia at the end of 2014. It is also at

present being used to supply water to rural areas and remote villages in

various parts of Malaysia (5 Villages at the moment) and a distributor

has also been appointed to market the product, which has great

commercial potential locally and internationally


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IMMERSIVE TECHNOLOGY: OBSERVATORY

SELANGOR VR TOUR

Khalid bin Deris1, Mohd Fauzi bin Ali2, Mohd Azli bin Adnan3

1.2,3 Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah

[email protected]

Virtual reality (VR) content development in education has grown

steadily as Mobile Virtual Reality (Mobile VR) technology is becoming

increasingly affordable and quality user experience across mobile

platforms. This research is conducted to investigate the potential of

Mobile VR namely Observatory Selangor VR Tour in Malaysian

Polytechnics education. Observatory Selangor VR Tour explore the

Selangor Observatory building including learning material content

presented in a form of a tour guide exploring the area of astronomy

pioneered by Islamic intellectual figures. Observatory Selangor VR Tour

was introduced to inspire the interest to explore the Mobile VR

technology through Science & Technology in Islam and immersive

technology in information technology courses taken by the Malaysian

Polytechnics students. This study was conducted using Android

smartphone Apps with Google Daydream Head Mounted Displays

(HMD) to explore Virtual Reality (VR) environments. This study

discusses the development of Mobile VR application development using

Google VR and Unity 3D and investigate the students acceptance of

Mobile apps guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). A

sample of 52 students participated in a quantitative survey using

modified TAM instrument for this research and the data analyzed using

SPSS. The results conclude that the students positively accept the use of

Mobile VR technology into the Science & Technology in Islam and

immersive technology in information technology courses.

Keywords: Virtual Reality, education, Immersive VR, Technology Acceptance

Model (TAM), Android Apps


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TURNING WASTE TO WEALTH FOR SUSTAINABLE

AND ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING

Iman Asadi, Norhayati Mahyuddin and Payam Shafigh

Center for Building,

Construction & Tropical Architecture (BuCTA), Faculty of Built

Environment,

University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Palm oil industries have been contributing significantly towards the

country’s economy and increase standard of living among Malaysians.

However, it has also been identified as the major contributor for

discharging the largest pollution load throughout the country. Hence,

the utilization from this industrial waste is seen to be an option to reduce

the production cost of the building construction materials. In the current

scenario, around 40% of total energy consumption is attributed to the

building sectors. Most of energy losses is occurred through building

envelopes such as roofs and external walls. Therefore, increasing

thermal insulation properties is considered as one of the best methods to

reduce the heat gain into the buildings. Concrete is one of the most

widely used construction materials in building sectors. The amount of

heat transfer through conduction is directly related to the thermal

conductivity of concrete. By turning waste to wealth, the replacement of

coarse aggregate by Oil-Palm-Boiler Clinker (OPBC), as a local waste in

industry, is an innovative method to produce energy efficient and

environmental friendly concrete. Thermal conductivity and compression

strength measurement have been proved the potential application of

OPBC concrete. Also, energy simulation verifies the energy efficiency of

this material in building applications. The application of proposed

materials is not limited to the insulation partitions and also would be

used as a structural envelope due to its high strength.

Keywords: Oil palm boiler clinker-Thermal conductivity-Thermal

comfort- Energy efficiency


131

LOW COST AND SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE

PAVEMENT FOR TROPICAL REGIONS

Payam Shafigha,b, Mohammad Hashemic, Mahmood Soofinajafia,b

aDepartment of Building Surveying, Faculty of Built Environment,

University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia bCenter for Building, Construction & Tropical Architecture (BuCTA),

Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala

Lumpur, Malaysia cDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of

Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

[email protected]; [email protected];

[email protected]

Road development is important step for economic development. A

variety of materials may be applied for road pavement construction but

generally two types of road pavements namely asphalt and cement

concrete are used. Roller-compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) is a type

of non-reinforced concrete pavement placed with high density paving

equipment and then compacted with vibratory rollers. RCCP can be

constructed more quickly and cost-effectively than conventional concrete

or most asphalt pavements. It needs low maintenance, has high

durability with competitive cost. RCCPs are environmental friendly

materials due to possibility of contributing cementitious materials such

as fly ash and slag in the concrete mixture. Coarse aggregate is one of the

important constituent materials for making RCCP. However, after

Portland cement, coarse aggregate is the next major source of CO2

emission. For producing a green RCCP, oil palm shell (OPS), as an

agricultural solid waste from palm oil industry, was used as coarse

aggregate in the concrete mixture. It was found that although by

replacing conventional coarse aggregate by OPS compressive and

splitting tensile strengths reduced, however, RCCP incorporating OPS

could be successfully produced in tropical region where there is palm oil

industry which OPSs are abundantly available.

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


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Keywords: Roller-compacted concrete pavement; Oil palm shell;

Compressive strength, Tensile strength, Sustainable construction

material


133

ALGAL BIOPHOTOVOLTAIC (BPV) DEVICE FOR

GENERATION OF BIOELECTRICITY

Siew-Moi Phang1, Fong-Lee Ng1, Vengadesh Periasamy2, Cheng-Han

Thong1, Kian-Ted Chong1

1Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya,

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Department of

Physics, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

The exploitation of renewable energy sources for delivering carbon

neutral or carbon negative solutions has become challenging in the

current era, because conventional fuel sources are of finite origins. Algae

are being used in the development of biophotovoltaic (BPV) platforms,

which are used to harvest solar energy for bioelectricity generation.

Algae are amongst the most efficient photosynthetic organisms;

amenable to growth on a wide range of substrates, and have high

tolerance for pollutants and toxic compounds, and even environmental

factors like temperature and irradiance. In photosynthesis, light-driven

splitting of water occurs, releasing a pair of electrons and generating O2.

The electrons can be harvested and converted to bioelectricity. During

photosynthesis, algae consume carbon dioxide and release oxygen, while

producing biomass. Compared to other technologies for carbon

sequestration, algae offer economical, sustainable and environmental-

friendly carbon reducing systems. The Algal Biophotovoltaic Device

(BPV) has evolved from the earliest prototype. Next generations of the

BPV had improved power outputs though use of new materials like

reduce graphene oxide (rGO), carbon paper and alginate-immobilised

algal biofilms. We identified suitable algal strains from the University of

Malaya Algae Culture Collection (UMACC), that grew well in both

inorganic culture medium as well as in palm oil mill effluent (POME),

fixed carbon into useful biomass that contained useful lipids, and

simultaneously generated bioelectricity. The power output from the

Algae BPV has increased from the earliest value of 0.13 mW m-2 to 0.27

mW m-2 with rGO and finally to 0.45 mW m-2 using carbon paper

anode and POME.


134

SMART IOT METERING SYSTEM (SIMS) AS AN

INTEGRATED TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

CONSUMPTION

Nasrin Aghamohammadi, Chng Saun Fong, Logaraj Ramakreshnan,

Mohammad Reza Khosravi, Saeid Alizadeh, Nik Meriam Nik Sulaiman


Recently, the use of Internet of Things (IoT) has grown rapidly in the

sense that it can identify, control, and monitor a network of devices such

as software, sensors and actuators that are connected to the internet. This

system of interrelated physical computing devices is widely utilized in

many applications for the enhancement and improvements via deep

machine learning. In the context of energy system, IOT allows the

exchange of data and commands which facilitates the potential

enhancement in efficiency which contribute to the improvement in

power supply reliability in future. By doing so, it is able to monitor and

analyse the consumption pattern and schedule the energy usage for the

maximization of the efficiency of electrical appliances. In the current

study, a Smart IOT Metering System (SIMS) was proposed to monitor

the energy consumption and to detect energy anomalies from Heating,

Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) as well as lighting appliances

in the selected zones at KDU College located in Damansara Jaya,

Selangor. The Kaizen methodology is adopted to SIMS for continuous

improvement in the energy system. Split core Current Transformer (CT)

sensors were installed at each critical endpoints for the continuous

monitoring of power usage in each main sectors. The consumption

pattern and anomalies in the energy system is observed for two months

through continuous data monitoring. A complete analysis was done by

extracting big data from the unified cloud-based monitoring system. A

Smart Controlling System is applied to adjust different plug-in devices

using feedback loops. As a result, electricity consumption per hour

showed an immediate reduction of 30% from 4.137 kW/h in April 2017 to

2.982 kW/h in Aug 2017 after the optimization. Besides that, the

maximum power usage per hour in May 2017 (7.318 kW/h) drop about

50% to 3.560 kW/h in the following month after implementing the


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optimization while maintaining the same utility pattern of electrical

appliances. Hence, it is evident that the implementation of SIMS has

brought positive implication towards the energy efficiency at KDU

College in a short period of six months. The advanced SIMS could be the

best means towards sustainable energy consumption which can be

indirectly translated into the reduction of carbon dioxides emissions and

operating cost while maximizing utility profit in the field of energy.


136

METHODS FOR CONVERTING NUMERICAL TEXT

FORMAT INTO LEXICAL

Yaser Darwesh, Mumtaz Begum Binti Peer Mustafa, Tawseef Khan


[email protected]

For enabling a text-to-speech system to synthesize speech with a high

degree of intelligibility and naturalness, the system must be able to deal

with non-lexical inputs such as numbers. As numbers come in a variety

of format, converting numbers to lexical is difficult. The inability

of accurately converting numbers to lexical, negatively affect the

intelligibility of synthesized speech. We are proposing a unique semi-

automated method for predicting and converting a variety of numbers

format from text into its appropriate lexical form so as to increase the

intelligibility of synthesized speech. The First part of the proposed

method is to accumulate large number of sentences containing numbers

from the target language. The main source for the accumulation process

is the web-based sources such as web-sites, Face-books and Twitter

messages. The sentences are processed to only include numbers and its

related formats. Upon the preparation of the large numerical text corpus,

the number format needs to be classified according to the respective

format. The labelling of the number format is made using semi-

automated way with the help of specially developed tool. Each number

data can only be classified as one type of format. The main aim of this

stage is provide a suitable label for the number format corpus. The

number format corpus and its related labels are used for performing

training using machine learning SVM algorithm. The algorithm learns to

discriminate the number format of the corpus using the related labels

prepared in 2.0. The outcome of the training process is a set of vectors

that relate the numbers, and its immediate previous and next symbols or

lexical data. The vectors developed during the training process are used

to predict the numerical formats and the numbers is then converted into

its lexical format using the standard NLP.


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SMART SPEECH TRAINING PLATE

Fatanah M.Suhaimi1, Nur Fatehah Mat Shakur1, Syatirah Mat Zin1, Siti

Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor1

1Craniofacial and Biomaterials Sciences Cluster, Advanced Medical and

Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia

Electropalatography (EPG) is a medical instrument used to analyze the

contact pattern between the hard palate and the tongue. EPG is usually

used to determine the speech disorder amongst cleft patient, Down's

syndrome, etc. Additionally, EPG is also used for correcting the speech

problem. During the speech recording, the subject will be asked to wear

an artificial palate also known as the Reading palate, which consists of

62 silver electrodes. The silver electrodes will produce a signal and send

it to the computer. The signals is processed in real-time during the

articulation, and contact pattern between the tongue and hard palate is

generated. However, before wearing Reading palate subjects were asked

to wear training plate. Training plate is a tool used to accommodate

tongue and allow the subjects to become accustomed to an unfamiliar

object in the mouth before wearing the Reading palate of EPG. Subjects

usually asked to wear training plate at least four hours per day before

EPG recording. Training plate is generally made from an acrylic resin

and has Adam wire around the upper teeth. Adam wire is used to

ensure the training plate retain in place. The use of training plate affects

the accuracy of EPG results. The speech pattern often fails to be accurate

because of the subject unable to speak normally during the recording.

Besides, therapists unable to monitor whether the subject has worn the

training plate as instructed. The objective of this study is to design a new

training plate with automatic detection during the usage. The new

training plate is fabricated from an acrylic resin, containing a touch

sensor and temperature sensor exposed to the lingual surface. Adam

clasps were embedded around first permanent molar teeth in retaining

the new training plate in place. The new design of training plate able to

detect human body temperature and contact between tongue and hard

palate. A temperature sensor is used to detect the body temperature

wheres touch sensor is used to identify the connection between tongue

and hard palate. The new training plate used an electronic system for


138

detecting the usage. Data of the usage will be displayed on a screen

monitor as a digital signal representing whether there is a contact

between tongue and hard palate. Additionally, data capture can be

transferred to a receiver via Bluetooth module and can be accessed in

real-time. Data also can be saved and retrieved for future reference.

Thus, the new training plate will help the therapist to obtain more

accurate and useful result since it will ensure the compliance of the

training plate usage. In conclusion, using the new system therapist can

monitor the usage of the training plate and therefore suggest a treatment

plan for speech therapy session according to the plate usage.

Keyword: Smart Training Plate, Electropalatography, Compliance

device, Speech


139

CATEGORY C



140

LASER-DRIVEN HOT NEEDLE FOR TISSUE

CAUTERIZATION AND PERCUTANEOUS

HYPERTHERMIA CANCER THERAPY

Hani Hareiza binti Abd Raziff, Daryl Tan, Kok-Sing Lim, Yin-How

Wong, Chai-Hong Yeong, Nurul Asha Mohd-Nazal, Harith Ahmad

Cancer has become a major economic and societal burden. The National

Cancer Registry of Malaysia (NCR) estimates that one in four Malaysian

(1:4) will develop cancer by the age of 75. This project aims to develop a

prototype named “Laser ablation needle” for tissue cauterization and

percutaneous hyperthermia cancer therapy. The project encompasses the

development of a fiber based laser-driven hot needle that serves two

clinical purposes: tissue cauterization during biopsy procedure and

hyperthermia therapy for various types of cancer such as liver, lung,

kidney, osteoblastoma and thyroid cancers. Our ultimate goal is to

develop a highly flexible, operator-friendly and cost-effective laser

ablation needle for tissue cauterization and hyperthermia cancer

therapy, hence to improve the overall cancer survival rate and quality of

life among the cancer patient population. In the fabrication, optical fibers

which commonly used in medical applications with a diameter of 800

μm (equivalent to 36 AWG) was used for laser delivery. The optical fiber

was embedded inside a biocompatible resin-made needle and connected

to a 450 nm high power blue laser diode. A Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)

temperature sensor was incorporated in the needle for real-time

temperature monitoring and control. Focal hyperthermia produced by

the laser-driven hot needle was applied to the soft tissue-equivalent

thermal sensitive acrylamide phantom. A blue thermochromic dye

(TCD) was added to the phantom for the visualization of thermal

ablation process. The temperature rise was recorded by varying the laser

power. The rise in temperature was recorded by increasing laser power.

The temperature profile was obtained at each depth. These preliminary

results suggest that this technique can be applied safely and effectively

for cancer treatment. The developed prototype comprised of the diode

laser showed that it can deliver its energy via simple optical fiber. This


141

laser is cheaper and much smaller than the conventional high power

lasers used in other studies.


142

MEDIPIPER WOUND-GARD

Hartini Yusofa, Mohamad Azlan Abd Majidb, Reena Leeba Richardb,

Teoh Teow Chingc & Muhammad Aiman Abdul Halima aCentre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak

Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. bDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. cInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Since the beginning of civilization, botanical remedies had been an integral

part throughout the world, particularly for medical reasons. Nonetheless, to

date, various commercial drugs had been combined with herbal plants.

However, with the newer technological advancement, these natural-based

approaches had steadily lost its ground to the influence of synthetic

medicine. Fortunately, most Asian countries are still integrating traditional

medicine into their health care treatment, especially in wound management.

Wound infection signifies the localized injury, excavation of the skin or

underlying soft tissue. The open wound may enable penetration of

pathogenic organisms as the wound area provides a suitable condition for

microbial growth. If left untreated, the infection may result in inflammation

and tissue damage that leads to the decreasing rate during the healing

process, and for severe cases, may lead to death. Despite various drugs

feasible to the consumers, scientists and researchers are in agreement that

over-used medicine may cause resistance of certain common organisms.

Due to the emergence of multi-resistant organisms and harsh chemical

content of numerous products available, MediPiper Wound-Gard had been

developed for wound treatment and promote healing. This set comprised of

gel and antiseptic spray. This product is mainly derived from fresh leaves

extract of Piper sarmentosum (P. sarmentosum) or locally known as ‘Kaduk’. P.

sarmentosum can be easily grown in tropical and subtropical countries,

notably in Malaysia. Globally, the herbal plant has been used traditionally to

treat various diseases and ailments, besides being consumed. Each part of


143

the plant (i.e. fruits, roots, leaves, stems, aerial parts) contained various

bioactive compounds such as alkaloid and amide. Laboratory data indicate

that P. sarmentosum was effective against a variety of common pathogens

such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.

aeruginosa), and Candida albicans (C. albicans). The antimicrobial activity of

crude methanolic leaves extract was then evaluated using disc diffusion and

microdilution broth method. The extract was further screened for the

presence of phytochemical compounds such as glycosides, alkaloids,

phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Besides, liquid chromatography-mass

spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was also incorporated to further determine

the bioactive compounds from the leaves extract. In conclusion, this product

will be an alternative to more advanced wound products that are available

in the market. The experimental findings further support other previous

studies and strengthen the current data on the efficiency of the leaves

extract, hence, providing a baseline for future studies on other plants.

Furthermore, the product development from P. sarmentosum enables us to

improve the quality of innovation, thus, supporting the sustainable growth

of plant materials as a primary source of health care.

Keywords: Piper sarmentosum; wound; antimicrobial activities;

phytochemical screening; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-

MS)


144

PIPERLISS CARE FOR BABY

Mohamad Azlan Abd Majida, Hartini Yusofb, Reena Leeba Richarda,

Teoh Teow Chingc & Mardhiah Ahmadb aDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. bCentre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak

Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. cInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

With the ever-increasing choices of products in the market coupled with

competitive prices posed a major impact towards the consumers. In recent

years, information can be obtained easily through social and mass media,

hence, parents are now paying extra attention on reading and

understanding the labels before purchasing a particular good. However,

with the current economic downturn as well as budget cuts, consumers are

now opting for cheaper products and had since neglected the importance of

obtaining quality products, particularly for their babies. Even researchers

and scientists are concerned with the chemical content of the products that

may cause impact on babies’ development. Several harsh chemical

substances that had been publicly known to cause a long-term effect that

includes parabens (e.g. methyl, propyl, butyl and ethyl paraben) and

sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). These chemicals are commonly found in

cosmetics, toiletries and even products for babies. Besides, the products are

not only harmful towards the user but also can cause considerable impact to

the environment. Therefore, it is vital for parents to limit their baby’s

exposure to harmful chemicals as it can be easily absorbed into the body

and potentially affecting their cells growth and function. This alarming

concern had led us to develop Piperliss Care for Baby that further comprised

of baby wipes, baby oil, head-to-toe wash, nappy balm and eczema cream

that contained non-toxic antimicrobial agent. The increasing awareness on

herbal remedies as an alternative had raised major interest in the

development of this product as it derived from fresh, pure Piper

sarmentosum (P. sarmentosum) leaves that are easily grown throughout the

region. The plant had been studied extensively over the years and had been


145

known to contain antibacterial, antiprotozoal, antifungal, antipsychotic,

antituberculosis, antimalarial, antioxidant, hypoglycaemic, and insecticidal.

Besides its’ therapeutic properties, this herb has also been widely used for

traditional treatment. The methanolic crude extract of P. sarmentosum leaves

had also undergone several tests to determine the antimicrobial activities

against several bacterial strains that are the common cause of skin

infections. In addition, phytochemical screening and liquid

chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses were also employed

to further identify compounds contained from the leaves. Furthermore, this

product also moistures the skin, prevents any redness or skin irritation, and

suitable for babies with or without eczema. In summary, herbal remedies

had been deemed a better replacement for modern medicine, hence, Piperliss

Care for Baby has the potential to be marketed due to its natural content and

its effectiveness in combating skin infections while still maintaining babies’

healthy, soft skin. The available data from this study will also attempt to

bridge the current literature and traditional knowledge for researchers to

further validate the claims, thus, providing potential development of a

natural-based approach to be accepted for the betterment of mankind.

Keywords: Piper sarmentosum; babies; antimicrobial activities;

phytochemical screening; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-

MS)


146

3-DERMATIX: HERBAL PRODUCTS MADE FROM

GAMAL (GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM) LEAVES FOR PET

HEALTH SKIN

Dahliatul Qosimah, Dhita Evi Aryani, Dwi Retnoningsih

Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia

The higher incidence of skin diseases in pets caused by infections of

microorganisms and parasites and open wounds that until now the

treatment is still through chemical drugs with high price and allow the

microorganisms to be resistant and long-term effects can cause the skin

becomes dry and immunosuppressive in the body. In addition, the

available drugs generally contain antibiotics, antifungal and

corticosteroids that are specific and cannot be used to overcome various

skin health problems. Many skin diseases that are zoonotic, so need a

quick and complete treatment. Skin diseases often appear depending on

the season, environment and animal immune system. This product is

based on herbal and fortified vitamin E that has been proven through

scientific studies with no side effects on animals. The cure rate is

relatively faster than the existing product which is about 3-10 days

depending on the extent and severity of the disease. The products we

offer are topical preparations in the form of oils that are applied by

dripping on the wounded skin. The volume of product per bottle is 10

ml which can be given 2 until 3 times a day and it is expected that 1

bottle can be used within 1 until 2 weeks. Components of raw materials

used are gamal leaf; Galangal; VCO and Vitamin E. Combination of

several plants that have the effect of curing skin diseases caused by

parasites such as scabies and lice, bacteria, viruses or fungi (ringworm)

as well as for sterile open wounds. Another benefit of this herbal

product is to accelerate the growth of animal hair and safe if entered or

ingested in animal body. Usually Gamal is used as an insecticide and

natural pesticide and scabies, because it contains triterpenoid saponin

and glikosida flavonol. In animals used for animal feed because of high

coarse fiber. Galangal (Alphinia galangal) contains essential oils such as

1,8-cineole (28.4%), a-fenchyl acetate (18.4%), camphor (7.7%), methyl

(E)-cinnamate (4.2%) and guaiol (3.3% ), used for inflammation, and

infection. VCO (Virgin coconut oil) has moderate chain saturated fatty


147

acid content such as lauric acid and good for softening the skin, open

wounds and improve the immune system as well as anti

microorganisms. While vitamin E is an antioxidant to counteract free

radicals and accelerate cell reepithelization. Until now, patent search of

topical medication using combination formula of gamal leaf, galangal,

VCO and Vitamin E for skin does not yet available. The product has

potential market with natural ingredients and affordable prices making

the product have a broad market segment. These products can be

marketed through pharmacies, shops, animal hospitals and animal

lover’s communities. The community can obtain skin health products in

one package of products with various kinds of properties. Society can

save costs and time for the treatment of animal skin disorders and assist

the government in diversification of health products for the treatment of

zoonotic diseases.

Keywords: Dermatitis, Pet animal, Herbal, Topical, Zoonosis,

Marketable


148

STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ENTADA SPIRALIS

EXTRACT (AKAR SINTOK) ON SELECTED SKIN

INFECTION CAUSING BACTERIA

Raihanah Hasaniah Abdullah , Risyawati Mohamed Ismail

Halal Science Laboratory, Asian Halal Institute, School of Technology

Management & Logistics, Universiti Utara Malaysia ,

06010 Sintok kedah.

[email protected]

During ancient time, plants were used by our ancestors to survive and to

obtain remedies in order to treat their diseases. The World Health

Organization (WHO) reported that 80% of the people worldwide are

wholly or partially dependent on plant-based drugs or herbal medicine.

Entada spiralis Ridl is studied this research due to lack of investigation

done on it despite used by the older generation as soaps and shampoo.

In this study, two bacteria which are Staphylococcus aureus and

Streptococcus pyogenes were tested against Sintok extract. Result showed

the antibacterial ability of Sintok extract that was promising enough for

it to be converted to organic personal care products for public use.

Keywords: skin infection, plant extract, antibacterial activity


149

MIKANIA TEA

NATURE’S IMMUNITY BOOSTER, CALM AND RICH

WITH VITAMIN C

1,2Sarimah Mat Nawi, 1,2Nurhafizah Ibrahim, 1Nurkhairul Bariyah

Baharun , 2Mizaton Hazizul Hasan, 2NorAmlizan Ramli 1Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Life

Sciences, Universiti Selangor, 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaco-

Toxicology Research Laboratory, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak

Alam, 42300 Puncak Alam, Malaysia

[email protected]

Mikania Tea is a herbal tea made from dried leaves of Mikania micrantha.

The leaves of this plant have been proven scientifically to boost energy

and your immune system. Mikania micrantha have been found to have

many beneficial properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti

inflammatory, anti stress and also anti diabetic activities. The astringent

taste of the tea is due to the presence of tannins that have many

therapeutic benefits. Together with lemon that is rich with vitamin C,

Mikania Tea gives our body natural soothing quality for stress relieve

and prevent exhaustion in a tea bag. To produce Mikania Tea which is

safe and a booster for immune system that helps in reducing

inflammation and improves quality of life. The stage of innovation of

Makania Tea starts with the standardized extraction process of M.

micrantha leaves. The extract was screened for antioxidant activities (total

phenolic contents, DPPH and metal chelating assys). Next, the toxicity

studies was carried out to ensure safety of the product. Subsequently,

product development was conducted with the addition of lemon extract

into a prototype. M. micrantha ethanolic leaves extract (MELE) cell

viability test (MTT assay) showed low cytotoxic effect after 24, 48 and 72

h incubation (IC50 233.97±12.74, 237.09±10.29 and 188.34±10.29µg/ml).

MELE was found to contain 10.91±4.82 mg/g of Pyrogallol and 360 ± 6.56

mg/g for Gallic acid and 228±8.14 mg/g. Makania Tea has beneficial

effect on health as it is rich with antioxidants that could boost energy

and immune systems and reduce inflammation. Thus suggesting

Mikania micrantha a potential plant to be further investigated for future

nutraceutical product.


150

Keywords: Mikania micrantha, Mikania tea, antimicrobial, anti-

inflammatory.


151

ePROFILER S SERIES: FULLY ELECTRONIC SENSOR

FOR NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEINS

Vengadesh Periasamy

Introducing a paradigm shift in the field of molecular biology, the

eProfiler S series, for the first time, provides the user with various solid-

state parameters to electronically fingerprint nucleic acids and proteins

with applications in medical diagnostics, pathology, etc. Lack of a

quantitative tool to analyze nucleic acids and proteins is one of the major

obstacles in molecular biology. This hand-held device enables rapid and

sensitive detection of pathogens within a few minutes without the need

for laboratory-based equipment and preparations. Applying this device

for detection of diseases does not require technical expertise and it is

designed to be an affordable diagnostic method. Any user can connect

this device to a phone or computer and the electronic data will be stored

in a virtual/cloud database. This novel device can open a new window in

studying disease progression, mechanism of damage and repair in

molecular biology, drug discovery, diagnostic and pathology by

acquiring and characterizing electronic signals from isolated/purified

DNA/RNA/protein as well as whole cells.


152

COMPARISON STUDY ON NUTRITIONAL VALUE

BETWEEN 2 VARIETIES OF MOMORDICA

COCHINCHINENSIS GROWN IN MALAYSIA

Risyawati Mohamed Ismail, Raihanah Hasaniah Abdullah

Halal Science Laboratory, Asian Halal Institute, School of Technology

Management & Logistics, Universiti Utara Malaysia ,

06010 Sintok kedah.

[email protected]

Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis) is found throughout the Southeast

Asian region from South China to Northeastern Australia. Gac is notable

for its densely orange fruit containing rich contents of beta-

carotene and lycopene. Historically, gac has been used as food and

traditional medicine. Typical of orange-colored plant foods, gac fruit and

seed oil contain high contents of carotenoids, particularly vitamin A,

beta-carotene and lycopene. If marketed on its high content of beta-

carotene and lycopene, gac extracts may be sold as a dietary supplement

in soft capsules or included in a juice blend. However despite being

dubbed as the fruit from heaven, little research and commercialization

was done on the fruit, especially in Malaysia. This research attempts to

study the dietary content of 2 variations of Gac fruit available in

Malaysia and further explore the value of it in our food supply chain. At

the end of the research we hope to produce high impact products that

would be beneficial to the community.

Keywords: Nutritional value, gac , food nutrition

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-carotene

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-carotene

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycopene


153

CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS-SILVER

NANOPARTICLES: A DUAL TARGETING

ANTICANCER APPROACH

Nor Hazwani Ahmad, Nur Asna Azhar, Siti Zulaikha Ghozali

Universiti Sains Malaysia

A tremendous progress in nano oncology has provided promising

therapeutic strategies due to the unique characteristics of nanomaterials

such as high surface area, high efficiency and selective effects.

Biosynthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plants is preferable

compared to physical, chemical and other biological methods since the

natural active compounds present in plants may serve as stabilising,

reducing and synergistic agents. AgNPs were synthesised using

standardised Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) aqueous extract, followed

by its optimisation and characterisation. LC-TOF ion trap MS detected

fourteen indole alkaloids in C. roseus aqueous extract. The average size

obtained was 31 nm with spherical shape. Zeta potential analysis

exhibited value at -16.8 mV and FTIR has revealed chemical properties

present in C. roseus-AgNPs. XRD analysis indicated the C. roseus-

AgNPs were in face-centered cubic structure. The C. roseus-AgNPs have

inhibited the proliferation of various human cancer cell lines,

particularly on hepatocellular carcinoma with various IC50 values.

There was no IC50 value for normal hepatocellular THLE-3. The

mechanism of cell death in cancer cells was due to apoptosis associated

with cell cycle arrest. Further detailed cytotoxicity study on HepG2 cell

line has shown remarkable changes of the amount of reactive oxygen

species, nitric oxide and depolarisation of mitochondrial membrane

potential. The findings have provided a better understanding of the

mechanism of C. roseus-AgNPs, suggesting its dual effects in inhibiting

the proliferation of cancer cells but on the other hand sparing the normal

cells. The potent and selective properties of C. roseus-AgNPs are

potentially to be considered as an ideal anticancer agent.

Keywords: silver nanoparticles; Catharanthus roseus; anticancer


154

CATEGORY C

Natural Sciences


155

BIOMATERIALS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE

A.K. Arof, M.H. Buraidah, L.P. Teo, H.J. Woo, Shahan Shah

Centre for Ionics University of Malaya, Physics Department,

Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia.


Photovoltaic cell is basically a device that can harvest sunlight and

convert it into electricity. Currently, the commonly available

photovoltaic panels that can be found in households are basically made

of silicon-based solar cells. This project aims to develop low cost yet

efficient photovoltaic module based on dye-sensitized solar cells

(DSSCs). DSSCs offer a greener and low cost alternative to the available

silicon-based solar cells since they are much cheaper and do not require

single crystal materials for their operation. DSSC are made up of

transparent conducting oxide glass coated with fluorine-doped tin oxide,

titanium dioxide and sensitizing agent as photoanode, polymer based

gel electrolyte and platinum counter electrode. The sensitizer can be

either natural or synthetic dyes. Biodegradable polymer electrolytes

have been employed for application in DSSCs to make them more

enviromental friendly. Phthaloylchitosan was prepared by modifying

the biopolymer chitosan using the method of phthaloylation. Custom-

made photovoltaic module with special design has been developed and

at the present stage of study is able to produce suitable power for

operating small decorative items and electronic components such as

calculator, light emitting diode (LED) etc. Two patents have been filed

and several ISI peer-reviewed publications have been published.


156

POTENTIAL CATHODE MATERIALS IN LITHIUM-

ION BATTERY (LIB)

Abdul Kariem mohd arof, Mohd Zieauddin Kufian, Mr. Ahmad Syahmi

Abdul Rahim, Teo Li Ping

Centre for Ionics University of Malaya, Faculty of Science, University of

Malaya

LiCoO2 (lithium cobalt oxide) is widely used in the cathode of lithium-

ion batteries. LiCoO2 electrode gave a theoretical capacity of 274

mAhg�1, but in fact, only 50% of the Li (lithium) can be extracted

(∼140 mAhg�1) when charged to 4.2 V. LiCoO2 is also highly

toxic and expensive. To replace LiCoO2 without sacrificing the

performance of battery, researchers come out with LiMn2O4 (lithium

manganese oxide). The cost of Mn (manganese) is less than 1% of that of

Co (cobalt) & it is less toxic. Batteries with LiMn2O4 cathode can be

charged up to 4.6 V with capacity of 148 mAhg�1. LiMn2O4 has been

prepared using sol-gel technique. LiOH.H2O (lithium hydroxide

monohydrate) & Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O (manganese acetate) have been

the choice of starting materials and tartaric acid as chelating agent. We

have compared the cycling performance of battery that use LiMn2O4

produced by sol gel process with commercial one. LiMn2O4 produced

by sol gel process gave the better lithium ion battery performance. From

the results, it is found that the particle size of LiMn2O4 affect the

discharge capacity performance. The particle size of the commercially

available LiMn2O4 is 0.5 μm (manufacture�s database) & that of

sol gel LiMn2O4 was in the 124-185 nm range (HR-TEM.

Keywords: LiMn2O4, cathode, Lithium-eIon Battery (LIB), sol gel

method


157

PHOTOCATALYTIC WATER SPLITTER: A NEW

DAWN FOR THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY

Nur Azimah Abd Samad, Chin Wei Lai*, Mohd Rafie Johan

Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT),

Level 3 Block A, Institute of Graduate Studies,

50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA

*Email: [email protected]

Behind the rapid development of social, economic, and technology,

energy becomes more straint in the future. A global warming

devastation occurs from time to time and is becoming severe in the 21st

century. Therefore, abrupt climate change happens around the world.

These driving forces lead the reserachers to reduce the greenhouse effect

and environmental protection with presenting creative ideas.

Photocatalytic water splitter is a new dawn for the hydrogen economy.

Solar-powered water splitting system is a key target for the development

of sustainable hydrogen economy for future energy system. This

prototype is promoting a single water splitting system to generate

hydrogen gas with its feedstock; water. The system consists of controller

for water level, reaction temperature, stirring speed, and solar power to

generate hydrogen gas. Basically, the photoanode could be a

semiconductor material and photocathode is platium foil. The

semiconductor photoanode could function either from electric supply or

solar energy to create electron in external circuit and H/O ions in water.

Finally, H ions will combine at photocathode to form hydrogen gas.

However, further modification on the photoanode has been done to

overcome several drawbacks of existing photoanode, including poor

visible light absorption and high recombination losses of charge carrier.

Generally, less than 1% of second material coated on main photoanode

and subsequently heat treated at optimum temperature demonstrated a

maximum photocurrent density approximately 20.0 mA/cm2 (~1.5 %

photoconversion efficiency) under UV ray and approximately 15.0

mA/cm2 (~2.0 % photoconversion efficiency) under visible light. This


158

performance was approximately 3 times higher than the existing

photoanode. The presence of second material in existing photoanode

(below 1 at%) showed an improvement of photocurrent density and

photoconversion efficiency because it acted as an effective mediator to

trap the photo-induced electrons and minimize the recombination of

charge carriers.

Keywords: Photocatalytic water splitting, Solar, UV, Hydrogen


159

DEVELOPMENT OF SIMILARITY BASED MODELING

TECHNIQUE TO SUPPORT INTEGRATED

RECREATIONAL LAKE WATER QUALITY

MANAGEMENT

Bashirah Fazli1, Aziz Shafie1*, Noormaliza Noordin2, Nasehir Khan E.M

Yahaya3 and Ainhoa González Del Campo4 1Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences,

University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Email: [email protected] 2 Environment, Lake and Wetland Division, Block D

Perbadanan Putrajaya, Presint 3, 62675 Putrajaya

Phone: +603-88877146 Fax: +603-88875028

Email: [email protected] 3National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM),

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment,

Jalan Putra Permai, 43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.


Phone:+603-89476599 Fax: +603-89483044 4School of Geography, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland



Changes of spatial structure within close proximity to recreational lakes

due to urban expansion and demographic increase have positive

influences on water quality impairment. The lentic nature of lakes makes

them more vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts; thus requiring

comprehensive data and consistent water quality monitoring to manage

them in a sustainable manner. Recreational lakes in Malaysia no longer

serve the purposes of gathering storm water runoff, flood controls, a

place for a community to get together or a tourist attraction only. Due to

recent climate factors which lead to prolonged dry spells that affect

normal water distribution from the reservoir, the government has been

looking at the potential of tapping water from recreational lakes as an

alternative for the highly populated states and territories in Malaysia

such as Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. The challenges for sustainable


160

water quality management of recreational lakes in Malaysia however,

are due to severe data limitation, no formation of regular water quality

monitoring programme and segregated catchment planning. The

objective of this research is to highlight the application of similarity-

based technique as the best alternative for integrated lake water quality

management in the absence of data or under the circumstances of

serious data limitation and financial constraints of continuous lake water

quality sampling and monitoring. To achieve the aim of this research,

spatial modeling methods had been carried out by using similarity

approaches, via buffer tools and near analysis within the domain of

distance based instead of the usual DEM based. Although the negative

impacts of human land use activities on lake water quality are well

documented, the significant impact of land use based on distance is

minimally documented. Therefore, the developed spatial model is

applying similarity-based technique focusing on the impact of land use

proximity on lake water quality status. The principle for similarity is an

index model postulating water quality status of lakes using a control

index quantified from a lake with a comprehensive series of data. Lake

Putrajaya has been chosen as the control model for similarity assessment

due to its comprehensive data availability and established long-term

water quality monitoring. In the developed similarity model, a one km

buffer is clipped with land use surrounding the lake waterbody which

thus functions as the model database. The percentage of built-up area,

population density, lake area and rainfall intensity within the one km

buffer radius of lake waterbody is measured and similarity is calculated

with Lake Putrajaya. Five categories of water quality status were then

classified based on the similarity index calculation; i.e. bad, poor,

medium, good and excellent. The model output is an indicator index,

acting as a classification guideline for water quality status of the

assessed lake. Based from the validation analysis, it is indicated that the

methodology used in model development is reliable to function as a

preliminary decision support tool for recreational lake managers with

limited data and no established water quality monitoring programmes.

Keywords: Geographic Information System, spatial modeling,

similarity index, lake management, water quality


161

PURIFIED RICE HUSK SILICA FROM SOLVENT-

THERMAL EXTRACTION METHOD – A POTENTIAL

FILLER FOR RUBBER COMPOSITES

Zainathul Akhmar Salim Abdul Salim*1,2, Aziz Hassan1,

and Hanafi Ismail3, 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of

Malaya, 50603 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor,

Malaysia. 3School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering,

Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong

Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.

Corresponding author: [email protected]

This research highlighted the synthesis of silica from rice husk by

solvent-thermal extraction method, which was adapted from TAPPI

standards (T204 and T264) with some significant modifications. The

extraction process was conducted in solvents mixture; toluene, ethanol

and acetone (ratio 3:2:1), under open atmosphere, prior to leaching with

acid. This method had successfully produced high purity silica with

99.9% silica content with size range between 70-200 nm and average

surface area of 234.25 m2/g. The rice husk silica (RHS) was then

incorporated in natural rubber (NR) at the optimum loading of 4 parts

per hundred rubber (phr). The mechanical properties of the RHS filled

NR were tested and the results were compared to the unfilled NR,

untreated rice husk ash (RHA) filled NR and commercial precipitated

silica (PS) filled NR. It was found that the tensile strength of the RHS-NR

was better than unfilled NR and RHA-NR and comparable to PS-NR,

while the abrasion resistance of RHS-NR was highest and better than PS-

NR. The remarkable improvement recorded by RHS-NR compounds


162

shows that RHS synthesized via solvent-thermal extraction method has a

good potential to be developed as an alternative to commercial silica

which used in rubber industry.

Keywords: solvent-thermal extraction method; rice husk silica; natural

rubber; untreated rice husk ash; commercial precipitated silica; and

mechanical properties


163

GREEN QUASI-SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FOR

HIGH PERFORMANCE SUPERCAPACITOR

Woo Haw Jiunn, Mohd Hamdi Buraidah, Teo Li Ping, Encik Mohd

Zieauddin Kufian

Centre for Ionics University of Malaya, Physics Department, Faculty of

Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Supercapacitors, an energy storage device that can be used stand alone

or complement batteries to form hybrid systems that provide high

power density and high energy density. The conventional capacitor uses

a separator sandwiched between two electrodes flooded with liquid

electrolytes (LEs). However, LEs suffers from many drawbacks

including bulky size, poor long term stability due to evaporation &

leakage, flammability causing safety issues, rigid in design, corrosion

with electrodes, narrow operating voltage window (<1.0 V) that restricts

the energy density performance. These problems can be solved by using

polymer electrolytes (PEs) as they are reasonably high in conductivity,

flexible & high compliance in shape, low maintenance and make good

contacts between electrodes. In this invention, green quasi-solid (in gel

form) PEs based on biopolymer such as phthaloylchitosan, starch and

other green solvents/additives will be demonstrated. There has not been

many works to develop a flexible supercapacitor based on PEs

containing green biopolymers. Green biopolymers would act as polymer

backbone to entrap compatible ions using solution casting. High

conductivity enhancement is expected as a result of the

coupling/decoupling of polymer segmental motion and ion hopping.

This flexible membrane has been optimized to obtain the highest

conducting sample for supercapacitor fabrication. There are tremendous

opportunities with this new generation energy storage devices because it

is thin, light weight, high compliance in shape, low maintenance,

minimize leakage and easy sealing processes. This project is in line with

RMK11 to support research on sustainable energy.

Keywords: Green electrolyte, supercapacitor, quasi-solid, chitosan


164

A STUDY ON JOB SATISFACTION AMONG

EMPLOYEES IN HONG LEONG BANK PETALING

JAYA

Naeimah Mamat, Nursyazwani Sazlan

Universiti Selangor

Job satisfaction is one of the important matters to employer, employee

and the company to retain success in business. The purpose of this study

to examine different aspects of job satisfaction among bank employee in

Hong Leong Bank, Petaling Jaya. Questionnaires have been distributed

to assess employee’s job satisfaction. Statistical analysis was carried on

the data and stated satisfaction level of different parameters. The overall

job satisfaction showed employee were satisfied with the current job but

still measures should to be taken to improve the satisfaction level.

Keywords: Job satisfaction, satisfaction level, teamwork, commitment


165

CATEGORY C



166

ASSET REPLACEMENT COST DECISION MAKING

MODEL (ARCDM) FOR GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS

Mohamad Adzizulrohim Bin Abd Malek1, Azlan Shah Bin Ali2,

Mohamad Rizal Bin Baharum3 1Jabatan Kerja Raya/ Kementerian Kewangan, 2,3University of Malaya

This research presents the development of a guideline that could be used

to select the best option for building asset replacement specifically for

government ownership. Building life cycle management should be

transparent and cost efficient. Hence, decisions taken during the life

cycle of the buildings should be based on clear justification. One of the

major issues in facility planning is the determination either to refurbish

or replace the existing asset. In fact, government assets have to be

economically managed by knowing the holding cost, so that it can be

retained for a long period. The objective of this study was to establish

the relationship between asset decision making factors and replacement

costs. The real replacement project of Heat, Ventilation, and Air

Conditioning (HVAC) system in government building was selected in

this study. The methodology of this research employed the use of a

triangulation method which is the combination of both quantitative and

qualitative analysis. The literature review and theoretical framework of

the study were validated by 11 experts in the 1st phase of the study. In

order to establish the relationship between asset decision making and

replacement costs, the comprehensive analysis in the 2nd phase of the

study was implemented via the means of archive documentations and

interviews of 61 HVAC project in 12 states within Malaysia. Lastly, 3 real

case studies that were based on the HVAC project were used in the 3rd

phase of this research for the purpose of validating the asset model

which is referred to as: Asset Replacement Cost Decision Making Model

(ARCDM). The result of this study provides raw evidences to support

that existing replacement cost decision making in government sector are

based on Competency and Self Confidence of the human factors. In

addition, ARCDM could be used by the government as a guideline or

tool in wise decision making for building replacement related activities.


167

Keywords: Government Buildings, Asset Management, Decision

Making, Asset Replacement, HVAC System


168

MUSIC MODEL TO TRANSFORM VISUAL

PERCEPTION OF SPORTS ROUTINE

Fung Chiat Loo1, Fung Ying Loo2, Yan Piaw Chua3 1Universiti Putra Malaysia 2,3University of Malaya

Music has different functions in sport. This research focuses on music

accompaniment used in sports routines that involve choreography.

Coaches and athletes customarily compose or get inspiration for a

choreography based on a selected music. Even with self-edited versions,

there are usually sections or fragments of music that hardly synchronize

with the movements. This current study supports the approach that the

music accompaniment should be composed after a routine is

choreographed to provide optimal synchronization/visual perception

between the two. Two sports routines were used in this research �

rhythmic gymnastics and tai chi. The study chose two professional

athletes, whose routines were recorded. The best performances from the

video recordings were selected for this experiment. Music

accompaniments that focus on six parameters including phrasing,

accent, dynamic, pitch, rhythm and tempo were re-composed to match

the athletes� movements as closely as possible. A survey shows that in

general, elements such as tempo, momentum, climax level of excitement,

and attractiveness were perceived as better in the routine with the new

accompaniment. The overall routine was also perceive visually with a

higher quality with the new composed music. Athletes have full

authority and freedom in the intended movement, including duration,

mood, and character. They can also arrange their preferred music

according to the choreography. Music is usually self-edited by the

athletes and coaches, so musical interpretation and the quality of the

music track are not guaranteed. The approach tested in this research

eliminates these problems. With this model, athletes and coaches have

full authority over their choreography in terms of duration of a phrase,

entire structure, and, most importantly, to create an identity using

music, since any particular sports routine involves similar elements that

have to be performed by all contestants.

Keywords: music, sports routine, visual perception


169

RS TABLE MAT

Mohd Hyrul Abu Karim, Shahrizal Ahmad Selo

Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah

[email protected]

Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) in higher

education system needs to focus on strengthen and make more

competitive output and services. While in hospitality education training,

learning and teaching tools plays an important part to achieve the

objectives in curriculum content based on the industry needs. The non-

existent of visualisation in learning and teaching tools in food and

beverages class is resulting less favourable teaching impact. It will also

effect on the hospitality students comprehension and the memorising

process in learning activities. On the other hand, the practitioners in the

real restaurant service industries also lack of practicing the right skills in

food and beverages services. This situation also resulting on less

favourable industries experiences to the hospitality students. Thus, this

study aimed to develop a teaching tools based on the restaurant service

table setting style. ‘The RS Table Mat’ focus on the visual setup of Ala’

Carte, American Service, French Service and Russian Service table

setting. The aimed of using the "RS Table Mat" will help to increase the

students understanding of table setting set up and it will also help to

simplify the process of remembering through visualization in differences

of each services style.

Methodology: This study applies research and development design by

optimizing experimental subject. Data were obtained from lecturers’ and

students’ response, skills, product and cognitive tasks. The visualisation

set up of cutleries, crockery and glassware in the table mat increased the

understanding and simplifies the process of remembering differences of

each style of service setup. Indirectly it also improves the students’

performance and achievement in academic. This study contributed to

the academician by having an extra teaching and learning tools to make

the process easier and fun. To the industry, it will also beneficial the

trainer in food and beverages outlet to save time consumed in teaching

new staff about the setting of cutleries, crockery and glassware

placement for each style of service.


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Keywords: Restaurant Service, Table Setting, Table Mat


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PEER ASSISTED & REFLECTIVE LEARNING SYSTEM

(PEARLS)

Nurul Atira Khairul Anhar Holder, Chan Choong Foong

Medical Education and Research Development Unit (MERDU), Faculty

of Medicine, University of Malaya

In an undergraduate medical program which emphasizes on self-

directed learning, it is a challenge to remediate low-achieving students.

The main reason is because these students had underwent primary and

secondary school education where they are used to spoon-feeding and

exam-oriented teaching methods. In our institution, low-achieving

students expect a teacher-centred remediation. We also argue that

students’ learning behaviours are parts of professionalism. Past

literatures revealed that autonomously motivated students gain greater

satisfaction in learning hence, better appreciation towards the medical

profession. Subsequently, we designed a Peer Assisted & Reflective

Learning System (PeARLS) as an intervention for Year 1 and Year 2 low-

achieving students. PeARLS is a five-step approaches. In Step 1:

Opening Session, students are invited to an introductory session. We,

the remediation coaches would explain about PeARLS and its benefits.

Students are also informed that their participations are voluntary. Next,

students are required to complete a guided reflection protocol in order

to reflect on their learning experiences. In Step 2: Interview Session, an

individual semi-structured interview is conducted with each student.

Guided reflection protocol and interview are tools meant to help

students recognising their limitations and subsequent consequences. In

Step 3: Peer Tutoring Session (PTS), students applied collaboratively

learning to support each other in both academically and psychological

wise. After attending formal learning and teaching activities (e.g.

lectures, seminars) for a period of time, each student would construct

single best answer (SBA) questions and provide explanations on the

correct and incorrect answers. We then collect the questions and

generate an online assessment. During PTS, students will answer, mark

and discuss the questions. Students identify common mistakes through

real time item analysis, where those who created the questions would


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explain the answers and clarify the doubts from their peers. Students are

free to exchange new knowledge, personal tips and mnemonics during

discussion. At the end of each session, students’ feedback is collected.

Anonymous student feedback features questions such as “What do I like

about today’s session?” and “What recommendations would I suggest to

improve today’s session?” The feedback is then discussed among

students where remediation coaches are also present to monitor the

session. Students also decide on improvements for the next session and

the remediation coaches acknowledge (and at times, reward) students

when they showed improvements in their performance or behaviours

(e.g. active discussion, timely submission of questions). Lastly, students

would decide when the next session is to be held and number of

questions to be submitted. PTS are continuously conducted for one

academic year. In Step 4: Follow-up Interview Session, students are

given a guided reflection protocol to be completed before attending the

second interview. The purpose is to follow-up on their wellbeing,

progress and reflection on current learning experiences. In Step 5:

Closing Session, a session with all students is organized when the final

examination is approaching. It is a debrief session for remediation

coaches to provide closure. In conclusion, using the concepts of

reflection and peer-assisted learning, PeARLS assist low-achieving

students to autonomously remediate their academic performance.


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GLOBAL FARAID GAME (GFG)

Azman Ab Rahmana, Zahari Mahad Musab, Mushaddad Hasbullahc,

Ahmad Anis Muhd Fauzid, Muhammad Zulhilmi Mohd Nazare ,

Muhammad Najib Abd Wakilf & Mursyid Junaidi Mohd Faisal Yapg

aProfesor Madya, Fakulti Syariah dan Undang-undang, USIM, Bandar

Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan. bPensyarah, Fakulti Syariah dan Undang-undang, USIM, Bandar Baru

Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan. cPensyarah, Fakulti Syariah dan Undang-undang, USIM, Bandar Baru

Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan dPensyarah, Fakulti Syariah dan Undang-undang, USIM, Bandar Baru

Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan eKakitangan, Institut Penyelidikan Fatwa Sedunia, USIM, Bandar Baru

Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan fPembantu Penyelidik, Fakulti Syariah dan Undang-undang, USIM,

Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan gPembantu Penyelidik, Fakulti Syariah dan Undang-undang, USIM,

Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan

[email protected]

Faraid merupakan sebuah sistem pengurusan harta selepas kematian

yang dianjurkan oleh Islam. Walau bagaimanapun, tahap kesedaran dan

kefahaman tentang ilmu faraid serta harta pusaka masih kurang dan

rendah dalam kalangan masyarakat Islam di Malaysia. Justeru, produk

inovasi Global Faraid Game merupakan sebuah inisiatif yang

dibangunkan untuk memudahkan masyarakat mempelajari ilmu faraid

dan harta pusaka dengan konsep gamifikasi serta didik hibur yang lebih

interaktif lagi efisien. GFG merupakan produk pertama yang berasaskan

pengurusan harta pusaka di Malaysia dan di dunia. GFG mempunyai

tiga aras soalan yang berbeza berasaskan silibus STPM (Syariah) dan

STAM (al-fiqh wa al-Faraid) yang dirangka khas sesuai untuk mereka

yang masih baru mengenali ilmu faraid dan harta pusaka. Objektif

produk ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kesedaran dan kefahaman

masyarakat tentang ilmu harta pusaka termasuk faraid, hibah dan

wasiat melalui medium pembelajaran yang interaktif serta ilmiah. Di

samping itu, GFG juga dapat mengukuhkan kemahiran pengiraan dan

pengurusan faraid dalam kalangan ejen harta pusaka dan agensi


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pengurusan harta di Malaysia. Pembangunan produk ini menggunakan

metodologi Rapid Prototyping dengan pendekatan kaedah kuasai

eksperimen, soal selidik dan temubual. GFG amat diyakini dapat

memperkenalkan ilmu faraid kepada masyarakat umum dengan lebih

meluas di samping dapat dimanfaatkan oleh para pendidik sama ada di

peringkat sekolah, universiti bahkan golongan profesional sebagai

bahan bantu mengajar atau latihan. GFG ini amat berpontensi untuk

dikomersialkan dengan kerjasama daripada pihak Majlis Agama Islam

Negeri, Harta Guam dan agensi-agensi pengurusan harta pusaka seperti

Amanah Raya Berhad, Wasiyyah Shoppe Berhad dan lain-lain.

Kata Kunci: Faraid, Game, Harta Pusaka


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INOVASI GAMIFIKASI GLOBAL WAKAF GAME

(GWG) DALAM PENDIDIKAN DAN LATIHAN

PERSIJILAN WAKAF DI MALAYSIA

Farhana Mohamad Suhaimi, Azman Ab Rahman & Mursyid

Junaidi Mohd Faisal Yap

Wakaf adalah salah satu amalan yang amat digalakkan dalam Islam.

Wakaf merupakan sadaqatul jariyah yang dapat menyempurnakan

agihan kekayaan dan meningkatkan pembangunan ekonomi masyarakat

secara keseluruhan. Sejarah telah membuktikan sumbangan institusi

wakaf pada zaman kegemilangan pemerintahan khilafah `Uthmaniyah

sebagai salah satu sumber pendapatan kepada kerajaan dengan

memainkan peranannya dalam membiayai aktiviti kebajikan

masyarakat, keagamaan, pendidikan, kesihatan dan sebagainya. Dalam

bidang pendidikan umpamanya, harta wakaf telah digunakan bagi

menanggung perbelanjaan penyelenggaraan masjid yang merupakan

institusi pendidikan pada zaman itu, di samping membayar upah

mengajar kepada para guru. Dewasa kini, pelbagai produk wakaf

seperti wakaf tunai, al-Quran, hartanah dan sebagainya telah

diperkenalkan oleh Majlis Agama Islam Negeri, institusi perbankan

Malaysia, pusat zakat di Institut Pengajian Tinggi, atau badan bukan

kerajaan seperti yayasan dan sekolah tahfiz. Walau bagaimanapun,

pendedahan dan pemahaman tentang wakaf dalam kalangan

masyarakat masih lagi pada tahap yang rendah. Justeru, pendidikan

wakaf perlu diterapkan kepada umat Islam sejak dibangku sekolah.

Inovasi Global Wakaf Game (GWG) merupakan sebuah inisiatif bagi

mewujudkan sebuah gamifikasi dalam pendidikan wakaf di Malaysia.

GWG dibangunkan mengikut garis panduan Majlis Agama Islam Negeri

serta dilengkapi dengan soalan-soalan uji wakaf yang dirangka secara

komprehensif bagi memberikan pendedahan serta meningkatkan

kefahaman masyarakat terhadap konsep wakaf. GWG sesuai untuk

dijadikan sebagai alat bantu mengajar dan bahan latihan kepada pelajar

dan pelatih-pelatih yang edukatif dan interaktif.

Kata Kunci: Wakaf, Gamifikasi Wakaf, Global Wakaf Game


176

MOBILE ANDROID APPLICATION: E-WORK HEALTH

WIZ

Leny Suzana Suddin, Yanttey Suhaida Suddin, Zahir Izuan Azhar

Faculty of Medicine, UiTM

Introduction: Based on a study done on factors affecting quality of life

among workers in a tertiary education centre, healthy workers could

suffer from having unhealthy working environment that might

eventually affect their quality of life. Among the contributors of

unhealthy working environment were feeling stressful, perceived

financial dissatisfaction as well as having background of pre-existing

burden of caring for unhealthy family members at home. One of the

ways to overcome these problems is through self-empowerment and

self-care using appropriate means. Opportunities: A product that could

cater to this working population group must be able to offer a solution

that have easy access feature and at the same time, confidential in

nature. In Malaysia alone in April 2018, there are about 14.8 million

workers that might be suffering from these unhealthy working

environment that would benefit from this product. Objectives: This

product will serve as an assessment tool as well as a source of reference

on handling unhealthy workplace environment problems. Novelty:

There was no product in the market with similar features at the moment.

It will be easy to access, install, user-friendly and inexpensive to

purchase. Commercialization potential: This product will be available on

a well-known mobile internet platform which will allow it to penetrate

the market. More advance features will require additional price in

future. Impact: This product not only will assist users to manage their

unhealthy working environment contributors but also could prevent

more severe work-related problems in future and this indirectly, will

increase productivity and lead to work satisfaction.

Keywords: Worker health, mobile apps, quality of life, environment,

satisfaction


177

GO GREEN: A PREDICTION MODEL OF INTENTION

TOWARDS PAPERLESS AMONG PUBLIC

UNIVERSITY EMPLOYEES

Mohd Hamran Mohamad, Hasan Al-Banna Mohamed, Lt Kol

Kamarulzaman Lamin (R), Norlaila Mazura Hj Mohaiyadin,

Khairunnisa Mardzuki, Sayuti Abdul Ghani

Faculty of Defence Studies and Management

Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia

Sungai Besi Camp, 57000, Kuala Lumpur

Paperless has been known as an important element in succeeding the

green environment agenda through various programs such as electronic

government. Without the serioueness intention towards the paperless

among the public sector agencies employees, surely it is difficult to

promote the sustainable green environment at work place. Therefore, the

predictors to motivate the intention towards paperless among them

should be emphasized strongly in achieving this agenda. The main thing

that should be evaluated is the appropriate organizational internal

resources that represent the predictors on intention towards paperless

namely management support and information technology (IT) support.

Hence, this study aims to discuss the model of research and concept by

employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. Both aspects of

management and IT supports are explored to explain their roles in the

context of public university employees. Furthermore, the significant

impact levels of those predictors on intention towards paperless are

investigated as well. It has been found that the predictions of

management support and IT support have a possible impacts on

intention towards paperless and it would be a meaningful results and

implications in a study context of public university employees.

Keywords: Intention towards paperless, management support, IT

support and public university employees


178

AN AFFECTIVE INTERFACE FOR INVESTIGATING

THE SOCIAL WELLNESS OF YOUNG MALAYSIANS

AND KOREANS

Nurul Fazmidar Mohd Noor, Haslina Muhamad, Nik Daliana Nik Farid

Universiti Malaya

Although the use of online questionnaire in collecting data has increased

enormously over the years, it is not without its drawback. The drawback

of using online questionnaire includes (1) the respondent will be easily

distracted, (2) lost focus and (3) feeling bored hence fail to complete the

questionnaire accurately. The extensive usage of technology is yield for

affective interactions between humans and technology. Therefore, to

overcome these drawbacks, in this study, an affective interface will be

adopted to online questionnaire to assist us in measuring the social and

mental well-being of the young Malaysians and Koreans. The affective

interfaces are assumed to overcome the drawbacks and the respondents

will feel more open and sincere in answering the questionnaires.

Indirectly, this will enhance the validity of the data collected. In this

affective interface online questionnaire system, respondents will be able

to gain knowledge of their level of social and mental wellbeing. They

will also be provided with some online advice from the experts based on

their wellness scores. One of the aims of this study is to determine the

effectiveness of affective computing in exploring the social wellbeing

aspects of the Malaysians and Koreans.

Keywords: affective interface, affective computing, social wellness,

mental wellness.


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DETERMINATION OF ELECTION CANDIDATE

USING FUZZY TOPSIS: AN APPLICATION IN

SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

Hamdan Mohd Salleh, Khairil Bariyyah Hassan, Hasnur Hidayah

Kamaruddin, Ng Ming Yip, Nadiah Zubbir

Centre for Foundation and General Studies, Universiti Selangor, Jalan

Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari

Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

[email protected]

Election candidates are among the important elements in a political

election. Every political party will place candidate who they think are

the best in securing votes from voters. However, voters will decide who

to vote based on their determination of electoral criteria which they feel

important for them. It is certain that the level of importance for the

selection criteria of a leader differ according to the voters’ determination.

For an example, voters in urban and rural areas have different evalution

on the candidates due to their different living environment and current

issues such as living cost, petrol price, corruption and many more. This

study discusses the important criteria for the selection of election

candidates and analyses the selection criteria trend of the election

candidates who had won the 14th General Election (PRU-14) in Selangor.

The 20 respondents for this research consist of University Selangor’s

Center of Foundation and General Studies academic staffs who are also

registered voters. The Fuzzy Technique for Order Performance by

Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is used in this study to identify the

significant of each criteria. From the data collected, the weight for every

criteria will be calculate using the Fuzzy TOPSIS method, and the most

important criteria will be analyse together with the biodata of the chosen

candidates.


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GO GREEN MALAYSIA: OUTWITTING TRAFFIC

CONGESTION BASED ON AIR QUALITY INDEX Rafidah Md Noor,Shaik Shabana Anjum, Nasrin Aghamohammadi,

Ismail Ahmedy, Miss Laiha Mat Kiah, Nornazlita Hussin


The technological advancements in the recent past has facilitated

immense progress towards mitigation of environmental pollution

through smart transportation systems and solutions. In particular,

communication to the commuters about the traffic ahead or occurrences

of congestion has been envisioned to play a major role in outsmarting

traffic through mobile applications. However, the existing mobile

applications that serve as traffic reporting solutions still face major

drawbacks such as single path suggestions, traffic delay during peak

hours/emergencies, non-recurring congestion consideration, improper

reporting of road accidents and traffic jam en route to a commuter�s

destination. This research aims at providing solutions for prompting the

commuters with updates on the traffic based upon the Air Quality Index

(AQI) of the routes towards destination. Firstly, air quality sensing

devices with wireless energy transmission are designed, developed and

implemented, followed by integrating the database of these monitoring

devices with a real-time mobile application both on Android and iOS.

The sensing devices are intended to be employed near the traffic signals

for real-time updates. The cross-platform mobile application in this way,

enables the user to opt for route with good air quality so that the more

congested routes are avoided thereby mitigating the air pollution

induced by road traffic. The experimental analysis and validation of the

proposed solution are carried out for different case studies in Malaysia,

such as Petaling Jaya, Shah Alam, Mont Kiara and Jalan Tun Razak.

Three different scenarios (morning, afternoon and evening) are analysed

and tested to explore the traffic usage parameter using the mobile

application. The results show that when traffic is governed based upon

AQI, vehicle emissions and traffic flow, nearly 75% of traffic congestion

is mitigated hence making the atmosphere pollution-free as well as

avoiding Urban Heat Effect (UHI) due to heat generated from vehicles.


181

Keywords: Air quality index, Air pollution, Road transportation and

traffic congestion


182

THRESHOLD CONCEPTS IN MILITARY OFFICERS'

EDUCATION

Ahmad Thamrini Fadzlin Syed Mohamed

National Defence University of Malaysia

Deriving from a doctoral study, this model discusses threshold concepts

needed to facilitates successful ontological shifts in becoming a military

officer. Drawing from threshold concept theory, provides a helpful

analytical tool to examine the process deemed necessary for

transformation from civilian status to thinking and practising as a

soldier and consequently a military officer. Combined with

phenomenography as the research methodology, the research involved

seven higher ranking officers, 24 military trainers, and 29 officer cadets

from two reputable military education institutions in Europe. The

findings show that there are two ontological shifts that transform a

civilian to become an officer. During Phase I, the first ontological shift in

becoming a soldier involves the acceptance of discipline and obedience,

recognition of a framework of related ethics and values, loyalty to the

unit (collective above individual needs) and a sense of obligation.

Meanwhile, Phase II will require a soldier to understand the concept of

personal responsibility for the execution of mission, putting others

before self, and the ‘power to command’ to complete the transformation

in becoming a military officer.

Keywords: military officers' education, threshold concepts, mimicry,

hybridity, liminality


183

RELATIONSHIP OF OPERATION AND

MAINTENANCE (O&M) MANAGEMENT AND ITS

PERFORMANCE SERVICES

Nor Zaimah Che-Ghani, Nik Elyna Myeda, Azlan Shah Ali

Centre for Building, Construction & Tropical (BuCTA), Faculty of Built

Environment, University of Malaya

Maintenance service performance is measuring the performance on

operation and planning in managerial and technical actions. Hence, this

study seeks to investigate the relationship of O&M management and its

performance services. The characteristics of O&M management are

competent staff, regulation and compliance as well as well-planned

O&M management. Besides, the attributes of performance services are

professionalism and expertise of management staff, time taken to

response to residents’ concerns, management staff attitude in attending

residents’ concerns and overall satisfaction towards services provided.

This study adopted a mix method approach that includes questionnaire

survey and focus group discussion. Questionnaires survey were

distribute to the residents in stratified residential building in Klang

Valley to evaluate level of satisfaction on the services provided among

residents. Also, focus group discussion was conducted to evaluate

critical success factor of O&M management towards its performance.

Concisely, prevention of vandalism is a factor under well-planned O&M

management. It was rated as the most important factors in evaluating

the degree of performance in O&M services. However, competent staff

shows a significant and positive relationship between O&M

management attributes and the performance of maintenance services.

Keywords: O&M management, performance, stratified residential

building, facilities management


184

THE VOICE BOOK (TVB)

(Pelaksanaan Dan Keberkesanan Kaedah ‘The Voice Book’

Dalam Pengajaran Kemahiran Matematik)

Chelva A/L Letchmanan, Narehs Devadas, Jivendra Pandian

SJKT Ladang Sabrang

[email protected]

Kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti keberkesanan

penggunaan kaedah ‘The Voice Book’ terhadap pencapaian dan minat

murid dalam mata pelajaran matematik murid tahun 3. Kajian ini

dijalankan dengan menggunakan kaedah eksperimental. Instrumen

yang digunakan ialah soalan ujian pra dan ujian pos yang terdiri

daripada 20 soalan subjektif untuk mengukur tahap penguasaan para

murid. Selain itu, soal selidik dan pemerhatian digunakan untuk

mengukur tahap minat murid terhadap ‘The Voice Book’ yang direka

cipta. Bilangan sampel adalah seramai 10 orang yang dipilih secara

rawak daripada murid tahun 3 dan dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan

iaitu kumpulan Alfa dan Kumpulan Beta. Data telah dianalisis dengan

menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dan kuantitatif yang melibatkan min

(purata keseluruhan). Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan purata

keseluruhan pencapaian pos ujian kumpulan Beta adalah 18 lebih tinggi

berbanding kumpulan Alfa iaitu 13 dan perbezaan purata keseluruhan

bagi kedua-duanya ialah 5. Dapatan soal selidik pula menunjukkan

maksimum murid mengatakan jawapan “ya” bagi minat murid

terhadap penggunaan buku matematik bersuara. Implikasi daripada

kajian ini membolehkan murid memahami konsep matematik dengan

jelas dan secara tidak langsung dapat menarik minat murid untuk

belajar dan meningkatkan pencapaian murid. Kajian ini penting

dijalankan untuk membantu guru memperbaiki kaedah dan teknik

pengajaran yang bersesuaian dengan tahap kesediaan dan minat pelajar.

Dalam proses pembelajaran matematik, guru perlu menggunakan

kaedah pengajaran yang boleh merangsang pembelajaran pelajar.

Kaedah yang digunakan dalam kajian ini iaitu penggunaan ‘The Voice

Book’ akan dilihat sama ada pelajar itu mampu mengekalkan minat

mempelajari matematik kepada pengajaran guru dan seterusnya akan

dilihat dari segi pencapaian akademik pelajar itu sendiri. Dari perspektif


185

murid pula, kajian ini membantu murid memperoleh pengetahuan dan

kemahiran secara kendiri. ‘The Voice Book’ yang direka ini membantu

murid untuk mengurus dan belajar mengikut minat, keperluan dan gaya

pembelajaran mereka. Pembelajaran akses kendiri ini melatih murid

belajar dan memberi penekanan kepada usaha memenuhi keperluan

individu yang berbeza dengan persekitaran dan suasana pembelajaran

yang kondusif. Hasil kajian ini juga penting kepada pelajar yang

berpencapaian rendah dalam mata pelajaran matematik. Dengan

penggunaan kaedah ‘The Voice Book’ juga dilihat sama ada ianya dapat

memudahkan pelajar dalam memahami konsep, menganalisis masalah

dan mencari penyelesaian dalam tajuk yang dipelajari. Penggunaan ‘The

Voice Book’ menuntut pelajar memahami dan membina konsep

matematik dengan sendiri ataupun dengan bantuan kawan. Daripada

hasil kajian dan analisis data yang telah dijalankan, maka dapatlah

dibuat kesimpulan bahawa penggunaan ‘The Voice Book’ dalam

pengajaran dan pembelajaran telah dapat membantu dalam

mempertingkatkan pencapaian dan minat dalam mata pelajaran

matematik bagi murid tahun 3. Selain itu, ‘The Voice Book’ ini dapat

memudahkan pelajar memahami konsep, menganalisis masalah dan

mencari penyelesaian. ‘The Voice Book’ boleh digunakan merentasi

pelbagai mata pelajaran dan pelbagai tahap, proses pemikiran akan

menjadi satu cara lazim untuk pelajar, guru dan ibu bapa menyelesaikan

masalah dan membiasakan pelajar untuk berfikir secara kritis dan

kreatif.


186

DEVELOPMENT OF EXECUTION MODEL FOR GREEN

RETROFIT PROJECTS IN MALAYSIAN

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY N.S. Zulkefli, F.A. Mohd-Rahim, N. Zainon

Centre for Building, Construction & Tropical Architecture (BuCTA), Faculty

of Built Environment, University of Malaya

Issues on climate change and global warming have garnered much

attention in Malaysia nowadays. People including the policy makers,

industries and end-users itself are getting more concern on various ways

of greening the technology, process and system. Malaysia, currently

experiencing vast development and industrialization has now becoming

heavily dependent on energy. Building sector itself, due to its long life

expectancy and involvement of various kind of resources during its life

cycle has been identified as one of significant contributors to worldwide

CO2 emissions and global warming. Various policies, incentives and

measures has been introduced since then by related parties including

government, authorities and policy makers to raise awareness on the

sustainable issues. Recently, reviews from literature has suggested to

look into the ideas of greening existing building stock. Issues derived

after seeing that despite various sustainability efforts being put down,

energy consumption remains increase and contribute to CO2 and

greenhouse gas emission. Apart from that, sustainability impacts

currently are considered as significantly small since newly developed

green building represent a very small percentage as compared to the

existing non-green building. Despite numbers of retrofitting projects

carried out yearly, only few fast forward project team members have

decided to shift towards sustainable approach. Therefore, this research

aims at developing an execution model to eventuate the implementation

of green building retrofitting in Malaysia. The proposed model will

serve as a systematic approach or guidelines for comprehensive

execution of green retrofitting considering the building economic


187

performance. Several relevant model or framework that has been

developed earlier by other researchers and developed countries will be

used to underpin the proposed model. Three major sustainability pillars

namely environment, economic and social will be considered into the

model proposed. Another pertinent points covered in this research

include exploring the attributes that are crucial for managing and

delivering a successful green retrofit project for Malaysian construction

industry. The model proposed is expected to guide the construction

project stakeholders throughout decision making process by

implementing series of procedures and initiatives during retrofitting

project life-cycles towards achieving cost optimal retrofit.

Keywords: Sustainable Construction, Green Building, Building

Retrofit, Green Retrofit, Project Economic


188

FACILITIES MANAGEMENT: MAINTENANCE

STRATEGY OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

FACILITIES AT HOSPITAL BUILDING

1Nuratiqah Aisyah Awang, Shirley Chua Jin Lin and Azlan Shah Ali

Department of Building Surveying, Faculty of Built Environment,


E-mail: 1 [email protected],

Debates and research on the implementation of Universal Design in the

Built Environment have been actively evolved in a past decade in

Malaysia since the Act and Standards have been gazetted for Persons

with Disabilities (PWDs) where building start to include their needs

through the existence of PWDs facilities. However, in recent years there

has been an increasing interest in the maintenance of PWDs facilities as

it is perceived to be a potential factor that can create barriers to the

PWDs users. Addressing maintenance performance issues of

implemented PWDs facilities are highly related to the role of facilities

management through a maintenance strategy. This study employs case

study research design where subject of case study is the organisation to

investigate the current maintenance strategy implemented for PWDs

facilities at the selected hospital. Semi structured interview is conducted

with the head of department who is responsible to ensure the asset and

facilities are providing services as required. Based on the analysis and

findings, it is found that PWDs facilities are not taken into consideration

in the current maintenance strategy where it is maintained based on

general task list and not being specified. In addition, maintenance

strategy implemented is not formulated at the hospital level thus require

understanding on the whole organisational structure. Inclusion of PWDs

facilities in the maintenance strategy is crucial to ensure and monitor the

performance of PWDs facilities in order to accommodate the rights and

needs of PWDs. Future research is proposed to develop a framework to

include PWDs facilities in the maintenance strategy.

Keywords: PWDs, PWD, FM, person with disability


189

TRANSACTION COST ANALYSIS: A DECISION

SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR PROCUREMENT SELECTION

Toh Ka Bean, Fara Diva Mustapa and Muzani Mustapa

Department of Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Built Environment &

Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia

Human are bound to bounded rationality. This reflect that human have

incomplete information during the decision making process especially

during the selection for appropriate procurement option that facilitates

an effective project organization in general and a thorough risk

management process in particular before embarking a contract. In

principle, a perfectly fashioned complete contract could resolve issues

between parties. However, due to bounded rationality, incomplete

information during the contract agreement creates issues which were not

initially expected during the drafting of the contract. This mean that

human structure the contract by including flexibility and blanket

provisions to minimizes the costs of describing eventualities and actions

that cannot be accurately foreseen. Thus, assessing and managing that

risk is crucial for gaining the best possible deals and helps organisations

and projects achieve their goals. This is especially true when different

procurements types have its own risks which usually derived from

variables that have a major influence on risk management namely the

project delivery method, form of payment, and use of collaboration or

partnering arrangements. This calls for a study on the transaction costs

within different construction procurement types to assists the clients in

deciding the best procurement routes suitable for their projects’ nature

and characteristics. Transaction costs analysis will help identify the costs

involved in searching and information costs, bargaining and decision

costs and policing and enforcements costs within the procurement

supply chain. The research outcome will eventually minimise the costs

of describing eventualities and actions that cannot be accurately

foreseen. This study is vital in the construction industry especially with

the recent trend in BIM adoption contract procurement which was said

to be drafted as an alternative to resolves issues underlying the

traditional contract procurement.


190

Keywords: decision making, procurement selection, transaction costs

analysis


191

DEVELOPMENT OF TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT

IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY ORGANIZATIONS

Nurul Safwah Mohd Yusoff1, Faizul Azli Mohd Rahim2, Loo Siaw

Chuing3 1, 2, 3 Centre for Building, Construction, & Tropical Architecture, Faculty

of Built Environment, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

In the current competitive environment, great emphasis is placed on the

knowledge and skills of the workforce as important elements in

achieving construction industry organizational goals. Given the focus on

employee skills has increased, it is crucial for the organizational

programs and initiatives to ensure that the training undertaken to

develop such skills is not sporadic, but is part of a continuous effort to

ensure that employees' skills are relevant to current needs. A training

needs assessment is a strategic step to know the right training program

for the organizations and employees. The purpose of this descriptive

study is to make systematic, factual and accurate explanations of the

facts, the nature and the relationship between the phenomena

investigated. Source of data in this study is the source of literatures and

descriptive analysis technique is used as data analysis technique to

describe the object to be studied. This study will discuss how

construction industry organizations establish training programs, which

involves evaluating the components of the training system and training

needs planning based on competence. This evaluation aims to find out

about the training and human resource development systems in the

construction industry organization which includes the components of

training system.


192

RECYCLING OF END-OF-LIFE VEHICLES (ELVS) FOR

BUILDING PRODUCTS: CONCEPT OF PROCESSING

FRAMEWORK FROM AUTOMOTIVE TO

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES IN MALAYSIA

Yee Choong Wong, Karam M. Al-Obaidi, Norhayati Mahyuddin


End-of-life vehicle (ELV) waste management and its immeasurable

environmental impacts are the subjects of global concern. This study

proposes a new concept of a processing framework to utilise ELV waste

from automotive to construction industries by starting a new trend of

circular economy applications to improve ELV recyclability. The

research focuses on building a strong collaboration between automotive

and construction industries to manage ELV waste in Malaysia. A

systematic review approach based on classification and comparison

methods was utilised to synthesise the findings through critical analysis.

The concept was developed on the basis of existing ELV policies and

legislation, processing framework, waste management and recycling

possibilities for converting ELVs into building products. The findings

corroborate that ELV waste in the dismantling and shredding operations

can be utilised by the construction industry. The analysis and proposed

framework established a source of information that provides a new

paradigm for prioritising building product development and related

policies in Malaysia. This research will provide a viable option for

reducing the disposal problems and curbing the dependence on raw

materials in Malaysia.


193

DEVELOPING A BUILDING DETERIORATION

PREDICTION MODEL (BDPM) FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS

IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Syamilah Yacob, Azlan Shah Ali and Au Yong Cheong Peng


The inefficiencies of the building maintenance system can inflict to

defects and damages to the building. In General, most of the

Government buildings are not given extensive attention while

maintenance work is carried out especially to school buildings. This

matter should be taken seriously because it has caused the cost of

maintenance increased dramatically as well as expenditure was invested

in preparing the building. The problem can caused various effects and

negative impact to the user and owner of the building if the problems

are not addressed systematically. So that there is a necessity to enhance

to current processes of maintenance system to improve the government

service delivery. The triangulation approach used in the study with a

combination of quantitative and qualitative methods for data collection.

Three hundred and three (303) of school building were selected as case

study based on population research. The schools were selected based on

criteria set up in the study such as the school age, types, level and region

Literature review and analysis of archived documentation were carried

out to identify the factors contributed to building defects. From the

archived documentation also, the condition of the building were

assessed using Public Work Department (PWD) Building Condition

Assessment Rating Systems (BCARS) for data collection. Then

correlation analysis were done to test the relationship between the

variables identified and condition of the building using the Statistical

Package for Social Science (SPSS). In addition, the study also produced a

regression model that can be used to forecast changes to the

deterioration of the condition of the building. Semi structured interviews

were conducted for twelve (12) officers from Public Work Department

(PWD) in order to validate the findings of the results obtained. The

study identified twenty one (21) reliable variables concerned with the

factors contribute to building defects. From the result analysis also


194

shown that the six (6) variables have a strong relationship with the

building condition. The factors which have a strong significant

correlated to building condition are lack of maintenance, vandalism,

poor waterproofing, lack of supervision, lack of cleaning and misuse by

users. The results also shown that these factors is the main causes at

most school buildings in Malaysia. These factors need to be taken in

order to overcome existing maintenance. Then, the results produced the

logistic regression model for four (4) variables that caused building

defects towards building condition based on the following

circumstances with P [Building Condition]: Z = -3.479 + 0.658 (PW) +

0.755 (LOM) + 0.445 (LOC). As conclusion, in order to improve the

current government maintenance system, the strategic asset

management approach effectively implemented. Regression model

produced will be a tool used to forecast changes or deterioration of the

building condition. Besides that it is also to make a decision that is more

efficient, a more comprehensive budgeting, optimal maintenance and

repair work, estimating the probability of risks and forecast standard

lifetime building element can be specified.


195

(RE) THINKING OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION

AMONG IBAN COMMUNITY IN SARAWAK BY

USING MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY INDEX

(MPI)

Peter Aning Tedong1; Rohana Jani2; Azmah Othman3; Muhammad Fuad

Abdullah4 and Zafirah Al-Sadat Zyed5 1Department of Urban & Regional Planning, Faculty Of Built

Environment, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2Department of Applied Statistic, Faculty of Economics and

Administration, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3Department of Development Studies, Faculty of Economics and

Administration, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 4Institute Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lmmpur,

Malaysia 5Department of Estate Management, Faculty Of Built Environment,

University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

To date, poverty is measured by using one dimension (i.e. income or

expenses) well known as Poverty Line Index (PLI). Nevertheless, PLI

measurement does not actually reflect the deprivation and standard of

living of the targeted population. Introduced by the United Nations

Development Programme (UNDP), the multidimensional poverty

analysis can be used to measure multiple dimensions of actual poverty

deprivation. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the poverty

incidents in Song, Sarawak by adopting Multidimensional Poverty Index

(MPI) analysis. This study involved 40 Head of Household (HoH) of

Iban community in Song, Sarawak. Our results, among others, indicate

that most of the Iban’s households are deprived in waste management

indicator (83%) followed by sanitation (80%) and Asset Management

(75%). This finding is important for policy maker and responsible bodies

to implement the effective poverty eradication programs for Iban

community especially on education.


196

Keywords: Poverty Line Index (PLI), deprivation, standard of living,

multidimensional poverty, Iban community


197

WALKING: ONE SIZE DOESN’T FIT ALL

Rosilawati Binti Zainol, Numera Nazneen

Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Malaya

The presentation tries to establish the fact that climatic characteristics

along with other different factors can influence walking. The study also

shows that initiatives taken to ensure comfortable walking by improving

physical condition may not be sufficient to meet the needs of the

pedestrians. Standard of physical characteristics of walking environment

can be common everywhere but response to the climate can be different.

Degree of comfort in different regions have been identi fied using

Humidex Index and Canadian Humidex Calculator. The index shows

how different the temperature, humidity and degree of comfort are

throughout the world. Results of different studies were mentioned to

identify different factors which influnce walking. Finally, the study tries

to prove that, not all the people have common factors to consider

whether or not they should walk.

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