Contents
description
Transcript of Contents
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IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST BENEFICENT,THE
MERCIFUL
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ORDER MANTODAORDER DERMAPTERAORDER THYSANOPTERA
BY: TOOBA ARSHAD
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Contents
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Contents
ORDER MANTODA
MorphologyReproduction
Scientific classification
ORDER DERMAPTERAScientific classification
Scientific classification
Morphology
Morphology
Reproduction
Reproduction
ORDER THYSANOPTERA
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ORDER MANTODA
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ORDER MANTODA
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Some common species
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Scientific classification
Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: Arthropoda
Class: InsectaSubclass: Pterygota
Infraclass: NeopteraSuperorder: Dictyoptera
Order: Mantodea
Sphodromantis viridis
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Introduction
Mantodea or mantises is an order of insects that contains approximately
2,200 species in 15 families worldwide in temperate and tropical habitats. Most of the species are in the family
Mantidae.
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Order Mantodea, Family Mantidae
Pronunciation: man-TOE-dee-ah,
MAN-ti-dee
Common
names: mantid, praying mantis
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Identifying characteristics for the Mantodea
Front legs spined and modified for grasping and holding prey.
Tarsi 5 segmented.
Head in frontal view triangular.
Antennae short, filiform.
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Additional information
The 20 North American species are all in the family Mantidae.
Many taxonomists lump mantids and cockroaches together in the
order Dictyoptera.
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Anatomy and morphologyMouthparts
Mouthparts: Chewing Wings: 2 pair: Mesothorax wings toughened (=tegmina) to protect membraneous, folded (fan-like) metathoracic wings. Body characteristicsfront legs modified for grasping, elongate, thin body & legs for camouflage egg - distinctive egg case Where found: Camouflaged in vegetation - highly predacious so found alone.
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Morphology
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Size: from 1 cm (Mantoida tenuis) to >17 cm
(Ischnomantis gigas)
[2]Eyes and labrum: Close up image of a mantis' face (Archimantis
latistyla) showing its compound eyes and
labrum. The structure of
the compound eye creates
the illusion of a small pupil.
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Foreleg Modifications
Mantises have two grasping, spiked forelegs in which prey items are
caught and held securely.
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Behaviors
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Diet and predatory behavior
Mantises are exclusively predatory. Insects form the primary diet, but larger
species have been known to prey on small lizards, frogs, birds, snakes, fish, and even rodents; they will prey upon
any species small enough to successfully capture.
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Reproduction
The female may start feeding by biting off the male’s head (as they do with regular prey), and if mating had begun, the male’s movements may become even more vigorous in its delivery of sperm.
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Reproduction
Courtship display has also been observed in other species, but it does not hold for all mantises.
The mating season in temperate climates typically begins in
autumn.
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Conservation status
Only one Spanish species, Apteromantis aptera, is listed as Lower Risk/Near Threatened. With one exception (the ground mantis Litaneutria minor in Canada,
where it is rare — though it is common in the United States), North American mantises are not included among threatened or endangered species.
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Mythology
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Southern African indigenous mythology refers to the praying mantis as a god in Khoi and San traditional myths and practices, and the word for the mantis in Afrikaans is hottentotsgot (literally, the god of the Khoi).
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Life Cycle
Metamorphosis incomplete, generally with seven or
more molts before maturity. Eggs are laid late in the
season in an egg case, or ootheca (first foamy, then
papery after the foam sets) and hatch in the spring.
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Order Dermaptera- Earwigs
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Scientific classification
Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: Arthropoda
Subfamily: HexapodaClass: Insecta
Order: Dermaptera
(Earwigs)
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Some species of this order
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Other Common Names •Pincher Bugs
Pronunciation •durr-MAP-turr-uh
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Explanation of Names
Dermaptera = "skin wings" Refers to the
leathery texture of the
forewings.
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Introduction
Earwigs make up the insect order Dermaptera, found throughout the Americas, Eurasia, Australia and New Zealand. With 1,800 species in 12 families, they are
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Size
6-35 mm
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Identification Earwigs have slender
flattened body, bead-like antennae, and are easily recognized by the pair of
large pincers (cerci) at the tip of the abdomen. Adult males have 10 abdominal tergites; females, 8. Some are wingless, but in most
the fore wings are represented by short leathery covers called
tegmina, under which the hind wings (if present) fold
in a unique fan-like fashion leaving a chitinized
triangular part exposed.
The pincers' shape is highly species-specific
in males (asymmetrical in
some groups) but quite
uniform in females
throughout the order.
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Range
Mostly in warm climates; very few range far north.
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Habitat
Earwigs are sensitive to heat and dryness, so they usually hide in cool, dark places during the day and come out at night. Some species hide mostly under leaves, rocks
and other debris, while others hide under the bark of trees.
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Length
Most earwigs are
flattened with an
elongated body
generally 7–50
millimetres (0.28–2.0 in) long, though
some can grow longer, such as the
Saint Helena earwig which
reaches 80 mm
(3.1 in) long.
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Morphology Differences between
male and female
• Earwigs are characterized by the cerci, or the pair of forceps-like pincers on their abdomen; male earwigs have curved pincers, while females have straight ones.
• These pincers are used to capture prey, defend themselves and fold their wings under the short tegmina. The antennae are thread-like with at least 10 segments or more.
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Season
Year-round, but often
inactive/hiding in cold or dry
weather.
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Food
Plants, organic matter, other insects (sozme are almost
exclusively carnivorous, and many are important in controlling soil pests).
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Life Cycle and reproduction
• Simple metamorphosis with visible changes including increasing number of antennal segments and progressive wing development until sexual maturity. The mother cares for the eggs and nymphs.
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Order Thysanoptera - Thrips
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some common spp.7]
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Classification
Kingdom Animalia (Animals) Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods)
Class Insecta (Insects) Order Thysanoptera (Thrips)
Explanation of Names Thysanoptera = "fringe wing", Greek--thysanos = fringe
plus pteron = wing. (The wings of thrips are characteristically fringed with long hairs)
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704 species in 141 genera in 5
families in North America, listed
on two pages at nearctica.com
More than 5,000 described
species worldwide.
Numbers
Size
From 0.5 to 5 mm long, but typically about 1 to 2 mm.
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Identification
• Thrips are• Small insects, 0.5 to 5 mm long.• Four wings, narrow, with few veins, fringed with long
hairs.• Mouthparts of sucking type, stout conical proboscis
(beak).• Short antennae, 4-9 segments.• Tarsi 1-2 segments.• Metamorphosis is intermediate between simple and
complete. The first 2 instars have no external wings.
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Identification
• The males and females look similar, but males a bit smaller.
• Several generations in a year.• Plant feeders, flowers, leaves, fruits, twigs, buds.
Few species feed on fungi, few are predaceous.• Feeding destroys plant cells, they empty the cells
which become silverish in color. If the attack is heavy, plant tissue will turn brown and dry up.
• Thrips are often vectors of diseases.
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Range
Worldwide
Habitat
Plant-feeding thrips are generally found on soft living plant tissue, though some larval stages may be spent on soil.
Food
Most species feed on plants, though some feed on fungus spores or are predaceous on other small arthropods. Plant-feeders often cause damage to leaves and flower petals.
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Life Cycle
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Eggs are laid in plant tissue (when the female has an ovipositor) or in crevices or under bark. In suborder Terebrantia, first two instars are larval stages followed by inactive
third (prepupa) and fourth (pupa) stages.In suborder Tubulifera, the third and fourth stages comprise the prepupa stage while a
fifth stage is the pupa stage. During prepupa and pupa stages, the immature thrips do not feed.
Life Cycle
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REFERENCEhttp://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/foltz/eny3005/lab1/orthopteroid/mantodea.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantis
http://www.amentsoc.org/insects/fact-files/orders/thysanoptera.html
http://www.bijlmakers.com/entomology/classification/Thysanoptera.htm
http://bugguide.net/node/view/7754
http://www.cirrusimage.com/earwig.htm
http://bugguide.net/node/view/2709
http://bugguide.net/node/view/342391
http://ag.udel.edu/enwc/insectdb/mantodea.htm 49
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THANKS FOR YOUR PATIENCE
ANY QUESTION