ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008

Project number: 205494

ProSense

Promote, Mobilize, Reinforce and Integrate Wireless Sensor Networking Research and

Researchers: Towards Pervasive Networking of WBC and the

EU

Document Number D 4.1

Research Infrastructure SpecificationAbstract:

Due date of deliverable: August 31, 2008

Actual submission date: 01.09.2008

Start date of project: March 1, 2008 Duration: 2 years

Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable: FEEITAuthors: FEEIT, ETFParticipants: Workpackage: WP4Total number of pages: 64

Revision:Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)

Dissemination Level

PU Public X

PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services)

RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services)

COConfidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services)

ProSense Public Deliverable 1

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and their integration with Internet are a hot research topic. Many research laboratories have deployed WSN test beds in order to strengthen and disseminate the knowledge and exploit the possibilities of the technology. This document elaborates a research infrastructure specification for establishment of WSN research laboratories in Skopje (FEEIT) and Belgrade (ETF), as one of the cornerstones of the ProSense project. It presents envisioned regional usage scenarios and infrastructure specifications, and gives an overview of the existing sensor networks equipment and the current trends in related research projects. The main goal is to establish these laboratories as WSN centres of excellence in the WBC region. The provided research infrastructure will serve beyond the ProSense project as a basis for education, further research and projects. Keywords – Sensor networking, hardware platforms, Know-how exchange, Building

competence, Dissemination.

ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008Document Revision History

Version Date Author Summary of main changes0.1 08.07.2008 FEEIT Proposed table of contents0.2 11.08.2008 FEEIT Updated table of contents0.3- 1 15.08.2008 FEEIT Added text for sections 1 and 20.3- 2 15.08.2008 ETF Inserted text for sections 1.3 , 2.3 and 30.4 18.08.2008 FEEIT Technical editing from sections 1 to 3;

Added text for sections 3 and 40.5 21.08.2008 FEEIT Added list of acronyms;

Modification of ToC and one section added; Modification of sections 1 and 2;Added references

0.5 -4 22.08.2008 FEEIT Minor modifications to the previous version0.6 22.08.2008 ETF Added detailed use case descriptions and a

description of the necessary equipment0.6-2 24.08.2008 ETF Added a description for one more use case,

and finalized the equipment specification0.7 25.08.2008 FEEIT Technical editing0.7-2 26.08.2008 FEEIT Minor technical editing0.7-2 26.08.2008 FEEIT Added reference list 0.8 -1 28.08.2008 LMI Technical editing and added suggestions 0.8 -2 28.08.2008 FEEIT Minor modifications0.8 -3 29.08.2008 FEEIT Added a description for the WSN equipment 0.9 29.08.2008 ETF Added a short mEKG project description1.0 29.08.2008 FEEIT Final version submitted to PC



Contents LIST OF FIGURES.............................................................................................................3 LIST OF TABLES..............................................................................................................5 LIST OF ACRONYMS.........................................................................................................6

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................................................................8

STATE-OF-THE-ART IN WSN INFRASTRUCTURES .............................................9

1.1 CURRENT STATUS ......................................................................................................91.1.1 Relevant projects.......................................................................................................................................91.1.2 Relevant research centres.........................................................................................................................10

1.2 WSN EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE ON THE MARKET............................................................121.3 SELECTED EQUIPMENT..............................................................................................14

INFRASTRUCTURE SPECIFICATIONS................................................................15

1.4 DESCRIPTION OF THE COMMON SENSOR NETWORKS’ PLATFORM FOR BOTH RESEARCH LABORATORIES ..............................................................................................................15

1.4.1 Sun SPOT functionality ...........................................................................................................................151.4.2 Programming the SPOTs.........................................................................................................................17

1.5 DESCRIPTION OF THE USAGE SCENARIO FOR EMERGENCY/DISASTER RECOVERY APPLICATIONS ................................................................................................................18

1.5.1 Usage scenario for fire detection..............................................................................................................201.5.2 Usage scenario for earthquake detection..................................................................................................211.5.3 RFID for disaster recovery and for “smart building”................................................................................22

1.6 DESCRIPTION OF THE USAGE SCENARIO FOR PERSONAL HEALTH CARE MONITORING SYSTEM..........................................................................................................................23

1.6.1 Smart Running Track...............................................................................................................................231.6.2 Common Health Gateway........................................................................................................................251.6.3 Health Hazard Monitoring.......................................................................................................................271.6.4 Remote Pulse Monitoring.........................................................................................................................30

SUSTAINABILITY................................................................................................31

CONCLUSION......................................................................................................32

REFERENCES......................................................................................................33

APPENDICES.......................................................................................................35

APPENDIX :1 SPECIFICATION OF THE COMMON WSN EQUIPMENT.....................................35APPENDIX :2 SPECIFICATIONS OF THE EQUIPMENT REQUIRED TO REALIZE THE USAGE SCENARIOS.....................................................................................................................41APPENDIX :3 SPECIFICATION OF NECESSARY SOFTWARE....................................................66

List of Figures

FIGURE 1 : ESPOT BOARD CONFIGURATION AND CONNECTORS...................16

FIGURE 2 : POWER CONSUMPTION MODE TRANSITIONS...............................17

FIGURE 3 : SCHEME OF WSN AND RFID IMPLEMENTATION AT FEEIT’S PREMISES...........................................................................................................18

FIGURE 4 : MESSAGES FLOW IN A CASE OF FIRE DETECTION.......................20

FIGURE 5 : MESSAGES FLOW IN A CASE OF EARTHQUAKE DETECTION.......21

FIGURE 6 : MESSAGE FLOW AMONG THE DEVICES IN THE RFID SYSTEM...22

FIGURE 7: SMART RUNNING TRACK SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE......................23

FIGURE 8: SCREENSHOT OF THE SRT SERVER APPLICATION........................24


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008FIGURE 9: PROPOSED LOOK OF SRT MOBILE APPLICATION..........................25

FIGURE 10: BASIC DIAGRAM OF COMMON HEALTH GATEWAY......................26

FIGURE 11: SEQUENCE DIAGRAM OF TYPICAL WORKING SCENARIO WITH COMMON HEALTH GATEWAY............................................................................27

FIGURE 12: ISS ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW....................................................28

FIGURE 13: MSC ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW..................................................29

FIGURE 14: MEASURING THE PULSE AT ARTERIA CAROTTIS COMMUNIS....30

FIGURE 15: MEASURING THE PULSE AT ARTERIA RADIALIS..........................30

FIGURE 16: MEASURING THE PULSE AT ARTERIA BRACHIALIS.....................30

FIGURE 17: HEART PULSE WAVEFORM............................................................30

FIGURE 18 : SUN SPOT.......................................................................................35

FIGURE 19: BTNODE..........................................................................................36

FIGURE 20: SHIMMER........................................................................................36

FIGURE 21: FIREFLY..........................................................................................37

FIGURE 22: TI EZ430..........................................................................................38

FIGURE 23: MICAZ.............................................................................................38

FIGURE 24: 6LOWPAN DEVKIT K210.................................................................39

FIGURE 25: SENTILLA PERK KIT.......................................................................40

FIGURE 26 : UPS (UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY) ..............................41

FIGURE 27 : SMOKE DETECTOR.......................................................................42

FIGURE 28 : SINTEL 7 DIALLING DEVICE.........................................................43

FIGURE 29 : CMOS CAMERA, TCM8240MD.....................................................44

FIGURE 30 : CMOS CAMERA MODULE..............................................................44

FIGURE 31 : DELUX DLV-B01............................................................................45

FIGURE 32 : MINITONE WIRELESS..................................................................45

FIGURE 33 : PHIDGET TEMPERATURE SENSOR..............................................46

FIGURE 34 : AL1916WAS WIDE ACER MONITOR.............................................46

FIGURE 35 : MICRO-SERVER............................................................................46

FIGURE 36 : ALARM............................................................................................47

FIGURE 37 : MBCNM REVERSING CONTRACTOR ...........................................47

FIGURE 38 : GM862 CELLULAR QUAD BAND MODULE...................................47

FIGURE 39 : GM862 EVALUATION BOARD – RS232.........................................48

FIGURE 40: ACTIVE WAVE TAGS.......................................................................49

FIGURE 41: ACTIVE WAVE STANDARD READER (1) AND FIELD GENERATOR (2)........................................................................................................................51

FIGURE 42: ACTIVE WAVE READERS: PC-CARD READER (1), COMPACT FLASH – CARD READER (2) AND HANDHELD READER (3)...............................52

FIGURE 43: ACTIVE WAVE DEMO KIT..............................................................53

FIGURE 44: TAG SENSE ZT-10 (1) AND ZT-100 (2) TAGS.................................54


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008FIGURE 45: TAG SENSE READERS: ZR-USB (1), ZR-HUB (2) AND ZR-PCMCA (3)........................................................................................................................54

FIGURE 46: TAGS SENSE KIT.............................................................................55

FIGURE 47: SECURICODE TAGS: SLIMELINE TAG (1), ALERT TAG (2), BADGEHOLDER TAG (3).....................................................................................56

FIGURE 48: SECURICODE READERS: ETHERNET NODE (1), ACCESS NODE (2) AND MOBILE READER NODE (3).......................................................................57

FIGURE 49: SECURICODE KIT............................................................................58

FIGURE 50: NONIN OEM III PULSE OXIMETRY MODULE.................................59

FIGURE 51: NONIN PURELIGHT........................................................................60

FIGURE 52: EG0700 MODULE FOR MEASUREMENT OF BODY TEMPERATURE............................................................................................................................60

FIGURE 53: YSI 400 TEMPERATURE PROBE.....................................................61

FIGURE 54: NIBSCAN NIBP................................................................................62

FIGURE 55: AC/USB ADAPTER...........................................................................63

FIGURE 56: BLUETOOTH MODEM BLUESMIRF RP-SMA..................................63

FIGURE 57: PHIDGET TEMPERATURE SENSOR...............................................64

FIGURE 58: PRECON HUMIDITY SENSOR........................................................65

FIGURE 59: CO SENSOR....................................................................................65

FIGURE 60: MPXC2011DT1/ MPXC2012DT1 LOW PRESSURE SENSOR............66

List of Tables

TABLE 1: COMPARISON OF PROSENSE RELEVANT SENSOR EQUIPMENT.....13

TABLE 2: ACTIVE WAVE TAGS’ FEATURES........................................................50

TABLE 3: FEATURES OF THE STANDARD READER AND FIELD GENERATOR..51

TABLE 4: TAG SENSE TAGS’ FEATURES............................................................54

TABLE 5: SECURYCODE TAGS’ FEATURES........................................................56

TABLE 6: SECURYCODE READERS’ FEATURES.................................................58



List of Acronyms

AC Alternating Current ADC Analog-to-Digital ConverterALC Auto Luminance ControlAP Access PointAPI Application Programming InterfaceAT Attention AV Audio/VideoAWB Auto White BalanceCCTV Closed Circuit TelevisionCD Compact DiskCH Channel CMOD Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor CO Carbon Monoxide CPU Central Processing UnitDARPA Defence Advanced Research Projects AgencydB DecibelDC Direct Current DNS Domain Name System DSS Digital Spread SpectrumECG ElectrocardiogramEMI Electromagnetic InterferenceETF Faculty of Electrical EngineeringFEEIT Faculty for Electrical Engineering and Information

TechnologiesFTP File Transfer Protocol GCF Generic Connection FrameworkGB Gigabyte GNU Gnu’s Not UnixGPRS General Packet Radio Service GPS Global Positioning SystemGSM Global System for Mobile CommunicationsI / O Input / OutputID IdentificationIDE Integrated Development EnvironmentIEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersIMS IP Multimedia SubsystemISS Interactive Street SensingIP Internet Protocol IT Internet TechnologyJPEG Joint Photographic Experts GroupLCD Liquid Crystal Display LED Light Emitting DiodeM2M Machine-to-Machine MANET Mobile Ad-hoc NetworkMCU Microcontroller UnitME Mobile EditionMEMs Microelectromechanical systemsMSC Mine Sensor ChatNFS Network File ServerNIC Network Interface CardNTSC National Television System CommitteeNSF National Science FoundationOS Operating SystemPAL Phase Alternating Line


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008PC Personal ComputerPCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International AssociationPDA Personal Digital Assistant KB Kilobyte RAM Random-Access MemoryRCA Radio Corporation of America RF Radio FrequencyRFID Radio Frequency IdentificationRJ-11 Registered Jack Function 11ROM Read-Only Memory RS232 Recommended Standard 232PLL Phased Locked LoopS & T Scientific & TechnologicalSECAM Sequential Colour with MemorySDK Software Development KitSIM Subscriber Identity Module SMS Short Message ServiceSMTP Simple Mail transfer Protocol SOHO Small Office, Home OfficeSPOT Small Programmable Object TechnologySRAM Static random access memorySRT Smart Running TrackTCP Transmission Control Protocol TTL Transistor–Transistor LogicUART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/TransmitterUPS Uninterruptible Power SupplyUS United States VGA Video Graphic Array (Adapter)VM Virtual MachineUSB Universal Serial BusWBC West Balkan CountriesWBSN Wireless Body Sensor Network WLAN Wireless Local Area Network WP Work PackageWS&A Wireless Sensor & ActuatorWS&AN Wireless Sensor & Actuator NetworksWSN Wireless Sensor NetworksXML Extensible Markup Language



Executive Summary

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a hot research topic within the networking and communications communities. These networks are made up of a number of tiny, low power, inexpensive devices, deployed throughout a physical space, able to sense, compute and communicate. The devices communicate and collaborate with each other to gather and disseminate information about the monitored environment, object or person. WSNs can be in a number of domains and for a number of various applications such as infrastructure security, chemical and biological hazard detection, natural hazards and the broad area of environment - including disaster relief, emergency, patient and habitat monitoring, traffic control, and any other field still unexplored that could be part of a pervasive scenario.

One of the main goals of the ProSense project is the improvement of the wireless sensor networking research capacity and capability of two selected WBC (West Balkan Countries) research centres, Skopje (FEEIT) and Belgrade (ETF) by strengthening the scientific and technical human resources and the S&T infrastructure at both locations.

The S&T infrastructure will be set up based on the requirements of the selected usage scenarios - emergency/disaster recovery and personal health monitoring systems for Skopje and Belgrade, respectively. The usage scenarios are chosen according to the current requirements and trends for development in the socio-economic fields in these countries and generally. They also seem to be particularly beneficial for the WBC region.

The focus of this deliverable is to present comprehensive specification of the selected infrastructure and as such to serve as a basic input for the subsequent project activities towards improving the research potential and competence of the research centres in the field of WSNs.

This deliverable report is part of the Work Package 4 (WP 4) – “S&T research infrastructure improvements and upgrades”. This WP aims to put in place a state-of-the-art research infrastructure in 2 WBC centres to facilitate the ongoing and the future research and educational activities in the WBC region. It will also allow researchers from these two centres to take an active role in other collaborative research projects.

The deliverable is organized as follows. After this summary, Section 2 presents state-of-the-art in WSNs regarding current projects and research centres among the academy. Furthermore, different WSN equipment that is available on the market with its specification and comparison is presented in this section. Section 3 provides short description of the usage scenarios intended for implementation in research centres in Skopje and Belgrade and provides justification for the equipment required for implementation of selected scenarios. Section 4 presents sustainability of the presented infrastructure, and finally, Section 5 concludes the report. Three Appendices present detailed specification of the equipment available on the market and suitable for implementation of the two scenarios.



State-of-the-art in WSN infrastructures

The importance of WSNs is highlighted by a number of initiated research projects, established laboratories worldwide and the range of possible applications. Relevant research projects and research groups that are of interest and that may provide relevant experience and expertise to the ProSense project were analyzed and are briefly elaborated in this section. Also, the equipment that is going to be implemented in Skopje and Belgrade is carefully examined as it is supposed to be used not just for use case selected in PROSENSE, but also as the basis for the ongoing research in various WSN research areas. In this manner, the ProSense project will serve its goals of transforming Skopje and Belgrade into regional WSN centres of excellences.

The first part of this section presents a state-of-the-art in WSNs’ current status in terms of WSN current projects and worldwide WSN research centres facilities. The latter part provides an overview of the relevant WSN equipment available on the market.

1.1 Current status

1.1.1 Relevant projectsThis section gives an overview of some of the most relevant publicly EU funded (FP6 and FP7) projects. The list includes limited projects which represent an opportunity for clustering without an ambition to cover the entire WSN research area. Besides the EU funded research, there are many other projects working in the WSN area founded by other institutions (DARPA, US NSF programs, etc.).

- FP6 - WINSOC (Wireless Sensor Networks with Self-Organization Capabilities for Critical and Emergency Applications),

http://www.winsoc.org/The key idea of WINSOC is the development of a totally innovative design methodology, mimicking biological systems, where the high accuracy and reliability of the whole sensor network is achieved through a proper interaction among nearby, low cost, sensors. The goal is, on one side, to develop a general purpose innovative wireless sensor network having distributed processing capabilities and, on the other side, to test applications on environmental risk management where heterogeneous networks, composed of nodes having various degree of complexity and capabilities, are made to work under realistic scenarios. More specifically, the project will address applications to small landslide detection, gas leakage detection and large scale temperature field monitoring.

- FP6 - UbiSec&Sense (Ubiquitous Sensing and Security in the European Homeland), http://www.ist-ubisecsens.org/

UbiSec&Sens project aims to provide a comprehensive architecture for medium and large scale wireless sensor networks with the full level of security that will make them trusted and secure for all applications. In addition UbiSec&Sens will provide a complete tool box of security aware components which, together with the UbiSec&Sens radically new design cycle for secure sensor networks, will enable the rapid development of trusted sensor network applications.

- FP7 - SENSEI (Integrating the Physical with the Digital World of the Network of the Future), http://www.ict-sensei.org/

SENSEI creates an open, business driven architecture that fundamentally addresses the scalability problems for a large number of globally distributed WS&A (Wireless Sensor & Actuator) devices. It provides necessary network and information management services to enable reliable and accurate context information retrieval and interaction with the physical environment. By adding mechanisms for accounting, security, privacy


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008and trust it enables an open and secure market space for context-awareness and real world interaction.

- FP6 - e-Sense (Capturing Ambient Intelligence for Mobile Communications through Wireless Sensor Networks),

http://www.ist-e-sense.org/e-SENSE proposes a context capturing framework that enables the convergence of many input modalities, mainly focusing on energy efficient wireless sensor networks that are multi-sensory in their composition, heterogeneous in their networking, either mobile or integrated in the environment e.g. from single sensors to thousands or millions of sensors collecting information about the environment, a person or an object. This framework will be able to supply ambient intelligent systems with information in a transparent way hiding underlying technologies thus enabling simple integration.

- FP 7 (Starting September, 1st, 2008) - GINSENG (Performance Control in Wireless Sensor Networks),

http://www.ict-ginseng.eu/The GINSENG project plans a significant advance beyond the state-of-the-art by developing a performance controlled WSN that is targeted for use in a range of industrial environments. GINSENG is a planned network that will be based on customised software components and algorithms that will be designed to meet application-specific performance targets. GINSENG will also develop novel middleware solutions that allow the network to integrate with industry IT (Internet Technology) systems. Its operation will be proven in a large-scale oil refinery, where performance is critical for monitoring health & safety, environmental impact, and process efficiency.

1.1.2 Relevant research centresIn this section, a short overview of important research groups active in WSN domain is provided.

- UCLA Computer Science Department, Network Research Lab,

http://netlab.cs.ucla.edu/cgi-bin/usemod10/wiki.cgiThis department supports research projects in a broad range of topics in network communications including network protocols and architectures, modelling and analysis, wireless networks, sensor networks, car-to-car networks, peer-to peer techniques, and network measurement. Part of their current projects focus on Underwater Networking, Vehicular Sensor Networks, Vehicular Safety applications and Wireless Network Security. C-VeT (Campus-Vehicular Testbed) provides platform to support car-to-car experiments in various traffic conditions and mobility patterns to test new protocols and applications.

- Berkley Wireless Research Centre, http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/

The research focus of this centre is on highly-integrated CMOS implementations with the lowest possible energy consumption and advanced communication algorithms. Components are fabricated using state-of-the-art processes and evaluated in a realistic test environment. One of the relevant projects is Smart Dust which science/engineering goal is to demonstrate that a complete sensor/communication system can be integrated into a cubic millimetre package. This involves both evolutionary and revolutionary advances in miniaturization, integration, and energy management.

- Western Michigan University, Wireless Sensornets Laboratory (WiSe Lab), http://www.cs.wmich.edu/wsn/

Some of the current relevant projects managed by this laboratory are Opportunistic Networks (Oppnets), Smart Occupancy Monitoring System, Collaborative Signal Processing, Location Tracking of Mobile Objects, Dynamic Sensor Networks, etc. Lab equipment in this centre consists of following WSN and RFID components: CCS RFID


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008Development Kit, RFID Transponder Read/Write tags, MICAz Development Kit and Tmote Sky Developers Kit (including 10 Nodes with Hum/Temp/Light Sensors).

- Harvard Sensor Networks Lab, http://fiji.eecs.harvard.edu/

The Harvard Sensor Networks Lab investigates software solutions for efficient, high-data-rate, adaptive wireless sensor networking systems. Their work is closely with domain scientists in medicine, geophysics, and public health to direct the research towards real-world applications of this technology. MoteLab is indoor, Web-enabled sensor network testbed which consist of 190 TMote Sky sensor "motes" running on TinyOS operating system.Current research projects are: Pixie - An operating system supporting resource-aware programming for sensor networks, and Lance - Utility-driven signal collection in high-data-rate sensor networks.CodeBly is relevant project which explores applications of wireless sensor network technology to a range of medical applications, including pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency care, disaster response, and stroke patient rehabilitation.

- University of New Orleans, Department for Computer Science, http://www.cs.uno.edu/research/wireless.htm

Current research focus of this department include service discovery, energy efficiency, network lifetime extension, data delivery, routing misbehaviour detection and mitigation, and security provision in wireless sensor networks. This research groups works on interesting issues such as efficient data delivery, mobile data sink, cluster head selection, and multiple channel medium access control schemes in wireless sensor networks.

- University of Surrey, Canter for Communication Systems Research, Wireless Sensor Network Research Lab, http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/CCSR/facilities/mobile/wsn/wsn_testbed.html

The Wireless Sensor Network Research Lab hosts a state-of-the art experimental research facility for WS&AN (Wireless Sensor & Actuator Networks). The testbed facility is used for the prototyping and evaluation of developed protocol solutions and serves as a basis for the development of novel mobile context aware services and applications. The testbed consists of wireless sensor and actuator nodes (70 SensiNode Micro.2420 and 5 SensiNode Nano.2430) that can be organised in different network topologies and individually configured for various experiments. The testbed facility also includes servers hosting an IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) service platform and laptops, servers and mobile devices some of them serving as mobile gateways devices, some of them used for protocol and application development and execution of context-aware application and services.

- Technische Universität München, Institute of Communication Networks, Wireless Sensor Network Laboratory,

http://www.lkn.ei.tum.de/lehre/wsn/index.html?lang=enThis laboratory of Wireless Sensor Networks offers students a theoretical and practical introduction to the concepts of wireless networks, focussing on sensor network aspects. The laboratory uses sensor nodes hardware made by Crossbow Technology Inc.

- CLARITY: The Centre for Sensor Web Technologies Bringing Information to Live, Dublin

http://www.clarity-centre.com/The CLARITY is a partnership between University College Dublin and Dublin City University, supported by research at the Tyndall National Institute (TNI) Cork. CLARITY is a research centre that focuses on the intersection between two important research areas -Adaptive Sensing and Information Discovery-to develop innovative new technologies of critical importance to Ireland's future industry base and contribute to


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008improving the quality of life of people in areas such as personal health, digital media and management of our environment.

1.2 WSN equipment available on the market

This subsection presents a short comparison survey of the WSN equipment relevant for the ProSense project and currently available on the market. The offered overview of existing sensor network platforms can also be of interest to many newcomers to the field. Technical details of the presented equipment are given in the Appendices.

The relevant WSN equipment for the ProSense project includes: Sun SPOTs, BTnodes, SHIMMER, FireFly, eZ430-RF2500, MICAz, Sensinode and Sentilla. Table 1 provides classification, comparison, programming languages and used OS (Operating System) for the WSN nodes, as well as some of their advantages and disadvantages, that are considered to be used within the scope of ProSense project.



Table 1: Comparison of ProSense relevant sensor equipment

WSN nodesProgramming language and

toolsOS Advantages Disadvantages

Sun SPOT Java Java Squawk VM

Large processing

power, ease of programming

High price, possibly short

battery life

BTnode rev 3

C ,AVR-GCC tool

chain on Win/Linux/MacO

S/BSD

TinyOS compatible

2 radios (Bluetooth and low-power 433-915 MHz radio)

High price,relatively

heavy,support

through the open-source community

SHIMMER nesCTinyOS

compatible

Optional second (Bluetooth)

radio,off-the–shelf

available extensions

High price,limited

availability

FireflyC,

GNU tool-chainNano-RK Very long

battery life

Relatively heavy (two AA

batteries)

eZ430-RF2500

C,IAR Kickstart,Code Compose Essentials Core

Edition

None (though TinyOS and

Contiki adaptations

exist)

Small size and weight, low cost,SimpliciTI stack

Low memory, moderate

processing power

MICAz nesCTinyOS

compatibleLow price,

long battery life

Short radio range (80m),

small processing

ability

SensinodeNanoStack written in C

Linux and Windows support

IP based

Application installing is

performed by upgrading to new firmware containing the

application

Sentilla JavaLinux and Windows support

Small devices, meshed

networking (no need for a gateway)

No operating system

(application installing is

performed by upgrading to new firmware containing the

application)


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-20081.3 Selected equipment

The ProSense partners decided to use modules mainly from Sun Microsystems, called Sun SPOTs (Small Programmable Object Technology) [14], The basic characteristic which made Sun SPOT modules attractive is that they are fully JAVA capable which makes application development less complex than programming in for example TinyOS (used for Crossbow motes). Sun SPOT is an open source platform based on Java VM called “Squawk”. Description of the platform and its technical characteristics is given in subsection 3.1.

In addition to Sun SPOTs, certain amount of TinyOS compatible nodes will be used, due to specific needs (in terms of the energy cost of communication) several of the usage scenarios might have. One of ETF’s usage scenarios (“Common Health Gateway”) specifically aims to create a common interface for accessing heterogeneous sensor networks, so it needs at least three different types of sensor nodes to be properly tested.

Sensor networks motes which will be additionally utilized are Sensinodes. Sensinode provides wireless sensor network products with seamless enterprise and internet integration. The nodes are running 6Lowpan (IP version for embedded computers) and are handy for networking research.



Infrastructure specifications

This section describes the envisioned research infrastructure that will be deployed in FEEIT (Skopje) and ETF (Belgrade) based on selected application scenarios. The application scenarios were chosen according to the specific regional needs and research interests of the partners. FEEIT’s team targets emergency/disaster recovery usage scenario, while ETF’s team targets personal health monitoring systems usage scenario.

The emergency/disaster recovery scenario is composed of three separate use cases: fire detection, earthquake detection and application of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) for disaster recovery and for making the FEEITs’ premises “smart building”. They are selected to show the duality of the whole concept - to have a system for emergency situations which will additionally monitor key environmental parameters, and separate system that functions under normal circumstances (“smart building” solution). There are plenty of other possible usage scenarios, and therefore the new research infrastructure is planned to be generic enough to enable their realization in the future.

The University of Belgrade (ETF) team is working on the following usage scenarios: Smart Running Track, Common Health Gateway and Health Hazard Monitoring. The Smart Running Track project should effectively demonstrate the benefits of remote monitoring of body parameters of the participants (runners), and at the same time, it should make the experience fun, in order to encourage the runners’ participation. The inspiration for this project came from the fact that the young population of Europe is spending an ever increasing amount of time in sedentary activities (such as using their computers), which is having a detrimental effect on their fitness level and their overall health. Common Health Gateway’s project aim is to facilitate rapid development of health applications for sensor networks, in order to increase reusability (in the future) of the deployed sensor network equipment. The third usage scenarios are the Health Hazard Monitoring projects: Interactive Street Sensing (ISS) and Mine Sensor Chat (MSC). These projects are inspired by some recent events – the repeated environmental damage to the town of Pančevo, Serbia and great loss of life in a mining accident in China where 21 miners died as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Following subsection will give a deeper insight into usage scenarios details and the appropriate WSN equipment for their realization.

1.4 Description of the common sensor networks’ platform for both research laboratories

This subsection presents Sun SPOTs as a technology which will be mainly used in the research laboratories in Skopje and Belgrade. This is the common sensor networks’ platform, and the appropriate detailed characteristics of the motes will be discussed in this section, while the other different hardware resources for the laboratories will be discussed separately and presented in the Appendices.

1.4.1 Sun SPOT functionality

The Sun SPOT is designed to be a flexible development platform, capable of hosting widely differing application modules. The Sun SPOT development kit, as supplied, contains two different configurations. One of the configurations includes a demonstration application module, the eDemo board.

The configurations supplied in the development kit are:


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008- Base station. The base station has an eSPOT main board without a battery or an application board. Power is supplied by a USB (Universal Serial Bus) connection to a host workstation. The base station serves as a radio gateway between other Sun SPOTs (and theoretically other 802.15.4 devices) and the host workstation (Figure 1).- eSPOT - This unit contains the main board with a rechargeable LI-ION prismatic battery and an example of an eSPOT daughterboard, the eDEMO board.

The development kit also contains:

- A wall-mount bracket for the eSPOT- An eSPOT module adapter. This plastic replaces the top eSPOT plastic and allows the eSPOT to be attached to a larger circuit board.

Figure 1 : eSPOT Board Configuration and Connectors

The eDEMO board is an example of the class of daughterboards that are compatible with the eSPOT main board. The eDemo board contains a 3-axis accelerometer, an ambient light sensor, eight tricolor LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes), two push buttons, six analog input pads, four high current high voltage output pads, and five general I/O (Input/Output) pads.

Features:- 180 MHz 32 bit ARM920T processor - 2.4GHz, IEEE 802.15.4 compliant TI CC2420 transceiver- 3-axis accelerometer - Temperature sensor - Light sensor - 8 three-colour LEDs - 6 analog inputs readable by an ADC - 5 general purpose I/O pins and 4 high current output pins- Runs Java VM called “Squawk”

Sun SPOTs have power conservation firmware that uses three modes of operation (Figure 2):

Run - Basic operation with all processors and radio running. Power draw for the eSPOT board in Run mode is between 70ma and 120ma. The application daughter board can consume up to 400ma if enabled.Idle - ARM9 clocks are shut off and the radio is off. Idle mode power consumption is about 24ma.


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008Deep-sleep - All regulators are shut down except for the standby LDO, the power-control Atmega and pSRAM. Deep-sleep power consumption is 32µA. Typical start-up time from deep-sleep is about 2msec to 10msec. Waking the processor up from deep-sleep can be done with the alarm, an external interrupt or pressing the attention button.

Figure 2 : Power Consumption Mode Transitions

BatteryThe internal battery is a 3.7V 720maH rechargeable lithium-ion prismatic cell. The battery has internal protection circuit to guard against over discharge, under voltage and overcharge conditions. The battery can be charged from either the USB type mini-B device connector or from an external source with a 5V ±10% supply. Typical shelf life losses at room temperature are about 2% of the batteries capacity per month and the rate can increase with the rise in temperature.

The simplest, safest, and easiest way of extending the operating period of a Sun SPOT beyond the length of one battery charge is to provide USB power. There are a variety of USB power dongles available on the market, including AC (Alternating Current) and battery powered models.

1.4.2 Programming the SPOTs

SPOTs can be programmed using Java. A user’s application can communicate with Sun SPOTs via a base station which is a Sun SPOT without sensor board connected to a PC (Personal Computer) with the USB port. Some Sun SPOT components are open source both hardware and software. Sun SPOTS can be emulated in software, Sun SPOT SDK (Software Development Kit) and interact with the real Sun SPOTS via a base station connected to the PC. This functionality may extend significantly the size of WSN built just from 2 motes.

The Squawk virtual machine is a small JavaTM virtual machine written mostly in Java that runs without an operating system on a wireless sensor platform. Squawk translates standard class file into an internal pre-linked, position independent format that is compact and allows for efficient execution of bytecodes that have been placed into a read-only memory. In addition, Squawk implements an application isolation mechanism whereby applications are represented as object and are therefore treated as first class objects (i.e., the they can be reified). Application isolation also enables Squawk to run multiple applications at once with all immutable state being shared between the applications. Mutable state is not shared. The combination of these features reduces the memory footprint of the VM, making it ideal for deployment on small devices.

Squawk provides a wireless API (Application Programming Interface) that allows developers to write applications for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), this API is an


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008extension of the Generic Connection Framework (GCF). Authentication of deployed files on the wireless device and migration of applications between devices is also performed by the VM.

1.5 Description of the usage scenario for emergency/disaster recovery applications

The objective of the emergency/disaster recovery scenario is to provide a flexible and low-cost sensing mechanism that will reduce eventual casualties. This includes casualties during an earthquake, self-collapsing of old and unstable structures, fires and other natural or man-induced catastrophes. Localization of eventual victims during emergency situations would be provided by additional RFID system.

The scenario is composed of three different use cases: fire detection, earthquake detection and “smart building”. The common scenario for WSN and RFID implementation at the FEEITs’ premises is presented in the following Figure 3. The premises include 7 offices, conference room, laboratory, hallway and entrance.

Figure 3 : Scheme of WSN and RFID implementation at FEEIT’s premises

The complete network consists of: Sun SPOT (Small Programmable Object Technology) modules, two RFID readers, two servers, monitor, cameras, alarm, UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply), relay and dialling device.

All of the premises are equipped with at least one SPOT module, each one with temperature and vibration sensors and some of them with additional CO (carbon


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008monoxide) sensor. The gateways are located in the centrally positioned laboratory and at the entrance. This provides good clustering for energy saving and at the same time is a good way to provide back up in the case of a gateway failure.

One RFID reader is positioned at the entrance to register people equipped with RFID tags when they enter the premises. Their presence is announced on a LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) display. The other RFID reader is connected to the server in the laboratory for back up and eventually for better resolution. The readers are connected via a WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) network.

A dialling device and the SMS (Short Message Service) gateway are connected with the server in the laboratory. One of the SPOTs has an alarm speaker connected to it. 4 web cameras are set in the premises and are used for monitoring. The SPOTs (especially the ones placed in the external parts of the institute) will be connected with smoke detectors.

Since the main goal is to create an independent system, an UPS device would keep alive the network after eventual disaster and power failure. Relay is provided to switch off the current in case of emergency.

Sun SPOT nodes have two modes of operation: awake and sleep (idle). The nodes will be in sleep mode a number of times longer than being awake, thus providing network increased lifetime through improved power efficiency. When in sleep mode - the nodes can be woken up by the smoke detector only (in case when a higher level of smoke is detected) or when the sleeping time period expires. When the node wakes up, it floods beacons and based on the received acknowledgements learns about the other nodes in the neighbourhood. This is the way the node makes a routing table for how to transfer the information to the sink. This table is kept only when the mote is awake and is not changed during that time. More than 50% of the nodes will be awake at any time, thus providing accurate earthquake detection (explanation in the second use/case).

The programming part of the scenario will be based on J2ME and Java API for the Sun SPOTs. Base station application is also based on J2ME and Java API for the Sun SPOTs, while server application is J2SE compatible. RFID system’s programming depends of the specific equipment which will be purchased (see Appendix 2.1). In addition, FEEIT’s team investigates possibilities for online key environmental parameters monitoring. For that purpose, the team has initialized a creation of a web interface (http://prosense.free2hoxt.com/), which is still under construction.

Different scenarios presented in the subsections that follow will take into account general scenario presented above. Based on these scenarios, the requirements for specific equipment are compiled. Except the common platform composed of Sun SPOT modules, the rest of the hardware resources will be described in the Appendices.


http://prosense.free2hoxt.com/


1.5.1 Usage scenario for fire detection

This section exemplifies how the above described WSN react in case of a fire, which has been originated at the end of the hallway (see Figure 3).

The CO sensor associated with the SPOT No.1 detects an increased level of smoke. Since the node is in sleep mode, the CO sensor wakes up the SPOT node. The temperature sensor detects increased temperature and at the same time the node floods beacon frames to learn about the neighbour nodes which are awake. This possible WSN reaction about the situation is as presented in the following chart (Figure 4):

Figure 4 : Messages flow in a case of fire detection

The information about the possible fire (plus measured temperature and SPOTs ID) arrives at the sink through multi-hop routing. The sink SPOT will turn on the camera, turn on the alarm and activate the dialling device that will warn the responsible people about the possible danger. False alarms will be avoided by using the cameras, at the same time as the relay will switch off the current in the premises to avoid additional complications.

The RFID reader at the entrance will detect who left the building after the alarm was activated. If someone (for any reason) did not leave, the system detects that and this additional information is added to the recorded message, which is sent to the people in charge (using the auto-dial device): emergency services, managers. The message should look like this:

“The building X, located on street Y No.Z, is in fire, and the number of people that are trapped is: B”



1.5.2 Usage scenario for earthquake detection

Earthquake detection is the second use case. Sensors 1, 4 and 7 are awake and they detect low frequency and high amplitude vibrations, using their on-board accelerometer. They have active tables with nodes they can use for delivering the information about the level of vibration to the sink node. The WSN will announce that there is an earthquake if 3 or more SPOTs (any 3 SPOTs) have send this kind of information to the sink. The sink will calculate the overall level of vibrations. If this level exceeds certain threshold value, the sink will send commands to the alarm and the dialling device to turn on.

Figure 5 presents short illustration of messages flow in the WSN network when sensors 1, 4 and 7 detect high level of vibration. In this example the nodes 9 and 6 are used as hop nodes to transfer the information to the sink, since there are only awaken neighbour nodes.

Figure 5 : Messages flow in a case of earthquake detection

After the sink has calculated the potential earthquake and the remote department for emergency situations has been notified, the information stored in the RFID system will be used (about the number of persons inside the potential ruins).

The RFID reader at the entrance will detect who left the building after alarm sounded off the earthquake. The information of the recorded message will be send to the people in charge, and it should look like this:

“The building X, located on street Y No.Z, is damaged or ruined, and the number of people that are trapped is: B”



1.5.3 RFID for disaster recovery and for “smart building”

The RFID system consists of two active readers and about 20 active tags. Additional tags can be added upon request depending of the number of employees, since our scenario allocate an active RFID tag to each employee. Active RFID components are utilized due to their inbuilt memory storage and larger operating ranges.

The following Figure 6 presents messages flow, according to the current system events. Persons with tags number 1 and 3 get into the premises; the RFID at the entrance notices their presence and displays this information on the LCD monitor. When the employee with the tag number 2 gets out of the RFID readers’ coverage, the monitor will signal that the person is not present in the premises. Additionally, the reader can be used for finding items associated with tags (more information in the equipment description in Appendix 2.1).

Figure 6 : Message flow among the devices in the RFID system

The RFID system will have precise identification and location of people in real time. This information will assist in fast detection of employees when unexpected disaster would occur, thus providing in time response.

Apart from this scenario, RFID would be used to make our faculty premises a “smart building”. The display at the entrance door would provide information about which professors and teaching assistants are at their workplaces. This will save students’ time and would provide effective system for preventing unnecessary professors’ disturbance.

In addition to that we plan to attach small RFID tags to important devices, such as laptops, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant) or remote controllers, to ensure their easy


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008localisation. Furthermore, readers’ output relays can be used for triggering the power and light switches according to people presence in the premises.

1.6 Description of the usage scenario for personal health care monitoring system

The University of Belgrade (ETF) team is working on several scenarios, which can be broadly categorized to: public health monitoring, personal health monitoring, sport and fitness and common infrastructure.

1.6.1 Smart Running Track

The Smart Running Track (SRT) project is a sport and fitness/personal health project. The idea is to provide a smart, competitive environment for runners. The runners should be able to see their position and the position of other runners on the track map displayed on their mobile phones. They should, also, be able to review their main health parameters (such as blood pressure, body temperature, the amount of calories burned). In order to increase competitiveness, the new ranking criteria other than the usual running order will be provided (e.g. amount of calories burned, or if the track is a trim-track, the number of exercises performed). Personal health monitoring will be performed by a physician, who will use a supervisor computer to review the body parameters of all runners at once.

SRT Hardware

In the Smart Running Track project: four types of hardware devices are used:i. Mobile sensor nodes, one per each runnerii. Stationary sensor nodes (“tracking stations”), deployed along the running pathiii. Mobile phones, one per each runner, used to provide feedback to the runnersiv. A supervisor computer, used by a trained physician to monitor body parameters

of the runners.

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Figure 7: Smart Running Track system architecture

The mobile sensor nodes utilize sensors to measure the runners’ heart rate, current running speed, acceleration and body temperature. The collected information is used for two purposes: a) to measure how much calories runners have spent, which provides valuable feedback to the runners themselves and can also be used as a parameter based on which runners are ranked; b) to enable the supervisor physician to react, if, for


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008instance, some runner’s heart rate gets too high and it is no longer advisable for him or her to continue running.

The tracking stations are used to avoid using GPS (Global Positioning System) equipment which is costly in terms of both money and energy consumption. Instead, stationary nodes with manually provided GPS information will help passing mobile nodes to establish their position, using distances to at least two tracking stations and discarding one of the two possible intersections which is not on the specified running path.

All sensor nodes collect and disseminate the sensed data; this way, all sensor nodes should have the most recent position of all other sensor nodes along with body parameter data for each runner (heart rate, amount of calories burned). This information is presented to runners through an application running on their mobile phones. The data are transmitted using Bluetooth.

SRT Software

On each of the different hardware devices of the SRT project, different software is being developed to implement the proposed capabilities:

i. SRT Track Server Application – running on the supervisor computerii. SRT Mobile Application – running on mobile phonesiii. A sensing and forwarding application, deployed on sensor nodesiv. Stub Application – simulates the entire system as a black box, to provide test

input to the Track Server Application until the network is deployed

SRT Track Server Application will be used by a physician to supervise the runners and track their individual bodily parameters. Development on the Track Server Application has begun with artificial data in place of real network readings. It is developed in Java using Eclipse IDE (Integrated Development Environment) enhanced with the Visual Editor plugin.

Figure 8: Screenshot of the SRT Server Application

SRT Mobile Application will be used by the runners. It should provide a “score list” to the runners, ranking them by their present running order or the number of calories spent; a “map view”, where they can observe their location and the location of the other runners graphically, and a “bio-screen view”, where a summary of their bodily parameters is presented. SRT Mobile Application is developed in Java Mobile Edition (J2ME) through Eclipse enhanced with the EclipseME plugin.



Figure 9: Proposed look of SRT Mobile Application

Implementation of the Sensing and forwarding application will start once the required equipment is commissioned; until then, a Stub application is used to simulate input.

1.6.2 Common Health Gateway

Another project that has been initiated at the University of Belgrade is creation of a software component which is used as a common infrastructure component in various personal health care monitoring systems. The idea is to create a gateway software component that lies on desktop computer and functions as a gateway to the various WBSNs based on different protocols and platforms (ZigBee based, SUN SPOT, Bluetooth…). Such a component should offer a unique interface based on XML messages to the user desktop graphical applications in order to acquire sensor data. Practically, that means our component unifies and translates specific WSN formats of messages to one format that is more descriptive and suitable for users. This should enable an easier implementation of graphical applications that should interpret gathered data from sensors. The good feature is also that such graphical applications that use our gateway component could be located practically anywhere, since the service is publicly published on the Internet as long as the users have appropriate rights to use available sensor data. Also, it is allowed that several applications executed at different devices and locations could use the same sensor data at the same time.



Figure 10: Basic Diagram of Common Health Gateway


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008The typical working scenario is as follows: a user application first issues a request to the Common Health Gateway. The request is in XML format, and consists of the type of the request, id of wsn (or alias name), id of sensor node (or alias name), and id of certain sensor. The Common Health Gateway translates the received message into an internal format, and after validating access rights executes it. During the execution, the database will be queried to check if the requested data has already been stored (for example as a result of previous requests). If requested data are not found, the internal request will be translated to the appropriate format for selected WSN. There are specific components, so-called Connectors, which are responsible for translation of requests to the format for certain wireless sensor networks.

Figure 11: Sequence diagram of typical working scenario with Common Health Gateway

In order to achieve compatibility of the Common Health Gateway with different WSN platforms, three typical nodes per specific platform (three SUN SPOTs, three MICAz, three Bluetooth enabled motes) will be required. It is expected that it will be possible to use the same SDKs that will be used in other ETF’s projects.

1.6.3 Health Hazard Monitoring

Health hazard monitoring efforts of the ETF team include two use cases in the general domain of public and personal healthcare. These are monitoring systems, capable of relevant data dissemination to all interested parties.Interactive Street Sensing


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008The first scenario, formally called Interactive Street Sensing (ISS), presents innovative approach to walking activity, from the medical as well as from the human daily life perspective. The main idea is to make streets “alive” by using sensor network infrastructure and human interaction. The network will be arranged as the composition of nodes equipped with different sensors, like temperature, light, pressure, humidity, CO, CO2, O2 etc. (number of sensors in use is limited by number of available pins on the nodes and by number of available commercial sensor products). Human interaction to deployed sensor network infrastructure will primarily be based on mobile phone usage. This use-case assumes that the deployed small scale network will be integrated into larger scale networks, especially the Internet.

ISS Hardware

ISS network architecture contains four conceptual parts: sensor nodes, mobile phones, a base station and a server component. Sensor nodes are Sun SPOT devices equipped with a number of sensors. These nodes are capable of gathering relevant medical information from the environment and transferring the information to cell phones (via Bluetooth link) and to the base station (via 802.15.4). Bluetooth enabled cell phones are in charge of data interpretation and production of the appropriate output to interested parties. In this case, the interested parties are people willing to know the state of the environment they’re facing. A base station, a Sun SPOT device without sensor board, is attached to server component through USB connection. This device is used for data transfer from nodes to the server computer unit. The server component maintains a database in which collected information is stored and integrates the whole ISS sensor infrastructure with Internet.

Figure 12: ISS Architecture Overview

ISS Software

ISS software component is formed from four applications, running on four different hardware elements: sensor node, mobile phone, base station and server application. Sensor node application is based on J2ME and Java API for Sun SPOTs. Mobile phone application is J2ME based component. Base station application is also based on J2ME


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008and Java API for Sun SPOTs. Server application is J2SE compatible, with additional SQL programming.

This usage scenario also includes proper simulation software, entirely Java-based.

Mine Sensor Chat

The second health hazard monitoring scenario, formally called Mine Sensor Chat (MSC), is a relatively simple scenario but with a lot of benefits for the miners’ health and life threats prevention. The system should prevent dangerous accidents in the mine areas and provide more security for the miners. The idea is to enable sensor nodes to detect dangerous substances in the mines (CO, CO2 as the most hazardous), in order to secure miners’ activity. This will be achieved by placing the nodes as part of the miners’ equipment, and enabling communication among them. The physical means of communication will be determined after careful analysis, when the best method (wireless, optical, or a combination) will be selected based on the estimate of its performance in an underground setting.

MSC hardware

MSC network architecture is completely based on Sun SPOT devices, equipped with a minimal number of necessary sensors. Sensor list contains sensors for detecting the concentration level of CO and CO2, as two biggest contaminants in mine areas. The nodes operate as pollutant detector and miner’s information supplier. Output signals should be relevant only to the mine workers, in order to coordinate miners’ steps which include decisions of “what to do next” type. These “what to do next” decisions refer to miners’ motion actions and mode switching of sensor nodes. The architecture is formed as small system pattern because of the proper use-case nature as “emergency on the spot” type of application. The described scenario is, in its essence, the medical emergency case and as such is suitable for presented infrastructure.

Figure 13: MSC architecture overview

MSC software


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008In this case, programming is based on J2ME and Java API for Sun SPOTs. The main part of the application is a precise definition of the communication protocol, which will be accurately provided during the implementation process.

1.6.4 Remote Pulse Monitoring

Finally, the ETF team is working on a Remote Pulse Monitoring application, which should enable remote monitoring of the patient’s heart pulse. This could be useful for post-hospital treatment of heart patients, to facilitate rapid reaction if any of the symptoms the patient has been suffering from returns.

There are several positions on the human body where the heart pulse could be measured. The ED mote, with its low pressure sensor, could be attached by the belt (a necklace or a bracelet), on specific places of human body, as shown on following figures.

Figure 14: Measuring the pulse at Arteria carottis

communis

Figure 15: Measuring the pulse at Arteria radialis

Figure 16: Measuring the pulse at Arteria brachialis

The signal, measured by a heart pulse sensor, should have the following appearance.

Figure 17: Heart pulse waveform

From this signal, the amplitude and the frequency of the heart pulse can be precisely determined. The signal, taken from a human neck or a hand, would be pre-processed by an ED’s microcontroller, to eliminate the noise or human body movement oscillations. Wireless communication between ED mote and AP (Access Point) could be reduced, by sending the clean compressed heart pulse signal. That signal, should be decompressed by AP, or the software application.The extended system, with more ED motes, could be used for wireless condition monitoring of the group of patients in a hospital, or the whole team in a sports hall.



Sustainability

Infrastructure described in this report is sustainable, meaning it can exist and work irrespective of its initial application. The equipment that will be purchased is of general purpose and flexible thus making its reusability in various new and diverse applications in the future possible. As a result, both research laboratories in Skopje and Belgrade will benefit from the commissioned infrastructure beyond the scope of the ProSense project.

Since knowledge generation and, by implication, innovation, directly depend on the quality and availability of research infrastructures, the ProSense platform will serve as a laboratory open for students and researchers, not just for ProSense activities. FEEIT will use its infrastructure to create and support sensor networks courses (for undergraduate and as well for MSc and PhD studies), as well as for implementation of different testbeds and validation of research results.

As knowledge dissemination is one of the ProSense main objectives, FEEIT will provide thematic presentations with special focus on feasible real-world applications of sensor networks, with the aim of attracting the attention of industry and governmental organizations. These presentations, except for interested researchers, will be open to participants from governmental organizations (for example from the areas of natural disaster protection and recovery, Health, transportation, water management, etc) and business/industry experts (for example from software/hardware manufacturers, industry trend watchers, market research organizations), in order to pay special attention to the importance of the real-world applications of sensor networks and possible near-future implementations. The research infrastructure and acquired competence will assist industry to strengthen its base of knowledge and technological know-how. The ETF team will put strong emphasis on helping young researchers write papers and publish in renowned magazines, without the need to seek the necessary equipment outside of Serbia. To this end, following the completion of the project, ETF will provide access to its sensor network laboratory to interested MSc and PhD students.

Moreover, the ETF team plans to introduce an undergraduate sensor network course in its Computer Engineering curriculum. This course should include lectures, classroom exercises and laboratory exercises; for the third part, in addition to sensor network simulators, ETF would provide opportunities for undergraduate students to interact with the technology first-hand, through a sensor network laboratory equipped under the auspices of the ProSense project.



Conclusion

The document presents a research infrastructure that will be used to establish two WSN research labs including required equipment for the usage scenarios which will be implemented in FEEIT’s and ETF’s laboratories. The equipment responds to the specific usage scenarios requirements, is within the framework of the provided budget and is presented in accordance with the constant market observation and current trends in WSN applications development.

FEEIT and ETF will commission a state-of-the-art equipment and thus will establish themselves as potential “Regions of knowledge“, aiming to strengthen their research potential in this particularly interesting and significant field of Wireless Sensor Networks.

The selected infrastructure will meet the designated requirements because of its resilience, robustness, sustainability and ultimately because of its price. It will serve as sensor networks platform for the ProSense objectives and for the future purposes, leading towards many new opportunities for WBC countries development and promotion among the WSN research community.



References

[1] Official website for BTnode http://www.btnode.ethz.ch (Accessed on 25 August 2008).[2] Wireless Sensor Platform for Wearable Applications, SHIMMER™, http://shimmer-research.com (Accessed on 25 August 2008).[3] FireFly, Real-Time Wireless Sensor Network Platform, http://www.ece.cmu.edu/firefly/ (Accessed on 25 August 2008). [4] MSP430x21x1, Mixed Signal Microcontroller from Texas Instruments (TI). Product datasheet available at focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/msp430f2131.pdf (Accessed on 25 August 2008).[5] Complete Suite of Wireless Sensor Networking Products, Crossbow Technology, Inc. http://www.xbow.com (Accessed on 25 August 2008). [6] Sensinode Ltd. website http://www.sensinode.com (Accessed on 28 August 2008).[7] Sentilla website http://www.sentilla.com (Accessed on 28 August 2008).[8] TinyNode platform developed at Shockfish SA, http://www.shockfish.com (Accessed on 25 August 2008).[9] Tmote hardware products developed at Motive, Inc. http://www.moteiv.com (Accessed on 25 August 2008).[10] Smart-Its Particle Prototypes, Sensor and Add-On Boards. University of Karlsruhe, http://particle.teco.edu (Accessed on 25 August 2008).[11] Atmel 8-bit Microcontroller, product datascheet available at http://www.atmel.com/atmel/acrobat/doc2467.pdf (Accessed on 25 August 2008).[12] ZigBee® Solutions, Texas Instruments website http://focus.ti.com/analog/docs/rfifcomponentshome.tsp?familyId=367&contentType=4&DCMP=TIHomeTracking&HQS=Other+OT+home_p_rf_if&DCMP=HPA_RFIC_General&HQS=NotApplicable+OT+lprf (Accessed on 25 August 2008).[13] XE1205 integrated transceiver from Semtech, http://www.semtech.com/products/Wireless&Sensing/Wireless/WirelessRF/XE1205 (Accessed on 25 August 2008).[14] SUN Spot World, official Website for Sun SPOTs http://www.sunspotworld.com (Accessed on 20 May 2008).[15] Anhoch website http://www.anhoch.com (Accessed on 20 May 2008).[16] DSC Wireless Photoelectric Smoke Detectors, http://www.safemart.com/DSC-Security-Wireless-Accessories/DSC-Wireless-Photoelectric-Smoke-Detector-WS4916.htm (Accessed on 20 May 2008).[17] SINTEL 7 dialling device. Pro Alarm website http://www. proalarm.hr (Accessed on 20 May 2008).[18] Sparkfun Electronics website http://www.sparkfun.com (Accessed on 20 May 2008).[19] Set Computers website http:// www.set.com.mk (Accessed on 20 May 2008).[20] Zikol website http://www.zikol.com.mk (Accessed on 20 May 2008).[21] HVW Technologies website http://www.hvwtech.com (Accessed on 20 May 2008).[22] Micro XP and Linux Server Configurations, Micro-Server Website http://www.micro-servers.com/xpconfigurations.html (Accessed on 20 May 2008).[23] Wizard Systems website http://www.wizard.com.mk (Accessed on 20 May 2008).[24] Rade Koncar Contactors & Relays L.t.d. http://www.radekoncar.pl (Accessed on 20 May 2008).[25] Active Wave, Complete RFID solutions, http://www.activewaveinc.com (Accessed on 20 May 2008).[26] TagSense Inc, Custom RFID solutions for tracking, identification, and sensing. http://www.tagsense.com (Accessed on 20 May 2008).[27] SecuriCode, Supplier of Active RFID identity and tracking solutions, http://www.securicode.co.uk (Accessed on 20 May 2008).


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008[28] Oximeters & Sensors from Nonin Medical, Inc. http://www.nonin.com (Accessed on 25 August 2008).[29] Pulse Oximetry, Capnography and Patient Monitoring, MedLab Medizinische Diagnosegeräte GmbH, http://www.medlab-gmbh.de (Accessed on 25 August 2008). [30] The Temperature Solutions, Advanced Industrial Systems, Inc. http://www.advindsys.com (Accessed on 25 August 2008).[31] Emtcompany.com, Inc. Online electronics store for batteries, electronics, accessories and other mobile products, http://www.emtcompany.com/the_company.htm (Accessed on 25 August 2008).[32] Temperature, Humidity and Controller Kele Distribution Products. Precon, A Division of Kele Website http://www.preconusa.com/distributor.htm (Accessed on 25 August 2008).[33] Sensors for Carbon Monoxide, KWJ Engineering Inc. http://www.kwjengineering.com/ (Accessed on 25 August 2008).[34] Motorola/Freescale Semiconductor’s MPXC2011DT1/ MPXC2012DT1, datasheet available at http://www.rlocman.ru/datasheet/data.html?di=35826&/MPXC2011DT1 (Accessed on 25 August 2008).



AppendicesThis section provides technical details of the common WSN equipment to be used in both laboratories (Appendix 1), specific WSN equipment to be used for the selected usage scenarios (Appendix 2) and some details on the necessary software resources (Appendix 3).

Appendix :1 Specification of the common WSN equipment

Introduction and classification of the available WSN equipment is presented in the subsection 2.2 of the deliverable report. This Appendix gives advanced description of the different sensor nodes and their potential use.

Sun SPOT

Manufacturer: SUN Microsystems Developed at: SUNPrice: EUR 627 for Sun SPOT Development Kit

Figure 18 : Sun SPOT

Description:Sun SPOT are a specific kind of sensor nodes with larger processing ability, which allows them to use a Java virtual machine (Squawk) instead of a special purpose operating system. This allows for an easier programming model compared to other reviewed motes. Sun SPOTs do not support ZigBee directly, but they use an 802.15.4 MAC layer (the same as ZigBee), which means that ZigBee might be implemented with a software add-on, thus enabling connectivity with other ZigBee-using nodes. However, the large processing power might mean that Sun SPOTs use up their battery quicker than other nodes [14].

Potential use: Due to relative ease of programming and possibly short battery life, SUN Spots are probably best used in a classroom setting as an educational tool. Other use might be to develop a proof-of-concept for an application quickly and easily.

BTnode rev 3

Manufacturer: Art of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland Developed at: ETH ZurichPrice: - 165 EUR for samples- 520 EUR for Developer Kit (2 BTnodes rev3, 1 usbprog rev2, 1 Atmel ATAVRISP MK2 programmer)



Figure 19: BTnode

Description:The BTnode is a versatile, autonomous wireless communication and computing platform based on a Bluetooth radio, a second low-power radio and a microcontroller. It serves as a demonstration and prototyping platform for research in mobile and ad-hoc connected networks (MANETs) and distributed sensor networks (WSNs). The low-power radio is the same as used on the Berkeley Mica2 Motes, making the BTnode rev3 a twin, both of the Mote and the old BTnode. Both radios can be operated simultaneously or be independently powered off completely when not in use, considerably reducing the idle power consumption of the device [1].

Potential use:BTnode is best suited for sensor networks that need to communicate to other devices over Bluetooth. For other applications other nodes with similar/better characteristics are available at a lower price.

SHIMMER

Manufacturer: Realtime Technologies Developed at: Intel Digital Health Advanced Technology Group, Cambridge MAPrice: 1,900 EUR for a development kit

Figure 20: SHIMMER

The development kit contains:

SHIMMER Base Boards (Bluetooth and 802.15.4 radios on both SHIMMERs) 250 mAh Rechargeable Lithium Polymer Batteries 1 ECG Add-on Board 1 Kinematics Add-on Board 1 AnEx Board for rapid prototyping 1 ECG Enclosure 1 Kinematics (Clear Top) Enclosure 1 Multi Charger 1 Dual UART Programmer (also acts as Single Unit Charger) 1 Printed SHIMMER Manual 1 SHIMMER Getting Started CD 1 2GB Micro SD Card 1 USB to USB B lead to connect dual UART dock to PC 1 SDK Carry case


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008Additional Motes are available at a price of 199 EUR.

Description:SHIMMER is a small wireless sensor platform designed to support wearable applications. It provides an extremely extensible platform for real-time kinematics motion and physiological sensing. It features a large storage capacity and low-power standards based wireless communication technologies which facilitate wearable or wireless sensing in both connected and disconnected modes [2].

Potential use:Shimmer’s light weight and small size make it ideal for wearable applications. Several extensions for bio-monitoring are available off the shelf. The integrated Li-ion battery is intended to provide power to the node for several days, up to two weeks, making it less suitable for applications where nodes are positioned and expected to work for a long period of time (months or years).

Firefly

Manufacturer: ?Developed at: Carnegie Mellon UniversityPrice: ?

Figure 21: Firefly

Description:FireFly is a low-cost wireless sensor network platform capable of data acquisition, processing & multi-hop mesh communication. Each battery-operated node functions with scalable & economical global time-synchronization and delivers a lifetime of 1.5-2 years. Fixed and mobile nodes can dynamically form a network and facilitate applications such as utility monitoring, surveillance, location tracking and voice communication. It is easy to add-on custom modules for user-specific applications [3].

Potential use:FireFly nodes have a very long battery life, making them the best choice for applications where a long battery life is essential.

eZ430-RF2500

Manufacturer: Texas InstrumentsDeveloped at: Texas Instruments Price: 49$ for a development kit (2 eZ430-RF2500, USB programming interface)



Figure 22: TI eZ430

Description:The eZ430-RF2500 is a wireless development tool for the MSP430 and CC2500.The tool includes a USB powered emulator to program and debug your application in-system and two 2.4-GHz wireless target boards featuring the highly integrated MSP430F2274 ultra-low-power MCU. All the required software is included such as a complete Integrated Development Environment and SimpliciTI, a propriety low-power star network stack, enabling robust wireless networks out of the box. The eZ430-RF2500 uses the MSP430F22x4 which combines 16-MIPS performance with a 200-ksps 10-bit ADC and 2 op-amps and is paired with the CC2500 multi-channel RF transceiver designed for low-power wireless applications [4].

Potential use:eZ430-RF2500 small size and very low price, combined with the SimpliciTI stack make it an ideal solution for applications with small radius network (SimpliciTI stack doesn’t support multi-hop routing) where a limited amount of memory and processing power is sufficient.

MICAz

Manufacturer: CrossbowDeveloped at: UC BerkeleyPrice: 150 EUR for the processor/radio board

Figure 23: MICAz

Description: The MICAz enables higher bandwidth wireless sensor networking applications and is optimized for even harsh indoor environments that require high data rate transmissions. The latest in a rapidly expanding family of Crossbow Motes tailored to support specific application requirements; the MICAz is plug and play with all of Crossbow's sensor and data acquisition boards, gateways and software [5].

Potential use:


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008The MICAz is the one of the most widely deployed sensor platforms in existence. It is suitable for applications not requiring long range radio communication (indoor settings).

Sensinode

Manufacturer: Sensinode Ltd.Price: ~1000EUR per development kit

Figure 24: 6LoWPAN Devkit K210

The development kit contains:

6LoWPAN software development kit (CD-ROM)• FreeRTOS and full toolchain distributions• NanoStack™ 1.x with source-code license• Sensinode portal and engineering support• Full PDF manuals and quick start guide

• 1 Devboard D210 for debugging & programming• 2 RadioCrafts RC2301AT modules

• Motherboard adapter with pins for D210 use• 2 NanoRouter™ N601 USB Sticks• 4 NanoSensor™ N711 Sensor Nodes• 4 battery sets for N711• 1 USB cable• Carrying case

Description: The products include innovative low-power, ad hoc wireless technology based on IEEE 802.15.4 and Internet Protocol standards. It is a complete developed platform based on open-source, open-standard tools. The development kit includes a flexible laboratory bench Devboard giving access to signals, debugging and programming features. A selection of 8 Sensinode Nano Series products are included, allowing the creation of various wireless sensor network topologies with NanoRouter™ USB sticks and wireless NanoSensors™. NanoStack is a commercial, open-source protocol stack with full features, full source code, a graphical java tool, and professional support through the Sensinode portal. NanoStack is written in C over the FreeRTOS kernel and can be ported to many hardware platforms. In addition the stack includes Linux and Windows support of PC networking and open-source development tools. NanoStack supports IEEE 802.15.4, IPv6, UDP, ICMP and 6lowpan standards along with NanoMesh forwarding and other features [6].

Potential use: Sensinode are suitable for IP-based wireless embedded and sensor network solutions for enterprise WSN concepts, building automation, asset management and advanced metering infrastructures.

Sentilla

Manufacturer: Sentilla CorporationPrice: $199 (Perk kit, 2 Jcreates and a USB gateway)



Figure 25: Sentilla Perk kit

Sentilla Perk kit contaiins: 1 USB gateway 2 Jcreate motes 1 USB porgramming fixture 4 AAA batteries 1 Sentilla installation CD including USB divers

Description: The Perk Pervasive Computing Kit is a complete package containing everything needed to prototype pervasive computing applications (distributed applications that run on small, battery-powered wireless computers deployed at scale throughout real world objects) with the ease and familiarity of Java. It contains hardware (two JCreate prototyping motes and one USB Gateway) in addition to software (an Eclipse-based IDE) to start developing pervasive computing applications on the Sentilla platform.Perk includes 3 pervasive computers -- 2 JCreate nodes and 1 USB Gateway. JCreate is built using Sentilla Mini,tiny OEM hardware module bundled with Sentilla Point, Java-based pervasive runtime environment. JCreate includes a three-axis accelerometer with configurable sensitivity, a temperature sensor, 2 ports for Phidgets, an expansion for other sensors (like GPS, analog, and digital sensors), an integrated antenna, 8 LEDs, and comes in an enclosure that holds 2 AAA batteries. Perk also includes Sentilla Work, Integrated Development Environment based on Eclipse [7].

Potential use: Distributed applications that run on small, battery-powered wireless computers deployed at scale throughout real world objects.

Appendix :2 Specifications of the equipment required to realize the usage scenarios

This Appendix presents different equipment with technical specification, suitable for appropriate realization of the described usage scenarios for FEEIT’s laboratory (Appendix 2.1) and for ETF’s laboratory (Appendix 2.2) respectively.

Appendix 2.1 Equipment suitable for FEEIT’s laboratory

Usage scenarios for fire and earthquake detection utilize identical equipment with adjustment of the sensors they use to detect the certain phenomenon. The suitable hardware resources are presented in the first part of this Appendix, and the later part presents different RFID equipment appropriate for realization of the “smart building” usage scenario.



UPS 950 VA UPS Energy Protector

Manufacturer: Trust modification Supplier: Anhoch Computers [15]Price: EUR 69

Figure 26 : UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)

Features:- Reliable 950 VA UPS mains power protector for office and home usage - 2 battery protected outputs, up to 45 minutes of back up time (depending on

load) - Filter to protect telephone, fax or modem with RJ-11 connector- AVR function to compensate fluctuations in mains voltage- Normal operating voltage 170 - 280 volts, lower will activate the battery

powered mode- 150 Joule spike protection- Clear optical and acoustic indicators for power source and low battery- Fast back up response time: less than 6 msec- EMI / RFI noise filtering- Product size ( H x W x D in mm): 147 x 105 x 338- Avoid damaging hardware, extra work and save your important data when mains

power is down - In total 3 surge protected outputs for PC, monitor and other important

peripherals

Smoke Detectors

Manufacturer: DSCSupplier: NIC [16]Price: 15-25$

Figure 27 : Smoke Detector

Photoelectric Smoke Detectors:

Description:DCS is committed to reduce false alarms and has therefore integrated features like drift compensation. This feature provides a constant level of sensitivity performance for


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008extended operation, by automatically compensating to maintain the detector’s original factory-set sensitivity as dust accumulates.

WS4916 Wireless Photoelectric Smoke Detector

Features:- Low profile design- Automatic drift compensation- High/Low sensitivity reporting- Built-in, dual-sensor heat detector- 135 °F (57 °C)- Easy-maintenance removable chamber- Local test button- Built-in 85 dB horn- Non-contact sensitivity testing with FSD-100 test-meter- UL listed 268 / ULC listed S531 for residential applications

FSA-210 Wired Photoelectric Smoke Detector

Features:- 2-WIRE SMOKE DETECTOR Automatic drift compensation- Built-in, dual-sensor heat detector(option)- Built-in 85 dB horn (option)- Easy-maintenance removable chamber- Interconnectable using PRM-2W polarity reversal module- Non-contact sensitivity testing with FSD-100 handheld test meter- Low-profile design- Local test button- Compatible with all DSC control panels- UL/ULC/CSFM/MEA listed for commercial and residential applications

FSA-410 Wired Photoelectric Smoke Detector

Features:- 4-WIRE SMOKE DETECTOR Automatic drift compensation- Built-in, dual-sensor heat detector (option)- Built-in 85 dB horn (option)- Easy-maintenance removable chamber- Interconnectable using PRM-4W polarity reversal module- Non-contact sensitivity testing with new FSD-100 handheld test meter- Low-profile design- Local test button- Compatible with all DSC control panels- UL/ULC/CSFM/MEA listed for commercial and residential applications

FSB-210 Series Addressable Photoelectric Smoke Detectors

FSB-210B (Without Heat Sensor) FSB-210BT (With Heat Sensor)

Features:- Automatic drift- Compensation- Easy-maintenance removable smoke chamber- Non-contact sensitivity reading with handheld test meter (FSD-100) Self

diagnostics- UL listed


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008Dialling device

Type: SINTEL 7Supplier: Proalarm [17]

Figure 28 : SINTEL 7 dialling device

Features: - Automatic telephone dialling device with one voice or SMS message- 8 alarm inputs- 8 SMS messages; 160 characters each- 8 telephone numbers; 32 characters each- 64 events in memory- Programmable periodic test from 15 min up to 2 weeks

Technical features:- 12 Vdc; 25 mA- Product size ( H x W x D in mm): 80 x 11 x 29

Cameras

Type: CMOS Camera, 1300 x 1040Manufacturer: ToshibaSupplier: Sparkfun Electronics [18]Price: $ 9.95 (10-99, 10% off)

Figure 29 : CMOS Camera, TCM8240MD

Description:The TCM8240MD is a high quality, very small 1.3 mega-pixel colour camera from Toshiba with the standard data+I2C interface. The nice thing is that we have a complete datasheet on this camera along with a good supplier. This camera is also unique in that it offers on-board JPEG compression.

Features:- Small size- 2.8V supply - Up to 15fps- 1300x1040 pixel resolution- Built in Colour Filter- 1/3.3 inch optical format- Auto luminance control (ALC)- Auto white balance (AWB)

Type: CMOS Camera Module, 640 x 480Manufacturer: ToshibaSupplier: Sparkfun Electronics [18]


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008Price: $ 31.95 (10-99, 10% off)

Figure 30 : CMOS Camera Module

Description:This is a high-quality color CMOS camera module. Power the CM-26N module, hook up any display, monitor, or LCD screen with an RCA input and get vivid colour video at 640x480 resolution. Module is easily mountable and has a wide operating voltage (5V to 15V). Comes with high quality optics, all the on board circuitry to output RCA signal, and cable harness.

Features:- 5V to 15V input- 150mA (at 12V)- Switchable NTSC and PAL output using a jumper

Type: DeLux DLV-B01Supplier: SET COMPUTERI [19]Price: EUR 10

Figure 31 : DeLux DLV-B01

Features:- 350K pixels webcam- USB- Silver/black- With special video function

Type: Minitone wireless x 4 Supplier: Zikol [20]Price: EUR 310

Figure 32 : Minitone wireless

Description:


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008CCTV Mini CMOS Colour Camera. It has 2.4G locked frequency transmitter and receiver and open transmission distance of 150m. The receiver adopts the infrared remote control.

Features:- Receiving frequency: 1 CH – 1080MHz; 2 CH – 1120MHz; 3 CH – 1160MHZ; 4

CH – 1200MHZ- Frequency control: PLL- Sensitivity: -85dB- Video output: 75Ω/ 1Vp-p19200.00- Audio output: 10KΩ/500mVp-p- AV system: PAL/NTSC/SECAM

Analogue temperature sensor

Type: Phidget Temperature sensor Supplier: HVW Technologies [21]Price: $ 6.9510 + Units for $ 6.26 each25 + Units for $ 6.05 each

Figure 33 : Phidget Temperature sensor

Description:The Phidget Temperature sensor has a wide range (-40°C to +125°C) that makes it perfect for monitoring ambient temperature. Because the output of the sensor is an analog voltage, it can be connected to any microcontroller with ADC capabilities

Features:- Interface : Analog (requires 2 analog channels)- Switch Length: 60mm- Board Dimensions: 3.0 x 2.8 cm- Mounting Holes: 2.3 x 2.0 cm

Different analog temperature sensors cost up from EUR 0.6 and can be supplied from different manufacturers in Macedonia.

Monitor

Type: AL1916WAs WIDE AcerSupplier: Anhoch Computers [15]Price: € 160

Figure 34 : AL1916Was WIDE Acer monitor



Features:- 19’’, LCD Monitor- 5 ms

Server

Ordinary PC or a low power server [22]Price: ~ EUR 500 - 600

Figure 35 : Micro-Server

Description:The Micro-Server line of compact server appliances is built around a powerful embedded, fanless computer system in a rugged extruded aluminium chassis. With a minimum of parts and a low power requirement, reliability is enhanced. A Micro-Server is perfect for the SOHO or research, development and test environment. The server be easily configured to be a dns or dns cache server, web server, nfs server, ftp server, database server, mail server, etc.

Features:- Micro-Servers come in two CPU / RAM configurations (256 Mb and 512 Mb)- The basic system is based on the 800 MHz, and the enhanced one on 1.2 GHz- 6.7" W x 4.9" D x 2.3" H (mm)- One or two 10/100 MHz NICs, a COM port (on the single NIC model only), LPT

(parallel) port, 2 USB ports, keyboard and mouse ports and VGA display and audio

- One or two Ethernet network connections and choice of 40 GB to 160 GB disk drives

Alarm

Supplier: Wizard Computers [23]Price:

- 110 dB, EUR 8- 111 dB, EUR 17

Figure 36 : Alarm

Relay

Type: MBCNM reversing contactorSupplier: Rade Koncar [24]



Figure 37 : MBCNM reversing contractor

Control voltage: 220 V, 50 Hz

GSM/GPRS Module

Type: GM862 Cellular Quad Band Module [18] Price: $ 145.95

Figure 38 : GM862 Cellular Quad Band Module

Description:The GM862 module is controlled via AT commands, which means that with sending a string of serial characters such as "ATD 3035551234" the module will place a call. Once the module has connected to another module or modem, a serial connection is made and data can be transferred as simply as passing and receiving serial strings through the module.

Features:- GSM Quad Band - On Board SIM Holder - GPRS Class 10 - Embedded TCP/IP Stack - PYTHON Script Interpreter - Embedded FTP and SMTP Client - 17mA average stand-by, 3.5mA in low-power mode - 250mA average operating current - Data, Voice, SMS, and Fax - Data speeds up to 57.6kbps - Supply voltage : 3.4-4.2V - MMCX Antenna Connector - Extensive datasheets and forum support - Dimensions: 1.75 x 1.75 x 0.275"

Type: GM862 Evaluation board – RS232Price: $ 74.95

Figure 39 : GM862 Evaluation board – RS232

Description:The GM862 RS232 EVK V3 is a standard serial based 50-pin breakout board with external power. This allows connections to the audio, digital, and camera interfaces on the GM862 module. The GM862 RS232 EVK V3 attaches to any RS232 system. Power up the board, turn on the module, and you can start sending and receiving AT


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008commands via HyperTerminal. No messy 3.8V regulation. No tricky 3.3V to RS232 level converter.

Features:- Communication via RS232 up to 115kbps- Powered by external adapter. 5.5mm barrel, center positive, >5VDC 200mA or

greater- The board comes fully assembled with 50 pin Molex connector part, 3.8V power

regulation circuitry, and supporting circuitry- Dimensions: 3.9’’ x 3’’

Specification of the RFID equipment

This part of the Appendix presents RFID equipment from three different manufacturers.

Active Wave

The ActiveWave Reader is the heart of the system. It has three basic modes of operation - program, monitor, and call. When in programming mode, the Reader configures other devices in the ActiveWave system, including tags. When in monitoring mode, the Reader listens to all tag activity and relays this information back to the Host in real-time. The Reader also monitors its inputs for any change in status. When in call mode, the Reader wakes up specific tags, specific groups of tags, or all tags within range [25]. The Field Generator is used to wake-up tags periodically or when activated by a motion detector - both options configurable by the user. When the motion detector is used, it signals the Field Generator to wake up tags whenever movement is detected. The Field Generator can be configured to call a specific tag, specific group of tags, or all tags whenever it activates. The RF range of the Field Generator is also configurable based on the user's requirements.

Tags: The tags, depending on their dimension and design, can be used as badge holder identifications in a secure, access-controlled environment; for inventory control and asset tracking applications; tracking patients in a nursing home, or even locate firemen in a smoke-filled building (Figure 40). The tags have user memory of up to 256 Kbps and dual frequency of operation, 433 MHz for receiving and 916 MHz, 927 MHz or 868 MHz for transmitting. Read range is from 30m up to 85m for Card Tag for receiving; and from 45m up to 152m for transmitting.

(1) Card Tag (2) Compact Tag (3) Jumbo Tag

(4) Wristband Tag (5) Mini tag

Figure 40: Active Wave tags


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008Table 2 presents tags’ main features.

Table 2: Active Wave tags’ features

Readers:The ActiveWave Standard Reader interfaces the Host computer to the RF side of the ActiveWave RFID system. It receives all RFID data transmitted by a tag, deciphers this data and sends the information in real-time to the Host. Depending on the application, the Host can use this information to control access to restricted areas, track assets through a facility, or update inventory counts in a warehouse. Two input contacts and two output relays on the Standard Reader allow the user greater control over the entire system. Host communication can be through RS232, Ethernet or WLAN. Other three types of readers are PCMCA, Compact Flash-Card and Handheld Reader.

Figure 41: Active Wave Standard Reader (1) and Field generator (2)

The main features of the reader and of the field generator are presented in the Table 3.

Table 3: Features of the Standard Reader and Field Generator


User Memory 0-256 Kbps

Multi-Tag Read capability yes

Transmit Frequency 916 MHz, 927 MHz or 868 MHz

Receive Frequency 433 MHz

Read range

(1)Receive 85m

Transmit 152m

(2)Receive 30m

Transmit 45m

(3,4,5)

Receive 30m

Transmit 85m

Dimensions

(1) 85.0mm x 54.3 mm x 5.6 mm weight: 23 grams

(2) 59.9mm x 30.5 mm x 10.2mm weight: 14 grams

(3) 85.2 mm x 54.5 mm x 8.5 mm weight: 14 grams

(4)withoutwristband

34 mm x 32 mm x 12 mm

wristband 279 mm x 15.5 mm x 0.43 mm

(5) 34 mm x 32 mm x 12 mm weight: 11 grams

Tag options

Tamper Alarms if tag removed

LED Blinks when called

Buzzer Beeps when called


Other readers:

PC-Card Reader (1) connects directly to a Host computer's PCMCIA port to monitor and control the RF side of the system. The Host can be a PDA, laptop, or even Tablet PC.Compact Flash - Card Reader (2) connects directly to a Host computer's Compact Flash port to monitor and control the RF side of the system. The Host can be a PDA, laptop, Tablet PC, or even a desktop PC.Handheld Reader (3) is a small, lightweight Reader used to find tagged items quickly and conveniently.

Figure 42: Active Wave Readers: PC-Card Reader (1), Compact Flash – Card Reader (2) and Handheld Reader (3)

Advantages:- Wide choice of tags (available in different sizes) and readers - Support - in a way of demonstration of products, installation and final

maintenance- Energy saving with Motion Detector and Field Generator - ActiveWave RFID Reader Software has an easy to use interface for customized

applications. The user can interface our RFID reader software through an API or physical layer protocol.


Functionality (1) Reads and writes RFID tags

(2) Wakes up tags

Range (1,2) 30m to tag

(1) 85m from tag

Host Communications

(1,2) RS232 9600 - 115200 Baud

(1) Ethernet 10/100 Mbps

(1) WLAN (optional)

2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz

Power 12Vdc, 1.5A

Dimensions

(1)

without antennas

150 mm x 85 mm x 27 mm

with antennas 150 mm x 85 mm x 167 mm

(2)without antennas

67 mm x 108 mm x 28 mm

with antennas 67 mm x 108 mm x 159 mm

Weight(1) 680 grams (2) 128 grams

Connectors (1)

Power (1,2) 12Vdc, 1.5A

Ethernet RJ-45 female to Host

Motion detector RJ-11 male

Host Comm.Same RJ-11 male to Host (DB9 female to Host optional)

Input Two contact sense inputs

Output Two isolated dry contact relay outputs


- The host software is a standard Windows application that runs under Windows ME, Windows 2000, or Windows XP

Disadvantages:- The price- Lack of sensors support- Frequency of 433 MHz

Active Rider & Tag – Demo Kit:Price: $ 5950 (EUR 4532.64)

Figure 43: Active Wave Demo Kit

The kit contains:Hardware:

- 1 Standard Reader- 1 Standard Field Generator- 1 Motion Detector- 3 cardTags, 2 compactTags, 2 jumboTags, 2 wristbandTags- 2 power supplies (Reader and Field Generator)- 1 RS-232 cable- 1 Field Generator programming cable

Software: - 1 Programming Station software application- 1 Tracker software application (demo version)- 1 API (Application Programming Interface) software library & example application

Tag Sense

Tag Sense offers 3 kinds of RFID tags: ZT 10, ZT 50 and ZT 100 and 3 kinds of readers: ZR USB, ZR HUB and ZR PCMCA. Industry standard they support is IEEE 802.15.4 and operating frequency range is from 2.4 to 2.483 GHz, DSS spread spectrum [26].

Tags: The tags have long battery life, re-writable user memory (256 bytes) and are fully configurable via user commands. They support analog and digital sensor inputs with 10 bit sensor precision. The ZT-10 is an active tag that communicates via the industry standard protocol IEEE 802.15.4. This tag can be easily mounted on a variety of assets and used for tracking or monitoring of sensors. The operating frequency of 2.45 GHz enabled this tag to have a small size antenna and long range (>70m). The contact switch input on the ZT-10 can be used from waking up the tag from sleep, with magnetic reed switch or with a vibration sensor. The larger ZT-100 tag contains a larger battery for extended device life and its transmission distance at full power is more than 80m (open air). The tags are presented in Figure 44 and their features in Table 4.



Figure 44: Tag Sense ZT-10 (1) and ZT-100 (2) tags

Table 4: Tag Sense tags’ features

Readers: Readers are available in both PCMCA and USB form factors for PDA and PC’s. The ZR-USB and ZR-PCMCA are active tag readers that communicate via the industry standard protocol IEEE 802.15.4, while ZR-HUB is WiFi enabled tag reader which support IEEE 802.11 and 802.15.4 protocol. They support bi-directional reader-tag communication and a single reader can support up to 50 tags at a time. The readers are bundled with standard TCP/IP connectivity software to transport tag data to enterprise application. Their free space read range is from 40 up to 80 meters.

Figure 45: Tag Sense Readers: ZR-USB (1), ZR-HUB (2) and ZR-PCMCA (3)

Advantages:- Sensor inputs - Does not interfere with WLAN (WiFi) Networks- Wide range of coverage


Frequency 2.400 – 2.483 GHz

Data rate 250 Kbps (max)

Operating Voltage 2 – 5 V

Sensor support(1)

8 analog + 1 digital sensor input(2

)1 analog + 1 digital sensor input

Sensor precision 10-bit

Dimensions(1)

1.25 x 1.25 x 0.25 in.

(2)

2.50 x 3.50 x 1.25 in.

Transmission distance(1)

> 70 m at full power

(2)

> 80 m at full power

Battery

(1)

Battery type CR2032

Capacity 220 mAh

Battery life 12-15 months

(2)

Battery type 2 X AA

Capacity 2800 mAh

Battery life 8-10 years


- Low cost solution - Supported software languages: Visual C++, Visual Basic, JAVA, PERL. - Supported OS: Windows PC (all), Pocket PC 2002, Linux- Web server applications (JAVA/PERL CGI) , downloadable files

2.4 GHz advantages over 433 MHz:- 8 X smaller antennas than 433 MHz- 2.4 GHz propagates better indoors and through narrow openings because the

wavelength is smaller- 2.4 GHz radio chips have more advanced protocols and better radio performance

(IEEE 802.15.4)-

Disadvantages:- Small choice of tags and readers - ZT-10 active tag isn’t placed in casing

Active RFID kit: Price: $ 1499

Figure 46: Tags Sense kit

Enterprise RFID kit contains: - ZR-HUB Network Reader - Integrated Wi-Fi and Ethernet- Two 5 dBi antennas included- 5 Active Tags (ZT-10); ZT-100 tags can be substituted upon request - Software CD-ROM- Ethernet Crossover Cable

SecuriCode

All SecuriCode solutions are active for accurate identification and location of people and products in real time at up to 10metres indoors (extended range outdoors) and operate in the 2.4GHz band. Intelligent Nodes (Readers) and Tags are low cost, feature-rich, small and lightweight, unobtrusive and can be installed easily and used quickly [27]. Solutions are platform independent, no SDK or API is required to see and process the tag output from the nodes, and multiple use (identify, authorise, locate, alert, protect, save).

Tags:Tags are long-life, movement detected, battery monitored, encrypted, authenticated and incorporate anti-collision and automatic expiry if lost or stolen. They don’t continuously poll and can’t be monitored or cloned. Some incorporate monitored inputs, alerts and anti-tamper alarms. The most appropriate for our purpose are: Slimeline tag, Alert tag and Badgeholder tag (Figure 47), with features presented in Table 5.



Figure 47: SecuriCode tags: Slimeline tag (1), Alert tag (2), Badgeholder tag (3)

Table 5: SecuryCode tags’ features

Readers:Nodes are power (range) controllable with common software utilities; they are available in multiple connectivity options (Ethernet, WiFi, USB, Compact Flash, Serial, RS232) and some include application-driven relays for access control.

Figure 48: SecuriCode Readers: Ethernet Node (1), Access Node (2) and Mobile Reader Node (3)


Frequency 2.400 – 2.483 GHz

Power requirements 3 V @ 25 mA peak

Operating temperature(1,3)

-20C - +85C

(2) -20C - +65C


Dimensions

(1) 45mm x 24mm x 8mm weight 11g



Transmission distance 1.5 to 10m line-of-sight

Includes:

(1) Movement detection

(2)

Battery type 2 X AA

Capacity 2800 mAh



Table 6: SecuryCode readers’ features

Code Kit:Price: £2150.00

Figure 49: SecuriCode kitThe kit contains:

- 1 Access Node - Wireless - Single - 1 Mobile Reader with Node (includes Dell Axim X50)- 2 Ethernet Nodes- 10 Slimline Tags- CD with Mobile CheckPoint & PC CheckPoint- Demonstrator application, drivers and manuals- 3 Mains adaptors (UK 230/240V 50Hz)


Frequency 2.4 GHz – 2.4835 GHz

Range Guaranteed min. 10m

Power requirements External mains adaptor 5V-6V Regulated DC @ 500 mA

Input/Output

802. 11b WLAN (11 Mbps), DHCP or fixed IP

External 110mm antenna

38400 Baud TTL serial (auxiliary output & programming input)

12 pin plug (power/command input + 3 control input-output + single pole 2A 240 V AC/DC relay – application control) and cable socket

Double pole changeover relay option (no control input-output). Optional status LEDs

Dimensions

(1) 67mm x 60mm x 20mm; 40g

(2) 124mm x 67mm x 45mm ; 200 g

(3) 52mm x 43mm x 5mm; 13g


Advantages:- Does not interfere with WLAN (WiFi) Networks as SecuriCode uses unique

coding- Wide choice of tags and readers - Uses “last known location” to indicate where tag is, e.g., does not need continual

communication to find a tag - Writing an interface and application for a single reader is straightforward and

simple code (in C#, C and MFC) and can be provided with PC CheckPoint Demonstrator application

Disadvantages:- Short coverage- Does not support sensor inputs- Precise application for real time people tracking requires node in each office

Appendix 2.2 Equipment suitable for ETF’s laboratory

The suitable hardware resources for realization of the personal health monitoring system usage scenarios, suitable for ETF’s laboratory, are presented in the following part.

Pulse Oximetry:

Nonin® OEM III Pulse Oximetry module

Manufacturer: Nonin Medical, Inc. [28]Price: 300$ per development kit (one Oximeter sensor included)

Figure 50: Nonin OEM III Pulse Oximetry module

Description:The OEM III Module provides a simple way to incorporate exceptional pulse oximetry.OEM III provides accurate SpO2 and hart rate information through a digital serial 3-wire interface.

Features:- Low Power Draw (29 mW)- Simple Integration - Small Footprint (24mm x 34mm)- 3 Wire Interface- Serial Output- Full Range of Sensors:

o Reusable/Disposable/Flex- Specified for use in motion and low perfusion environments- Displayed Oxygen Saturation Range (SpO2) 0 to 100% - Displayed Pulse Rate Range 18 to 321 beats per minute (BPM) - I/O Signals:



o 0 to +3.3VDC (nominal) @ +3.3VDC input voltageo 0 to +5.0VDC (nominal) @ +5.0VDC input voltage

- Weight 5.3g (0.19 oz.) (with shield)

Nonin PureLight® reusable sensors

Figure 51: Nonin PureLight

Nonin has designed an array of PureLight® reusable sensors — available for patients of all sizes (adult, pediatric, & infant) and clinical presentations. The 8000 Series of reusable sensors are ideal for short-term monitoring, stress testing and spot checks — any situation where the risk of cross-contamination is low. A comfortable sensor, each is designed for a specific application and is form-fitted to decrease ambient light interference.

Body Temperature

EG0700 Module for Measurement of Body Temperature

Manufacturer: MedLab GmbH [29]

Figure 52: EG0700 Module for Measurement of Body Temperature

Description:The EG 00700 eases the task of integrating a medical temperature monitoring system into an existing or newly developed medical monitor. The module is fully compatible with all YSI 400 standard temperature probes. These probes are a de-facto standard in most hospitals and medical applications worldwide. The patient side of the module is fully isolated from the rest of the module, the system includes also the DC/DC conversion for this isolated side. The leakage currents of the board itself are low enough to meet class CF regulations of the IEC 601. The insulation withstands voltages as high as 4000Volt RMS. The inputs of the module are shielded against high voltage transients that can be present at the module during some EMC checks and while applying defibrillation pulses to the patient that are capacitive coupled to the temperature probe cable. The module has two inputs as well as a reference input that always reads as 38.8°C. This channel can be used as a functional control of the whole system.

Features:- Size: 77x44mm- Power Consumption: 50mW at 5- Galvanic Isolation "On-Board"- Two Channels



- Compatible with all YSI 400 Probes- Measuring Range: 20.1°C up to 45.0°C- Resolution: 0.1°C- Accuracy: +-0.1°C + Probe Tolerance- Transmission Speed: 0.5Hz- Reference Channel with 38.8°C Output- Compatible with YSI 400 temperature probes

YSI 400 Temperature probes

Manufacturer: Advanced Industrial Systems, Inc. [30]Price:$93 reusable 409B Attachable Surface Probe$190 box of 10 disposable 4499-10 Skin Surface Probes

Figure 53: YSI 400 temperature probeDescription:The 400 Series is to be the most widely used probe platform for medical, laboratory and industrial applications.

Features:- Temperature Range 0 to 60°C- Accuracy±0.2°C from -1 to 60°C, ±0.1°C from 25 to 45°C - Cleaning Probes should be cleaned with a mild detergent and water to remove

excess bioburden and improve the effectiveness of disinfection and sterilization.- Thermistor Type 2252 ohm B-curve thermistors (400 Series Probe Tables)- Cable and Termination 3 m vinyl cable terminated in standard 1/4" phone plug

Blood pressure monitoring

NibScan NIBP OEM Module

Manufacturer: MedLab GmbH [29]Price: EUR 398 per kit (includes a cuff)

Figure 54: NibScan NIBP

Description:


ProSense Document: D4.1(REGPOT-205494) Date: 30-08-2008NibScan is a cost-optimized and miniaturized non-invasive blood pressure monitor module for space-critical applications. The module uses the oscillometric method. That means there are no parts, as for example microphones, in the cuff.

NIBSCAN measures the systolic-, the mean- and the diastolic pressure as well as the patient's pulse rate.

A cuff of appropriate size has to be connected to the board with a hose.

Features:- Size: 80 x 60 mm, Maximum Thickness 26mm- Weight: 120g- Power Supply: 5 - 15 Volts- Power Consumption: 3W Measuring, 40mW Standby- Oszillometric Method- Redundant Safety Circuit- Pulse: 30- 200 bpm- SYS, DIA, MAP Blood Pressure: 50 - 250mmHg- Serial Interface

Equipment for Common Health Gateway

The Common Health Gateway, being primarily a software project, doesn’t require any equipment other than what will already be available through the remaining ETF’s usage scenarios. In order to achieve compatibility of the Common Health Gateway with different WSN platforms, three typical nodes per specific platform (three SUN SPOTs, three MICAz, three Bluetooth enabled motes) will be needed.

Equipment for Health Hazard Monitoring

The equipment for Health Hazard Monitoring projects is listed below.

AC-USB adapter

Supplier: EMTC Company [31]

Figure 55: AC/USB adapter

Bluetooth modems

Manufacturer: Spark Fun Electronics [18]



The Bluetooth modems must be used in use-case #1 (ISS) in order to enable communication between SPOTs and Bluetooth enabled cell phones.

Figure 56: Bluetooth modem BlueSMiRF RP-SMA

Description: The BlueSMiRF RPSMA is the latest Bluetooth wireless serial cable replacement from Spark Fun Electronics. These modems work as a serial (RX/TX) pipe. Pressing the 'A' character from a terminal program on the computer and an 'A' will push out the TX pin of the Bluetooth module. Any serial stream from 9600 to 115200bps can be passed seamlessly from the computer to the specified target, from modem to module, even to any Bluetooth device that supports SPP (almost all do). The module was tested successfully over open air at 350ft (106m).

The remote unit can be powered from 3.3V up to 6V for easy battery attachment. All signal pins on the remote unit are 3V-6V tolerant. No level shifting is required. For attaching this device to a computer, an RS232 to TTL converter circuit is needed.

BlueSMiRF includes hardware flow control (CTS and RTS) and uses a compact ceramic antenna. BlueSMiRF-RPSMA includes hardware flow control and a reverse polarized end-launch SMA connector that mates with RP-SMA terminated 2.4GHz antennas for even longer range.The module is completely suitable and legal for all home, hobby, and research applications.Unit comes without a connector.

Features:

- Class 1 Bluetooth Radio Modem- Fully qualified Bluetooth module- Fully configurable UART- Low power consumption : 25mA avg- Hardy frequency hopping scheme - operates in harsh RF environments like WiFi,

802.11g, and Zigbee- Compatible with all Bluetooth products that support SPP (almost all do)- Includes support for BCSP, DUN, LAN, GAP SDP, RFCOMM, and L2CAP

protocols- Operating Voltage: 3.3V-6V - Serial communications: 2400-115200bps- Operating Temperature: -40 ~ +70C - RP-SMA Connector for all 2.4GHz antennas (RP common on routers and 2.4GHz

devices)

Dimensions: 0.15x0.6x1.9"

Sensors



Supplier: HWV Technologies [21]

Figure 57: Phidget temperature sensor

Description:The Phidget Temperature sensor has a wide range (-40°C to +125°C) that makes it perfect for monitoring ambient temperature. Because the output of the sensor is an analog voltage, it can be connected to any microcontroller with A/D capabilities

Features:

- Interface: Analog (requires 2 analog channels)- Switch Length: 60mm- Board Dimensions: 3.0 x 2.8 cm- Mounting Holes: 2.3 x 2.0 cm

Manufacturer: Precon, A Division of Kele [32]

Figure 58: Precon humidity sensor

Description:The innovative HS-2000V Humidity Sensor combines capacitive-polymer sensing technology with a novel measurement method, eliminating the need for temperature correction and calibration by the user. The sensor, which is calibrated at Precon before shipment, includes a thermistor and circuitry to correct for temperature and calculate the true relative humidity. The sensor provides both humidity and temperature outputs and is accurate to + 2%.

Features:



- RH & Temperature Outputs- Temperature Compensated- Factory Calibrated- Accurate to + 2%- Field Replaceable- Good Stability- Excellent Chemical Resistance- Analog Voltage Output- Low Cost

Supplier: KWJ Engineering Inc. [33]

Figure 59: CO sensor

Description:2-electrode electrochemical sensor for CO, range 0-600ppm.

Enabled by nanotechnology and a new unique approach in sensor design, the ultra low power TTI T-series sensor with its tiny ½ inch square footprint and less than ¼ inch high profile provides powerful sensor specifications in a small package. Carbon Monoxide sensors have small size and low cost but boast industry standard setting premium performance specifications and are the longest lifetime sensors in the industry.

Equipment for Remote Pulse Monitoring

For sampling human heart pulse, and measuring its amplitude and frequency, Motorola/Freescale Semiconductor’s MPXC2011DT1/ MPXC2012DT1 low pressure sensor could be used [34].

Figure 60: MPXC2011DT1/ MPXC2012DT1 low pressure sensor

Freescale Semiconductor’s MPXC2011DT1 low pressure sensor characteristics:- Low pressure range - 0 to 10 kPa- Integrated temperature compensation and calibration



- Ratiometric to supply voltage- Biomedically approved materials – it can be sterilized using ethylene oxide

What the RPM usage scenario is trying to accomplish has already been realised with the mEKG telemedicine project, developed by Dr. Vlado Delic and Dr. Srdjan Krco, of the FTN (School of Technical Science), University of Novi Sad, Serbia. In the mEKG project, bio-data are collected through a small wearable microcontroller-based device and relayed using the patient’s mobile phone to a remote medical supervisor. The data acquistion is initiated by the patient’s mobile phone and then transmitted using GPRS. The mEKG experience should benefit the Remote Pulse Monitoring project, as is trying to achieve the same goal using a sensor network.

Appendix :3 Specification of necessary software

FEEIT’s and ETF’s applications will either use open-source software, or the software will be custom written by those employed on the project and volunteers, using only open-source tools. Therefore, in terms of equipment purchases, there should be no impact on the budget.


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