Contents · 2020. 5. 20. · FERWAG®- District heating pipe System description FER 7.105 26.8.2003...
Transcript of Contents · 2020. 5. 20. · FERWAG®- District heating pipe System description FER 7.105 26.8.2003...
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FER
7.0
15.10.2003
Contents
7.0 Contents
7.1 System description
7.100 System description (general)7.105 System description (data)
7.2 Engineering
7.200 Laying Engineering, Contents
7.3 Components
7.300 FERWAG - District heating pipe, heating and sanitaryConstruction, Dimensions, Material, Weight and Delivery lengths
7.305 Elbow, short-legged7.310 Elbow, 1.0 x 2.0 m7.312 T-pieces, branch-off, Insulation thickness 17.313 T-pieces, branch-off, Insulation thickness 27.314 T-pieces, branch-off, Insulation thickness 37.316 Parallel T-pieces with steel pipe, Insulation thickness 17.317 Parallel T-pieces with steel pipe, Insulation thickness 27.318 Parallel T-pieces with steel pipe, Insulation thickness 37.320 Anchors7.325 Preinsulated valves for underground laying, description, installation7.330 Shut-off valve, ball valve7.335 Fitting for shut-off valve, ball valve 7.340 Pipe joints connection, shrink-on sleeve SMPE-2D7.345 Pipe joints connection, end sockets, shrink-on seal7.351 Pipe joints connection, EWELCON-Fusion Welded Joint, System description7.352 Pipe joints connection, EWELCON-Fusion Welded Joint, Technical specifications7.355 Wall sealing ring, Trench warning tape7.360 Wall duct (Doyma - for civil defence structures)
7.4 Transport and storage
7.400 Transport and storage
7.5 Data for excavation, Installation
7.500 Civil engineering works, laying pipes (trench profile)7.501 Civil engineering works, laying pipes7.502 Filling the pipe trenches7.505 House connection (wall penetration, core drilled holes)7.510 Assembly rules7.515 Concrete block for an anchor7.520 Draining and venting arrangements7.525 Underground installation for ballvalves7.530 Hot tapping, system description7.531 Hot tapping, dimensions and measurements7.532 Hot tapping, preparation weld seam and weld composition
7.6 Tendering text
FERWAG -District heating pipe®
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FERWAG -District heating pipe FER
7.100
15.10.2003
System description
FERWAG district heating pipe is the registe-red name for a pre-insulated plastic casingpipe system used to transport district heat.The pipe system is designed to be laid directlyin the earth, without ducts. It has proven itsexcellence over several decades and isnowadays acknowledged as the industrialstandard in normal cases.
Depending on the purpose for which it isused, FERWAG district heating pipe has acarrier pipe made either of steel (welded,seamless or galvanised), copper or specialsteel. This means that FERWAG districtheating pipe is suitable for transportingheating water, hot water for industrial ordomestic use, condensate and other fluids,but not for steam.
The heat insulation of the FERWAG hea-ting pipe is provided by a rigid polyurethanefoam offering resistance up to 140 ° C. Theouter protection is provided by an HDPE (highdensity polyurethane) casing pipe. All threecomponents form a fixed unit, making thispipe system a member of the composite pipefamily.
FERWAG district heating pipe is available inthree categories of insulation thickness.Depending on the dimensions, the pipeconstruction units can be supplied in lengthsof 6 + 12 (or 16) m. The construction unitsand all the associated moulded fittings suchas elbows or bends, T-pieces, fixed points oranchors and so on, are prefabricated in thefactory. This results in a modular kit systemwhich is correspondingly simple to plan andassemble.
All the components are connected on site,using circumferential seams. The weld seamsand the end sockets are subsequentlyinsulated with joint sleeves. Subsequentinsulation work is usually carried out on ourbehalf by the system supplier or by qualifiedspecialist companies. During the planningphase, we will assist system users on requestby placing our experience with the system attheir disposal free of charge, as part of ourservice.
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FERWAG®- District heating pipe
System description
FER
7.105
26.8.2003
Materials supplied
FERWAG® district heating pipe system for con-stant medium temperatures up to a maximumof 140 °C, comprising:
• FERWAG® district heating pipes• FERWAG® moulded fittings (elbows, T-
pieces, fixed points, HDPE sleeves, etc.)• FERWAG® accessories (MDR, pipe under-
lay, line warning tape, etc.).
Conception / structureHeating
Straight pipes (bar stock)
Longitudinal seam-welded or spiral seam-welded steel pipes
Material St 37.0 to DIN 17120Standard: DIN 2458/1626; EN 253Acceptance test certificate: DIN 50.049-3.1 BWelding bevel: Ø ≥114.3, DIN 2559-22
Pipes for T-pieces and fixedpoints
T-pieces and fixed points with the same wallthicknesses as the pipes; end sockets of com-pensators and fittings with the same wall thick-nesses as the welded pipes; material matchesthe straight welded pipes.
Steel pipe elbows for mouldedelbow fittings
DN 20-125
Cold-bent (seamless or welded) steel pipes
Material St 37.0Standard: DIN 2448/1629; EN 448,
DIN 2458/1626Dimensions: Same as straight pipesFactory certificate: DIN 50.049-2.2 orAcceptance test DIN 50.049-3.1 B
DN 150 (80)-500
Longitudinal seam-welded elbows withlongitudinal or spiral seam-welded steel pipeend sockets.
Material St 37.0Standard: DIN 2605, DIN 2458/1626;EN 448Dimensions: Same as straight pipesFactory certificate: DIN 50.049-2.2 orAcceptance test certificate: DIN 50.049-3.1 B
End sockets: 150-200 mm
Technical data: Same as for straight pipes.
Sanitary
Pipes and moulded fittings
Threaded pipes: DIN 2440, longitudinally wel-ded, galvanised to DIN 2444
Thread: DIN 2999 Part 1; over 2 1/2” -ends without thread.
Medium pipes made of other materials areavailable on request.
Casing pipe
Material HDPE, Hoechst, GM 5010 T2 orUnifos NCPE 3316
Standard: EN 253Factory certificate:DIN 50.049-2.2
External diameter90
110125140160180200225250280315355400450500560630710800
Dimensions of HDPE casing pipesInternal diameter
85,6104,0118,8133,0152,0172,0192,0216,2240,2269,0302,6341,0384,4432,4480,4538,0605,2682,0768,6
Minimum wall thickness2,22,52,53,03,03,03,23,53,94,44,95,66,37,07,88,89,8
11,112,5
Heat insulation (EN 253)
Polyurethane foam (pentane blown)Polyurethane foam manufactured from 3components:polyol, isocyanate and pentaneMixing and metering takes place in high-pressure systems.
Core pipe density: Min. 60 kg/m3Closed cell percentage: ≥ 96%Thermal conductivity coefficient: ≤ 0.0260W/mK for an average temperature of theinsulating layer of 50°C
Joint sleeve / subsequent insulation
Standard: EN 489• carried out by trained installation staff• foaming and sealing of the sleeve joints
with polyurethane foam• sealed with heat shrinkable seal and
electric-welded sleeve• connection of leak monitoring leads• installation of expansion pads consisting
of an elastic ageing-resistant foamedmaterial.
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FER
7.200
15.10.2003
Laying EngineeringContents
7.20 Principles, theory7.201 Layout of the line 7.202 Laying length, Lmax7.203 Natural fixed point (maximum laying length)
7.21 Tables: max. covering, Lmax., thermal prestressing
7.210 Maximum permissible covering height 7.211 Lmax, laying without prestressing, insulation thickness 17.212 Lmax, laying without prestressing, insulation thickness 2 and 37.214 Thermal prestressing (description)7.215 Laying with thermal prestressing, DN 20-300, insulation thickness 17.216 Laying with thermal prestressing, DN 20-300, insulation thickness 2 7.217 Laying with thermal prestressing, DN 350-500, insulation thickness 1 and 27.218 Laying with thermal prestressing, DN 20-200, insulation thickness 3
7.22 Expansion calculation7.220 Restricted expansion7.221 Restricted expansion up tp 90 ° C, DN 20-125, insulation thickness 27.222 Restricted expansion up tp 90 ° C, DN 20-125, insulation thickness 37.223 Restricted expansion
7.23 Design of expansion elements7.230 L-elbow, Z-elbow, U-elbow - sheet 17.231 Elbow < 90° (bend in the line) - sheet 27.232 Location of expansion pads
7.24 Dimensioning, heat loss7.240 Pressure losses7.241 Heat loss, insulation thickness 17.242 Heat loss, insulation thickness 27.243 Heat loss, insulation thickness 3
7.25 Laying direction7.250 Laying direction, sheet 1 7.251 Laying direction, sheet 27.252 Laying direction, pipe elbows, min. bending radius, small bends, sheet 3 7.253 Laying direction, changes of direction at 40-50° and 40-50° , sheet 47.254 Connecting instruction, transition flexible pipe to plastic sheath pipe
FERWAG -District heating pipe®
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FER
7.201
15.10.2003
a b
a a
aa
a
b
b
b
b
b
3 m
FP L
Layout of the line for FERWAG district heating pipes is not subject to any special requirements. Withrespect to the pipe, it should fundamentally be selected with consideration to possible expansion. Forthis purpose, changes of direction in the normal layout of the line using L elbows are an initialoption. In addition there are Z elbows and U elbows, which are capable of taking up the expansionarising at precisely defined points.
The angle sizes of the "expansion elbows" should not exceed 90 ° , since otherwise considerablylonger expansion legs are needed. If possible a right angled line course should always be aimed for.
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Layout of the line
Fig. 1 Straight line layout between two buildings. The expansion of the district heating pipes must be taken up in building A or B by pipe legs or similar.
Fig. 2 Angled line layout, expansion taken up by natural change of direction in L elbow and building a.
Fig. 3 Straight line layout between two buildings with expansion taken up within the line by Z elbows.
Fig. 4 Straight line layout between two buildings with expansion taken up within the line by U elbows.
Fig. 6 Straight line layout, expansion taken up within the line by U elbows.
Fig. 5 Angled line layout between two buildings. Expansion taken up within the line by Z elbows.
If no expansions are provided in the houses, then anchor must be fitted in the building wall or approx. 3 m before it.
Building
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FER
7.202
15.10.2003
Laying length, Lmax
H
FP FP
FP
FP
LmaxLmaxLmax
LmaxLmax
Lmax
ALmax =Fr'•
[m]
Fr'= µ[G + D(2H + Kd (H +D/2)( –2))]
= 190 N/mm = 0.5 = 19 kN/mKd = 0,463G [N/m]D [m]H [m]A [mm ]
µ2
3
2
Components to compensate the temperaturerelated length-differences can almost berejected.
In order to avoid destruction of the carrier pipeduring normal laying (without thermalprestressing), the friction force may only riseup to the maximum permissible force ofpressure on the carrier pipe. The districtheating pipe laid underground therefore mustnot be fixed, it must slide within the earth. Theexpansion occurring must be taken up in anexpansion elbow. The length of the slidingarea is identified for the remote heating linewith the term "laying length - Lmax".
The laying length indicates at what distancefrom a fixed point the first expansion capabilitymust be created. The friction forces add upwithin this laying length up to a value which isstill below the maximum permissiblepressure force of the inner pipe.
The FERWAG district heating pipe is a pipesystem in which the carrier pipe, heat insulationand sleeve pipe form a composite whole. As aresult, the expansion occurring in the carrier pipeis transferred to the polyurethane foam and tothe HDPE sleeve pipe. The polyurethane foamand the sleeve pipe thus expand to the samedegree as the steel pipe.
Expansion of the district heating pipe is howeverrestricted to a certain extent in the sand bed byfriction between the sand and the sleeve pipe.The friction force may become so great in acorresponding pipe length, that the districtheating pipe is "fixed" in the earth andexpansion is completely prevented. The force ofpressures in the carrier pipe, which arecounteracting the external friction forces, thenbecome so great that impermissibly high stressescan occur in the carrier pipe.In the case of long pipes with an adhesion area,another possible way of reducing the amount ofmaximum tension is by thermal prestressing ofthe pipe.
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Maximum permissible laying length between expansion legs, Lmax
L elbow
Z elbow
U elbow
Maximum permissible laying length, Lmax:
Friction force, Fr' [N/m]
permissible stress (after creasing)friction factor, ground / PE specific gravity of ground pressure coefficient at rest weight of steel pipe + water sleeve pipe external diameter covering height steel pipe profile
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FER
7.203
15.10.2003
NFP
NFP
NFP
NFP
NFP NFP NFP
Lmax
2 LmaxLmax Lmax
LmaxLmax 2 Lmax
Lmax
NFP Fr'1 Fr'2H1
H2
LL2L1
L2 = L
12 (
2+1) – 1
– 1
Fr'2
Fr'1 =
L1 = L – L2
In the case of unequal covering height, the NFPis displaced. When calculating the maximumlaying length Lmax and the expansion l, thismust be taken into account. In the case ofdoubt, a fixed point should be set.
( > 1 )
A natural fixed point NFP is located, as a result ofthe friction forces at the same covering heightbetween the sand and the PE sleeve pipe, in thecentre of a line section, between two possibleexpansion points.
Natural fixed point, L elbow
Natural fixed point, Z elbow
Natural fixed point, U elbow
"Natural fixed point" at changing covering height H1, H2 = Covering height
Natural fixed point Maximum laying length
FERWAG -District heating pipe®
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FER
7.210
15.10.2003
Where no shear stresses occur, i.e. there areno relative movements between the earth andthe pipe, e.g. in an adhesion area or in thearea between two fixed point structures ofprestressed pipelines, there is nocorresponding restriction in laying depth.
=
20 25 32 40 50 65 80100125150200250300350400450500
90 90110110125140160200225250315400450500560630710
110110125125140160180225250280355450500560630710800
125125140140160180200250280315400
26,9 33,7 42,4 48,3 60,3 76,1 88,9114,3139,7168,3219,1273,0323,9355,6406,4457,2508,0
DN Hmax [m] Hmax [m] Hmax [m]d D D D
1.51.91.92.22.42.72.82.93.13.43.53.43.63.53.63.63.6
1.21.51.71.92.12.42.52.52.83.03.13.03.23.13.23.23.2
1.01.31.51.71.92.12.22.32.52.62.8
Fr' = · [G + · D · (2 · H + Kd · (H + D/2)·( – 2))] µ
where:
= 0.5 = 19 kN/mKd = 0,463G [N/m]d [mm]D [m]H [m]
µ2
3
max = 0,04 N/mm
[N /mm ]
[N /m]
2Fr'
·d
The maximum permissible covering height (Hmax)is determined from the permissible shear stress of = 0.04 N/mm between the PU foam insulation
and the steel carrier pipe, as a function of thefriction force and the pipe size.
Maximum permissiblecovering height
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Steel pipe Insulation thickness 1 Insulation thickness 2 Insulation thickness 3
The shear stress and friction force may be calculated using the following formulae:
Shear stress:
Friction force:
permissible shear stress friction factor, ground / PE specific gravity of ground pressure coefficient at rest weight of steel pipe + water carrier pipe external diameter sleeve pipe external diameter (PE) covering height (the dimension H is measured from the pipe apex to the consolidated or compressed ground surface)
2
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FER
7.211
15.10.2003
DNH = 0,6 m H = 0,8 m H = 1,0 m H = 1,2 m
Lmaxm
Lmaxm
Lmaxm
Lmaxm
Fr'kN/m
Fr'kN/m
Fr'kN/m
Fr'kN/m
Dmm
26,9 x 2,6533,7 x 2,642,4 x 2,648,3 x 2,6
60,3 x 2,9 76,1 x 2,9 88,9 x 3,2114,3 x 3,6
139,7 x 3,6168,3 x 4,0219,1 x 4,5273,0 x 5,0323,9 x 5,6
20253240
50 65 80100
125150200250300
Lmax Lmax 0.15
H
90 90110110
125140160200
225250315400450
28353742
51586575
81 97110118136
1,31,31,61,6
1,92,12,43,1
3,53,95,16,67,6
21262832
39445057
62 74 85 91106
1,71,82,22,2
2,52,83,24,0
4,65,16,68,59,6
17212225
31354046
5060697487
2,22,22,72,7
3,03,44,05,0
5,7 6,3 8,110,411,9
14171821
26303339
4250586374
2,62,63,23,2
3,74,14,75,9
6,7 7,5 9,612,414,1
350400450500
355,6 x 5,6406,4 x 6,3457,2 x 6,3508,0 x 6,3
500560630710
133149147143
8,5 9,811,212,8
104117116113
10,912,514,216,3
85969593
13,315,217,219,7
72828179
15,717,820,323,1
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Insulation thickness 1
Steel piped x smm
Laying without prestressingMaximum permissible laying length, Lmax
Covering height, H [m] Friction force, Fr' [kN/m]Permissible stress, =185 N/mm2Friction factor ground/PE, µ = 0,5Specific gravity of ground, = 19 kN/m3
Pressure coefficient at rest, Kd = 0,463
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FER
7.212
15.10.2003
DNH = 0,6 m H = 0,8 m H = 1,0 m H = 1,2 m
Lmax m
Lmax m
Lmax m
Lmax m
Fr'kN/m
Fr'kN/m
Fr'kN/m
Fr'kN/m
Dmm
26,9 x 2,6533,7 x 2,642,4 x 2,648,3 x 2,6
60,3 x 2,9 76,1 x 2,9 88,9 x 3,2114,3 x 3,6
139,7 x 3,6168,3 x 4,0219,1 x 4,5273,0 x 5,0323,9 x 5,6
20253240
50 65 80100
125150200250300
110110125125
140160180225
250280355450500
23283237
46515867
73 86 98105123
1,61,61,81,9
2,12,42,73,5
3,94,45,77,48,4
17212428
35394451
5666758196
2,12,12,42,5
2,83,23,64,5
5,1 5,7 7,4 9,610,8
14171922
28313641
4554616678
11141619
23263034
3845525666
2,72,73,13,1
3,43,94,55,6
6,3 7,1 9,111,713,2
3,23,23,73,7
4,14,75,36,7
7,5 8,410,813,915,6
DNH = 0,6 m H = 0,8 m H = 1,0 m H = 1,2 m
Lmaxm
Lmaxm
Lmaxm
Lmaxm
Fr'kN/m
Fr'kN/m
Fr'kN/m
Fr'kN/m
Dmm
26,9 x 2,6533,7 x 2,642,4 x 2,648,3 x 2,6
60,3 x 2,9 76,1 x 2,9 88,9 x 3,2114,3 x 3,6
139,7 x 3,6168,3 x 4,0219,1 x 4,5
20253240
50 65 80100
125150200
125125140140
160180200250
280315400
20252933
40455260
657787
1,81,82,02,1
2,42,73,03,8
4,45,06,5
15192225
30344046
505967
2,42,42,72,7
3,23,64,05,0
5,76,58,4
12151720
24283237
404855
10121417
20212731
344046
3,03,03,43,4
3,94,44,96,2
7,08,0
10,3
3,63,64,14,1
4,75,35,97,4
8,49,5
12,2
Lmax Lmax 0.15
H
350400450500
355,6 x 5,6406,4 x 6,3457,2 x 6,3508,0 x 6,3
560630710800
119133130126
9,611,012,614,5
92104103100
12,214,016,018,3
76868482
14,917,019,422,2
64737270
17,620,022,826,0
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Laying without prestressingMaximum permissible laying length, Lmax
Insulation thickness 2
Steel piped x smm
Insulation thickness 3
Steel piped x smm
Covering height, H [m] Friction force, Fr' [kN/m]Permissible stress, =185 N/mm2Friction factor ground/PE, µ = 0,5Specific gravity of ground, = 19 kN/m3
Pressure coefficient at rest, Kd = 0,463
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FER
7.214
15.10.2003
Thermal prestressing
Thermal prestressingIn the case of long pipes with an adhesion area,another possible way of reducing the amount ofmaximum tension is by thermal prestressing of thepipe. In this case, the pipe which has been laid in theopen trench is heated up to the approximate meantemperature between the laying and operatingconditions; in this heated condition, it is sanded in andthen allowed to cool off again.
At ambient temperature, this means that the pipe issubject to a constant tensile stress which reduces in alinear manner when the pipe is heated; the tensilestress becomes zero at the mean (or prestressing)temperature, and it changes into a compressive stresswhen further heating takes place.
The maximum stress difference is split up into twoapproximately equal ”compressive” and ”tensile stress”components, each of an amount which is less than thepermissible maximum stress.
vmax = ± ±±± ES · t · ( T - TV) [N/mm2]At a prestressing temperature of 70 ° C, that is to saythe temperature difference Tv = 60 K, this gives amaximum value of vmax = 147 N/mm2 for St 37.0.
Furthermore, it is advantageous if the pipe stress atnormal operating temperature (80-90 ° C) isapproximately equal to zero, so that the pipe is laidvirtually stress-free for the greater part of the year.
By shifting the prestressing temperature upwardsbeyond the mean temperature, it is possible to takeaccount of the fact that the key material valuesbecome less favourable as the temperature rises.
Procedure:
a) Lay the pipe in the open pipe trench. The expansionabsorbers should already be welded on. To ensure thatthe expansion of the pipe is directed, an artificial fixedpoint can be created by filling with earth over a lengthLs.
Ls = L · Gges · µµµµ/FR'
b) Position measuring points at suitable locations.
c) Calculate the ideal length change (free expansion)using the measuring points.
d) Calculate an optimal prestressing temperature, atwhich the maximum permissible stress is exceededneither in the operating condition nor in the cooling-off condition.
e) Heat the pipe up to the specified prestressingtemperature. When doing this, it is particularlybeneficial to carry out the preheating withdisconnected recirculating water from a heatingnetwork which already exists. Apart from this, otherpossibilities are vacuum steam, hot air or electricalprestressing. Electrical prestressing is the mostadvantageous as regards the outlay.Prestressing can also be carried out section by section,since the complete line is seldom open, particularly ininner city areas.
f) Measure the real expansion and compare it with theideal values. If the expansion obtained turns out to betoo low, the pipe can be briefly overheated in order toovercome the friction on the base of the trench. Whenthe calculated expansion is attained, return to therequired prestressing temperature again.
g) Position the expansion pads and secure them sothat they cannot move.
h) Align the pipes.
I) Fill in the pipe trench and compact the earth. Whendoing this, the prestressing temperature must bemaintained, with a permissible variance of ± 5° C.
j) Cool off and withdraw the pipe. This will bend theexpansion components up and draw them into thepad, meaning that they are also prestressed and aresubject to constant tensile stress in the laid condition.
k) Measure the residual expansion after cooling hasbeen completed.
TBTV
TU
+
–
max
Vmax
Vmax
without prestressing
with prestressing
Since this maximum stress remains constant throughoutthe entire adhesion area, the prestressed section of pipecan be of any length. Moreover, the sliding area turnsout to be very small on account of the low temperaturedifferences. Given that instances of thermal expansionoccur solely in the sliding area, only slight instances ofresidual expansion take place; these should be absorbedby the expansion components. Consequently, thedimensions of these components can be substantiallyreduced in comparison with non-prestressed pipes. Inaddition, a certain number of expansion absorbers canbe saved, since there is no need to subdivide the wholepipe into maximum laying lengths.
The sliding area Lg and the residual expansion lcan be calculated as follows:
Lg = [ES · AS · t · ( T - TV) + Fp-Fel]/FR‘ [m]
L = [ t · ( T - TV) + (Fp-Fel)/Es · As] · Lg/2 [mm]
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Progression of stress over pipe temperature
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FER
7.215
15.10.2003
Steel piped x s
mm
90° °°° Tv=50 ° C ( T=40 ° C)
DN D
mm20253240
50 65 80100125150200250300
20253240
50 65 80100125150200250300
20253240
50 65 80100125150200250300
20253240
50 65 80100125150200250300
26,9 x 2,6533,7 x 2,642,4 x 2,648,3 x 2,6
60,3 x 2,9 76,1 x 2,9 88,9 x 3,2114,3 x 3,6139,7 x 3,6168,3 x 4,0219,1 x 4,5273,0 x 5,0323,9 x 5,6
Tv=60 ° C ( T=50 ° C)
Tv=65 ° C ( T=55 ° C)
Tv=70 ° C ( T=60 ° C)
100 ° °°° 110 ° °°° 120 ° °°° 130 ° °°° Tv=75 ° C ( T=65° C)
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
TB
H =
0,6
m
H =
0,8
m
H =
1,0
m
H =
1,2
m
26,9 x 2,6533,7 x 2,642,4 x 2,648,3 x 2,6
60,3 x 2,9 76,1 x 2,9 88,9 x 3,2114,3 x 3,6139,7 x 3,6168,3 x 4,0219,1 x 4,5273,0 x 5,0323,9 x 5,6
26,9 x 2,6533,7 x 2,642,4 x 2,648,3 x 2,6
60,3 x 2,9 76,1 x 2,9 88,9 x 3,2114,3 x 3,6139,7 x 3,6168,3 x 4,0219,1 x 4,5273,0 x 5,0323,9 x 5,6
26,9 x 2,6533,7 x 2,642,4 x 2,648,3 x 2,6
60,3 x 2,9 76,1 x 2,9 88,9 x 3,2114,3 x 3,6139,7 x 3,6168,3 x 4,0219,1 x 4,5273,0 x 5,0323,9 x 5,6
90 90110110125140160200225250315400450 90 90110110125140160200225250315400450 90 90110110125140160200225250315400450
90 90110110125140160200225250315400450
DN 20-300, Insulation thickness 1
l
Lg DS
FP
14,516192227303439
3,544,55
0,5111
1820,52427
5,5678
0,5111
2022,52630
6,5 7,5 8,510
1111
2224.528,532,5
8 8,51011.5
1111
23,526,53135,5
9101214
1111,5
6,5789
1,51,51,52
33,537,542,548,5
101112,514,5
1,51,522,5
36,541,546,553,5
1213,51517,5
1,5222,5
4045,55158,5
14,5161820,5
222,53
43,5495563
171921,524,5
2,52,52,53
4250576170,5
101213,514,517
2,5333,54,5
52,562,571.57688
15,518,52122,526
33445
586978,58497
1922,525,527,531,5
33,544,55,5
63 75 85,5 91,5106
22,52730,532,538
3,53,54,556
68,5 81,5 92,5 99115
26,531,53638,544
3,544,55,56,5
111214,516,5
2,533,54
0,5111
13,515,51820,5
44,55,56
0,5111
15172022,5
55,56,57,5
1111
16,518,521,524,5
66,57,59
1111,5
182023,527
7 7,5 910,5
111,51,5
202325,529,5
55,567
11,51,52
25,528,53237
7,5 8,5 9,511
1,51,51,52,5
2831,535,540,5
910,511,513,5
1,51,522,5
30,534,538,544,5
11121416
1,51,522,5
33374248
1314,51618,5
1,522,53
3238,5444755
7,5 910,51113
22,5333,5
4048555968,5
121416,517,520
2,533,53,54,5
445360,56575,5
14,517202124,5
33445
4857,5667182
1720,523,52529,5
33,544,55,5
5262,571,576,589
202427,529,534,5
3,544,556
91011,513
22,52,53
0,50,50,51
1112,514,516,5
33,54,55
0,50,50,51
1213,51618
44,556
1111
131517,520
4,55,567
1111
14,5161921,5
5,5678,5
1111
1618,520,524
44,555,5
1111
20,5232630
677,59
1111,5
22,525,528,533
7,5 8,5 9,510,5
111,52,5
24,527,53136
8,5101113
11,51,52,5
26,53033,539
1011,51315
1,51,522,5
26313638,545
6 7,5 8,5 911
1,51,5233,5
32,53944,54856
9,511,513,514,517
2333,54
35,542,5495362
11,5141617,520
2,53344,5
3946,553,55867
1416,51920,524
2,53445
4250,55862,573
16,519,522,52428
3344,55,5
7,589,511
1,522,52,5
0,50,50,50,5
0,50,50,50,5
910,51214
2,533,54
1011,513,515
33,54,55
0,5111
1112,514,516,5
44,556
1111
1111
1213,515,518
4,5567
13,515,517,520
33,545
0,5111
1719,521,525
55,56,57,5
1111
18,5212427,5
6789
111,52
20,5232630
7 8 9,510,5
111,52,5
22252832,5
8,5 9,51112,5
2222,5
22263032,538
5677,59
1,51,51.52,53
27,532,537,540,547,5
8 9,5111214
22334
303641,544,552
101213,514,517
2333,54
32,539454957
11,5141617,520
2,53344,5
35,545,5495362
13,516,51920,524
2,53445
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Laying with thermalprestressing
Operating temperature TB [° C]Preheating temperature Tv [ ° C]Laying temperature Tk=10 [ ° C],
T = Tv–TkSliding range when cooling Lg [m]Elastic recovery when cooling l [mm]Permissible stress = 190 N/mm2
Friction factor ground/ PE, µ=0,5Specific gravity of ground, = 19 kN/m3
Coefficient of compression, Kd=0,463Covering height H [m]Expansion leg DS [m]
®
-
FER
7.216
15.10.2003
Steel piped x s
mm
90° °°° Tv=50 ° C ( T=40 ° C)
DN D
mm20253240
50 65 80100125150200250300
20253240
50 65 80100125150200250300
20253240
50 65 80100125150200250300
20253240
50 65 80100125150200250300
26,9 x 2,6533,7 x 2,642,4 x 2,648,3 x 2,6
60,3 x 2,9 76,1 x 2,9 88,9 x 3,2114,3 x 3,6139,7 x 3,6168,3 x 4,0219,1 x 4,5273,0 x 5,0323,9 x 5,6
Tv=60 ° C ( T=50 ° C)
Tv=65 ° C ( T=55 ° C)
Tv=70 ° C ( T=60 ° C)
100 ° °°° 110 ° °°° 120 ° °°° 130 ° °°° Tv=75 ° C ( T=65° C)
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
TB
H =
0,6
m
H =
0,8
m
H =
1,0
m
H =
1,2
m
26,9 x 2,6533,7 x 2,642,4 x 2,648,3 x 2,6
60,3 x 2,9 76,1 x 2,9 88,9 x 3,2114,3 x 3,6139,7 x 3,6168,3 x 4,0219,1 x 4,5273,0 x 5,0323,9 x 5,6
26,9 x 2,6533,7 x 2,642,4 x 2,648,3 x 2,6
60,3 x 2,9 76,1 x 2,9 88,9 x 3,2114,3 x 3,6139,7 x 3,6168,3 x 4,0219,1 x 4,5273,0 x 5,0323,9 x 5,6
26,9 x 2,6533,7 x 2,642,4 x 2,648,3 x 2,6
60,3 x 2,9 76,1 x 2,9 88,9 x 3,2114,3 x 3,6139,7 x 3,6168,3 x 4,0219,1 x 4,5273,0 x 5,0323,9 x 5,6
l
Lg DS
FP
1213,516,519
33,544,5
0,5111
1516,52124
4,5567
1111,5
16,518,52326,5
5,567,58,5
1111,5
18202528,5
6,5 7 910
111,51,5
19,521,52731
7,5 8,510,512
11,51,51,5
2426,53034,5
110110125125140160180225
5,56,578
11,51,52
303337,543
9101113
1,5222,5
32,536,541,547,5
10,51213,515,5
1,522,53
35,539,54552
12,5141618,5
22,52,53
38,5434956
1516,51921,5
232,53
250280355450500
37,544,550,55463,5
910,5121315
2,52,533,54
47,55663,567,579
1416,5192023,5
2,53444,5
5261,569,574,587
17202324,528,5
33,544,55
56,567768195
2024272934
3,53,54,555,5
61,5 72,5 82,5 88103
23,528323440
3,544,55,56
110110125125
91012,514,5
22,533,5
0,50,50,51
1112,51618
3,53,54,55,5
0,5111
0,5111
12,51417,520
44,55,56,5
13,5151921,5
4,55,56,57,5
1111
14,516,520,523,5
5,56,589
1111,5
140160180225
18202326,6
4,54,55,56,5
1111,5
22,52528,533
6,5 7,5 8,510
11,51,52,5
2527,531,536
8 91012
1,51,522,5
273034,539,5
9,510,51214
1,51,522,5
29,532,53743
11,512,514,516,5
1,51,523
250280355450500
2934,5394249,5
7 8 91012
222,533,5
36434952,562
1112,514,515,518,5
2,533,53,54,5
39,54753,557,568
1315,517,518,522
2,533,544,5
43,551,558,56374
15,518,52122,526,5
3344,55
4755,563,56880,5
1821,524,526,531
33,5455,5
110110125125
7 81011,5
1,522,53
0,50,50,50,5
91012,514,5
2,5344,5
0,50,511
10111416
33,54,55
0,50,511
11121517,5
44,55,56
1111
1111
11,51316,519
4,556,57,5
140160180225
14,51618,521,5
3,544,55
1111
18202326,5
5,5678
111,51,5
111,51,5
202225,529
6,578,59,5
222427,532
8 8,51011,5
11,522,5
23,5263034,5
91011,513,5
1,51,522,5
250280355450500
23,52831,53440,5
5,56,57,589,5
11,5223
2934,539,54350,5
8,510,51212,515
22,5334
323843,54755,5
10,512,514,515,518
2,533,53,54,5
3541,547,551,560,5
12,5151718,521,5
2,533,544,5
384551,555,566
14,517,52021,525,5
2,53445
110110125125
66,58,59,5
1,51,522,5
0,50,50,50,5
7,5 8,510,512
22,533,5
0,50,50,51
8 9,511,513,5
2,5344,5
0,50,50,51
91012,514,5
33,54,55
0,5111
10111416
445,56
1111
140160180225
1213,515,518
33.53.54
0,5111
151719,522,5
4,555,56,5
1111
16,518,52124,5
5,5678
1111,5
18202327
6,578,59,5
1112,5
19,5222529
7,5 8,5 9,511
11,51,52,5
250280355450500
19,523,526,52934
4,55,56,578
1122,53
24,52933,53643
7,5 8,51010,513
1,51,5333,5
2732374047
910,5121315,5
22,533,54
29,5354043,551,5
10,512,514,515,518,5
2,5333,54,5
323843,54755,5
12,514,5171821,5
2,533,544,5
DN 20-300, Insulation thickness 2
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Laying with thermalprestressing
Operating temperature TB [° C]Preheating temperature Tv [ ° C]Laying temperature Tk=10 [ ° C],
T = Tv–TkSliding range when cooling Lg [m]Elastic recovery when cooling l [mm]Permissible stress = 190 N/mm2
Friction factor ground/ PE, µ=0,5Specific gravity of ground, = 19 kN/m3
Coefficient of compression, Kd=0,463Covering height H [m]Expansion leg DS [m]
®
-
FER
7.217
15.10.2003
l
Lg DS
FP
Steel piped x s
mm
90° °°° Tv=50 ° C ( T=40 ° C)
DN D
mm
350400450500
Tv=60 ° C ( T=50 ° C)
Tv=65 ° C ( T=55 ° C)
Tv=70 ° C ( T=60 ° C)
100 ° °°° 110 ° °°° 120 ° °°° 130 ° °°° Tv=75 ° C ( T=65° C)
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
TB
0,6
m0,
8 m
1,
0 m
1,
2 m
m
H
355,6 x 5,6406,4 x 6,3457,2 x 6,3508,0 x 6,3
Steel piped x s
mm
90° °°° Tv=50 ° C ( T=40 ° C)
DN D
mm350400450500
Tv=60 ° C ( T=50 ° C)
Tv=65 ° C ( T=55 ° C)
Tv=70 ° C ( T=60 ° C)
100 ° °°° 110 ° °°° 120 ° °°° 130 ° °°° Tv=75 ° C ( T=65° C)
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
TB
0,6
m0,
8 m
1,
0 m
1,
2 m
m
H
355,6 x 5,6406,4 x 6,3457,2 x 6,3508,0 x 6,3
Insulation thickness 1
355,6 x 5,6406,4 x 6,3457,2 x 6,3508,0 x 6,3
355,6 x 5,6406,4 x 6,3457,2 x 6,3508,0 x 6,3
355,6 x 5,6406,4 x 6,3457,2 x 6,3508,0 x 6,3
355,6 x 5,6406,4 x 6,3457,2 x 6,3508,0 x 6,3
355,6 x 5,6406,4 x 6,3457,2 x 6,3508,0 x 6,3
355,6 x 5,6406,4 x 6,3457,2 x 6,3508,0 x 6,3
350400450500
350400450500
350400450500
350400450500
350400450500
350400450500
500560630710
500560630710
500560630710
500560630710
560630710800
560630710800
560630710800
560630710800
6977,57674
16,518,51818
86 979592
25,5292827,5
95106105102
313534,533
103116114111
3741,54139,5
112126124120
4348,54846,5
54616058
13141414
67767575
2022,52221,5
748382,580,5
24272726
81 91 90 87,5
2932,53231
879997,595
34383836,5
445049,548
10,511,51211,5
55626260,5
16,518,518,518
61696866,5
19,522,522,522
66757472
23,526,526,526
728180,578,5
2831,53130,5
37,542,54241
9101010
47535352
1415,515,515,5
51,5585856,5
17191918,5
56646361,5
202322,522
60,56968,567
23,526,526,526
61,56967,565,5
14,5161615,5
778684,582
2325,52524,5
84,594,59390
27,53130,529,5
9210310198
33373635
100112110107
38,54342,541
48545352
11,51312,512,5
6067,566,565
182020,519,5
66747371
21,5242423,5
72818078
25,52928,528
7887,586,584
383433,532,5
39,5444443
9,510,510,510
4955,55553,5
14,516,516,516
546160,559
17,5202019
5966,56664
2123,523,523
64727169,5
24,527,527,527
33,537,537,536,5
8999
41,5474746
12,5141413,5
4651,551,550
15171716,5
5056,55655
17,5202019,5
54616159,5
2123,523,523
4,5566
44,54,54,5
3,544,54,5
3,5444,5
5,566,57
55,55,55,5
4,555,56
44,555,5
66,57,57,5
5,566,56,5
55,55,56
4,555,56
6,577,58,5
66,577,5
5,5666,5
55,566,5
788,59,5
6,577,57,5
66,577,5
5,566,57
44,555,5
3,54,54,54,5
3,5444
3,544,54,5
5,566,57
4,555,56
44,54,55
44,555
66,577,5
55,566,5
4,555,56
455,56
677,58
5,566,57
55,566,5
4,555,55,5
6,57,588,5
6,56,577,5
5,566,57
55,567
DN 350-500 Insulation thickness 1 + 2
Operating temperature TB [° C]Preheating temperature Tv [ ° C]Laying temperature Tk=10 [ ° C],
T = Tv–TkSliding range when cooling Lg [m]Elastic recovery when cooling l [mm]Permissible stress = 190 N/mm2
Friction factor ground/ PE, µ=0,5Specific gravity of ground, = 19 kN/m3
Coefficient of compression, Kd=0,463Covering height H [m]Expansion leg DS [m]
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Laying with thermalprestressing
Insulation thickness 2
®
-
FER
7.218
15.10.2003
Steel piped x s
mm
90° °°° Tv=50 ° C ( T=40 ° C)
DN D
mm20253240
50 65 80100125150200
20253240
50 65 80100125150200
20253240
50 65 80100125150200
20253240
50 65 80100125150200
26,9 x 2,6533,7 x 2,642,4 x 2,648,3 x 2,6
60,3 x 2,9 76,1 x 2,9 88,9 x 3,2114,3 x 3,6139,7 x 3,6168,3 x 4,0219,1 x 4,5
Tv=60 ° C ( T=50 ° C)
Tv=65 ° C ( T=55 ° C)
Tv=70 ° C ( T=60 ° C)
100 ° °°° 110 ° °°° 120 ° °°° 130 ° °°° Tv=75 ° C ( T=65° C)
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
Lgm
lmm
DS m
TB
H =
0,6
m
H =
0,8
m
H =
1,0
m
H =
1,2
m
26,9 x 2,6533,7 x 2,642,4 x 2,648,3 x 2,6
60,3 x 2,9 76,1 x 2,9 88,9 x 3,2114,3 x 3,6139,7 x 3,6168,3 x 4,0219,1 x 4,5
26,9 x 2,6533,7 x 2,342,4 x 2,648,3 x 2,6
60,3 x 2,9 76,1 x 2,9 88,9 x 3,2114,3 x 3,6139,7 x 3,6168,3 x 4,0219,1 x 4,5
26,9 x 2,6533,7 x 2,642,4 x 2,648,3 x 2,6
60,3 x 2,9 76,1 x 2,9 88,9 x 3,2114,3 x 3,6139,7 x 3,6168,3 x 4,0219,1 x 4,5
l
Lg DS
FP
125125140140
10,511,51517
2,533,54
0,50,511
1314,51821,5
44,55,56,5
1111
14,51620,523,5
4,55,56,57,5
1111,5
15,517,522,525,5
5,56,589
1111,5
17192427,5
6,5 7,5 9,510,5
111,51,5
160180200250
2123,52731
55,56,57,5
111,51,5
2629,53439,5
7,5 8,51011,5
1,51,522,5
28,5323742,5
9,510,51214
1,51,522,5
313540,546,5
1112,514,516,5
1,51,52,53
34384450,5
1314,51719,5
1,5233
280315400
33,539,545
89,5
10,5
22,53
4249,556
12,514,516,5
2,533,5
46,554,561,5
151820
334
50,559,567,5
182124
33,54
5564,573
212528
444,5
125125140140
8 911,513
222,53
0,50,50,51
10111416
33,545
0,5111
0,5111
111215,517,5
3,5456
12131719,5
44,567
1111
1111
1314,518,521
55,578
160180200250
15,517,520,523,5
3,5455,5
1111
19,52225,529,5
66,57,58,5
111,51,5
21,524,52832,5
7 8 910,5
11,51,52,5
23,526,53135,5
8,5 9,51112,5
11,522,5
25,52933,538,5
10111315
1,51,522,5
280315400
25,530,534,5
678,5
1,51,52,5
323843,5
9,511,513
22,53
35,54247,5
11,513,515,5
2,533,5
38,545,552
141618,5
2,533,5
4249,556
161921,5
33,54
125124140140
6,5 7 910,5
1,51,522,5
0,50,50,50,5
8 911,513
2,52,534
0,50,511
8,5 9,512,514,5
3344,5
0,50,511
9,510,513,515,5
3,5455,5
0,5111
10,511,514,517
44,55,56,5
1111
160180200250
12,514,516,519
33,544,5
1111
161820,524
4,55,567
1111,5
17,519,52326
5,56,57,58,5
111,52
1921,52528,5
6,5 7,5 910
11,51,52,5
20,523,52731
8 910,512
1,51,522,5
280315400
2124,528,5
567
11,52,5
263135,5
7,59
10,5
1,52,53
28,53438,5
9,51112,5
2,533
31,53742
111315
2,533,5
344046
1315,517,5
2,533,5
125125140140
5,567,58,5
1,51,522
0,50,50,50,5
6,5 7,5 9,511
2233
0,50,50,51
7,5 810,512
2,52,53,54
0,50,50,51
8 911,513
3344,5
0,5111
8,5 9,512,514
3,53,54,55,5
1111
160180200250280315400
10,512141617,520,524
2,533,54455,5
1111
131517,520
44,556
1111
14,516,51922
4,55,567
1111,5
16182124
5,56,57,58,5
1112
1719,522,526
6,5 7,5 8,510
11,51,52,5
11,52
222629,5
6,57,59
1,523
2428,532,5
89,5
10,5
1,52,53
263135,5
9,51112,5
2,533
28,533,538,5
111315
2,533,5
DN 20-200 Insulation thickness 3
Operating temperature TB [° C]Preheating temperature Tv [ ° C]Laying temperature Tk=10 [ ° C],
T = Tv–TkSliding range when cooling Lg [m]Elastic recovery when cooling l [mm]Permissible stress = 190 N/mm2
Friction factor ground/ PE, µ=0,5Specific gravity of ground, = 19 kN/m3
Coefficient of compression, Kd=0,463Covering height H [m]Expansion leg DS [m]
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Laying with thermalprestressing
®
-
FER
7.220
15.10.2003
12050 60 70 80 90 100 110
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
1010
20
30
40
50
60
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
10
20
4050120 100 90 80 70 60
2030
4050
60
901001
10120
Lmax [m
]
15
30
Restricted expansion
7080
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Temperature difference T1) [K]
Expansion hindered by earth friction
Ratio
L/L
max
Ex
pans
ion
L
[mm
]
Pipe length L [m]
Pipe
leng
th L
[m]
Pipe
leng
th L
[m]
DN 125/250, welded inner pipepipe length L = 30 mH = 0,8 m
T = 100 KLmax = 56 m(from worksheet 7.212)L/Lmax = 0,53
Example:
l = 28 mm
2)
3)
(free expansion = 36 mm)
Temperature difference: operating temperature minus laying temperature Pipe length L measured from fixed point to axis of expansion leg Dimension H is the covering height measured from the pipe apex to the consolidated or compressed ground surface
1)2)3)
®
-
FER
7.221Expansion up to 90° C, DN 20-125
Insulation 2, permissible without prestressing
H=0.70 m • DS 2
H=0.70 m • DS 2
76.1-160
Exp
ansi
on
l [
mm
]Ex
pan
sio
n
l [m
m]
Laying length of pipe L [m]
Exp
ansi
on
l [
mm
]
H=0.70 m • DS 2
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
5
10
15
20
25
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
TB=65 ° C( T=55 ° C)
TB=80 ° C( T=70 ° C)
TB=90 ° C( T=80 ° C)
139.7-250
114.3-225
88.9-180
76.1-16060.3-140
48.3-12542.4-125
33.7-11026.9-110
114.3-225
88.9-180
76.1-160
48.3-12542.4-125
33.7-110
26.9-110 33.7-110
42.4-125
60.3-140
88.9-180
114.3-225
48.3-125
Adhesion areaSliding area
60.3-140
139.7-250
p
The maximum permissible laying length may be exceeded. Temperature stress at 90 ° max. 190 N/mm .
Coverage correction factor:H = 0.60 m l graph + 12%H = 0.80 m l graph – 12%
Maximum permissible coverage height: see sheet 7.210Expansion members:see sheet 7.230.
26.9-110
139.7-250
TB [° C]L [m]H [m]
l [mm]DS [m]Fr' [kN/m] =190 N/mm =0,5 =19 kN/m
Kd=0,463
µ2
3
Operating temperatureLaying length of pipeCoverage heightExpansionExpansion legFrictional forcePermissible stressFriction factor, earth / PEWeight of earth per unit of volumeCoefficient of earth pressure at rest
Example (sheet 7.230):Pipe 76.1-160 (insulation thickness 2)Operating temperature TB = 80° CPipe length L = 40 m or moreSliding area Lg = 40 mExpansion l = 17 mmExpansion leg DS = 2.4 m
DS
= 2
.4 m
l = 17 mm
DK
l = 17 mm
DS = 2.4 m
l
Lg
NFP
LDSFr'[kN/m]
Restricted expansion
15.10.2003
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Adhesion areaSliding area
Laying length of pipe L [m]
Laying length of pipe L [m]
2
®
-
FER
7.222Expansion up to 90° C, DN 20-125
Insulation 3, permissible without prestressing
Exp
ansi
on
l [
mm
]Ex
pan
sio
n
l [m
m]
Laying length of pipe L [m]
Exp
ansi
on
l [
mm
]
The maximum permissible laying length may be exceeded. Temperature stress at 90 ° max. 190 N/mm .
Coverage correction factor:H = 0.60 m l graph + 12%H = 0.80 m l graph – 12%
Maximum permissible coverage height: see sheet 7.210Expansion members:see sheet 7.230.
TB [° C]L [m]H [m]
l [mm]DS [m]Fr' [kN/m] =190 N/mm =0,5 =19 kN/m
Kd=0,463
µ2
3
Operating temperatureLaying length of pipeCoverage heightExpansionExpansion legFrictional forcePermissible stressFriction factor, earth / PEWeight of earth per unit of volumeCoefficient of earth pressure at rest
Example (sheet 7.230):Pipe 76.1-180 (insulation thickness 3)Operating temperature TB = 80° CPipe length L = 40 m or moreSliding area Lg = 35 mExpansion l = 15 mmExpansion leg DS = 2.2 m
DS
= 2
.2 m
l = 15 mm
DK
l = 15 mm
DS = 2.2 m
l
Lg
NFP
LDSFr'[kN/m]
Restricted expansion
15.10.2003
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Adhesion areaSliding area
Laying length of pipe L [m]
Laying length of pipe L [m]H=0.70 m • DS 3
H=0.70 m • DS 3
H=0.70 m • DS 3
139.7-280
114.3-250
88.9-200
76.1-18060.3-160
48.3-14042.4-140
33.7-12526.9-125
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
5
10
15
20
25
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
5
10
15
20
25
30
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
TB=65 ° C( T=55 ° C)
TB=80 ° C( T=70 ° C)
TB=90 ° C( T=80 ° C)
139.7-280
114.3-250
88.9-200
76.1-180
60.3-160
48.3-140
42.4-140 33.7-125
26.9-125
139.7-280
114.3-25088.9-200
76.1-180
60.3-160
48.3-140
42.4-14033.7-125
26.9-125
Adhesion areaSliding area
2
®
-
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-
FER
7.230
15.10.2003
Expansion elements
DS
DS
l
l
DK
A
DS
l
DK
B
DS
l1DK
x xFP
B
DS/2
C
DS/2
DS
l1
l2DK
l2
DN
20, 25 32, 40 50 65, 80100
125150200250300*
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 50 601,21,41,61,82,1
1,31,61,92,22,5
1,622,22,62,9
1,72,22,52,93,3
22,52,73,33,7
2,12,633,54
2,333,23,94,5
2,633,64,65
2,93,4455,7
2,42,72,93,23,4
2,83,63,844,2
3,34,54,75,15,2
3,655,55,96,0
45,96,577,1
4,56,577,57,8
5788,28,6
5,6 8 91010,2
6,5 9111212,5
DN 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 50 60
15 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100DN
DN
20, 2532, 40506580
100125150200250, 300*
11,31,51,71,8
1,21,522,12,2
1,41,82,22,42,5
1,522,42,62,8
1,72,32,72,93,1
1,92,42,83,13,3
2,12,633,43,5
2,42,93,43,74
2,63,23,744,5
2,32,32,72,83,1
2,52,72,83,33,7
2,93,23,23,74,1
3,23,53,644,6
3,53,944,55,1
3,74,14,44,75,2
44,54,755,9
4,555,566,6
4,95,5677,6
20, 2532, 405065
80100125150*
11,21,3
20, 2532, 4050
65, 80100, 125150, 200250300*
1,21,41,5
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1,51,61,8
1,622,3
1,92,32,5
2,12,42,7
2,32,63
2,42,83,2
2,533,5
2,73,23,7
1,62,222,32,4
1,82,42,42,62,8
2,32,63,13,53,7
2,63,244,24,5
33,74,555,3
3,44,15,25,76
3,64,55,96,36,7
456,377,3
4,45,477,68
4,65,87,688,5
1111,6
111,21,6
1111,6
11,21,41,6
11,31,51,6
1,21,41,62
1,31,51,82
1,41,722
1,61,651,651,65
1,61,651,652,2
1,61,651,651,65
1,61,6522,5
1,6222,8
222,33,3
22,32,53,5
2,22,52,74
Sheet 1
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Requisite minimum length of the expansion leg, DS The length and location of the expansion pads may be seen from the tables and from worksheet 7.232. The maximum permissible expansion for expansion is 45 mm. Operating pressure 16 bar.
L elbow
Z elbow
U elbow
L elbow
DK = expansion padsFP = fixed point
Do not add l of both sides!
l = l1+ l2
C = 1 m whereDN is 20 - 50;C = 2 m whereDN is 65 - 250
A = DS/2 whereDN is 20 - 125;A = DS whereDN is 150 - 250
l = l1+ l2
B = DS/2 whereDN is 20 - 125;B = DS whereDN is 150 - 250
Expansion leg DS in m
Expansion l in mm
Expansion l in mm
Expansion l = l1 + l2 in mm
*for larger dimensions, values must be calculated
Expansion l = l1 + l2 in mm
®
-
FER
7.231
15.10.2003
Expansion elementsElbow < 90° (bend in the line); sheet 2
In order to determine the expansion leg length (DS) and expansion pad location (DK) for elbows< 90° , the lateral displacement (deflection) Q is a determining factor. The lateral displacement Q maybe a maximum of 45 mm where the line is being laid using expansion pads. Anchors may ifnecessary be arranged before bends in the line, or else the elbows should be mechanically orthermally prestressed, causing the values for Q to be halved. The total lateral displacement Q shouldbe used in all cases for calculating the thickness of the expansion areas without thermalprestressing.
l1 l2
Q1 Q2l1
l1
l2
l2
Q1 =
Q2 =
sin
sin
tan
tan
+
+
20 25 30
30°25°20°15°10°
18,522,52838
37,545
43
353841,545,5
90°85°80°75°70°65°60°55°50°45°40°35°
55,566,57899,5
11121416
10111213141617,519
21,52427,532
15161819,521,523,5262932364147,5
2022242628,531,534,538,5
25273033363943
3033363943
4043,547,5
5 10 15 35 40
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Determining the features of expansion legs DS
Determining the features of expansion pads DK, DN 20 - DN 250Thickness of the pad: Q [mm] is a determining factor Length: expansion leg length Location: see worksheet 7.232, location of expansion pads
DN 20 - DN 100: by Q [mm] from table of expansion elements L elbow, sheet 7.230DN 125 - DN 250: by Q [mm] x 1.1, from table of expansion elements L elbow, sheet 7.230
Table for Q where l1 = l2
Expansion l1 = l2 [mm]
Lateral displacement Q1 = Q2 [mm]
Bend
Calculation of lateral displacement, Q:
If l1 = l2 => Q = l/sin + l/tan
®
-
FER
7.232
15.10.2003
Expansion pads are located in the area of expansion elbows, T pieces and reducing sockets, in orderto allow the FERWAG pipe to move in the earth. They are located in layers around the pipe in such away that the length alteration determined according to worksheets can be fully taken up.At least one expansion pad should be fitted in the incoming pipe leg in the area of the pipe elbow.If additional expansion pad has to be taken up in the pipe leg, accordingly more expansion, the padsmust be fitted there, according to the length alteration.
Location ofexpansion pads
l
DS / 2
DS
FPl [mm]
3
4 – 23
24 – 45
without expansion pads
1 layer (thickness 40 mm)
2 layers (thickness 80 mm)(2nd layer = 1/2 of the 1st layer)
DK
FERWAG -District heating pipe
1 layer of expansion pads where there is the same expansion from both directions
2 layers of expansion pads where there is the same expansion from both directions
Expansion pads in the sliding area of the main line on reducing sockets
Expansion pads on T branches Fitting the expansion pads to the pipelines
Example FERWAG pipe, DN 80
l = 40 mm, expansion leg DS = 3,9 m1st layer = 4 pads (metre)2nd layer = 1/2 of 1st layer = 2 pads (m)
Expansion pads[quantity]
Number of expansion pads
®
®
®
-
FER
7.240
15.10.2003
Pressure losses
.1
1
10
100
.1 1
1000 000
100 000
10 000
1 000
500400
50 200 300 2000 3000100 1000500
5 10 20 30 50 100 200 300
Pa/m
mmWC/m
Pressure loss, p
2 000
3 000
4 0005 000
20 000
30 000
40 00050 000
200 000
300 000
400 000500 000
kgh
Flo
w q
uan
tity
, m
•
DN 20
25
3240
50
65 80
100
125
150
200
250300
350
0.3
5000
500
100
50
30
20
10
5
3
2
1
0,5
0,3
0,2
0,15
kgs
Flow
qua
ntity
, m
•
20 25 32 40 50 65 80100125150200250300350400450500
21,6 29,1 37,2 43,1 54,5 70,3 82,5107,1132,5160,3210,1263,0312,7344,4393,8444,6495,4
DN D inter.mm
DN
Water velocity w
[m/s]
Average water temperature 80 ° C
0.4 m/s
0.5
0.6
0.8
1.0
3.63.22.82.4
1.21.4
1.61.8
2.0
m Q · 860
T
Surface roughness value = 0.045 mm
(1 mmWC = 9.81 Pa)
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Average water temperature 80 ° C
m = Flow rate in kg/hQ = Power requirement in kW
T= Temp. difference, forward and return flow in ° C
®
-
FERWAG®- District heating pipe
Heat lossInsulation thickness 1
FER
7.241
26.8.2003
TypeFERWAG®
26,9 - 90
33,7 - 90
42,4 - 110
48,3 - 110
60,3 - 125
76,1 - 140
88,9 - 160
114,3 - 200
139,7 - 225
168,3 - 250
219,1 - 315
273,0 - 400
323,9 - 450
355,6 - 500
406,4 - 560
457,2 - 630
508,0 - 710
U-value [W/mK]
0.132
0.161
0.165
0.190
0.212
0.250
0.257
0.268
0.311
0.370
0.403
0.388
0.446
0.433
0.460
0.457
0.441
50°
5.3
6.5
6.6
7.6
8.5
10.0
10.3
10.7
12.5
14.8
16.1
15.5
17.8
17.3
18.4
18.3
17.6
60°
6.6
8.1
8.2
9.5
10.6
12.5
12.9
13.4
15.6
18.5
20.1
19.4
22.3
21.7
23.0
22.9
22.0
70°
7.9
9.7
9.9
11.4
12.7
15.0
15.4
16.10
18.70
22.2
24.2
23.3
26.8
26.0
27.6
27.4
26.5
80°
9.2
11.30
11.5
13.3
14.8
17.5
18.0
18.8
21.8
25.9
28.2
27.2
31.2
30.3
32.2
32.0
30.9
90°
10.56
12.91
13.18
15.18
16.95
19.97
20.57
21.47
24.91
29.58
32.22
31.06
35.67
34.67
36.80
36.58
35.27
100°
11.9
14.5
14.8
17.1
19.1
22.5
23.1
24.2
28.0
33.3
36.2
34.9
40.1
39.0
41.4
41.2
39.7
110°
13.2
16.1
16.5
19.0
21.2
25.0
25.7
26.8
31.1
37.0
40.3
38.8
44.6
43.3
46.0
45.7
44.1
120°
14.5
17.8
18.1
20.9
23.3
27.5
28.3
29.5
34.3
40.7
44.3
42.7
49.0
47.7
50.6
50.3
48.5
130°
15.8
19.4
19.8
22.8
25.4
30.0
30.9
32.2
37.4
44.4
48.3
46.6
53.5
52.0
55.2
54.9
52.9
Heat losses q [W/m] for a pipe
Operating temperature TB [°C]
Heat loss during operation: q = U (TB - TE) [W/m] U = Specific heat losses [W/mK]TB = Average operating temperature [ °C]TE = Average ground temperature [ °C]
2 pipes laid a = 0,20 mTE = 10 °CH = 0,6 mλE = 1,2 W/mKλPU= 0,0260 W/mK
Method of laying:Distance between pipes:Earth temperature:Covering height:Conductivity of ground:Conductivity of PU foam:
TE
Eλ
a
H
-
FERWAG®- District heating pipe
Heat lossInsulation thickness 2
FER
7.242
26.8.2003
TypeFERWAG®
26,9 - 110
33,7 - 110
42,4 - 125
48,3 - 125
60,3 - 140
76,1 - 160
88,9 - 180
114,3 - 225
139,7 - 250
168,3 - 280
219,1 - 355
273,0- 450
323,9 - 500
355,6 - 560
406,4 - 630
457,2 - 710
508,0 - 800
U-value [W/mK]
0.113
0.134
0.145
0.165
0.184
0.207
0.216
0.225
0.260
0.295
0.312
0.304
0.347
0.334
0.346
0.343
0.334
50°
4.5
5.4
5.8
6.6
7.4
8.3
8.7
9.0
10.4
11.8
12.5
12.2
13.9
13.4
13.8
13.7
13.4
60°
5.6
6.7
7.3
8.2
9.2
10.3
10.8
11.3
13.0
14.8
15.6
15.2
17.4
16.7
17.3
17.2
16.7
70°
6.8
8.0
8.7
9.9
11.0
12.4
13.0
13.5
15.6
17.7
18.7
18.2
20.8
20.1
20.8
20.6
20.1
80°
7.9
9.4
10.2
11.5
12.9
14.5
15.1
15.8
18.2
20.7
21.9
21.3
24.3
23.4
24.2
24.0
23.4
90°
9.0
10.7
11.6
13.2
14.7
16.5
17.3
18.0
20.8
23.6
25.0
24.3
27.8
26.7
27.7
27.5
26.8
100°
10.2
12.0
13.1
14.8
16.6
18.6
19.5
20.3
23.4
26.6
28.1
27.4
31.3
30.1
31.2
30.9
30.1
110°
11.3
13.4
14.5
16.5
18.4
20.7
21.6
22.5
26.0
29.5
31.2
30.4
34.7
33.4
34.6
34.3
33.4
120°
12.4
14.7
16.0
18.1
20.3
22.7
23.8
24.8
28.6
32.5
34.4
33.4
38.2
36.8
38.1
37.8
36.8
130°
13.5
16.1
17.4
19.7
22.1
24.8
26.0
27.0
31.2
35.4
37.5
36.5
41.7
40.1
41.5
41.2
40.1
Heat losses q [W/m] for a pipe
Operating temperature TB [°C]
Heat loss during operation: q = U (TB - TE) [W/m] U = Specific heat losses [W/mK]TB = Average operating temperature [ °C]TE = Average ground temperature [ °C]
2 pipes laid a = 0,20 mTE = 10 °CH = 0,6 mλE = 1,2 W/mKλPU= 0,0260 W/mK
Method of laying:Distance between pipes:Earth temperature:Covering height:Conductivity of ground:Conductivity of PU foam:
TE
Eλ
a
H
-
FERWAG®- District heating pipe
Heat lossInsulation thickness 3
FER
7.243
26.8.2003
TypeFERWAG®
26,9 - 125
33,7 - 125
42,4 - 140
48,3 - 140
60,3 - 160
76,1 - 180
88,9 - 200
114,3 - 250
139,7 - 280
168,3 - 315
219,1 - 400
U-value [W/mK]
0.104
0.121
0.132
0.147
0.160
0.179
0.190
0.203
0.221
0.244
0.255
50°
4.1
4.8
5.3
5.9
6.4
7.2
7.6
8.1
8.8
9.8
10.2
60°
5.2
6.0
6.6
7.4
8.0
9.0
9.5
10.1
11.0
12.2
12.8
70°
6.2
7.2
7.9
8.8
9.6
10.8
11.4
12.2
13.3
14.6
15.3
80°
7.2
8.5
9.2
10.3
11.2
12.6
13.3
14.2
15.5
17.1
17.9
90°
8.3
9.7
10.5
11.8
12.8
14.4
15.2
16.2
17.7
19.5
20.4
100°
9.3
10.9
11.9
13.3
14.4
16.1
17.1
18.2
19.9
22.0
23.0
110°
10.4
12.1
13.2
14.7
16.0
17.9
19.0
20.3
22.1
24.4
25.5
120°
11.4
13.3
14.5
16.2
17.6
19.7
20.9
22.3
24.3
26.8
28.1
130°
12.4
14.5
15.8
17.7
19.2
21.5
22.8
24.3
26.5
29.3
30.6
Heat losses q [W/m] for a pipe
Operating temperature TB [°C]
Heat loss during operation: q = U (TB - TE) [W/m] U = Specific heat losses [W/mK]TB = Average operating temperature [ °C]TE = Average ground temperature [ °C]
2 pipes laid a = 0,20 mTE = 10 °CH = 0,6 mλE = 1,2 W/mKλPU= 0,0260 W/mK
Method of laying:Distance between pipes:Earth temperature:Covering height:Conductivity of ground:Conductivity of PU foam:
TE
Eλ
a
H
-
FER
7.250
15.10.2003
Laying directionsheet 1
When locating branches, e.g. house connection lines to the main line, the particular features ofthe plastic sleeve pipe system must be observed. Even short connection lines of small dimensionare held by the surrounding earth, so that their movement is restricted. The natural fixed point isagain created within the length of the connection line, so that restoring forces act on the mainline. The differing movements and force conditions of main lines and the connection line musttherefore be taken into account in all cases.
DK
NFP
max. 6m
Mai
n lin
eBuilding
DK
FP
> 6m
max. 3m
DK
NFP
bl
a
> 6 m
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Location of branches
Fig. 1Connection line 6m1.1 Direct connection
Fig. 2Connection line > 6m 2.1 With anchor
2.2 With L-elbow adjacent to main line
NFP = natural fixed point DK = expansion pad
Mai
n lin
eM
ain
line
Building
Building
®
-
FER
7.251
15.10.2003
Laying directionsheet 2
The leg length a depends on length l. Length b is based on the possible movement of the main line.The total length a + b should be surrounded by expansion pads. Expansions of the main line are alsopossible on connections in the adhesion area, as a result of subsequent repair measures, so thatexpansion pads must be fitted as a precautionary measure. The thickness of the expansion pads thenneeded can be reduced if the connection lines remain free and are laid with low stress, where themain line is prestressed.
bl
a
NFP
Main line
NFP
Main line
Building
DK
DK
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Fig. 3
3.1 With L-elbow above main line (special manufacture)
NFP = natural fixed point DK = expansion pad
®
-
FER
7.252
15.10.2003
Laying directionsheet 3
Pipe elbows, minimum bending radiusIf district heating pipes have to be laid along roads, it may be necessaryto follow curves in the road by means of elbows or bends in the pipe. Insuch cases, the elbows may be composed of several straight lengths ofpipe. If the angle is up to 3 ° , these elbows can be created with bevelledcuts, but for greater angles, they can only be created with mouldedfittings.
This curvature of the line creates bending stresses in the pipe, making itnecessary to specify a minimum radius of bending in relation to the pipedimensions. The minimum bending radius and the resulting maximumdeflection can be obtained as follows:
Laying with small bendsSliding area: bends of a maximum of 3° are permissible in bevelled cuts.Adhesion area: bends of a maximum of 5° are permissible in bevelled cuts.The bends must be laid without expansion pads.
Reductions in the adhesion areaDepending on the different stress cross-sections, there is bound to be a shift in the progression ofthe axial pressure force in the reduction.The higher pressure force in the area of the larger dimension may lead to an overload in the smallerstress cross-section, as a reaction force. This may be excluded either by avoiding reductions in theadhesion area, or by positioning a fixed point on the larger dimension side.
DN
26.933.742.448.3
60.3 76.1 88.9114.3
139.7168.3219.1273.0
323.9355.6406.4457.2508.0
da Rminm
Reductions in the adhesion area
d1 d2
Fixed point
Rzul = Es · da/ b 2000 [mm]
h = R · [1 – 1 – (s/(2 · R))2] [m]
h
Rzul
s
= minimum radius of bending [m]= chord length [m]= maximum deflection [m]= external diameter of steel pipe [m]= modulus of elasticity for steel 210000 [N/mm2]= permissible bending stress 104 [N/mm2]
RzulShdaEs
b
20253240
506580
100
125150200250
300350400450500
27344248
617790
115
141170221275
327359410461513
FERWAG -District heating pipe
mm
®
-
FER
7.253
15.10.2003
Laying directionsheet 4
45°FP
L
L
L
L
At 40 - 50 ° °°°
L
L L
L
< 40 °
> 50 °
40°
50°
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Changes of direction over long line lengths
At 40° °°° - 50° °°°
a) For angles a < 40 ° an additional 90° elbow should be laid on the outside (see illustration)
b) For angles a > 50° the additional 90° elbow should be attached on the inside (see illustration)
The second, newly formed angle is always larger in both cases, thus achieving more gradual compensation.
®
-
FER
7.254
15.10.2003
Connecting instructionTransition flexible pipe to plastic sheath pipe
all dimensions in mm
2.0*
KMR
FP
l
Pipe joint
FP
KMR
l
DS 2.5*
Pipe joint
Transit from T-Piece KMR
min 1.0
KMR
l
Pipe joint
2.0 m
KMR
l
DK
GFK Shell
Transition with fixed point
Transition with Z elbow
1.0 m
DK
KMR
DS 2.5*
Pipe joint
1.0 m
DK
l L
Transition with expansion elbow
• Design of expansion elements• Location of expansion pads according the Chapter Plastic sheath pipe from the main catalogue.
DK
Rmin
Rmin
DS 2.0*
3
1 2
4
Laying instruction for transition flexible pipes on plastic sheath pipe (KMR)
The lateral expansion l must only be sufficient for the expansion to be absorbed by the T-branch DS and by flexibles district heating pipes.
The expansion l, owing to increase of temperature, must not be compensated by the flexibles district heating pipes.Installation of a fixed point.
Laying of Z elbow according of the expansion l, which must be compensated by section DS.
DS l
FP DK
= Expansion leg = Expansion = Plastic sheath pipe - fixed point = Expansion pads
If pipe length L resp. l is > than permitted, a fixed point should be included to allow exact check of the expansions.
FERWAG -District heating pipe
flexible pipe
*FHK: 5 m possible*FHK: 5 m possible
*FHK: 5 m possible*FHK: 5 m possible
®
-
FER
7.300
15.10.2003
District heating pipe
s
d D
t
L
DN d x s
Hea
tin
gSa
nit
ary
202532
mm
40506580
100125
150200250
1/2"3/4"1"
5/4"1 1/2"2"2 1/2"3"4"
26,9 x 2,6533,7 x 2,642,4 x 2,6
48,3 x 2,660,3 x 2,976,1 x 2,988,9 x 3,2
114,3 x 3,6139,7 x 3,6
168,3 x 4,0219,1 x 4,5273,0 x 5,0
300350400450500
323,9 x 5,6355,6 x 5,6406,4 x 6,3457,2 x 6,3508,0 x 6,3
21,3 x 2,6526,9 x 2,6533,7 x 3,25 42,4 x 3,2548,3 x 3,2560,3 x 3,65
76,1 x 3,65 88,9 x 4,05114,3 x 4,50
666
66/126/126/12
6/1212
121212
1212121212
666
666
666
Dmm
tmm kg/m
90 90110
292631
2,83,04,1
l/mD
mmD
mmt
mmt
mmkg/m kg/m
110125140160
200225
250315400
28292932
3939
364256
4,55,97,39,3
13,416,4
21,231,545,8
110110125
125140160180
225250
280355450
110110110
125125140 160180225
393538
35373942
5150
516180
423936
383536 384151
2,93,24,1
5,15,57,3 9,211,616,9
3,23,54,5
4,96,37,99,9
14,617,7
23,034,650,4
125125140
140160180200
250280
315400
464346
43474852
6365
6884
3,63,94,9
5,36,98,5
10,715,919,5
25,337,3
0,370,671,09
1,462,333,885,35
9,0113,79
20,1834,6754,33
0,200,370,58
1,011,372,213,725,138,71
125125125
140140160
180200250
494643
464347
485163
3,33,64,4
5,55,97,9
9,812,418,3
450500560630710
5563664149
59,267,485,798,5124,0
500560630710800
7991997587
64,574,694,9
109,8141,0
76,80 93,16121,80155,25192,75
909090
110110125
140160200
312926 312829
293239
2,52,83,6
4,75,26,9
8,611,015,8
L m
Heating, Sanitary
16 m exceeding DN 200 on request
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Steel pipe Standardlength
Insulation thickness 1 Watercontent
Insulation thickness 2 Insulation thickness 3
D – external diameter, t - insulation thickness
®
-
FER
7.305
15.10.2003
Elbows, short-legged
s
d D
L
t
R
L
R
90° 5° – 85 °
DN d x s
202532
mm
405065
80100125
150200250
1/2"3/4"1"
5/4"1 1/2"2"2 1/2"3"4"
26,9 x 2,6533,7 x 2,642,4 x 2,6
48,3 x 2,660,3 x 2,976,1 x 2,9 88,9 x 3,2
114,3 x 3,6139,7 x 3,6
168,3 x 4,0219,1 x 4,5273,0 x 5,0
450500
457,2 x 6,3508,0 x 6,3
21,3 x 2,6526,9 x 2,6533,7 x 3,25 42,4 x 3,2548,3 x 3,2560,3 x 3,65
76,1 x 3,65 88,9 x 4,05114,3 x 4,50
Dmm
tmm
Dmm
Dmm
tmm
tmm
125125140
140160180 200250280 315400
125125125
140140160
180200250
464346
434748
526365 6883
494643 464347 485163
R L m
3d3d3d
3,5d3,5d3,5d
3,5d2,5d1,5d
1,5d1,5d1,5d
1,5d1,5d
3d3d3d
3,5d3,5d2,5d
300350400
323,9 x 5,6355,6 x 5,6406,4 x 6,3
1,5d1,5d1,5d
90 90110
110125140160200225
250315400
630710
909090
110110125
140160200
450500560
292631
282929 323939 364256
556366
312926 312829
293239
4149
110110125
125140160 180225250 280355450
110110110
125125140 160180225
500560630
710800
393538
353739
425150
516180
423936
383536 384151
7587
7991 99
3,5d3,5d3,5d
L m
L m
0.50.50.5
0.50.50.65
0.650.650.65
0.651.01.0
1.01.1
1.01.01.0
0.50.50.5
0.50.50.65
0.650.650.65
1.01.01.0
1.01.5
1.01.01.0
0.50.50.5
0.50.50.5
0.60.60.6
0.50.50.5
0.50.50.5
0.60.60.6
0.50.50.5
0.50.50.5
0.60.60.6
0.50.50.5
0.50.50.65
0.650.650.65
1.01.0
FERWAG -District heating pipe
Steel pipe Insulation thickness 1 Insulation thickness 2 Insulation thickness 3
Hea
tin
gSa
nit
ary
D – external diameter, t - insulation thickness
®
-
FER
7.310
15.10.2003
Elbows 90 ° , 1.0 x 2.0 m
DN d x s
202532
mm
405065
80100125
150200250
1/2"3/4"1"
5/4"1 1/2"2"2 1/2"3"4"
26,9 x 2,6533,7 x 2,642,4 x 2,6
48,3 x 2,660,3 x 2,976,1 x 2,9
88,9 x 3,2114,3 x 3,6139,7 x 3,6
168,3 x 4,0219,1 x 4,5273,0 x 5,0
21,3 x 2,6526,9 x 2,6533,7 x 3,25 42,4 x 3,2548,3 x 3,2560,3 x 3,65
76,1 x 3,65 88,9 x 4,05114,3 x 4,50
Dmm
tmm
90 90110
292631
Dmm
Dmm
tmm
tmm
110125140 160200225
250315400
282929
323939
364256
110110125
125140160 180225250
280355450
110110110
125125140 160180225
393538
353739 425150
516180
423936
383536
384151
125125140
140160180 200250280
315400
464346
434748
526365
6883
125125125
140140160
180200250
494643 464347 485163
909090
110110125
140160200
312926 312829
293239
R
3d3d3d
3,5d3,5d3,5d
3,5d2,5d1,5d
1,5d1,5d1,5d
1,5d1,5d1,5d
1,5d1,5d1,5d 2,5d2,5d2,5d
s
d D
t
R 1000
2000
Hea
tin
gSa
nit
ary
D – external diameter, t - insulation thickness
Steel pipe Insulation thickness 1 Insulation thickness 2 Insulation thickness 3
FERWAG -District heating pipe®
-
FER
7.312
15.10.2003
T pieces, branch-off at 45 °
L1 [m] L2 [m]
45 °
Heating, Insulation thickness 1
H [m
m]
DD d
FERWAG -District heating pipe
DN D [mm]
90
90
110
110
125
140
160
200
225
250
315
400
450
500
560
630
710
DN
20
25
32
40
50
65
80
100
125
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
1.0/1.0180
L1/L2H
20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 200 250 300 350 400150
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
1.0/1.0180
1.0/1.0180
1.0/1.0190
1.0/1.0190
1.0/1.0195
1.0/1.0200
1.0/1.0190
1.0/1.0195
1.0/1.0195
1.0/1.0195
1.0/1.0200
1.0/1.0210
1.0/1.0215
1.0/1.0205
1.0/1.0215
1.0/1.0220
1.0/1.0225
1.0/1.0215
1.0/1.0225
1.0/1.0230
1.0/1.0240
1.0/1.0250
1.0/1.0230
1.0/1.0235
1.0/1.0230
1.0/1.0240
1.0/1.0275
1.0/1.0245
1.0/1.0240
1.0/1.0250
1.0/1.0245
1.0/1.0240
1.0/1.0250
1.0/1.0250
1.0/1.0245
1.0/1.0260
1.0/1.0260
1.0/1.0255
1.0/1.0270
1.0/1.0270
1.0/1.0265
1.0/1.0280
1.0/1.0295
1.0/1.0285
1.0/1.0300
1.0/1.0300
1.0/1.0310
1.0/1.0320
1.0/1.0285
1.0/1.0285
1.0/1.0295
1.0/1.0300
1.0/1.0310
1.0/1.0330
1.0/1.0345
1.0/1.0365
1.0/1.0390
1.0/1.0325
1.0/1.0325
1.0/1.0335
1.0/1.0340
1.0/1.0350
1.0/1.0370
1.3/1.0385
1.3/1.0395
1.0/1.0385
1.0/1.0360
1.0/1.0365
1.0/1.0375
1.0/1.0395
1.5/1.0410
1.5/1.0420
1.0/1.0385
1.0/1.0390
1.0/1.0400
1.0/1.0420
1.5/1.0435
1.5/1.0445
1.0/1.0420
1.0/1.0430
1.0/1.0450
1.5/1.0465
1.5/1.0475
1.0/1.0465
1.0/1.0485
1.5/1.0500
1.5/1.0510
1.0/1.0525
1.5/1.0540
1.5/1.0550
1.3/1.0430
1.5/1.0455
1.5/1.0480
1.5/1.0510
1.5/1.0545
1.5/1.5585
1.3/1.0470
1.5/1.0495
1.5/1.0520
1.5/1.0550
1.5/1.0585
1.5/1.0625
1.5/1.0520
1.5/1.0545
1.5/1.0575
1.5/1.0610
1.5/1.0650
1.5/1.5570
1.5/1.5600
1.5/1.5635
1.5/1.5675
1.0/1.0190
1.0/1.0195
1.0/1.0205
1.0/1.0215
1.0/1.0235
1.0/1.0230
1.0/1.0240
1.5/1.5630
1.5/1.5665
1.5/1.5705
Main line Branch line
Casingpipe
®
-
FER
7.313
15.10.2003
T pieces, branch-off at 45 °
L1 [m] L2 [m]
45 °
Heating, Insulation thickness 2
H [m
m]
DD d
FERWAG -District heating pipe
DN D [mm]
110
110
125
125
140
160
180
225
250
280
355
450
500
560
630
710
800
DN
20
25
32
40
50
65
80
100
125
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
1.0/1.0180
L1/L2H
20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 200 250 300 350 400150
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
1.0/1.0180
1.0/1.0180
1.0/1.0190
1.0/1.0190
1.0/1.0195
1.0/1.0200
1.0/1.0190
1.0/1.0195
1.0/1.0195
1.0/1.0195
1.0/1.0200
1.0/1.0210
1.0/1.0215
1.0/1.0205
1.0/1.0215
1.0/1.0220
1.0/1.0225
1.0/1.0215
1.0/1.0225
1.0/1.0230
1.0/1.0240
1.0/1.0250
1.0/1.0230
1.0/1.0235
1.0/1.0250
1.0/1.0265
1.0/1.0300
1.0/1.0245
1.0/1.0255
1.0/1.0275
1.0/1.0245
1.0/1.0255
1.0/1.0275
1.0/1.0250
1.0/1.0265
1.0/1.0280
1.0/1.0260
1.0/1.0275
1.0/1.0290
1.0/1.0270
1.0/1.0285
1.0/1.0300
1.0/1.0295
1.0/1.0305
1.0/1.0320
1.0/1.0320
1.0/1.0335
1.0/1.0350
1.0/1.0310
1.0/1.0310
1.0/1.0320
1.0/1.0330
1.0/1.0340
1.3/1.0360
1.3/1.0370
1.3/1.0390
1.3/1.0425
1.0/1.0360
1.0/1.0360
1.0/1.0365
1.0/1.0375
1.0/1.0385
1.3/1.0410
1.3/1.0420
1.3/1.0435
1.0/1.0385
1.0/1.0390
1.0/1.0400
1.0/1.0410
1.5/1.0435
1.5/1.0445
1.5/1.0460
1.0/1.0420
1.0/1.0430
1.0/1.0440
1.5/1.0465
1.5/1.0475
1.5/1.0490
1.0/1.0465
1.0/1.0475
1.5/1.0495
1.5/1.0510
1.5/1.0525
1.0/1.0515
1.5/1.0540
1.5/1.0550
1.5/1.0565
1.5/1.0585
1.5/1.0595
1.5/1.5610
1.3/1.0475
1.5/1.0495
1.5/1.0530
1.5/1.5560
1.5/1.0605
1.5/1.0650
1.3/1.0520
1.5/1.0545
1.5/1.0575
1.5/1.0610
1.5/1.0650
1.5/1.0695
1.5/1.5570
1.5/1.5600
1.5/1.5635
1.5/1.5675
1.5/1.5720
1.5/1.5630
1.5/1.5665
1.5/1.5705
1.5/1.5750
1.0/1.0190
1.0/1.0195
1.0/1.0205
1.0/1.0215
1.0/1.0235
1.0/1.0250
1.0/1.0265
Main line
Casingpipe
Branch line
®
-
FER
7.314
15.10.2003
T pieces, branch-off at 45 °
L1 [m] L2 [m]
45 °
Heating, Insulation thickness 3
H [m
m]
DD d
FERWAG -District heating pipe
DN D [mm]
125
125
140
140
160
180
200
250
280
315
400
DN
20
25
32
40
50
65
80
100
125
150
200
1.0/1.0180
L1/L2H
20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 200150
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
L1/L2H
1.0/1.0180
1.0/1.0180
1.0/1.0190
1.0/1.0190
1.0/1.0195
1.0/1.0200
1.0/1.0190
1.0/1.0195
1.0/1.0195
1.0/1.0195
1.0/1.0200
1.0/1.0210
1.0/1.0215
1.0/1.0205
1.0/1.0215
1.0/1.0220
1.0/1.0225
1.0/1.0215
1.0/1.0225
1.0/1.0230
1.0/1.0240
1.0/1.0250
1.0/1.0230
1.0/1.0235
1.0/1.0275
1.0/1.0295
1.0/1.0335
1.0/1.0245
1.0/1.0280
1.0/1.0300
1.0/1.0245
1.0/1.0280
1.0/1.0300
1.0/1.0250
1.0/1.0290
1.0/1.0310
1.0/1.0260
1.0/1.0300
1.0/1.0320
1.0/1.0270
1.0/1.0310
1.0/1.0330
1.0/1.0295
1.0/1.0335
1.0/1.0355
1.0/1.0350
1.0/1.0370
1.0/1.0385
1.0/1.0340
1.0/1.0340