CONTENTS

1 1 2

GENERAL TERMS

Driving License

General provisions for vehicles

Driving License Types

SECTION

1

3 3 5 7

PREDESTRIANS

GENERAL RULES

CROSSING THE ROAD

CROSSING AT A ZEBRA

OTHER CROSSING

SECTION

2

8 8 9 11 11 13 15 17 19 21 22 25 27 28 29

31

THE ROAD USER ON WHEELS

VEHICLES AND DRIVERS REQUIREMENTS

LOADING

DRIVER STATUS WHILE DRIVING

MOTORIST AND THE TRAFFIC POLICE

DRIVING BEHAVIOR ON THE ROAD

STOPPINT DISTANCES

THE SAFETY OF PEDESTRIANS

LINES AND LANES THE ROAD

ROAD COURTESY

OVERTAKING

ROAD JUNCTIONS

ROUNDABOUTS

REVERSING

NIGHT DRIVING WAITING AND PARKING

BREAKDOWNS AND ACCIDENTS

SECTION

3

33

34

RULES FOR CYCLISTS

CYCLE EQUIPMENT

CYCLING RULES

SECTION

4

36 37 38 38 38 38

RULES FOR HEAVY VEHICLES

VEHICLE WEIGHTS AND DIMENSION LOADS SPEED LIMITS ON THE RAOD TURNING

SECTION

5

39 41

THE ROAD USERS AND ANIMALS GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS DRIVING DONKEYS CARDS

SECTION

6

41 42

LIGHT SIGNALS TRAFFIC LIGHT SIGNALS ORDINARY PEDESTRIAN LIGHTS

SECTION

7

43 44

SIGNAL TO OTHER ROAD USERS OTHER ROAD USERS SIGNALS BY TRAFFIC POLICE

SECTION

8

45 48 51

TAFFIC SIGHN SIGNS GIVING ORDERS WARNING SIGNS INFORMATORY SIGNS

SECTION

9

52 53 54 55 55 56

57 59

ROAD MARKINGS MARKINGS ACROSS THE CARRIAGEWAY MARKINGS ALONG THE CARRIAGEWAY ROAD MARKINGS AT TRAFFIC ISLANDS TRAFFIC LANE MARKINGS PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS OTHER ROAD MARKINGS

APPENDIX VEHICLE REGISTRATION PLATES FIRST AID IN EMERGENCIES

SECTION

11

GENERAL TERMS

Driving License :

You must hold a valid driving licence or a valid learner driving license before you drive a vehicle in a

public place.

How to obtain a driving license :

١

Every applicant for a driving license should observe the following:

�. Visit the General Directorate of Traffic or one of its branches that provide the service, complete & sign the driving license application form, or by any other means specified by the General Directorate of Traffic.�. Enclose three passport size photographs with the form. You must be eighteen years old.

�. An appointment will be arranged for your eye test.

�. If you pass the eye test, a learner driving license will be issued and lecture will be book.�. In case you didn't pass the eye test, you are entitled to take the same test two more times.�. If the doctor request you to get spectacles , you should take a further eye test once you have the required spectacles.

�. After obtaining the learner driving license , you should arrange to have driving lessons with an approved driving instructor.

�. After completing required training hours and when your driving , you should apply for a driving test.�. Visit Driving School Directorate for driving test.

��. A driving licenses will be issued to you after passing the driving test and payment of the

appropriate fee.

��. If you fail a driving test you are entitled to take the test again.

Points to note in particular are :

A driving license or learner driving license entitles you to drive only vehicle’s of the class or classes for

which the license is issued. If you hold a learner driving license only, you must be accompanied by anapproved driving instructor of the same vehicle type while drinig any vehicle ( expect a motor cycle or

agricultural tractor ), if however the vehicle is a motor cycle , agricultural tractor or work vehicle , you must not carry a passenger unless the vehicle has proper accommodation for the passenger and

he/she holds a driving license for the class of vehicle involved . The owner of a motor vehicle must

not employ a person to drive that vehicle , unless that person has a license to drive the class of vehicle involved.

General provisions for vehicles :

�. No motor vehicle may be operated on the public road unless it is registered in the General Directorate

of Traffic, if it is not excluded from registration provisions such as bicycles and local vehicles.�. No vehicle shall be operated on public roads unless it has a valid registration certificate and a valid insurance policy against civil liability arising from traffic accidents.�. Make sure your vehicle is always in good condition. Using improper vehicle is illegal.

SECTION ONE

٢

Private vehichle driving license:

Summary of minimum age requirements for Bahrain driving licenses

Allow the holder to drive a private car and a

passenger car that does not exceed the number

of passengers to sixteen people . And a special

transport vehicle weighing not more than ������

kg , whether the car has a manual or automatic

transmission.

Private transport driving license:

Allows its holder to drive a private transport

vehicle with more than �� passengers , And a

private transport vehicle weighing more than

����� kg , and locomotives of all kinds , whether

the locomotive alone or by trailer or semi-trailer.

Special used driving license:

The holder is permitted to drive special used

vehicles that are intended for use in a special

purpose and are not used in any other way ,

Its design and processing can not be used to

transport people or things , for example : fireengines , ambulances , water and sewerage

vehicles , film and television cameras , mobile repair workshops, etc.

Driving licenses for people with disabilities:

Allows the holder to drive private cars and

motorcycles designed specifically for people with disabilities in proportion to their health status.

Motorized bike driving licenses:

Allow the holder to drive automatic bicycles.

Temporary driving license for learning:

Allows the holder to learn driving vehicles

according to the required license class.

Driving licenses for public transport vehicles:

Allows the holder to drive the vehicles used to

transport the public and their personal belongings

or the transport of goods on the roads for a fee.

Use of a vehicle on public roads must be properly covered by insurance.

Breach of this law is a serious offence by owner and user.

PREDESTRIANS

GENERAL RULES :

٣

�. Where there is a pavement or footpath , use it . Do not

walk next to the kerb with your back to the traffic . Look left , look right and left again before you step onto the

road.

�. Where there is no footpath , walk on the left hand side

of the road . It is safer to walk on the side facing

oncoming traffic . Keep as close as possible to the side of the road and do not walk more than two side by side.

Take care at left hand corners , where you should walk

in single lane if possible , particularly in heavy traffic or in poor light.

�. Do not allow children under the age of five out alone on the road . Go with them , walk between them and the traffic and always keep a firm hold of their hands. Do not let them run on the road.�. Always wear or carry something white, light coloured or reflective in the dark or in poor light. This is especially important on roads without footpaths.

CROSSING THE ROAD :

It is safer to cross at footbridges , islands , zebra and

pelican crossings , traffic lights or where there is a policeman . If you cannot find an ideal crossing pointsuch as these , choose a place where you can see

clearly along the roads in all directions . Do not try to

cross between parked cars . Move to a clear space and

always give drivers a chance to see you clearly.

HOLD A CHILDS HAND WHEN RROSSING A ROAD

������������������������� �������������

SECTION TWO

٤

Do not stand too near the edge of the pavement .

Stop a little way back from the kerb where you

will be away from the traffic but where you can still see if anything is coming.

If there is no pavement , stand back from the

edge of the road but where you can still see

traffic coming.

Traffic may be coming from all directions, so take care to look along each lane and listen too ,

because you can sometimes hear traffic before you can see it.

When there is no traffic near it is safe to cross. If there is something in the distance do not cross unless you are certain there is plenty of time . Remember, even if traffic is a long way off , it may be coming very fast . When it is safe walk straight across the road – do not run . Throughout

the actual road crossing continue to be alert for , any emergency ot the sudden appearance of

unexpected traffic.

Where there is an island in the road , across first to the island and wait there until the second half of the road is clear. Then finish crossing.

When you cross at a road junction look out for

traffic turning the corner , especially from behind you.

REMEMBER TRAFFIC MAY COME FROM BOTH DIRECTIONS

DO NOT CROSS THE ROAD BETWEEN PARKED CARS

٥

If there is a zebra crossing near , always use it . If is very

dangerous to cross the road a short distance away from

a zebra crossing . Some zebras have zig zag lines each

side of the crossing and it is most important not to cross

on the painted zig zag lines.

Always give drivers plenty of time to see you and to slow

down and stop before you start to cross. If necessary put

one foot on the crossing.

Until you have stepped onto a zebra crossing , the traffic does not have a stop for you . Vehicles need more time to

stop if the road is wet. When the traffic has stopped, walk across but keep looking both ways and listening in case a driver has not seen you and tries to overtake a vehiclewhich has stopped. If there is an island in the middle of a

crossing , pause on it and look left and right and onlycomplete the crossing when the road is clear.

NEVER CROSS NEAR A ZABRA

CROSSING AT A ZEBRA:

Lorem

ipsu

m

Cross the street at the traffic lights designated for pedestrian crossing :

If the space designated for pedestrian crossing is

organized by a traffic light, it must adhere to the meaning of this signal.

When the red man signal shows , do not cross . Press the

button on the box and wait . The lights will soon change

and a steady green man signal will appear you may now

cross with care.( at some pelicans there is also a bleeping

sound to tell blind people when the steady green man

signal is showing ) .

After a short time, the green man signal will begin to flash. This means that the lights will soon change again . You

should not start to cross but if you have started already

you will have time to finish crossing safely.

DON NOT RUSH ONTO A ZABRA

ALWAYS PAUSE ON A CENTRAL ISLE

٦

A pelican which goes straight across the road is one crossing even if there is a central refuge.

But if the crossing is staggered ( separate crossing on each side of the refuge but not in a

straight line ) you must press the button on the refuge to get the green man signal for the

second crossing.

CROSSING AT TRAFFIC LIGHTS :

If there are pedestrian signals , obey them . If not , watch both the lights and the traffic and do not cross when the lights allow traffic to go forward , even if you think you have time . When the lights are red remember to look out for turning traffic , and remember also that some traffic lights allow traffic to proceed in some lanes while other lanes are stopped.

AT JUNCTIONS CROSS ON GREEN LIGHT, BUT BE ALERT FOR TURNING TRAFFIC

PEDESTRIANS HAVE RIGHT OF WAY IF TRAFFIC LIGHTS FLASS AMBER

٧

OTHER CROSSING:

When a policeman is controlling the traffic , cross the road only when the officer has signaled you to so. Always cross in front of him.

CROSSING WITH POLICE:

Where there are guard rails , cross the road only at the gaps provided for pedestrians . Do not climb over the guard rails or walk outside them.

GUARD RAILS:

Check which way the traffic is going and remember that in one - way streets there will usually be more than one lane of traffic going in the same direction . Do not cross until it is safe to cross all the lanes of traffic.

CROSSING ONE-WAY STREETS:

Try not to cross the road where there are parked vehicles. If you have to cross between parked vehicles , stop at the outside edge of the vehicles where you can be seen by drivers and where you can look all around for traffic . Do not stand behind any vehicle which has its engine running because it might back into you.

PARKED VEHICLES:

Remember that it is more difficult for drivers to see you at night. If there is no convenient pedestrian crossing or island , cross near a street light so that drivers will be able to see you more easily. Remember to wear light colored so that you can be seen more easily in the dark.

CROSSING THE ROAD AT NIGHT:

CROSSING THE ROAD AT NIGHT:�� Do not go to the vehicle or descend from it except in places and in the way that preserves your safety and safety of traffic.�� Do not go up or down the bus unless you are standing in one of the designated parking stations. Do not try to climb unless you stop completely.�� Do not cross the street from behind the bus or in front of it, but wait until it is away from you and see the street clearly from both directions.

٨

THE ROAD USER ON WHEELSSECTION TREE

- It is more than sound common sense to keep your vehicle in good condition, as using one

that is defective is against the law.

- Tires should be in good condition . Always check tire pressure and check regularly and take into

account that tires are of one type.

- Keep the front mirror , side windows, main lights , side ights , rear lights , lights , mirrors and

number plate clean.

VEHICLES AND DRIVERS REQUIREMENTS:

You must not load your vehicle with goods or passengers in a way that makes it unstable,

obstructs your all round view of the road , interferes with your control of the vehicle or causes

damage to the road. Similarly you must not load your vehicle beyond its capacity. Loads must be

secured so that they cannot fall and cause danger to other road users.

LOADING:

DO NOT OVERLOAD YOUR VEHICLE

٩

- It is a serious legal offense to drive or attempt to drive a vehicle under the influence of narcotics or alcohol, and be aware that your ability to drive properly can be easily affected by the effects of

narcotics or alcohol.

- If your doctor tells you to use a drug, ask if it is likely to affect your ability to drive.

If you are influential, do not drive the vehicle .- There is no valid and quick rule to know how much you can drink without affecting your ability to

drive , but the proper rule to follow is to refrain from driving the vehicle after drinking alcohol.

DRIVER STATUS WHILE DRIVING:

DRIVING WHILE INTOXICATED:

If you have been drinking intoxicants or taking drugs, you

are in no condition to drive . You have placed yourself in a

position where you might injure or kill some innocent person.

One drink containing alcohol may have he following effects

on anyone.

SLOW DOWN REACTIONS

CREATES FALSE CONFIDENTS

IMPAIRS CONCENTRATION

DULLS JUDGEMENT

BLURS VISION

It is not important what kind of alcoholic beverage you drink or whether you drink it on a full

or empty stomach . The only important fact is the amount of alcohol in your blood and the

consequent impairment of your driving ability.

١٠

- Using a safety belt reduces your risk of a fatal or dangerous injury by ����.

- Make sure that the safety belt is properly adjusted and used even when using your vehicle for

short distances or at slow speeds.

- Place the children under the age of �� in the rear car seats and make sure to install it in the car

seat of the child by age category , making sure to close the car doors tightly and make sure to

put the safety lock in the correct position for fear of tampering with children.

- When riding on a motorized bike, wear a safety helmet and wear light or reflective clothing.- If you use glasses or contact lenses to keep your eyes level, use these glasses or lenses while

driving and driving without it is a legal offense.

SAFETY WHILE DRIVING:

THE MOTORIST AND THE TRAFFIC POLICE:

When requested to do so by a traffic police officer you must:- Stop your vehicle completely and prevent you from

escaping the vehicle.

- The driving license , vehicle ownership certificate should be presented when required , and to refrain

from doing so is a legal offense.

- If you are stopped because of doubt about your use

of narcotics or mascara, you are legally required to

give a sample of your blood or bloodstream in the

required manner and if you refuse to take it as a

legal offense.

١١

DRIVING BEHAVIOR ON THE ROAD :

DRIVEMIRRORSIGNAL

REMEMBER THE ROUTINE

���

Before moving off , always use your mirror but look around as well for a final check . Signal if necessary before moving out, move off only when you can do so safely without making other road users change speed or direction.

MOVING OFF :

Keep the right unless signs or signs guide otherwise , when you intend to overtake , turn left , or overtake a parked vehicle or infantry on the road, and allow others to overtake you if they want to.

DRIVING ALONG :

Use your mirror frequently, so that you know what is behind you.Well before you overtake , turn left, turn right, slow down or stop, use your mirror ( motorcyclists should always glance behind , even if they have mirrors fitted ) then give the appropriate signal if necessary.Always keep a special lookout for cycles and motorcycles, particularly when overtaking or turning. Bear in mind that two-wheelers are more difficult to see than larger vehicles and that their riders have the same right to consideration as other road users and are more vulnerable. Drivers ( especially of long vehicles or of vehicles towing trailers ) should on particular leave plenty of room for pedal cyclists.SPEED LIMITS:You must obey the speed limits of the road and your vehicle . Remember that there is a �� kph speed limit on all roads where there are street lights unless signs show otherwise . Bear in mind that any speed limit is a maximum . It does not mean that it is safe to drive at that speed. Always take into account all the conditions at the time.

١٢

BEFORE YOU BYPASS, YOU MUST CHECK THE FOLLOWING :

- The absence of any vehicle behind you has already begun to overtake you or gave the commander

a light warning signal of his desire to overtake.

- Do not give the driver of the vehicle in front of you a light warning signal of your desire to overtake.

- Visibility is completely on the path you are going to take, taking into account the difference between

the speed of your vehicle during overtaking and the speed of the vehicles you wish to bypass.

- Leave a space between you and the vehicles that you will bypass.

١٣

STOPPING DISTANCES:

You have to leave enough space between you and the vehicle in front of you to let you stop if the

front vehicle suddenly stopped or reduced its speed, and you should pay attention to what is issued

by the commander of light signals. Do not use brakes suddenly without strong justification.

If you have to stop in the middle of the road, use alarm signals or place warning signs on the road

surface to alert behind vehicle drivers so that the vehicle is visible from an adequate distance,

especially if stopping at night or in a place where it is forbidden to stop

GIVE WAY:

If you have to stop in the middle of the road, use alarm signals or place warning signs on the road

surface to alert behind vehicle drivers so that the vehicle is visible from an adequate distance,

especially if stopping at night or in a place where it is forbidden to stop

The distance between you and the vehicle in front of

you is ١٢ meters. Your speed should be ٣٠ km/h.

At a speed of ٧٠ km/h increases the range of

your vehicle to ٤٠ meters.

١٤

REMEMBER FOR SAFETY SAKE :

ALWAYS PLAN IN ADVANCE.

BE PREPARED AT ALL TIMES.

ALWAYS MAKE WAY FOR :

- BUSES PULLING OUT FROM THE KERB.

- AMBULANCES SOUNDING SIREN.

- FIRE ENGINES AND POLICE CARS.

AT ROAD JUNCTIONS WATCH OUT FOR PEDESTRIANS TRYING TO CROSS.

١٥

WHATCH OUT FOR PEDESTRIANS CROSSING

SUDDENLY IN FRONT OF PARKED CARS

Drive carefully and slowly when pedestrians are about to cross, particularly in crowded shopping

streets. Watch out for pedestrians emerging suddenly, for example from behind parked or stopped

vehicles. Remember, pedestrians may have to cross roads where there are no crossings;

show them consideration.

The young and elderly may not judge speeds very well and may step onto the road when you do

not expect them. Watch out for blind people and for the disabled or infirm. Give them plenty of time to cross the road. Remember that the deaf people may not hear your vehicle approaching.

When coming to a zebra crossing, keep a look-out for pedestrians waiting to cross and be ready to

slow down or stop to let them cross. When anyone has stepped on to a crossing, you must give way.

Signal to other drivers that you mean to slow down or stop . Allow more time for stopping on wet

roads. Do not signal pedestrians to cross; another vehicle may be approaching.

On the approach to a Zebra crossing, you must

not overtake the moving motor vehicle near

the crossing, or the leading vehicle which has

stopped to give way to a pedestrian on the

crossing. In traffic queues, leave pedestrian crossings clear.

At pedestrian crossings controlled by lights, or

by a police officer, give way to pedestrians who are still crossing when the signal allows

vehicles to move.

At pelican crossing the signals have the same

meaning as traffic lights except that a flashing amber signal will follow the red 'STOP' signal.

When the amber light is flashing you must give way to any pedestrians on the crossing; otherwise you may proceed. A straight Pelican is one crossing even when there is a central refuge and you

must wait for people crossing from the furthest side of the refuge. Do not harass pedestrians – for

instance, by revving your engine.

THE SAFETY OF PEDESTRIANS :

١٦

EXTRA CARE AND ATTENTION IS NEEDED NEAR STATIONARY BUSES

GIVEWAY TO PEDESTRIANS TRYING TO

CROSS AT JUNCTIONS

DO NOT OVERTAKE ON APPROACH TO

A PEDESTRIAN CROSSING

When turning at a road junction , give way to pedestrians who are crossing the road into which

you are turning.

When entering or emerging from property bordering on a road, giveaway to pedestrians as well

as to traffic on the road.Be careful where there are pedestrians, processions or other marching groups in the road . Pay

particular attention where there is no footpath and pedestrians may use the carriage way.

Leave plenty of room and be especially careful on a right hand bend, keep your speed down at

all times.

١٧

LINES AND LANES ON THE ROAD :

WHITE LINES ON THE ROAD GUIDE, WARN OR GIVE ORDERS. ( See Section �� )

A single broken line, with long markings and short

gaps, in the middle of the road is a hazard warning

line . Do not cross it unless you can see that the

road well ahead is clear.

Do not cross un broken white lines in the middle of

the road , except for access to premises or a side

road , except for access to premises or a side road,

or when you are ordered to cross the lines by

a policeman, or in avoiding stationary obstructions.

Do not move unnecessarily from lane to lane.

Always use your mirror first , if it is safe to move over, signal before doing so. Make sure you will not

force another driver to swerve or slow down.

١٨

Keep between the traffic lane markings the short broken white lines which divide the road into lanes. Keep to the right hand lane unless you are going to over-take, turn left or pass parked vehicles.

Colored reflecting road studs may be used with or without other road markings. White studs indicate, the lanes, or the center of the road, while the edge of carriageway may have red studs.

Areas of white diagonal stripes or white chevrons painted on the road are to separate traffic streams, or to protect traffic turning left . Do not drive over these areas if you can avoid doing so.

١٩

CHECK MIRROR, & RETURN TO LANE

HOW TO CHANGE LANES SAFELY

ACCELERATECHECK MIRROR & SIGNAL CLEARLY

On a three - lane dual carriageway you may stay in the middle lane when there are slower

vehicles in the right hand lane , but you should return to the right hand lane , when you have

passed them . The left lane is for overtaking (or for traffic turning back into the middle lane as soon as you can, but without cutting in.

When crossing a dual carriageway or turning left into one , treat each half as a separate road.

Wait in the central dividing strip ( the central reserve ) until there is a safe gap in the traffic on the second half of the road. However, where the central reserve is too narrow for the length of

your vehicle you should wait in the side road until you can cross the dual carriageway in one

movement.

When coming to junctions, be guided by any lane indication arrows on the road or on signs.

Thus, for example, if the arrow in your lane indicates ‘turn left only’ you must turn left.

In traffic hold-up do not try to jump the queue by cutting into another lane, or by overtaking a vehicle waiting in front of you.

In one-way streets , choose the correct lane for your exit as soon as you can . Never change

lanes suddenly, unless road markings indicate otherwise, choose the right hand.

Lane when going to the right, the left hand lane when going to the left and any convenient lane

when going straight on. Remember, other vehicles could be passing on both sides.

ROAD COURTESY :

٢٠

Watch out for other drivers' signals and take

any necessary action promptly.

You must obey signals given by Police Officers directing traffic (see Section ٧).

Do not overtake to the left , if the vision of the road vision is complete and clear , and after giving

the appropriate warning signal and ensure that there is no obstacle or gravity of the

corresponding traffic during the process of overtaking and until completion.

After you have completed the overtaking, you must go back to the right gradually and as soon as

possible.

If you allow a vehicle to overtake you, stick as far as possible to the far right side of the route you

are driving , so that the speed is calibrated until the overtaking process is done , and in doing so

you are prevented from increasing your speed.

OVERTAKING :

ALWAYS BE PREPARED, FOR AND FOLLOWSIGNALS GIVEN BY POLICE OFFICERS

٢١

YOU MUST NOT

OVERTAKE CARS OF THE

OFFICAL PROCESSIONS

CROSS A SOLID WHITE LINE

WHENOVERTAKING

OVERTAKE ON THE APPROACH

TO A PEDESTRIAN CROSSING

OVERTAKE AFTER A NO OVERTAKING'

SIGNAND UNTIL THE END ‘ OF

THE RESTRICTION

IF IN DOUBT DO NOT OVERTAKE

When the driver in front has signaled that he intends to turn left and you can overtake him on the

right without getting in the way of others.

When you want to turn right at a junction.

When traffic is moving slowly in queues and vehicles in a lane on the left are moving more slowly than you are.

In one-way 'streets (but not dual carriageways) where vehicles may pass on either side.

When traffic is moving, you may move to a lane on your right only in order to turn right or to park. Do not change lanes to the right in order to overtake.

Do not increase your speed while being overtaken . Slow down if necessary to let the overtaking

vehicle pass.

On a two-lane road, give way to Vehicles coming towards you before you pass parked vehicles or other obstructions on the right hand side of the road.

Overtake only on the left except :

Where you cannot see far enough ahead to be sure it

is safe to do so, for example, when at or coming to:

� A corner or bend.

� The brow of a hill.

Where you might come into conflict with other road users, for example:

� At a road junction.

� Where the road narrows.

� On the approach to any type of pedestrian crossing.

� Where it would involve driving over an area marked

with diagonal stripes or chevrons.

When to do so would force another vehicle to swerve or slow down.

Do not overtake :

٢٢

YOU MUST STOP AT A JUNCTION WITH A DOUBLE

LINE AND STOP SIGN, EVEN IF YOU THINK

THERE IS NO ON-COMING TRAFFIC

ALWAYS GIVE WAY WHERE THERE IS A DOUBLE

DOTTED LINE. TRAFFIC ON THE MAJOR

ROAD HAVE RIGHT OF WAY.

Approach junctions with great care . Consider your road position and your speed . Drive on only

when you are sure it is safe to do so and that you will not block the junction . Watch out for long

vehicles which may be turning , left or right , at a junction ahead but which may have to use the

whole width of the road in order to make the turn.

When waiting to emerge at a junction do not assume that a vehicle which is approaching from

the left and signaling with its right hand direction indicator will turn right. Wait to make sure.

At a junction with double broken white lines across the road ( it may also have a <Give way> sign

or an inverted triangle on the carriage way ) you must be ready to let traffic on the major road go by first.

At junctions with a ' Stop' sign and double solid white lines across your approach you must stop

at the lines. Wait for a safe gap in the traffic before you move off.

ROAD JUNCTIONS :

٢٣

A GREEN ARROW GIVES CLEARENCE

ONLY FOR THE DIRECTION

IT POINTS IN.

AT TRAFFIC LIGHTS, WHERE A FILTER LIGHT DIRECTS TURNING TRAFFIC, YOU MAY TURN WITHOUT

HAVING TO WAIT FOR THE GREEN ARROW IF THERE ARE NO ON-COMING CARS.

When all traffic is held up a police officer, you must not filter to the left or right until he signals you to do so.

JUNCTIONS CONTROLLED BY POLICE :

JUNCTIONS CONTOLLED BY TRAFFIC LIGHTS :

At junctions controlled by traffic lights, vehicles required to stop must wait behind the solid white ' Stop' line marked across the approach.

Do not move forward when traffic lights are green unless there is a room for you to clear the junction safely. Never move forward when the red and amber lights are showing together.

Vehicles turning left may turn if there is no on-coming traffic. When the left-turning arrow comes on, on-coming traffic is stopped by a red signal.

When traffic lights have a green arrow filter signal, do not get into the lane where filtering is allowed unless you want to go in the direction shown by the arrow.

٢٤

Well before you turn left use your mirror to make sure you know the position and movement of

the traffic behind you. When it is safe, give a left turn signal and as soon as you can do so safely, take up a position just right of the middle of the road or in the space marked for left turning traffic. If you can , leave room for other vehicles to pass on your right . Wait until there is a safe gap between you and any on-coming vehicle; then make the turn , but do not cut the corner . Give way to pedestrians crossing the road into which you are turning.

When turning left from a dual carriageway wait in the opening in the central reserve until it is safe to cross the second half of the road.

TURNING LEFT :

Well before you turn right use your mirror and give a right turn signal . Before and after the turn keep as close to the right as safety and the length of your vehicle will allow. Make sure a cyclist or a motorcyclist is not coming up from behind on your right. Give way to pedestrians crossing the road into which you are turning.

TURNING RIGHT :

٢٥

ALWAYS SELECT CORRECT LANE

ROUNDABOUTS :

When entering the roundabout , always give way to any traffic on your immediate left , but keep moving if the way is clear.Where there are two lanes at the entrance to a roundabout , unless signs or road markings indicate otherwise, proceed as follows:

WHEN TURNING RIGHT : RIGHT approach in the right hand lane , keep to the lane on the roundabout. Use the right turn indicator on the approach and through the roundabout.

WHEN GOING FORWARD : Approach in the right hand lane ( or middle lane if there are three lanes approaching the roundabout ), keep to that lane on the roundabout . Use the right turn indicator when passing the exit directly before the one you wish to take.

WHEN TURNING LEFT : Approach in the left hand lane, keep to that lane on the roundabout. Use the left turn indicator on the approach and maintain this signal until passing the exit before the one to be taken. Then change to the right turn indicator.

٢٦

٢٧

LORRY DRIVERS SHOULD SEEK COMPETENT HELP

CHILDREN CAN BE A HAZARD

DONOT REVERSE INTO A MAIN ROAD

FOR REVERSING PLACE YOURSELF COMFORTABLY

AND SQUARELY FOR A COMPLETE VIEW THROUGH

THE REAR WINDOW

REVERSING :

Before you reverse make sure that there are no pedestrians, particularly children, or obstructions

in the road behind you . Be especially careful about the 'blind area' behind you i.e. the part of the

road which you cannot see from the driving seat.

If you cannot see clearly behind, get someone to guide you when you reverse.

Never reverse from a side road into a main road.

٢٨

FULL BEAM HEADLIGHT CAN BE BLINDING

a) Make sure that all your lights are clean, that they work and that your headlights are properly

adjusted. Badly adjusted headlights can dazzle road users and lead to accidents.

b) Switch on your lights at lighting up time.

c) Use headlights at night on all roads , whether unlit or lit by street lighting . Remember that

'parking lights' are meant for just that-parking.

d) Use your headlights and rear lights whenever daytime visibility is seriously reduced by fog,

smoke, heavy rain or any similar condition – to see and be seen. Alternatively, two fog lights

instead of headlights may be used in condition of fog.

You must :

NIGHT DRIVING :

You should also :

a) Always drive do that you can stop well within the distance you can see ahead.

b) Slow down or stop if you are dazzled by approaching headlights.

c) Dip your headlights when meeting other vehicles or road users and before they dazzle the

driver of a vehicle travelling in the same direction in front of you. Even if your headlights are

dipped, do not drive close behind another vehicle that they dazzle the driver.

USE OF THE HORN :

When your vehicle is moving use your horn when

it is necessary as a warning of your presence to

other road users – but never use it as a rebuke.

When your vehicle is stationary, you may only

use your horn to warn another moving vehicle of

impending danger.

٢٩

WHERE PROHIBITED BY A SIGN WHERE THE CAR WOULD OBSTRUCT

INTO AN INTERSECTION ON OR NEAR ZEBRA CROSSING

� On the carriageway of any pedestrian crossing or within the area on either side if zebra

crossing, or in the zone indicated by rows of studs on the approach to a Pelican crossing

except to allow a pedestrian to cross.

� On the carriageway or edges of a clear way except in an emergency.

� On the left hand side of the carriageway at night except in a one-way street.

� Where waiting is prohibited by a 'NO PARKING' or ' NO STOPPING AT ANYTIME ' sign.

WAITING AND PARKING :

You must not let your vehicle stand :

٣٠

Where it would cause danger to other vehicles or pedestrians, for example :

� At or near a school entrance, not even to pick up or drop passengers.

• Where it would hide a traffic sign, on a footpath, pavement or cycle path, at or near any bus-stop.Where it would make it difficult for others to see clearly , for example at or near : � A junction and not within ١٥ meters of it.

• A bend.� The top of hill.

Where it would make the road narrow for example :

• Opposite a traffic island.• Alongside another stationary vehicle.• Opposite or nearly opposite another stationary vehicle if it causes the road to narrow to less than the width of two vehicles.

� Near roadwork.

Where it would hold up the traffic or inconvenience others, for example : � On a narrow road.

• On flyovers.• On fast main roads except in a lay-by.� Blocking a vehicle entrance or exit from a car park.

• Where it would prevent the use of properly parked vehicles.Where emergency vehicles stop or go in and out, for example : • Hospital and ambulance entrances.� Doctors entrances.

• Police and fire stations.

Make sure you always park your vehicle safely and where it will cause the least inconvenience to others. Walk a few yards rather than cause accident.

Before opening any door of a vehicle make sure that there is no one on the road , pavement or footpath close enough to be hit by the door. Be particularly careful about cyclists. Get out on the side nearest the kerb whenever you can and make sure that your passengers ( especially children ) do so too.

If you have to park on the road, stop as close as you can to the edge. Before leaving your vehicle, make sure the handbrake is on firmly and switch off the engine. Always lock your vehicle. At night switch your headlights off.

Also do not let your vehicle stand :YOU MUST :

٣١

CASUALTIES CAN BE REMOVED FROM DANGER

If you have a breakdown, think first of other traffic . Get your vehicle off the road if possible and keep your passengers and yourself off the road.

Take steps to warn other drivers of an obstruction. If your vehicle is fitted with hazard warning lights , use them . If you carry a red warning sign ( a reflecting triangle ) place it on the road at least �� meters before the obstruction and on the same side of the road . At night or in poor visibility do not stand at the rear of your vehicle and do not allow anyone else to do so , you may obstruct the rear lamps.

If anything falls from your vehicle, stop as soon as you can and remove it from the carriageway.If you see several vehicles in the distance which are going very slowly or have stopped, there may have been an accident. If you see warning signs and the flashing lights of emergency vehicles, slow down and be prepared to stop.

BREAKDOWNS AND ACCIDENTS :

IF YOU ARE FIRST ON AN ACCIDENT, YOU SHOULD :a) Warn other traffic by displaying a red triangle or switching on hazard warning lights or other lights or by any other means. Extinguish lighted cigarettes or other fire hazards and ask drivers to switch off other engines.b) Arrange for the police and ambulance authorities to be summoned immediately with full details of the location and casualties.c) Casualties must be moved from the wreckage of an accident , while waiting for expert medical assistance.

٣٢

Remember that no garage is allowed to repair your car, unless you

have obtained a damage report from the traffic police.

١٩٩

IF YOU ARE PERSONALLY INVOLVED IN AN ACCIDENT YOU MUST :

a) Leave your vehicle on the carriageway as it was after the accident (only if there are no

injuries to any person and the vehicle is causing traffic congestion should you move it).b) Call the traffic police (or wait until patrol arrives).c) Remain on the scene of the accident until the traffic police arrives.d) Provide information requested by the officer, such as name and address, vehicle log book, tax certificate, insurance card etc.

d) Get uninjured people out of the vehicles and into a place of safety. On a dual carriageway this should be away from the carriageway or hard shoulder or central reservation.e) Stay at the scene until emergency services arrive.

٣٣

Keep bicycles in road worthy condition at all times

ALWAYS CHECK THE FOLLOWING :

RULES FOR CYCLISTS

TYRES

BRAKES

LIGHT

BRAKEBRAKE

REFELCTOR

CHAIN

BELL

SECTION FOUR

- Minors under the age of ten calendar year are not allowed to drive bicycles on the public roads,

and the caretaker of the minor is responsible for any damage caused by his/her driving.

- Bicycle leavers and their workers may not rent them to persons under the age of ten years,

otherwise they are responsible for the damage caused to him or his bicycle by others.

- It is not permissible to practice the profession of renting bicycles of all types to third parties

except after obtaining a permission from the General Directorate of Traffic.- Bicycles must have the validity, security and safety requirements set out in these Regulations.

- The Director of the Department shall determine by virtue of a decision the conditions of the

license , its procedures , models , duration of the license and the manner of renewing the

conditions required to be met in the premises in which the lease is engaged.

- Bicycle drivers must adhere to the right side of the road and not get out of it as much as possible.

They are prohibited from using the rest of the road for other vehicles, pedestrians or walking on

sidewalks. They must walk individually behind each other.

- Ride or get off the bike at the edge of the right pavement of the road.

- It is prohibited for a cyclist to drive without holding or holding a wheel with only one hand,

except in the case of a manual signal . He is also prohibited from taking another vehicle while

driving or carrying, pushing or pulling things that obstruct the traffic or endanger him or the rest of the road users. And no one is allowed to ride in front of the bike leader.

- A cyclist may not race or rush at a dangerous speed or otherwise proceed in a manner that

poses a danger to the users of the road.

- ِAnimal vehicles may not be loaded with more than the energy of the animal or the person who tows them.

CYCLE EQUIPMENT :

٣٤

ALWAYS RIDE CLOSE TO THE CURB

ALWAYS STOP WHEN INSTRUCTED TO DO SO

ALWAYS GIVE HAND SIGNAL CLEARLY

CYCLING RULES :

The normal driving rules apply in general to pedal cyclists. A bicycle is a slow moving vehicle but

of itself affords no protection to the rider in the event of an accident. The observance of the

general rule to keep right is therefore of particular importance for the safety of the cyclist.

SIGNS AND SIGNALS :

Understand and obey signals to stop given by a

policeman , the rules at traffic lights , pedestrian lights , Pelican crossings , Zebra crossings and

traffic signs and marking in general ( see Section � and � ) . Learn the hand signals for cyclist

( Section ��) and give clearly and in good time.

Look behind and give the proper signal before

you move off , change from one traffic lane to another or make a turn.

When turning right give the proper signal and

keep well into the right edge of the roadway and

watch out for pedestrians who may be crossing

or attempting to cross the junction.

When turning left, get into the right of the left

turning lane ( be sure to look behind and give the proper signal before you move out ) . On busy

roads or a steep uphill section of the road it may

well be safer (especially for children) to pull well into the right hand side of the road and wait until

there is a long enough break in traffic in both directions to enable you to make the turn safely.

٣٥

- Cycle in single file when overtaking ( when overtaking parked vehicles watch out for doors that may open suddenly ).- Give your name and address, if requested, to a policeman.

YOU MUST :

- Allow a child under the age of �� years to ride a bicycle on public roads.The penalties can be high.- Ride or attempt to ride a pedal cycle while under the influence of alcohol or a drug.- Ride wholly or partly along or across a footpath.- Hold onto a moving vehicle. - Cycle more than two abreast (if traffic is heavy it is safer to cycle in singles files).

YOU MUST NOT :

- Keep well back when cycling behind a motor vehicle in slow moving traffic.- Use your bell, but as a warning and not as a means of getting right-of-way.- Take extra care when roads are wet of when winds are high.

DO :

- Hold on to a lean against stationary vehicles waiting to move.- Weave in and out of slow moving traffic.- Carry a passenger.

DO NOT :

٣٦

SECTION FIVE RULES FOR HEAVY VEHICLES

When loading a private transport vehicle or a heavy transport vehicle with goods, put the load and

roof over the vehicle and put the tools and fasteners and other loading tools and related in a

systematic, safe and tight and in a manner that does not make them vulnerable to move during

the walk or lead to fall or cause a noisy sound. In particular, the status, packaging and protection

of cargo shall be in such a manner as to ensure :

Provisions for heavy vehicles and private transport vehicles :

- Shall not result in any danger to persons or damage to public or private property.

- Do not cause noise and do not volatilize or emit any harm to health or endanger or harass the

users of the road or the public.

- Do not affect the vision of the driver or endanger her balance.

- Do not block manual signals, alarms, car lights, reflective mirrors, or registration numbers.- All tools used to tie, pack and protect the load, such as ropes, chains and covers, shall be sturdy,

sound and well anchored to prevent their falling, sliding or cutting.

* The drivers of the heavy transport vehicles must adhere to the right path of the river of the road

in all cases, and they may not skip unless the condition of the road or the destination of the driver

requires it.

٣٧

VEHICLE WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS :

Weights and dimensions are of particular importance in relation to bridges. The height of a vehicle

or trailer together with its load is especially important in relation to clearance under bridges . Be

sure that you know the height clearance.

AXLE LOAD LIMITS :

Tyre Load Limit ��������kg

Axle Load Limit ������kg

If centre-to centre distance of axles is ����meters, the maximum axle load is ����kg. ���kg may be

added for every � cm increase in distance.

GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT LIMITS :

Semi-trailer with double rear axles �������kg

Semi-trailer with single rear axles or

Rigid Vehicle with double rear axles �������kg

Rigid vehicle with single rear axle ��������kg

MAXIUM LENGTH :

Single axle rigid vehicles �� meters

Rigid vehicle with trailer �� meter

Semi-trailer ١٥ meters �� meters

MAXIUM HEIGHT :

��� Meters, �� cm minimum clearance

MAXIMUM WIDTH :

All vehicles including tractors, ��� Meters

You need and pay attention to warning signs, indicating maximum clearance under bridges.

Weight restrictions on bridges are indicated by special notices. You must not drive a vehicle over

a bridge if the vehicle exceeds the weight restrictions specified in the notice.

THE MAXIMUM AXLE LOADING ON ANY SINGLE AXLE IS �� TONS

٣٨

EXCEED �� KPHSHOULD NEVERHEAVY VEHICLES

DRIVING BEHAVIOR ON THE ROAD :

LOADS :

The load capacity of a vehicle must be in relation to the vehicle’s tyre , brakes , engine capacity

and general construction. A vehicle must not be loaded beyond its permitted loaded weight ( see

Section � ) Always ensure that the vehicle load is properly packed , distributed , secured and

where necessary, properly marked. Use side boards , ropes , nets and other aids as required.

Where tarpaulins are used , they must not obstruct any lamps , reflectors or the rear or side markings . Containers should be placed correctly on the body of the vehicle and properly

secured. Loose loads such as sand , gravel or similar substance should be loaded so that no

spillage or other conditions are caused which might create a hazard along the route.Dusty loads

should be covered. Particular care should be taken when transporting dangerous substances.

Periodic checking of the load should be made during the course of the journey.

SPEED LIMITS :

The maximum permissible speed for a heavy vehicle is �� kph , where signs indicate speed

limits less than this figure, those speed limits applies to all vehicles.

ON THE RAOD :

The general rule to keep to your right is of particular importance to drivers of heavy vehicles.

Keep to your right and stay well back from the vehicle in front to allow faster traffic to get ahead.Do not overtake unless you have sufficient power of acceleration to overtake safely and quickly. Know the capability of your brakes and the relationship between speed and stopping distances.

Articulated vehicles are inclined to skidding or Jack-knifing with harsh or sudden acceleration, breaking or steering, especially in wet conditions.

TURNING :

When turning, the rear wheels of a vehicle follow a shorter track than the front wheels . When

turning right, for example, a long vehicle or combination needs more room on the inside . The

driver should first check the nearside mirror for other traffic which may come up on the inside and then judge his turning movement so that the rear wheels of the vehicle ( or trailer ) do not

mount the kerb, strike a care should be taken if the driver has to swing wide when making a turn.

٣٩

SECTION SIX THE ROAD USERS AND ANIMALS

TAKE EXTRA CARE WHEN APPROACHING AREAS USED FOR HORSE RIDING

Drive slowly when going past animals . Give them plenty of room and be ready to stop if

necessary. Do not frighten the animals by sounding your horn or accelerating your engine.

Watch out for animals being led on your side of the road and be especially careful at right hand

bend.

Do not let your dog out on its own. When you take it for a walk on the road, keep it on lead.

If you have an animal in your car, keep it under control. Make sure it cannot disturb you while

you are driving. Do not let a dog out of a car on to the road unless it is on lead.

Before riding a horse on the roads, make sure you can control it in traffic. When riding, keep to the right.

ANIMALS :

٤٠

The usual driving rules, including the general rule, apply to the right, and the manual signals the

driver must give are the same signals as the biker.

At night, the donkey-drawn carriage must carry a lamp on the left side that shines a white light on

the front and a red light from the back.

At all times, two color reflectors should be placed at the rear of the vehicle , and a donkey cart should not be driven, piloted, or taken under the influence of alcohol.

Driving donkeys carts :

٤١

SECTION SEVEN LIGHT SIGNALS

RED MEANS STOP

It is an offense to proceed if the red light is illuminated.A GREEN ARROW

Indicates that traffic only turningin that direction may proceed even if a red signal is illuminated.

TRAFFIC LIGHT SIGNALS :

Red means ‘Stop '. Wait behind the stop line on the carriageway.

Red and amber also mean ' Stop'. Do not pass through or start until green shows.

Green means you may go if the way is clear. Take special care if you mean to turn left or right and

give way to pedestrians who are crossing.

When a green arrow lights up beside a red light, traffic may turn right even though other traffic is halted.

When a green arrow lights up beside a green light this is to advise you that traffic coming through from the opposite direction is halted by a red light and you may safely turn left provided the

junction is clear.

Amber means ' Stop ' at the stop line. You may go on only if the amber appears after you crossed

the stop line or are so close to it that to pull up might cause an accident.

AMBER MEANS STOP

Continue only if you have already crossed the line.

RED AND AMBER

Means STOP. Do not cross the line until the green light shows.

A GREEN ARROW

Indicates that traffic only turning in that direction may proceed even if a red signal is illuminated.

٤٢

SOME TRAFFIC LIGHTS CARRY

OTHER SIGNS – ALWAYS PAY

ATTENTION TO THESE.

A flashing amber light has a special meaning, see ' Pelican Crossings ' (section � ).

Some traffic light signals display an internationally illuminated traffic sign, prohibiting certain turning movements ( i.e ' no left turn , 'no right turn ' ). These signs have the same significance and must be respected as ordinary traffic signs.

These consist of an ordinary set of traffic lights for drivers and a set of light signals for pedestrians. Normally there is a push button for pedestrians to press which changes the lights and stops the traffic.The rules are simple:Pedestrians must not cross while the ' red man ' light is showing.Press the push button ( where there is one ) and wait until the ' green man ' light is showing, then cross with care.On crossings with a central refuge or islans, particularly dual carriageways, the «green man» light may only you to cross as far as the refuge or island where there will be another button topress.At crossings controlled by Pelican lights see ( section ��).

Ordinary Pedestrian lights :

CONSTANT RED MAN SIGNAL

INDICATES THAT A PEDESTRIAN

MUST NOT CROSS.

CONSTANT GREEN MAN SIGNAL

INDICATES A PEDESTRIAN CAN CROSS.

FLASHING GREEN MAN INDICATES

A PEDESTRIAN SOULD CROSS

WITH CAUTION.

٤٣

SECTION EIGHT SIGNAL TO OTHER ROAD USERS

WARNS TRAFFIC ' I INTEND TO MOVE OUT TO

MY RIGHT ' or 'I WISH TO TURN RIGHT '.

TO TURN RIGHT :

RIGHT INDICATOR LIGHT :

HAND SIGNALS :

MOTORISTS EXTEND LEFT ARM AND ROTATE

IN A CLOCKWISE DIRECTION CYCLISTS EXTEND

RIGHT ARM CLEARLY.

LEFT INDICATOR LIGHT :

WARNS TRAFFIC ' I INTEND TO MOVE OUT TO

MY LEFT ' or ' I WISH TO TURN LEFT '.

TO TURN LIFT :

HAND SIGNALS :

MOTORISTS AND CYCLISTS AT REAR OF CAR.

BRAKE LIGHTS AT REAR OF CAR :

MOTORISTS AND CYCLISTS EXTEND LIFT ARM

CLEARLY AND WAVE UP DOWN SEVERAL TIMES.

TO SLOW OR STOP :

HAND SIGNALS :

INDICATE THAT ' I AM SLOWING DOWN OR

STOPPING '.

٤٤

Vehicles approaching from front and behind.

STOP

SIGNALS BY TRAFFIC POLICE :

Vehicles approaching from front.

Vehicles approaching from behind.

Signaing Vehicles from the front.

COME ON

Signaing Vehicles from the side.

Signaing Vehicles from the behind.

٤٥

TAFFIC SIGNSSECTION NINE

It is vital that every road user understand commonly used traffic sign, and is able to act upon their instructions. When they give advance warning - notice or attention this warning.

There signs are mostly circular and those with RED CIRCLES are mostly prohibitive.SIGNS GIVING ORDERS :

No entry for

vehicular trafficGive way to traffic on

major road

Stop

Maximum speed No lift turn No right turn

Your car will be removed if you park

No overtaking No U turns

No stopping( Clearway )

No parking No pedestrians

٤٦

No trucks No use of horns Give priority to

vehicles from

opposite directions

No vehicles over

height shown

No vehiclesHeavy vehicles

prohibited

No U turn for

heavy vehicles

Do not enter junction

untill exit is cleared

No parking for

heavy vehicles

Road under repairing No cycling No parking except

emergency only

٤٧

No motor

vehicles

No trucks No motor vehicles

except solo motorcycles.

scooters or mopeds

Total weight limit No vehicle or

combination of vehicles

over length shown

No vehicle over

width shown

Axle weight limit

٤٨

تلة أو مرتفع أمامكدوارإشارات مرور

Staggered junction Bend to right

( or left if symbol reversed )

Two way traffic crossesone way road

Right-hand lane closed

( may be reversed )

Side road Double bend first to left( may be reversed )

Road narrows on

both sides

Dual carriageway endsRoad narrows on right

( left if symbol reversed )

Humps ahead Roundabout Traffic signals

Mostly red triangular.WARNING SIGNS :

٤٩

Uneven road Camels Wild horses or ponies

Two way trafficstraight ahead

Slippery road Cross roads

Pedesrians crossing Falling or fallen rocks Road works

T junction School

Danger Traffic merges from right Traffic merges from left

School bus stop

٥٠

Signs with blue circles but no red border are mostly compulsory. Blue square signs are mostly

informative.

INFORMATORY SIGNS :

Ahead only One way road Mini-roundabout

Turn left ( right if

symbol reversed )

Keep right ( left if

symbol reversed )

Vehicles may pass

either side

Do not use mobile

while driving

Use safety belt Pedestrian crossing only

Hospital zone

Drive with care

Route for pedal

cyclists only

Turn left ahead

( right if symbol reversed )

٥١

Signs showing the dimensions a hundred meters from the first exit of the main road

Vehicles parks You have a closed roadU turn left

٥٢

ROAD MARKINGSSECTION TEN

Vehicles must come to the complete halt behind a

double white lines across the lane , at a junction

even if there is no STOP sign.

MARKINGS ACROSS THE CARRIAGEWAY :

A single white line across a traffic lane is used at traffic signals and indicates that traffic must not cross over this line when halted by the signal.

A double dotted line instructs a driver to GIVE WAY

to traffic from the left and proceed with caution. These lines are usually accompanied by a GIVE

WAY sign.

٥٣

At roundabouts, vehicles are obliged to GIVE WAY

to oncoming traffic from the left . While waiting for clearance to proceed , the vehicle should stop

BEHIND the white dotted line.

MARKINGS ALONG THE CARRIAGEWAY :

At mini-roundabouts the same rules apply. Drivers must GIVE WAY to traffic on the roundabout. Vehicles must stop BEHIND the line , ( short white dashes with short gaps ).

A solid white line in the middle of the road means you MUST NOT cross over it unless you need

access to premises or a side road , or to avoid an

obstruction.

A broken line down the center of a single carriage way indicates that you must ensure that the opposing lane is clear of traffic and that there is ample passing distance before overtaking.

٥٤

Short broken lines are used to separate traffic lanes within one traffic stream . You should not weave from one lane to another without having a good reason to do so.

ROAD MARKINGS AT TRAFFIC ISLANDS :

A solid wide line ( ���cms ) along the edge of a carriageway indicates the edge of the driving area. Do not drive outside this line; this area should only be used if you have to stop in an emergency.

Areas of white chevron markings are used to gradually separate traffic passing in the same direction on either side of an island . Do not drive on either of these two markings.

White diagonal stripes are used to separate traffic streams moving in opposing directions , or to protect traffic turning left across oncoming traffic. They are seen around traffic islands.

٥٥

Arrow lane markings are used to indicate the

correct lane to be taken, depending on the desired

turning movement. They occur at major traffic light junctions and on the approach to roundabouts.

Always ensure that you are in the correct lane.

TRAFFIC LANE MARKINGS :

These arrow markings are used to indicate and

warn the driver in advance of the approaching

entrance to deceleration lane at a road junction

and traffic light junction, or any other place where a traffic lane forks.

White zig - zag marking which may be on either

side of a zebra crossing, impose parking, stopping

and overtaking prohibitions as well as restrictions

on pedestrians crossings within the area marked

by zig - zag lines.

PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS :

٥٦

To indicate to vehicular traffic the approach to a road junction at or near which the ' Stop' signs is placed .

OTHER ROAD MARKINGS :

To indicate to vehicular traffic potential danger ahead and the need to proceed with caution.

To indicate to vehicular traffic the approach of a road junction at or near which the GIVEWAY sign is placed.

٥٧

It is important to recognise the different classifications and their respective coloring, especially if you wish to identify another vehicle to the authorities . Numbers may be repeated in different categories.

VEHICLE REGISTRATION PLATES :

DIPLOMATIC CORPS VEHICLES ROYAL CEREMONIES VEHICLES

PRIVATE VEHICLES PUBLIC SECURITY VEHICLES

INSPECTION VEHICLESPRIVATE TRANSPORT VEHICLES

٥٨

EXPORT VEHICLES PUBLIC TRANSPORT VEHICLES

MOTORCYCLES VEHICLES

٥٩

FIRST AID IN EMERGENCIES

The medical services of the State of Bahrain are geared to giving emergency services at all times.

Nevertheless there may be occasions where in a remote area prompt common sense action while

awaiting expert medical help may be vital at the scene of an accident.

All road users are strongly advised to study this section and learn the invaluable information it

contains .Your knowledge can be a matter of life or death to an accident victim.

SUFFERING FROM SHOCK :

Usually caused by crushing injuries, severe lacerations or severe burns. Signs are lacerations or

severe burns . Signs are clammy sign , paleness , thirst , shallow breathing , glassy eyes , dilated

pupils and rambling speech . It can cause death . Lie the person flat , elevate the lower part of the body and keep warm. Constant reassurance is necessary too. DO NOT give a drink or cigarette.

EYE INJURY :

Put a clean pad over the eye and get to the nearest aid center. If the injury is from chemicals, wash

the eye with copious amounts of water as soon as possible. Speed is essential and also the volume

of water – even dirty rather than none.

CHEMICAL BURNS :

If from acid or caustic, remove any affected clothing at once. Flush the burnt area with water for

at least ���minutes, either by bucket, hose or immersion in the sea.

SEVERE BLEEDING :

Apply direct pressure on the cut with a pad of the cleanest material available . Use the fingers if you have nothing else. Raise or hold up the limb part. DO NOT use tourniquets or pressure points.

HEART FAILURE FROM INJURY ( NOT from stroke ) :

For adults, strike the chest over the heart ( just slightly right of centre) smartly with the heel of the

hand. If this fails to restart the heart , place the heel of your hand on the victim’s sternum ( lower

half of the breast bone ), keeping the palm and the fingers off the chest. Cover this hand with your other hand and with straight arms rock forward to press down on the lower half of the sternum.

Repeat once a second . For children up to ���, one hands pressure is enough at the rate of ���������

times a minute.

For infants, the pressure of two fingers is enough at the rate of ��� per minute.

٦٠

THE KISS OF LIFE

DO NOT WASTE TIME

removing dentures or loosening cloth

START THE KISS OF LIFE IMMEDIATELY

Your hand, lips and lungs are all you need.

�

�

�

Mouth to mouth resuscitation, or ‘kiss of life’, is the best method so far developed of reviving a

person whose breathing has stopped. It is fast, flexible and sure – but it must be begun AS SOON AS POSSIBLE , regardless of any other considerations . A person can only live for ��� minutes

without breathing ( ie inhaling oxygen ) . Normal air contains����� oxygen . Exhaled air ( air you breathe out ) contains �����, quite enough to maintain life.

�) With one hand on the crown of the head , the other under the chin , gently tilt the head of the unconscious victim backwards . This lifts the

tongue and clears the main air passage to the

lungs.

�) Take a deep breath and with your mouth wide open blow slowly into the half-opened mouth of the patient , keeping his nose closed with your fingers . Alternatively, you can close the victim’s mouth and breathe into his nostrils by covering his mouth but ensure that the nasal passages

are blocked.

�) Take another deep breath, watching the victim’s chest for signs of breathing while doing so.

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�) Repeat once every five seconds until the victim starts breathing on his own . The action should always be slow and deliberate - quick , panicky movements will do more harm than good. Continue if necessary for ATLEAST AN HOUR but ideally for however long it takes to get the patient to the hospital.�) If the victim is a baby or child, give only tiny puffs of air every � seconds.�) Once breathing has restarted regularly turn the victim onto his right side ( pressure off the heart ). He must be facing three quarters down with his right arm extended above his head and his head and his left knee bent up . This is to prevent inhalation of vomit and fluids which will nearly always follow the start of breathing.

Following the kiss of life it is important to place the victim in the coma position to prevent inhalation of vomited material which can cause infection of the lungs.

DURING THE RECOVERY :

Safety belts :Studies in countries that have made use of the seat belt mandatory have shown that the number of people killed in accidents was only possible if they were not using seat belts and that ���� of injuries were avoidable.

Many believe that the s eat belt will cause them some inconvenience , but properly tying the belt helps you keep a proper driving session , and the simple annoyance you feel at first quickly disappears, as many drivers feel more comfortable when they attach seat belts that improve Put their session behind the wheel and relieve their feeling tired or tired.

Prepared by: IT Division - General Directorate of Traffic ���� �����