Contemporary Theatre FINAL REPORT

7/27/2019 Contemporary Theatre FINAL REPORT

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CONTEMPORARY THEATER

1970 to the Present


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After World War 2

It was a creative time in the field of theater.

Realism continued and non-realistic formsof theater also thrived.

Absurdism - illogical, random, inexplicableevents and characters.

35 Million lives were claimed which forcedartists to express themselves in manydifferent forms.

1950s - cold war between the U.S. and theSoviet Union also war between Northand South Korea


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1960s - Vietnam War which was controversial

Series of wars in the Middle East

Third world countries also in chaos.

Series of assassinations in the US: John F.Kennedy, Martin Luther King, and JohnLennon; all of them trying to make a standagainst war and violence.

The music era signaled a more provocative andsexual movement when singers such as ElvisPresley, Beatles and the Rolling Stonesemerged.

After World War 2


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Blasphemy is no longer censored and the social revolutionin behavior and attitudes which often encouraged youngpeople against their parents.

The impact of these changes were to be felt through therest of the 20th century.

The 20th century society continued to grow technologically:o Television & films joined in competing with theater.

o More people were watching television and moviesrather than going out to watch live theaterperformances.

Movements evolved like the:

o Feminist rights

o Civil rights

o Gay rights

After World War 2


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Theatre after World War 2

Eugene Ionesco

-whose play, The Bald Soprano, is oneimportant playwright of absurdism.

Still Life by Emily Mann

and Redwood Curtain by LanfordWilson.

Results of these wars are stillapparent and reflected in plays such asSteamers (1976) by David Rabe,
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Existentialism

a philosophical movement articulated by two

Frenchmen:

o Albert Camus

o Jean Paul Sartre Existentialists believe that there is a little meaning to

life and God does not exist, leaving only humans are

alone into this irrational world.

Camus and Sartre were also playwrights who wrote

existential plays.
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Sartres best well known plays are The Flies(1943)and No Exit(1944). His other existential dramas

include The Respectable Prostitute (1951) and The

Condemned of Altona (1959).

Existentialism

No Exit

-Is about three people who have died

a man and two women- locked in a

room which they cannot escape.-The man loved the woman, while the

woman loved the other woman but

does not return the love since she is in

love with another man.


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Camus and Sartre

the dramatic form are very conventional while their

works are philosophically revolutionary

plots based on cause and effect logic.


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ABSURDIST THEATER

Theatre of the Absurd Coined by Martin Esslin in his 1962 book.

Esslin saw these playwrights as giving artistic

expression to Albert Camus' existential

philosophy, that life is inherently meaningless.

Common characteristics of absurdist plays

include this general existential philosophy

coupled with a rejection of narrative continuityand the rigidity of logic, and a fundamental

depreciation of language which is seen as a

useless attempt to communicate the impossible.


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Most absurdists also determinedly resist thetraditional separation of mockery and tragedy,

intermixing the two at will.

This creates an unpredictable world in which

the poignantly tragic may come upon the

heels of the absurdly funny, or vice versa.

ABSURDIST THEATER


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Samuel Beckett

was the most renowned of theabsurdist playwrights.

Dramas dealt with dullness of

routine, futility of human actionsand inability of humans tocommunicate

His dramatic style underlinesthematic statements which capturesthe ridiculous moments of humanexistence.
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ECLECTICS

Stehler

made over 200 productions

including comedies, dramas, operas

Tempest in 1983 - the mostfamous, which he brought to the

United States.
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Peter Brook

Founded Oxford University FilmSociety.

He founded the InternationalTheater Research Center in Paris.

Brooks eclecticism is illustrated byseveral productions of the 1980s:o a stripped down version of the opera

o Carmen, an adaptation of the Indianepic Mahabharata

o and of the Cherry Orchard playedduring intermissions.
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*Brooks Works

The Lord of The Flies by William Golding

King Learby Shakespeare.

The Shifting Point: Forty Years of Theatrical

Exploration, 1946-1987

Threads of Time, a memoir written in 1998.
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15/60

NEW TECHNOLOGY

Computers made things possible in creating new buildings &

controlled lighting and more hi-tech theater stage designs.

Josef Svoboda,(1920-2002)

Czechoslovakian designer, experimented on projectors,

movable platforms, multimedia, and new materials suchas plastics.

Organized New Group Theater for semi-professional artists.

Later on the group became the ensemble for the GrandOperawhich became Pragues largest theater.

Laterna Magika experiments with the media techniques inwhich he is known for.

Sbovoda believed that the stage must also move in fluidity asactors move.


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18/60

Musical Theatre

Popular music in theatrical form (America)

Produced productions with memorable music,

witty and poignant lyrics.

Adaptation of classic plays, novels, shortstories, original work.

Songs directly related to the plot - with a

storyline and subplots.


19/60

Musicals Dramatic play with integrated musical score.

Virtual golden age of musicals: after the WW1 -1960s.

Characters sing and dance.

Two Phases of the Golden Age:

(1) musical comedy - George Gershwins LadyBe Good, Strike Up The Band; Vincent YoumansNo, No, Nanette; Cole Porters Anything Goes

(2) Usually dated from Rodgers and Harts PalJoey (1939), shocked pre-war audiences withcasually suggestive lyrics about sexual infidelity andshady business ethics.


20/60

Broadway

Broadway musicals in the Golden Age Broadly influential.

Longest street in Manhattan with more than 30 theaters(north of Times Square, at 42nd Street)

The Great White Way Plays ran for years - tickets sold six months in advance

place of origin for only spectacular musicals

Oklahoma! (1943)

Story, music, lyrics, dances = tone, mood, intention Rodgers and Hammerstein (first time together)

Other Rodgers and Hammerstein productions: Carousel(1945), The King And I (1951), The Sound Of Music(1959)


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popularized intimate playhouses that did not take thetraditional proscenium form

Grease - moved to Broadway, blurring the distinctionbetween Broadway and Off-Broadway

1960s-1970s: Off-Broadway became more commercial,

less experimental: production costs rose, more commercial

productions staged

1960s: replaced off-Broadway as center of experimentationin NY

: Originally dedicated to introduce and showcase newtalent

Participatory theater - the audience are asked to take anactive part. Usually performed in found spaces (factorylofts, churches, warehouses)

Off-Broadway


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ESTABLISHED THEATER

COMPANIES

Competition from commercial theater, film and

television

Decreasing audiences

Reduced government support


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American Regional Theater

Victory Gardens (1970s)

Won the 2001 Tony Award for Best Regional Theatre

Influential institution which developed and produced

mostly world premiere plays

Production: The Velvet Rose

Established Playwrights Ensemble


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Biograph Theatre- opened in September 2006

Victory Gardens


26/60

Victory Gardens


27/60

Body Politic (1970s)

develop and produce contemporary works of art

build relationships with playwrights as well as

provide them with resources for progressive

projects create artistic excellence on stage

continue to cater to new and diverse audiences


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Steppenwolf (1976)

a Chicago-based international

performing arts institution

produced a generation of America's

most gifted artists whose talents includeacting, directing, playwriting and

filmmaking

started as a company of 9-actors then

later on grew into 41 theatre artists

Productions: The Grapes of Wrath, The

Song of Jacob Zulu
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Looking Glass Theatre (1988)

seeks to improve or go beyond the limits

of theatrical experience

main floor- seating riser

two seating areasbalcony- removable

Productions: Black Diamond & Clay


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American Repertory Theatre (ART)

(1979)

neglected works of the past

create productions involving music

Became prominent for producingclassical plays by avant-garde

directors.

aims to develop classic texts

Production:A Marvelous Party
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ALTERNATIVE THEATER


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ALTERNATIVE THEATER

Also known as Experimental Theater.

This reflects postmodernists points of

view where artists explored new ways

of breaking away from typical theater.

Techniques: Audience participation

Effects

Use of the stage & physical elements

Most Significant Groups: Performance Group

Wooster Group

Mabou Mines


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Environmental Theater

Founded by Richard Schechnerin 1968

Used a remodeled garage

Dionysius in 69 (1969), The Tooth of

Crime (1973), Mother Courage (1975)and The Balcony(1979)

THE PERFORMANCE GROUP
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THE WOOSTER GROUP

Is under the direction ofElizabethLeCompte.

Cultivated new forms & techniques of

theatrical expression, & is also noted

for deconstructing well-known texts.

Route 1&9 (1981) and Brace Up

(1991)
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OTHER ALTERNATIVE GROUPS

Circle Repertory Company, 1969 Manhattan Theater Club, 1970

The Theater for the New City, 1971

Curacha Theater, 1980 Signature Theater

En Garde Arts


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MABOU MINES

Organized in 1970.

Under the direction ofLee Breuer.

Developed many theater pieces

using imagery & techniques of

popular culture. Has high visual style.

B. Beaver Animation (1974)

OTHER ALTERNATIVE


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OTHER ALTERNATIVE

PLAYWRIGHTS

Horton Foote

Richard Greenberg

Maria Irene Fornes

Paula Vogel

Mac Wellman

Romulus Linney

Wallace Shawn


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ALTERNATIVE AMERICAN

DIRECTORS


40/60

Anne Bogart

Known for her collaborative works,

which use highly vocal and physical

techniques

Well-known for her theoreticalapproach to directing, known as

viewpoints .

Co-founder of Saratoga International

Theater Institute and the Via Theater Nicholas and Alexandra (2003) and

Death and the Ploughman (2004)
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.operajaponica.org/graphics/photos/america/losangeles/lanickalex/lanicalex2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.operajaponica.org/archives/america/americaletterpast03b.htm&h=482&w=378&sz=163&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=qiqLH3Rr56yz8M:&tbnh=129&tbnw=101&prev=/images%3Fq%3DNicholas%2Band%2BAlexandra%2B(2003)%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.actorstheatre.org/HUMANA%2520FESTIVAL%2520CDROM/images/headshots/Bogart,%2520Anne.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.actorstheatre.org/HUMANA%2520FESTIVAL%2520CDROM/bogart.htm&h=446&w=331&sz=103&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=jl1ZpFGUKAOvbM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=94&prev=/images%3Fq%3DAnne%2BBogart%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


41/60

Des McAnuff

Works are highly ecclectic

One of the founders and key director

of Dodger Productions, 1978 Revived regional La Jolla Playhouse,

1983

Jersey Boys (2005) and 700 Sundays

(2004)
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Richard Foreman

Works are usually autobiographical

and self-reflexive

Use a number of theatrical devices

such as voice-overs, exaggeratedvocal and physical techniques and

visual elements

Founded the Ontological-Hysteric

Theater, 1968 Panic(2003) and The Gods Are

Pounding My Head(2005)
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43/60

Robert Wilson

Worlds most vanguard theaterartist.

Creates huge, extremely long epic

productions which revolve around

theatrical images and accompanied byoperatic music.

Death Deconstruction & Detroit(1979),

The Man in the Raincoat(1981) and

Death Deconstruction & Detroit II

(1987)
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44/60

Peter Sellars

Most noted for his modern readingson classic texts

Used classical texts to comment on

contemporary political and social

issues

Euripides Children of Herakles

(2002)
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.amrep.org/images/herakles/herakles4d.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.amrep.org/articles/1_2/welcome.html&h=428&w=190&sz=21&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=J7ewsPYilvj23M:&tbnh=126&tbnw=56&prev=/images%3Fq%3DChildren%2Bof%2BHerakles%2B(2002)%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.amrep.org/images/herakles/herakles004k.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.amrep.org/herakles/&h=400&w=400&sz=36&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=R5C2UfUXXCxZ-M:&tbnh=124&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3DChildren%2Bof%2BHerakles%2B(2002)%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.elia-artschools.org/biennial/_images/PeterSellars.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.elia-artschools.org/biennial/news/index.xml&h=421&w=336&sz=71&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=NNFywCDI-D6f5M:&tbnh=125&tbnw=100&prev=/images%3Fq%3DPeter%2BSellars%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


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DRAMATIST

OFDIVERSITY


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GENDER DIVERSITY

Many female questioned traditional genderroles and place of women in society.

Feminist theater companies forced audienceto reexamine gender biases.

100 feminist theater companies estimated inthe United States, including Omaha MagicTheater in Nebraska, Womens ExperimentalTheater, Womens Project in NY,

Spiderwoman collective also in NYamongothers.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.chickspeare.org/webofyore/images/Fornes01.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.chickspeare.org/webofyore/fefuindex.html&h=280&w=182&sz=48&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=yUCdiVgOIZ8sWM:&tbnh=114&tbnw=74&prev=/images%3Fq%3DMaria%2BIrene%2BFornes%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


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Maria Irene Fornes

One of the most prolific, intellectual

and political playwright. She also directed many productions

of her plays.

Avant-garde dramatist whos playsare unconventional in structure,dialogue and staging.

Plays include Fefu and her Friends(1977), Mud (1983), The Conduct ofLife (1985), Oscar and Bertha

(1991), The Audition (1998) andLetters from Cuba (2000).
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.chickspeare.org/webofyore/images/Fornes01.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.chickspeare.org/webofyore/fefuindex.html&h=280&w=182&sz=48&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=yUCdiVgOIZ8sWM:&tbnh=114&tbnw=74&prev=/images%3Fq%3DMaria%2BIrene%2BFornes%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


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*Fefu and Friends

The play begins when eight womenmeet to rehearse a theatre

education project in the New

England home of Fefu.

The meeting became a venue forthem to share with each other their

pains and domestic struggles.

The play ends in the evening of the

same day with the death of one ofthe women.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://thatotherpaper.com/files/FefuPoster2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://thatotherpaper.com/blog/chad_hanna/fefu_and_her_friends&h=364&w=350&sz=41&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=pnT4hsgjmXoOqM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3DFefu%2Band%2Bher%2BFriends%2B(1977)%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.americanplacetheatre.org/stage/images/stories/productionhistory/52.-FEFU-AND-HER-FRIENDS.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.americanplacetheatre.org/stage/index.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dblogcategory%26id%3D13%26Itemid%3D33&h=228&w=304&sz=12&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=31iSws1QSfzINM:&tbnh=87&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3DFefu%2Band%2Bher%2BFriends%2B(1977)%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


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GAY AND LESBIAN THEATER

Even before the 1960s, a number ofplays and performers introduced gay

and lesbian themes in American

theater.

In the early 20th century, there was

considerable cross-dressing in

many performances. It raised

questions about sexual orientationand gender roles.
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GAY AND LESBIAN THEATER

Plays included material on thissubject matter. Lillian Hellmans The

Childrens Hour was assumed to

portray a possible lesbian

relationship between two schoolteachers.

The Boys is the band (1968) was the

first to introduced gay life intotheater. Play by Mart Crowley

depicted a group of men living a

openly gay life.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://freepages.school-alumni.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~history/1969/Archives/GHSJazzBand1968.jpg&imgrefurl=http://freepages.school-alumni.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~history/1969/Archives/Archives.html&h=781&w=988&sz=207&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=4dlE0aCLkVGV0M:&tbnh=118&tbnw=149&prev=/images%3Fq%3DThe%2BBoys%2Bis%2Bthe%2Bband%2B(1968)%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.moviegoods.com/Assets/product_images/1010/266443.1010.A.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.moviegoods.com/movie_poster/boys_in_the_band_the_1970.htm&h=311&w=200&sz=11&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=2UEbnDXoTqG4lM:&tbnh=117&tbnw=75&prev=/images%3Fq%3DThe%2BBoys%2Bis%2Bthe%2Bband%2B(1968)%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.royalexchange.co.uk/images/upload/04/plays/childpost_lge.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.royalexchange.co.uk/play.asp%3Fplayid%3D265&h=474&w=350&sz=36&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=Y3u9mwejqyVzZM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3DLillian%2BHellman%25E2%2580%2599s%2BThe%2BChildren%25E2%2580%2599s%2BHour%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


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* The Childrens Hour

It is a drama set in an all-girlsboarding school run by twowomen.

An angry student, runs awayfrom the school. To avoid being

sent back she tells hergrandmother that the twoheadmistresses are having alesbian affair.

The accusation proceeds to

destroy the women's careers,relationships and lives.
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EUROPEAN

THEATER

BRITISH AND IRISH


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BRITISH AND IRISH

PLAYWRIGHTS

DAVID HARE

CONOR MCPHERSON

PATRICK MARBER

HOWARD BRENTONDAVID EDGARMARTIN MCDONAGH

BRITISH AND IRISH
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://nymag.com/images/2/daily/entertainment/08/02/06_mcdonagh_lg.jpg&imgrefurl=http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2008/02/martin_mcdonagh_on_colin_farre.html&h=375&w=560&sz=23&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=iMI9412dHaX0GM:&tbnh=89&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3DMARTIN%2BMCDONAGH%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bp0.blogger.com/_mlURBYuHJQ8/RjoDO5qZE1I/AAAAAAAAAOI/3mVnmDuLzSg/s400/david%2Bedgar.jpg&imgrefurl=http://writersguild.blogspot.com/2007_05_01_archive.html&h=298&w=400&sz=22&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=SuPRh6KCtS2NyM:&tbnh=92&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDAVID%2BEDGAR%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://martingoodman.com/soyouwanttobeawriter/uploaded_images/ned_sherrin-708188.jpg&imgrefurl=http://martingoodman.com/soyouwanttobeawriter/2007_10_01_soyouwanttobeawriter_archive.html&h=640&w=480&sz=40&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=xfkF-SVIVdixkM:&tbnh=137&tbnw=103&prev=/images%3Fq%3DHOWARD%2BBRENTON%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/content/images/2007/09/17/patrickmarber5_396x222.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/people/patrick_marber_person_page.shtml&h=222&w=396&sz=14&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=eXhZP65yakjlfM:&tbnh=70&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3DPATRICK%2BMARBER%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/images/mcpherson.jpg&imgrefurl=http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2007/06/conor_mcpherson_back.html&h=376&w=251&sz=26&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=SC2S_mNjRL38DM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=81&prev=/images%3Fq%3DCONOR%2BMCPHERSON%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.thestage.co.uk/images/pics/14217.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/newsstory.php/14217&h=312&w=230&sz=9&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=M5eex8snVTsyTM:&tbnh=117&tbnw=86&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDAVID%2BHARE%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


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BRITISH AND IRISH

PLAYWRIGHTS

TIMBERLAKE WERTENBAKER

PAMELA GEMS

CARYL CHURCHILL

SARAH KANE

GERMAN AND ITALIAN
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.officiallondontheatre.co.uk/site/media/images/31694_Sarah-Kane_150.gif&imgrefurl=http://quartaparede.wordpress.com/2008/01/23/workshop-448-psicose-de-sarah-kane/&h=150&w=150&sz=18&hl=en&start=19&tbnid=Tb9xueY5ebyigM:&tbnh=96&tbnw=96&prev=/images%3Fq%3DSARAH%2BKANE%26start%3D18%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nndb.com/people/540/000114198/caryl-churchill-1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nndb.com/people/540/000114198/&h=292&w=230&sz=13&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=pm2eyB93qqeMdM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=91&prev=/images%3Fq%3DCARYL%2BCHURCHILL%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://artsweb.uwaterloo.ca/~jrariss/ocg/page1/files/page1_1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://artsweb.uwaterloo.ca/~jrariss/ocg/page1/page1.html&h=294&w=405&sz=33&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=xfsveTSZJLn7oM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3DTIMBERLAKE%2BWERTENBAKER%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


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GERMAN AND ITALIAN

PLAYWRIGHTS

DARIO FO

FRANZ XAVER KROETZ

HEINER MULLER

PETER

HANDKE
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Peter-handke.jpg/399px-Peter-handke.jpg&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Peter-handke.jpg&h=599&w=399&sz=37&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=td1LA5qXltvzkM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3DPETER%2BHANDKE%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://nikkitta.zip.net/images/heiner.jpg&imgrefurl=http://nikkitta.zip.net/arch2007-11-11_2007-11-17.html&h=487&w=580&sz=51&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=70IytIMRw7ucXM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3DHEINER%2BMULLER%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/31/Kroetz.JPG/220px-Kroetz.JPG&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Xaver_Kroetz&h=268&w=220&sz=14&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=gZh2_lt5lqg7tM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=93&prev=/images%3Fq%3DFRANZ%2BXAVER%2BKROETZ%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ultimateitaly.com/images/peoples/dario-fo.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ultimateitaly.com/peoples/&h=233&w=300&sz=8&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=ZUvchwnhCYm4pM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDARIO%2BFO%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


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EUROPEAN DIRECTORS

ARIANE MNOUCHKINE LUCA RONCONI INGMAR BERGMAN

PETER ZADEK PETER STEIN ANDREI SERBAN

TADEUSZ

KANTOR

TRANSFORMED GOVERNMENT
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ksiazki.wp.pl/k/n/src/37/37731.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ksiazki.wp.pl/wiadomosci/id,31944,wiadomosc.html&h=227&w=170&sz=20&hl=en&start=10&tbnid=Ih3IrTUU4Lw-GM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=81&prev=/images%3Fq%3DTADEUSZ%2BKANTOR%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/03/12/images/andreiSerban.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/03/12/andreiSerban.html&h=360&w=270&sz=21&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=A0cGdqPYtOATCM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=91&prev=/images%3Fq%3DANDREI%2BSERBAN%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ctts.dcu.ie/zadek.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ctts.dcu.ie/PeterZadekTRASNABIO.html&h=251&w=200&sz=10&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=VA7LcALpubwlKM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=88&prev=/images%3Fq%3DPETER%2BZADEK%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2007/07_03/IngmarBergmanR_468x490.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-471783/Ingmar-Bergman-legendary-film-director-dead-89.html&h=490&w=468&sz=44&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=XNakzJovLd5O6M:&tbnh=130&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3DINGMAR%2BBERGMAN%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.teatro.org/utili/thumbnail.aspx%3Fw%3D200%26fn%3Dl%26img%3D/public/news_4852.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.teatro.org/rubriche/drammaturgia/scuola_per_attori_di_luca_ronconi_4852&h=262&w=200&sz=9&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=q_2dzWxpUUYKHM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=85&prev=/images%3Fq%3DLUCA%2BRONCONI%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ambafrance.org.br/abr/label/label60/sumario/17-01-14.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ambafrance.org.br/abr/label/label60/17.htm&h=343&w=450&sz=32&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=v7w-pdfZ_1WolM:&tbnh=97&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3DARIANE%2BMNOUCHKINE%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG


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TRANSFORMED GOVERNMENT-

SUBSIDIZED THEATERS

Royal National Theater

Comedie Francaise

Royal Shakespeare

Company
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cache.eb.com/eb/image%3Fid%3D3822%26rendTypeId%3D4&imgrefurl=http://original.britannica.com/eb/art-13907/The-Aldwych-Theatre-until-1982-home-of-the-Royal-Shakespeare&h=300&w=307&sz=24&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=XZs2QXzsmzmNDM:&tbnh=114&tbnw=117&prev=/images%3Fq%3DRoyal%2BShakespeare%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/national_theatre.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/national_theatre.htm&h=266&w=782&sz=140&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=7qsBGlROijwwwM:&tbnh=49&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3DRoyal%2BNational%2BTheater%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cache.eb.com/eb/image%3Fid%3D12774%26rendTypeId%3D4&imgrefurl=http://www.britannica.com/eb/art%3Fid%3D4950%26type%3DA&h=300&w=437&sz=54&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=7jopodcE1FzFwM:&tbnh=86&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3DComedie%2BFrancaise%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG


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Latin American Theater

Refers collectively to the film output andfilm industries of Latin America.

Latin American film is both rich anddiverse. But the main centers ofproduction have been Mexico, Argentina,

Brazil, and Cuba. Flourished after the introduction of

sound.

It added a linguistic barrier to the exportof Hollywood film south of the border.

Flame of Love", written by Oliver O.Mbamara, a musical dance drama.

The New Yam Bandit, an African playwritten and directed by Oliver Mbamara.


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African theater (drama)

Is highly appreciated in the Westand revered for its uniquenessand closeness to nature.

Many entertainment buffs in the

West are great fans of AfricanArtists and artisticperformances.

Is under pressure because most

artists and entertainers end uppoor or destitute after they havespent considerable time of theirlives entertaining their people.

Contemporary Theatre FINAL REPORT

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