Contemporary Ideas on Ship Stability and Capsizing in Waves978-94-007-1482-3/1.pdf · Contemporary...
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Contemporary Ideas on Ship Stability and Capsizing in Waves
Transcript of Contemporary Ideas on Ship Stability and Capsizing in Waves978-94-007-1482-3/1.pdf · Contemporary...
Contemporary Ideas on Ship Stability and Capsizing in Waves
FLUID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Series Editor: R. MOREAUMADYLAMEcole Nationale Supérieure d’Hydraulique de GrenobleBoîte Postale 9538402 Saint Martin d’Hères Cedex, France
Aims and Scope of the Series
fundamental role.
As well as the more traditional applications of aeronautics, hydraulics, heat and masstransfer etc., books will be published dealing with topics which are currently in a stateof rapid development, such as turbulence, suspensions and multiphase fluids, super andhypersonic flows and numerical modeling techniques.
It is a widely held view that it is the interdisciplinary subjects that will receive intensescientific attention, bringing them to the forefront of technological advancement. Flu-ids have the ability to transport matter and its properties as well as to transmit force,therefore fluid mechanics is a subject that is particularly open to cross fertilization withother sciences and disciplines of engineering. The subject of fluid mechanics will behighly relevant in domains such as chemical, metallurgical, biological and ecologicalengineering. This series is particularly open to such new multidisciplinary domains.
The median level of presentation is the first year graduate student. Some texts are mono-graphs defining the current state of a field; others are accessible to final year undergrad-uates; but essentially the emphasis is on readability and clarity.
The purpose of this series is to focus on subjects in which fluid mechanics plays a
Volume 96
For further volumes:http://www.springer.com/series/5980
EditorsJean Otto de Kat • Kostas Spyrou • Naoya UmedaMarcelo Almeida Santos Neves • Vadim L. Belenky
Contemporary Ideas on ShipStability and Capsizingin Waves
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ISSN 0926-5112e-ISBN 978-94-007-1482-3ISBN 978-94-007-1481-6
Marcelo Almeida Santos NevesDepartment of NavalFederal University of Rio de JaneiroParque Tecnologico,21941-972 Rio de JaneiroBrazil
Jean Otto de Kat
Esplanaden 501098 [email protected]
Vadim L. BelenkyNaval Surface Warfare CenterCarderock D
20817-5700 West [email protected]
Kostas SpyrouSchool of Naval Architecture
National Technical University of AthensIroon Polytechnion,157 73 AthensGreece
and Marine
[email protected] UmedaDepartment of Naval
Osaka UniversityGraduate School of Eng
Yamadaoka Suita 2-1565-0971 OsakaJapan
DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-1482-3
MacArthur Blvd 9500
Editors
A. P. Moeller - Maersk A/S
Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L.
Architecture and Oce
Quadra 7
Architecture and Oce
Zographou 9
Stability Criteria Evaluation and Performance Based Criteria Development for Damaged Naval Vessels, by Andrew James Peters © Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2010, by permission of QinetiQ Limited.
v
Table of Contents
Preface .................................................................................................................... xi
List of Corresponding Authors ..........................................................................xiii
1 Stability Criteria
Review of Available Methods for Application to Second Level Vulnerability Criteria ............................................................................................... 3 Christopher C. Bassler, Vadim Belenky, Gabriele Bulian, Alberto Francescutto, Kostas Spyrou and Naoya Umeda
A Basis for Developing a Rational Alternative to the Weather Criterion: Problems and Capabilities ...................................................................................... 25 K.J. Spyrou
Conceptualising Risk.............................................................................................. 47 Andrzej Jasionowski and Dracos Vassalos
Evaluation of the Weather Criterion by Experiments and its Effect to the Design of a RoPax Ferry .............................................................................. 65 Shigesuke Ishida, Harukuni Taguchi and Hiroshi Sawada
Evolution of Analysis and Standardization of Ship Stability: Problems and Perspectives ..................................................................................................... 79 Yury Nechaev
SOLAS 2009 – Raising the Alarm....................................................................... 103 Dracos Vassalos and Andrzej Jasionowski
2 Stability of the Intact Ship
Effect of Initial Bias on the Roll Response and Stability of Ships in Beam Seas ........................................................................................................ 119
Historical Roots of the Theory of Hydrostatic Stability of Ships ........................ 141 Horst Nowacki and Larrie D. Ferreiro
The Effect of Coupled Heave/Heave Velocity or Sway/Sway Velocity Initial Conditions on Capsize Modeling .............................................................. 181 Leigh S. McCue and Armin W. Troesch
A. Yucel Odabasi and Erdem Uçer
Table of Contents vi
The Use of Energy Build Up to Identify the Most Critical Heeling Axis Direction for Stability Calculations for Floating Offshore Structures ................. 193 Joost van Santen
Some Remarks on Theoretical Modelling of Intact Stability............................... 217 N. Umeda, Y. Ohkura, S. Urano, M. Hori and H. Hashimoto
3 Parametric Rolling
An Investigation of Head-Sea Parametric Rolling for Two Fishing Vessels.................................................................................................................. 231 Marcelo A.S. Neves, Nelson A. Pérez, Osvaldo M. Lorca and Claudio
Simple Analytical Criteria for Parametric Rolling............................................... 253 K.J. Spyrou
Experimental Study on Parametric Roll of a Post-Panamax Containership in Short-Crested Irregular Waves ................................................. 267 Hirotada Hashimoto, Naoya Umeda and Akihiko Matsuda
Model Experiment on Parametric Rolling of a Post-Panamax Containership in Head Waves .............................................................................. 277 Harukuni Taguchi, Shigesuke Ishida, Hiroshi Sawada and Makiko Minami
Numerical Procedures and Practical Experience of Assessment of Parametric Roll of Container Carriers ............................................................. 295 Vadim Belenky, Han-Chang Yu and Kenneth Weems
Parametric Roll and Ship Design ......................................................................... 307 Marc Levadou and Riaan van’t Veer
Parametric Roll Resonance of a Large Passenger Ship in Dead Ship Condition in All Heading Angles......................................................................... 331 Abdul Munif, Yoshiho Ikeda, Tomo Fujiwara and Toru Katayama
Parametric Rolling of Ships – Then and Now...................................................... 347 J. Randolph Paulling
4 Broaching-to
Parallels of Yaw and Roll Dynamics of Ships in Astern Seas and the Effect of Nonlinear Surging .................................................................... 363 K.J. Spyrou
A. Rodríguez
Table of Contents vii
Model Experiment on Heel-Induced Hydrodynamic Forces in Waves for Realising Quantitative Prediction of Broaching............................. 379 H. Hashimoto, Naoya Umeda and Akihiko Matsuda
Perceptions of Broaching-To: Discovering the Past ............................................ 399 K.J. Spyrou
5 Nonlinear Dynamics and Ship Capsizing
Use of Lyapunov Exponents to Predict Chaotic Vessel Motions ........................ 415 Leigh S. McCue and Armin W. Troesch
Applications of Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponents to the Study of Capsize in Beam Seas ...................................................................................... 433 Leigh S. McCue
Nonlinear Dynamics on Parametric Rolling of Ships in Head Seas .................... 449 Marcelo A.S. Neves, Jerver E.M. Vivanco and Claudio A. Rodríguez
6 Roll Damping
A Simple Prediction Formula of Roll Damping of Conventional Cargo Ships on the Basis of Ikeda’s Method and Its Limitation ......................... 465 Yuki Kawahara, Kazuya Maekawa and Yoshiho Ikeda
A Study on the Characteristics of Roll Damping of Multi-Hull Vessels............. 487 Toru Katayama, Masanori Kotaki and Yoshiho Ikeda
7 Probabilistic Assessment of Ship Capsize
Capsize Probability Analysis for a Small Container Vessel ................................ 501 E.F.G. van Daalen, J.J. Blok and H. Boonstra
Efficient Probabilistic Assessment of Intact Stability.......................................... 515 N. Themelis and K.J. Spyrou
Probability of Capsizing in Beam Seas with Piecewise Linear Stochastic GZ Curve ............................................................................................ 531 Vadim Belenky, Arthur M. Reed and Kenneth M. Weems
Probabilistic Analysis of Roll Parametric Resonance in Head Seas.................... 555 Vadim L. Belenky, Kenneth M. Weems, Woei-Min Lin and J. Randolf Paulling
Table of Contents viii
8 Environmental Modeling
Sea Spectra Revisited ........................................................................................... 573 Maciej Pawłowski
On Self-Repeating Effect in Reconstruction of Irregular Waves......................... 589 Vadim Belenky
New Approach To Wave Weather Scenarios Modeling ...................................... 599 Alexander B. Degtyarev
9 Damaged Ship Stability
Effect of Decks on Survivability of Ro–Ro Vessels ............................................ 621 Maciej Pawłowski
Experimental and Numerical Studies on Roll Motion of a Damaged Large Passenger Ship in Intermediate Stages of Flooding................................... 633 Yoshiho Ikeda, Shigesuke Ishida, Toru Katayama and Yuji Takeuchi
Exploring the Influence of Different Arrangements of Semi-Watertight Spaces on Survivability of a Damaged Large Passenger Ship............................. 643 Riaan van’t Veer, William Peters, Anna-Lea Rimpela and Jan de Kat
Time-Based Survival Criteria for Passenger Ro-Ro Vessels ............................... 663 Andrzej Jasionowski, Dracos Vassalos and Luis Guarin
Pressure-Correction Method and Its Applications for Time-Domain Flooding Simulation ............................................................................................. 689 Pekka Ruponen
10 CFD Applications to Ship Stability
Applications of 3D Parallel SPH for Sloshing and Flooding............................... 709 Liang Shen and Dracos Vassalos
Simulation of Wave Effect on Ship Hydrodynamics by RANSE........................ 723 Qiuxin Gao and Dracos Vassalos
A Combined Experimental and SPH Approach to Sloshing and Ship Roll Motions......................................................................................................... 735 Luis Pérez-Rojas, Elkin Botía-Vera, José Luis Cercos-Pita, Antonio Souto-Iglesias, Gabriele Bulian and Louis Delorme
Table of Contents ix
11 Design for Safety
Design for Safety with Minimum Life-Cycle Cost.............................................. 753 Romanas Puisa, Dracos Vassalos, Luis Guarin and George Mermiris
12 Stability of Naval Vessels
Stability Criteria Evaluation and Performance Based Criteria Development for Damaged Naval Vessels........................................................... 773 Andrew J. Peters and David Wing
A Naval Perspective on Ship Stability ................................................................. 793 Arthur M. Reed
13 Accident Investigations
New Insights on the Sinking of MV Estonia........................................................ 827 Andrzej Jasionowski and Dracos Vassalos
Experimental Investigation on Capsizing and Sinking of a Cruising Yacht in Wind ...................................................................................................... 841 Naoya Umeda, Masatoshi Hori, Kazunori Aoki, Toru Katayama and Yoshiho Ikeda
Author Index....................................................................................................... 855
Preface
During the last decade significant progress has been made in the field of ship stability: the understanding of ship dynamics and capsize mechanisms has increased through improved simulation tools and dedicated model tests, design regulations have been adapted based on better insights into the physics of intact and damaged vessels, and ships can be operated with better knowledge of the dynamic behaviour in a seaway. Yet in spite of the progress made, numerous scientific and practical challenges still exist with regard to the accurate prediction of extreme motion and capsize dynamics for intact and damaged vessels, the probabilistic nature of extreme events, criteria that properly reflect the physics and operational safety of an intact or damaged vessel, and ways to provide relevant information on safe ship handling to ship operators.
This book provides a comprehensive review of the above issues through the selection of representative papers presented at the unique series of international workshops and conferences on ship stability held between 2000 and 2009. The first conference on the stability of ships and ocean vehicles was held in 1975 in Glasgow (STAB ‘75) and the first international workshop on ship stability was held in 1995 in Glasgow. The aim of the workshop was to address issues related to ship capsize and identify ways to accelerate relevant developments. Since then the workshops have been held each year in succession, whereby each third year a STAB conference has been held as a cap of the preceding workshops and to present the latest developments.
The editorial committee has selected papers for this book from the following events: STAB 2000 Conference (Launceston, Tasmania), 5th Stability Workshop (Trieste, 2001), 6th Stability Workshop (Long Island, 2002), STAB 2003 Conference (Madrid), 7th Stability Workshop (Shanghai, 2004), 8th Stability Workshop (Istanbul, 2005), STAB 2006 Conference (Rio de Janeiro), 9th Stability Workshop (Hamburg, 2007), 10th Stability Workshop (Daejeon, 2008), and STAB 2009 Conference (St. Petersburg). The papers have been clustered around the following themes: Stability Criteria, Stability of the Intact Ship, Parametric Rolling, Broaching, Nonlinear Dynamics, Roll Damping, Probabilistic Assessment of Ship Capsize, Environmental Modelling, Damaged Ship Stability, CFD Applications, Design for Safety, Naval Vessels, and Accident Investigations.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all of the authors who have presented papers at the conferences and workshops; to the organizers and all of the participants of these events; to the members of the International Standing Committee for the Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles; and to Professor Marcelo Neves for his role as main editor of this book.
Dr. Jan Otto de Kat Chairman of the International Standing Committee for the Stability of Ships
and Ocean Vehicles (on behalf of the editorial committee)
xi
List of Corresponding Authors
1 Stability Criteria Review of Available Methods for Application to Second Level Vulnerability Criteria Vadim Belenky [email protected] A Basis for Developing a Rational Alternative to the Weather Criterion: Problems and Capabilities K.J. Spyrou [email protected] Conceptualising Risk Dracos Vassalos [email protected] Evaluation of the Weather Criterion by Experiments and its Effect to the Design of a RoPax Ferry Shigesuke Ishida [email protected] Evolution of Analysis and Standardization of Ship Stability: Problems and Perspectives Yury Nechaev [email protected] SOLAS 2009 – Raising the Alarm Dracos Vassalos [email protected] 2 Stability of the Intact Ship Effect of Initial Bias on the Roll Response and Stability of Ships in Beam Seas
Historical Roots of the Theory of Hydrostatic Stability of Ships Horst Nowacki [email protected]
xiii
E. Uçer [email protected]
List of Corresponding Authors xiv
The Effect of Coupled Heave/Heave Velocity or Sway/Sway Velocity Initial Conditions on Capsize Modeling Leigh S. McCue [email protected] The Use of Energy Build Up to Identify the Most Critical Heeling Axis Direction for Stability Calculations for Floating Offshore Structures Joost van Santen [email protected] Some Remarks on Theoretical Modelling of Intact Stability Naoya Umeda [email protected] 3 Parametric Rolling An Investigation of Head-Sea Parametric Rolling for Two Fishing Vessels Marcelo de Almeida Santos Neves [email protected] Simple Analytical Criteria for Parametric Rolling K.J. Spyrou [email protected] Experimental Study on Parametric Roll of a Post-Panamax Containership in Short-Crested Irregular Waves Hirotada Hashimoto [email protected] Model Experiment on Parametric Rolling of a Post-Panamax Containership in Head Waves Harukuni Taguchi [email protected] Numerical Procedures and Practical Experience of Assessment of Parametric Roll of Container Carriers Vadim Belenky [email protected] Parametric Roll and Ship Design Riaan van’t Veer [email protected]
List of Corresponding Authors xv
Parametric Roll Resonance of a Large Passenger Ship in Dead Ship Condition in All Heading Angles Toru Katayama [email protected] Parametric Rolling of Ships – Then and Now J. Randolph Paulling [email protected] 4 Broaching-to Parallels of Yaw and Roll Dynamics of Ships in Astern Seas and the Effect of Nonlinear Surging K.J. Spyrou [email protected] Model Experiment on Heel-Induced Hydrodynamic Forces in Waves for Realising Quantitative Prediction of Broaching Hirotada Hashimoto [email protected] Perceptions of Broaching-To: Discovering the Past K.J. Spyrou [email protected] 5 Nonlinear Dynamics and Ship Capsizing Use of Lyapunov Exponents to Predict Chaotic Vessel Motions Leigh S. McCue [email protected] Applications of Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponents to the Study of Capsize in Beam Seas Leigh S. McCue [email protected] Nonlinear Dynamics on Parametric Rolling of Ships in Head Seas Marcelo A.S. Neves, [email protected] 6 Roll Damping A Simple Prediction Formula of Roll Damping of Conventional Cargo Ships on the Basis of Ikeda’s Method and Its Limitation Yoshiho Ikeda [email protected]
List of Corresponding Authors xvi
A Study on the Characteristics of Roll Damping of Multi-hull Vessels Toru Katayama [email protected] 7 Probabilistic Assessment of Ship Capsize Capsize Probability Analysis for a Small Container Vessel E.F.G. van Daalen [email protected] Efficient Probabilistic Assessment of Intact Stability K.J. Spyrou [email protected] Probability of Capsizing in Beam Seas with Piecewise Linear Stochastic GZ Curve Vadim Belenky [email protected] Probabilistic Analysis of Roll Parametric Resonance in Head Seas Vadim L. Belenky [email protected] 8 Environmental Modeling Sea Spectra Revisited Maciej Pawłowski [email protected] On Self-Repeating Effect in Reconstruction of Irregular Waves Vadim Belenky [email protected] New Approach To Wave Weather Scenarios Modeling Alexander B. Degtyarev [email protected] 9 Damaged Ship Stability Effect of Decks on Survivability of Ro–Ro Vessels Maciej Pawłowski [email protected]
List of Corresponding Authors xvii
Experimental and Numerical Studies on Roll Motion of a Damaged Large Passenger Ship in Intermediate Stages of Flooding Yoshiho Ikeda [email protected] Exploring the Influence of Different Arrangements of Semi-Watertight Spaces on Survivability of a Damaged Large Passenger Ship Riaan van’t Veer [email protected] Time-Based Survival Criteria for Passenger Ro-Ro Vessels Dracos Vassalos [email protected] Pressure-Correction Method and Its Applications for Time-Domain Flooding Simulation Pekka Ruponen [email protected] 10 CFD Applications to Ship Stability Applications of 3D Parallel SPH for Sloshing and Flooding Dracos Vassalos [email protected] Simulation of Wave Effect on Ship Hydrodynamics by RANSE Dracos Vassalos [email protected] A Combined Experimental and SPH Approach to Sloshing and Ship Roll Motions Luis Pérez-Rojas [email protected] 11 Design for Safety Design for Safety with Minimum Life-Cycle Cost Dracos Vassalos [email protected]
List of Corresponding Authors xviii
12 Stability of Naval Vessels Stability Criteria Evaluation and Performance Based Criteria Development for Damaged Naval Vessels Andrew J. Peters [email protected] A Naval Perspective on Ship Stability Arthur M. Reed [email protected] 13 Accident Investigations
New Insights on the Sinking of MV Estonia Dracos Vassalos [email protected] Experimental Investigation on Capsizing and Sinking of a Cruising Yacht in Wind Naoya Umeda [email protected]
