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416

some of his incisive thinking on botanicalteaching. In addition to the foregoing thesection program included 17 contributedpapers which were presented at two sepa-

rate sessions.BARRY COMMONER, Secretary

Psychology (Section I)

The program at Indianapolis, likethose of recent years, consisted of a vice-presidential address and six symposia on

research of current interest. Neal E.Miller (Yale University) delivered thevice-presidential address on "Experi-ments on fear and conflict." The sym-

posia of invited papers were on thegeneral topics of human engineering,psychopharmacology, early experience,psycholinguistics, signal detection, andstatistical learning theory. The sectionplans to present about the same kind ofprogram, but on different topics, at theWashington meeting in 1958. The vice-president for 1958 is B. F. Skinner (Har-vard University), and the new com-

mitteeman-at-large is L. H. Lanier(University of Illinois).

CLIFFORD T. MORGAN, Secretary

Social and EconomicSciences (Section K)

The program of the AAAS Section on

Social and Economic Sciences at theannual meeting in Indianapolis included,for the first time, participation by allfour major social science organizations-the American Economic Association, theAmerican Political Science Association,the American Sociological Society, andthe American Statistical Association. An-other first for the section was registeredby a successful session for contributedpapers as a climax to the general pro-

gram.

The American Economic Association,the National Academy of Economics andPolitical Science, and Section K, withthe National Social Science Honor So-ciety Pi Gamma Mu collaborating, pre-

sented a symposium on "Social Aspectsof Urban Agglomeration. The final ad-dress of this session comprised the vice-presidential address of Stuart A. Rice(Stuart Rice Associates). The otherparticipants in the session were LutherH. 'Gulick (Institute of Public Adminis-tration) and Coleman Woodbury (Uni-versity of Wisconsin), with Carroll L.Christenson (Indiana University) pre-

siding on behalf of the American Eco-nomic Association. The papers of thismeeting were of exceptional quality,and the provocativeness of the speakersprompted lively comment in the discus-sion period.The American Political Science Asso-

ciation conducted a symposium on

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CONTRIBUTORS-JeromeS. Bruner, Egon Brunswik,Leon Festinger, Fritz Hei-der, Karl F. Muenzinger,Charles E. Osgood, DavidRapaport. Work in cognitionhas received little professionalattention in recent years, and itis the purpose of this book tostimulate research in the fieldthrough the presentation of thestudies of six noted psycholo-gists. Among the papers: Scopeand Aspects of the CognitiveProblem; A Behavioristic Anal-ysis of Perception and Lan-guage as Cognitive Phenomena;The Relation Between Behaviorand Cognition; Trends in Cog-nitive Theory. Illustrated. $4.00

MASTERYOF STRESS

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and difficult stress-inducing sit-uations. Each man's emotionaland physiological reactions werestudied, with emphasis placedon the acute emergency reactionand on the ability or failure tomaster stress over a period oftime. The interesting resultsshould aid significantly in thework of preventive psychiatry.

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SCIENCE, VOL. 127

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"Studies in Electoral Behavior" in ajoint session with the Midwest Confer-ence of Political Scientists and SectionK. Papers were presented by James A.Robinson (Congressional fellow of theAmerican Political Science Association)and Warren E. Miller (University ofMichigan). Discussants were Jean Dris-coll (University of Wisconsin), FrankMunger (Syracuse University), andPhilip S. Wilder (Wabash College).Charles S. Hyneman (Indiana Univer-sity), who arranged the program, pre-sided.A symposium on "Current Research

on Population" was presented by theAmerican Sociological Society, jointlywith Section K. An exceptionally distin-guished group of authorities on popula-tion problems gave papers and contrib-uted to the discussion. These includedPhilip M. Hauser and Otis D. Duncan(University of Chicago), T. Lynn Smith(University of Florida), Pascal K.Whelpton and Arthur A. Campbell(Miami University), and Ronald Freed-man (University of Michigan). The pre-siding officer of this session, and thearranger of the program, was VincentH. Whitney (Brown University). TheAmerican Sociological Society, alongwith Section K, also cosponsored theprogram of the American PsychiatricAssociation on "Rehabilitation of theMentally Ill: Social and Economic As-pects, Parts I-IV."The American Statistical Association

and Section K cosponsored an addressby P. E. Irick (AASHO Road Test) on"A statistically designed highway experi-ment." Discussant on this program wasC. F. Kossack (Purdue University); H.W. Norton (University of Illinois) pre-sided. A second address featured C. R.Hicks (Purdue University) on "Appli-cation of a mathematical model in plas-tic tooling research." Discussants wereE. P. King (Eli Lilly and Company) andI. W. Burr (Purdue University). Presid-ing was D. L. Cheak (U.S. Naval Ord-nance, Indianapolis).The American Statistical Association

also cosponsored a special address withthe Biometric Society and the EcologicalSociety of America, given by Sir RonaldA. Fisher (Cambridge University) on"Smoking and lung cancer: an exampleof the interpretation of statistical datain the observational sciences." Presidingat this session was Boyd Harshbarger(Virginia Polytechnic Institute). In ad-dition, a joint session for contributedpapers of the American Statistical Asso-ciation and the Biometric Society washeld, with T. A. Bancroft (Iowa StateCollege) presiding. The program chair-man for the sessions of the AmericanStatistical Association was Virgil L. An-derson (Purdue University).The session for contributed papers of

Section K entertained papers presentedby Charles G. Hamilton (College of the

21 FEBRUARY 1958

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Ozarks) on "Southern public opinionand the Supreme Court," Fred Masserik(University of California) on "Under-standing others: theory and research on

a cultural leitmotif," and Harold Gar-finkel (University of California) on "Astudy of decision-making in complexsituations: an analysis of one chess tour-nament." Donald P. Ray (NationalAcademy of Economics and Political Sci-ence), secretary of the section, presided.The success of this session of contributedpapers indicates this type of presentationwill be useful at future meetings as part

of the sectional program. The occasioncan provide an approach, at least, to

THE Electrothermal ArmouredHeater is constructed of a mineralcore and insulated according to tem-perature range. A suitable resistancealloy is moulded in wire form be-neath the insulation covering and thewhole assembly is then enclosed in a

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limiting the problem of overspecializa-tion among, as well as within, the fieldsof social science.The Metric Assdciation, an affiliated

organization in Section K, presented a

round-table discussion on "Metric Im-plementation in Pharmacy, Medicine,and Chemistry," held jointly with AAASSection Np-Pharmacy. John T. Johnson(University of California) presided.Other sessions in which Section K par-ticipated were "Science, Technology,and General Welfare in a CapitalisticSociety" with AAAS Section P. togetherwith the vice-presidential address of thissection; and the joint symposia series of

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the Society for the Advancement ofCriminology, the Association for the Psy-chiatric Treatment of Offenders, and theInstitute for Research on Crime and De-linquency.The section officers are deeply appre-

ciative of the efforts of all who partici-pated in the section program and madethe Indianapolis sessions a notable suc-

cess.

Two joint sessions were held by thesection during the past year with theregular spring and fall sessions of theNational Academy of Economics andPolitical Science at the Brookings Insti-tution in Washington, D.C. The springsessions were on "The Middle East andFree World Security," and the fall ses-

sions on "The Economy of the U.S.S.R."The National Social Science Honor So-ciety Pi Gamma Mu collaborated withthe National Academy and Section K inthese meetings. The proceedings havebeen published by the National Acad-emy.

Section K was fortunate in 1957 tohave had the leadership provided by thedistinguished social-statistician, StuartA. Rice, as chairman. This year theequally distinguished economist, JosephJ. Spengler (Duke University) will serve

as chairman, and another eminent econo-

mist, Solomon Fabricant (National Bu-reau of Economic Research), will begininitial service as a member-at-large ofthe section committee.

DONALD P. RAY, Secretary

American Sociological Society (K4)

Population analysis and change, re-

ferred to in various other section meet-ings and in Paul B. Sears' presidentialaddress, received direct attention inthree papers presented during a sym-posium on "Current Research on Popu-lation." Philip Hauser and Otis DudleyDuncan (University of Chicago) pre-

sented materials on demography as a

science from the forthcoming volumeThe Study of Population: An Inventoryand Appraisal. They concluded thatdemography fits the criteria for an ob-servational science and that, despite theearly stage of development of its data,methods, and accumulated knowledge, itcan offer explanation and prediction ofevents at least in the short run.

T. Lynn Smith (University of Flor-ida) demonstrated that official data on

fertility are generally defective or lack-ing in Latin America. Presently the bestapproximations are obtained throughthe use of fertility ratios. Fertility isclearly very high throughout the area

and is likely to remain so for severaldecades. Fertility in rural areas is gen-erally higher than that in urban areas

and, in Brazil at least, fertility rates forwhites exceed those for colored.

SCIENCE, VOL. 127

Electrothermalarmoured heaters

Developed to meet the need for an electric heatingcable to operate under more severe conditions thantapes and for use at temperatures of 4500 and 8000 C.

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Social and Economic Sciences (Section K)DONALD P. RAY

DOI: 10.1126/science.127.3295.416-a (3295), 416-418.127Science 

ARTICLE TOOLS http://science.sciencemag.org/content/127/3295/416.2.citation

PERMISSIONS http://www.sciencemag.org/help/reprints-and-permissions

Terms of ServiceUse of this article is subject to the

trademark of AAAS. is a registeredScienceAdvancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005. The title

(print ISSN 0036-8075; online ISSN 1095-9203) is published by the American Association for theScience

of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.Copyright © 1958 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement

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